Equipment and method for unfired production of ceramsite by using solid wastes such as fly ash and slag

Abstract

The invention discloses equipment and a method for producing ceramsite from solid wastes such as fly ash and slag in a non-burning manner, and the method comprises the following steps: conveying raw materials to a storage bin through conveying equipment, respectively batching through a metering scale, feeding into a ball mill for grinding and pulverizing, feeding pulverized powder into a mixer for mixing under the control of the metering scale, conveying the uniformly stirred raw materials into a disc type material making machine through a belt weigher and a belt conveyor, and performing granulation; after granulation is completed, the ceramsite is conveyed into a coating machine through a belt conveyor to be coated; the coated ceramsite is conveyed into a still kettle through a belt conveyor; after ceramsite autoclaving is completed, the trolley is moved out of the autoclave to a curing area for static curing; the ceramsite reaching the standard after curing is conveyed to a drum screen through a belt conveyor and a bucket elevator to be screened; and the screened ceramsite is conveyed to three stock bins through a belt conveyor to be loaded respectively. The indexes of the ceramsite disclosed by the invention are better than those of the ceramsite burnt by flame traditionally, so that the resource utilization of wastes can be realized, the environment can be protected, and the production cost can be reduced at the same time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a technology for recycling industrial solid waste resources, in particular to a method for producing ceramsite without burning solid wastes such as fly ash and slag. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the development of industrial technology, my country has generated a large amount of solid waste, including slag and other waste materials, every year. For example, fly ash, slag, gasification slag, furnace slag, carbide slag, and sludge, some of which are harmful to our environment and can cause great harm to the human body. Therefore, the country attaches great importance to the management and treatment of solid waste. At the same time, the country has also introduced a number of control measures and increased its environmental control efforts. Therefore, most companies want to transform various waste materials and slag resources into valuable resources through special process paths, achieving non-toxic and harmless disposal to reduce environmental pressure.

[0003] At present, most of the comprehensive utilization of solid waste adopts the method of rotary kiln roasting, which calcines solid waste at high temperature to form usable products. However, general roasting kilns have the disadvantages of high energy consumption and serious pollution, and will create new sources of pollution. Research on the treatment of solid waste without burning is not common in China, and most of it is limited to theoretical research in the laboratory. The technology is immature and cannot achieve resource utilization. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide an equipment and method for producing ceramsite without burning solid waste such as fly ash and slag, which has a reasonable design, good comprehensive utilization effect of solid waste and high strength of prepared ceramsite.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is: A method for producing ceramsite without burning solid waste such as fly ash and slag, comprising the following steps: (1) Raw material preparation: Fly ash, slag, gasified slag or furnace slag, carbide slag and sludge are transported to five storage silos through different conveying equipment; (2) Ball milling: First, the five raw materials are weighed and weighed separately, then put into the ball mill for grinding and powdering, and the powder is transported to the buffer bin; (3) Mixing: The powder in the buffer bin is controlled by a metering scale to enter the mixer for mixing; the mixer adopts a dual rotation mode. During the rotation process, the internal rotor and the drum will rotate simultaneously. Through frequency conversion speed regulation, the corresponding speed can be reached, so that the material forms a multi-dimensional space flow field in the drum, and the material is mixed more evenly. In addition, an activator is added during the rotation and stirring process. The composition of the activator is: clay mass fraction is 32%, particle size: 325 mesh; CMC mass fraction is 41%, particle size: 400 mesh; dextrin mass fraction is 22%, particle size: 325 mesh; additional inorganic binder mass fraction is 5%, 325 mesh; (4) Granulation: The mixed raw materials are stored in the intermediate bin and transported to the disc-type material maker for granulation through a belt scale and a belt conveyor. Water is added during the granulation process. (5) Coating: After granulation is completed, the ceramsite is conveyed to the coating machine through a belt conveyor for coating. The coating powder amount is 10%. The ceramsite stays in the coating machine for 12 minutes. A screen is set at the tail end of the coating machine. Unqualified ceramsite is returned to the crushing and granulation, and qualified ceramsite enters the autoclave for autoclaving; (6) Autoclaving: The autoclaving time is 12 hours, the pressure is 1Mpa, and the program is set in the control room. The temperature is maintained at 150-180℃. The temperature control is divided into three stages: the first stage is the heating stage, the second stage is the heat preservation stage, and the third stage is the cooling stage. The temperature rate of different stages is determined according to different raw material ratios, process conditions and other factors; (7) Curing: After the ceramsite is autoclaved, the trolley is moved out of the autoclave to the curing area for curing. The curing time is 24 hours and the cylinder pressure strength is 6.9 MPa. (8) Screening: The ceramsite that meets the curing standards is transported to the drum screen for screening via a belt conveyor and a bucket elevator. The screened ceramsite is then transported to the silo via a belt conveyor to form finished ceramsite products.

[0006] Further: In step (1), the main chemical components of fly ash are as follows: SiO2: 40-70%, Al2O3: 20-30%, Fe2O3: 2-20%, CaO: 0.5-10% by mass; the main chemical components of carbide slag are as follows: Ca(OH)2: 80-85%, CaCO3: 7-8%, SiO2: 1.8-3%, Al2O3: 0.5-2% by mass; the main chemical components of gasified slag and furnace slag are as follows: the main component SiO2 : 30-50%, Al2O3: 10%-30%, Fe2O3: 5-15%, CaO: 5-25%; the main chemical components of slag are as follows by mass: SiO2: 25-50%, Al2O3: 8%-32%, Fe2O3: 4-16%, CaO: 6-25%; the main chemical components of sludge are as follows by mass: SiO2: 10-30%, Al2O3: 5%-15%, Fe2O3: 2-10%, CaO: 1.5-10%.

[0007] Furthermore: in step (2), the mass percentage of fly ash is 30-55%, the mass percentage of carbide slag is 10-25%, the mass percentage of gasified slag or furnace slag is 5-15%, the mass percentage of slag is 8-30%, and the mass percentage of sludge is 3-12%; the raw materials enter the ball mill for grinding and pulverizing, the discharge particle size is 250-400 mesh, and the feed moisture is ≤5%.

[0008] Furthermore: In step (3), each stirring time is not less than 10 minutes to ensure the uniformity of the five raw materials. During the stirring process, the added activator solution accounts for 8-15% of the mass, and the activator concentration is controlled at 3-5%.

[0009] Furthermore: In step (4), the disc granulator controls the output by adjusting the inclination angle, which can be adjusted to 35-55°. When the disc granulator is working, according to the process conditions, an appropriate amount of water is sprayed into the granulator, and the water replenishment amount is 1-3%.

[0010] Further: In step (6), the temperature is maintained at 160°C, specifically: heating from 0 to 107 minutes at a heating rate of 1.5°C / min, keeping warm and steaming from 107 to 680 minutes, cooling from 680 to 720 minutes at a cooling rate of 4°C / min.

[0011] Furthermore: In step (8), the screening specifications are 1.18-4.75 mm, 4.75-9.5 mm, and 9.5-19 mm.

[0012] A method for producing ceramsite without burning solid waste such as fly ash and slag. The equipment for producing ceramsite without burning solid waste such as fly ash and slag is used. The discharge port of each silo is connected to the feed port of a ball mill through a metering scale. The discharge port of the ball mill is connected to the feed port of a buffer silo. The discharge port of the buffer silo is connected to the feed port of a mixer through a metering scale. The discharge port of the mixer is connected to the feed port of an intermediate silo. The discharge port of the intermediate silo is connected to a belt scale. The belt conveyor is connected to the feed port of the disc granulator, and the discharge port of the disc granulator is connected to the feed port of the coating machine through the belt conveyor. The tail end of the coating machine is provided with a screen. Unqualified ceramsite is returned for crushing and re-granulation, and qualified ceramsite enters the autoclave for autoclaving. After the ceramsite is autoclaved, it is transported to the curing area for curing. The ceramsite that meets the curing standards is transported to the drum screen for screening via a belt conveyor and a bucket elevator. The screened ceramsite is transported to the silo via a belt conveyor to form a finished ceramsite product.

[0013] Furthermore: the ball mill is provided with a unique exhaust device, which includes: a cyclone dust collector, a manual gate valve, a heavy hammer air lock valve and a scraper conveyor. The inlet of the exhaust device is connected to the outlet of the ball mill, the lower part is connected to the heavy hammer air lock valve, the upper part is connected to the inlet of the high-efficiency cyclone dust collector, the discharge port of the high-efficiency cyclone dust collector is connected to the manual gate valve, the cyclone outlet is connected to the frequency conversion fan, the heavy hammer air lock valve and the manual gate valve are connected to the scraper conveyor through a chute, which can continuously transport materials, and a screen is provided in the exhaust device.

[0014] Furthermore: the mixer includes a base, a rotating drum, a first rotating device, a stirring shaft, a second rotating device, a discharge port, a feeding port, a dust extraction port, and a spray port; the lower end of the rotating drum is rotatably connected to the base and can rotate by being driven by the first rotating device. The lower end of the stirring shaft is located in the rotating drum, and its upper end is connected to the second rotating device. The lower end of the rotating drum is provided with the discharge port, and the upper end of the rotating drum is provided with a barrel cover, which is connected to the vertical frame on the base, and the barrel cover is respectively provided with the feeding port, dust extraction port and spray port; during the rotation process, the internal rotor and rotating drum will rotate simultaneously. Through frequency conversion speed regulation, the rotor speed can reach: 312r / min, and the rotating drum speed can reach 23r / min, so that the material forms a multi-dimensional spatial flow field in the barrel, so that the material mixing is more uniform. The discharge port of the mixer is hydraulically controlled to reduce the failure rate. Compared with traditional pneumatic and electric valves, it has better sealing and no water leakage or material leakage.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The magnesium smelting process of the present invention utilizes a new autoclave to replace the traditional rotary kiln high-temperature calcination process, develops a new process path for firing-free ceramsite, ensures that all indicators of the ceramsite meet customer needs, and promotes technological innovation in the solid waste industry; it can effectively replace other raw materials and reduce the excessive use of this raw material.

[0016] 2. The present invention adopts an autoclave for autoclaving, which has low energy consumption and the temperature control can be automatically adjusted. The produced ceramsite has high cylinder pressure strength, and the addition of a ceramsite coating section can further improve the roundness of the ceramsite. At the same time, the strength of the ceramsite is 5-10% higher than that of traditional ceramsite, and the strength of the ceramsite can reach 6.9Mpa, which improves the use scenarios of the ceramsite.

[0017] 3. The present invention adopts a high-efficiency mixer, and its double-rotation structure makes the mixing effect more uniform, and can further enhance the density of the material inside the ceramsite, improve the quality of the ceramsite, and make the various component indicators more stable.

[0018] 4. The ball mill discharge of the present invention adopts a unique exhaust device, which can increase the air flow rate inside the mill, increase the output of the mill, and remove the odor generated by the raw materials during the grinding process.

[0019] 5. After the present invention adopts the independently developed activator, in the process of ceramsite pelletizing, the bonding of the materials of each component is stronger, the internal density of the sphere is better, and no pores appear.

[0020] 6. The present invention adopts stepped heating and heat preservation, and sets different heating or cooling speeds according to the situation to better increase the strength of the ceramsite.

[0021] 7. This invention can completely solve the environmental problem of industrial solid waste. The product can be used in building materials, road construction, environmental protection, landscaping, filling materials and other fields, such as brick making, road construction, soil improvement, and rooftop greening. This invention not only realizes resource utilization, but also improves production efficiency and has a positive social impact. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of a method for producing ceramsite without burning by utilizing solid wastes such as fly ash and slag.

[0023] Figure 2 A diagram of ceramsite samples showing a method for producing ceramsite without burning solid waste such as fly ash and slag.

[0024] Figure 3 It is the structural diagram of the high-efficiency mixer used in the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the unique exhaust device for ball mill discharge used in the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 It is an electron microscope image of the internal density of the ceramsite in the present invention.

[0027] Figure 6 This is the autoclave temperature curve of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 7 This is the autoclave temperature curve of Example 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] Example 1: See Figures 1-6 , in the figure: 1-machine base, 2-first rotating device, 3-stand, 4-second rotating device, 5-feeding port, 6-spraying port, 7-dust extraction port, 8-cylinder cover, 9-rotating drum, 10-stirring shaft, 11-ball mill, 12-exhaust device, 13-fan interface, 14-cyclone dust collector, 15-manual plug valve, 16-scraper conveyor, 17-weight hammer lock air valve, 18-screen.

[0030] A method for producing ceramsite without burning solid waste such as fly ash and slag, comprising the following steps: Raw material preparation: fly ash is stored in silo #1 through conveying equipment; carbide slag is crushed (particle size ≤ 25mm) through a vibrating feeder and then stored in silo #2; gasified slag is crushed (particle size ≤ 25mm) through a vibrating feeder and then stored in silo #3; slag is crushed (particle size ≤ 25mm) through a vibrating feeder and then stored in silo #4; sludge is aged and then stored in silo #5 through conveying equipment; Before grinding, the five raw materials of fly ash, carbide slag, gasified slag, slag and sludge are separately weighed and mixed, wherein the mass percentage of fly ash is 35%, the mass percentage of carbide slag is 22%, the mass percentage of slag is 10%, the mass percentage of slag is 27% and the mass percentage of sludge is 6%. Ball milling: 5 kinds of raw materials are put into the ball mill for grinding and powdering (discharge particle size 250 mesh, feed moisture 3%), and then the materials are put into the buffer bin after discharge; Mixing: A metering scale is installed at the bottom of the buffer bin to control the amount of materials entering the mixer. Each mixing time is 15 minutes to ensure the uniformity of the five raw materials. During the mixing process, an appropriate amount of activator solution is added, accounting for 12% of the mass, and the activator concentration is controlled at 5%; Granulation: The evenly mixed raw materials will be stored in the intermediate bin and transported to the disc granulator through a belt scale and a belt conveyor for granulation. The disc granulator can control the output by adjusting the inclination angle (inclination 40°). When the disc granulator is working, according to the process conditions, spray an appropriate amount of water into the granulator, and the water replenishment amount is 3%; Coating: After granulation is completed, in order to increase the strength of the ceramsite, the ceramsite needs to be conveyed to the coating machine through a belt conveyor for coating. The coating powder content is 10%. The ceramsite stays in the coating machine for 12 minutes. A screen is installed at the end of the coating machine. Unqualified ceramsite is returned to the crushing and granulation process, and qualified ceramsite enters the next process. Autoclave: The coated ceramsite is conveyed to the autoclave trolley via a belt conveyor. The trolley enters the autoclave via a track, the outlet is closed, and autoclaving begins. The autoclave time is 12 hours, the pressure is 1Mpa, and the program is set in the control room. The temperature is maintained at 180°C, specifically: heating from 0 to 180 minutes at a heating rate of 1°C / min, heat preservation and autoclaving from 180 to 620 minutes, cooling from 620 to 720 minutes at a cooling rate of 2°C / min; After the ceramsite is autoclaved, the trolley is moved out of the autoclave to the curing area for curing. The curing time is 24 hours, and the cylinder pressure strength is 6.9Mpa, which can meet the industry requirements. Screening, curing standards of ceramsite, through the belt conveyor, bucket elevator to the drum screen for screening, specifications of 1.18-4.75mm, 4.75-9.5mm, 9.5-19mm three specifications; Finished products are stored and packaged, and the screened ceramsite is transported to three silos via belt conveyors and loaded onto trucks.

[0031] Table 1 is the experimental results of ceramsite production in Example 1 of the present invention name Pellet making time (h) Pellet size (mm) Moisture content of wet balls (%) Wet ceramsite strength (Mpa) Autoclaved strength of ceramsite (Mpa) Remark Example 1 1 13 15 1.2 6.9 The ball mill 11 in step (3) is provided with a unique exhaust device 12, which includes: a cyclone dust collector 14, a manual gate valve 15, a heavy hammer air lock valve 17 and a scraper conveyor 16. The inlet of the exhaust device 12 is connected to the outlet of the ball mill 11. The exhaust device 12 includes a cavity, a screen 18 is inclinedly arranged in the cavity, the lower part of the cavity is connected to the heavy hammer air lock valve 17, the upper part of the cavity is connected to the inlet of the cyclone dust collector 14, the discharge port of the cyclone dust collector 14 is connected to the manual gate valve 15, and the outlet of the cyclone dust collector 14 is connected to the fan interface 1. 4 is connected to the variable frequency fan to achieve phoenix, the hammer lock air valve 17 and the manual gate valve 15 are connected to the scraper conveyor 16 through the chute, which can continuously transport materials. When working, the other particles in the ball mill 11 flow into the cavity of the exhaust device 11, are sorted by the screen 18, and the appropriate particles leak from the screen 18 and enter the hammer lock air valve 17. The large particles are blocked by the screen 18 and are cleared out of the cavity after accumulation. The fine dust enters the cyclone dust collector 14 for re-sorting. The particles fall and enter the manual gate valve 15. The filtered gas is discharged from the fan interface 13.

[0032] The mixer in step (2) includes a base 1, a rotating drum 9, a first rotating device 2, a stirring shaft 10, a second rotating device 4, a discharge port, a feeding port 5, a dust extraction port 7, and a spray port 6; the lower end of the rotating drum 9 is rotatably connected to the base 1 and can rotate by being driven by the first rotating device 2. The lower end of the stirring shaft 10 is located in the rotating drum 9, and the upper end thereof is connected to the second rotating device 4. The lower end of the rotating drum 9 is provided with a discharge port (not shown in the figure, the discharge port is closed when rotating, and the discharge port is opened when the rotation is completed), and the upper end of the rotating drum 9 is provided with a drum cover. 8. The cylinder cover 8 is connected to the stand 3 provided on the machine base 1. The cylinder cover 8 does not rotate, but the cylinder cover 8 is rotatably sealed with the upper end of the rotating cylinder 9. The second rotating device 4 can be installed on the stand 3. The cylinder cover 8 is respectively provided with a feeding port 5, a dust extraction port 7 and a spraying port 6; the first rotating device 2 and the second rotating device 4 can adopt a transmission combination of a frequency conversion motor and a gear set, or a transmission combination of a frequency conversion motor, a belt and a pulley, or a transmission combination of a frequency conversion motor, a chain and a sprocket. There are various ways to choose according to actual conditions.

[0033] During the rotation process, the internal stirring shaft 10 and the rotating drum 9 will rotate at the same time to achieve double rotation. Through frequency conversion speed regulation, the rotation speed of the stirring shaft 10 can reach 312r / min, and the rotation speed of the rotating drum 9 can reach 23r / min (revolutions / minute), so that the material forms a multi-dimensional space flow field in the drum, making the material mixing more uniform. The discharge port of the mixer is hydraulically controlled to reduce the failure rate. Compared with traditional pneumatic and electric valves, it has better sealing and no water leakage or material leakage.

[0034] Example 2: See Figure 7 , in the figure, A method for producing ceramsite without burning solid waste such as fly ash and slag, comprising the following steps: Raw material preparation: fly ash is conveyed to silo #1 through conveying equipment; carbide slag is crushed (particle size ≤ 25mm) through a vibrating feeder and then stored in silo #2; slag is crushed (particle size ≤ 25mm) through a vibrating feeder and then stored in silo #3; slag is crushed (particle size ≤ 25mm) through a vibrating feeder and then stored in silo #4; sludge is aged and then conveyed to silo #5 through conveying equipment; Before grinding, the five raw materials of fly ash, carbide slag, furnace slag, slag and sludge are separately weighed and mixed, wherein the mass percentage of fly ash is 40%, the mass percentage of carbide slag is 17%, the mass percentage of furnace slag is 15%, the mass percentage of slag is 20% and the mass percentage of sludge is 8%. Ball milling: 5 kinds of raw materials enter the ball mill for grinding and powdering (discharge particle size 350 mesh, feed moisture 5%), and then enter the buffer bin after leaving the mill; Mixing: A metering scale is installed at the bottom of the buffer bin to control the amount of materials entering the mixer. Each mixing time is 12 minutes to ensure the uniformity of the five raw materials. During the mixing process, an appropriate amount of activator solution is added, accounting for 15% of the mass, and the activator concentration is controlled at 3%; Granulation: The evenly mixed raw materials are stored in the intermediate bin and transported to the disc granulator for granulation through a belt scale and a belt conveyor. The disc granulator can control the output by adjusting the inclination angle (inclination angle 38°). When the disc granulator is working, according to the process conditions, spray an appropriate amount of water into the granulator, and the water replenishment amount is 2%; After the granulation is completed, the ceramsite is conveyed to the coating machine via a belt conveyor for coating to increase the strength of the ceramsite. The coating powder content is 8%. The ceramsite stays in the coating machine for 10 minutes. A screen is installed at the end of the coating machine. Unqualified ceramsite is returned to the crushing and granulation process, and qualified ceramsite enters the next process. Autoclave: The coated ceramsite is conveyed to the autoclave trolley via a belt conveyor. The trolley enters the autoclave via a track, the outlet is closed, and autoclaving begins. The autoclave time is 12 hours, the pressure is 1 MPa, and the program is set in the control room. The temperature is maintained at 160°C, specifically: heating from 0 to 107 minutes at a heating rate of 1.5°C / min, heat preservation and autoclaving from 107 to 680 minutes, cooling from 680 to 720 minutes at a cooling rate of 4°C / min; Curing: After the ceramsite is autoclaved, the trolley is moved out of the autoclave to the curing area for curing. The curing time is 24 hours, and the cylinder pressure strength is 6.9Mpa, which can meet the industry requirements.

[0035] Screening, curing standards of ceramsite, through the belt conveyor, bucket elevator to the drum screen for screening, the specifications are 1-3mm, 3-10mm, 10-19mm three specifications; (10) Finished product storage and packaging: the screened expanded clay is transported to three silos via a belt conveyor and loaded onto trucks.

[0036] Table 2 is the experimental results of ceramsite production in Example 2 of the present invention name Pellet making time (h) Pellet size (mm) Moisture content of wet balls (%) Wet ceramsite strength (Mpa) Autoclaved strength of ceramsite (Mpa) Remark Example 1 1 15 17 1.5 6.9 The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Any simple modification made according to the technical essence of the present invention still falls within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for producing ceramsite without burning solid waste such as fly ash and slag, comprising the following steps: (1) Raw material preparation: Fly ash, slag, gasified slag or furnace slag, carbide slag and sludge are transported to five storage silos through different conveying equipment; (2) Ball milling: First, the five raw materials are weighed and weighed separately, then put into the ball mill for grinding and powdering, and the powder is transported to the buffer bin; (3) Mixing: The powder in the buffer bin is controlled by a metering scale to enter the mixer for mixing; the mixer adopts a dual rotation mode. During the rotation process, the internal rotor and the drum will rotate simultaneously. Through frequency conversion speed regulation, the corresponding speed can be reached, so that the material forms a multi-dimensional space flow field in the drum, and the material is mixed more evenly. In addition, an activator is added during the rotation and stirring process. The composition of the activator is: clay mass fraction is 32%, particle size: 325 mesh; CMC mass fraction is 41%, particle size: 400 mesh; dextrin mass fraction is 22%, particle size: 325 mesh; additional inorganic binder mass fraction is 5%, 325 mesh; (4) Granulation: The mixed raw materials are stored in the intermediate bin and transported to the disc-type material maker for granulation through a belt scale and a belt conveyor. Water is added during the granulation process. (5) Coating: After granulation is completed, the ceramsite is conveyed to the coating machine through a belt conveyor for coating. The coating powder amount is 10%. The ceramsite stays in the coating machine for 12 minutes. A screen is set at the tail end of the coating machine. Unqualified ceramsite is returned to the crushing and granulation, and qualified ceramsite enters the autoclave for autoclaving; (6) Autoclaving: The autoclaving time is 12 hours, the pressure is 1Mpa, and the program is set in the control room. The temperature is maintained at 150-180℃. The temperature control is divided into three stages: the first stage is the heating stage, the second stage is the heat preservation stage, and the third stage is the cooling stage. The temperature rate of different stages is determined according to different raw material ratios, process conditions and other factors; (7) Curing: After the ceramsite is autoclaved, the trolley is moved out of the autoclave to the curing area for curing. The curing time is 24 hours and the cylinder pressure strength is 6.9 MPa. (8) Screening: The ceramsite that meets the curing standards is transported to the drum screen for screening via a belt conveyor and a bucket elevator. The screened ceramsite is then transported to the silo via a belt conveyor to form finished ceramsite products.

2. The method for producing ceramsite without burning solid waste such as fly ash and slag according to claim 1, characterized in that : In step (1), the main chemical components of fly ash are as follows: SiO2: 40-70%, Al2O3: 20-30%, Fe2O3: 2-20%, CaO: 0.5-10% by mass; the main chemical components of carbide slag are as follows: Ca(OH)2: 80-85%, CaCO3: 7-8%, SiO2: 1.8-3%, Al2O3: 0.5-2% by mass; the main chemical components of gasified slag and furnace slag are as follows: the main component SiO2 : 30-50%, Al2O3: 10%-30%, Fe2O3: 5-15%, CaO: 5-25%; the main chemical components of slag are as follows by mass: SiO2: 25-50%, Al2O3: 8%-32%, Fe2O3: 4-16%, CaO: 6-25%; the main chemical components of sludge are as follows by mass: SiO2: 10-30%, Al2O3: 5%-15%, Fe2O3: 2-10%, CaO: 1.5-10%.

3. The method for producing ceramsite without burning solid waste such as fly ash and slag according to claim 1, characterized in that : In step (2), the mass percentage of fly ash is 30-55%, the mass percentage of carbide slag is 10-25%, the mass percentage of gasified slag or furnace slag is 5-15%, the mass percentage of slag is 8-30%, and the mass percentage of sludge is 3-12%; The raw materials enter the ball mill for grinding and powdering, the output particle size is 250-400 mesh, and the feed moisture is ≤5%.

4. The method for producing ceramsite without burning solid waste such as fly ash and slag according to claim 1, characterized in that : In step (3), each stirring time is not less than 10 minutes to ensure the uniformity of the five raw materials. During the stirring process, the added activator solution accounts for 8-15% of the mass, and the activator concentration is controlled at 3-5%.

5. The method for producing ceramsite without burning solid waste such as fly ash and slag according to claim 1, characterized in that : In step (4), the disc granulator controls the output by adjusting the inclination angle, which can be adjusted to 35-55°. When the disc granulator is working, according to the process conditions, spray an appropriate amount of water into the granulator, and the water replenishment amount is 1-3%.

6. The method for producing ceramsite without burning solid waste such as fly ash and slag according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (6), the temperature is maintained at 160°C, specifically: heating from 0 to 107 minutes at a heating rate of 1.5°C / min, keeping warm and steaming from 107 to 680 minutes, cooling from 680 to 720 minutes at a cooling rate of 4°C / min.

7. The method for producing ceramsite without burning solid waste such as fly ash and slag according to claim 1, characterized in that : In step (8), the screening specifications are 1.18-4.75mm, 4.75-9.5mm, and 9.5-19mm.

8. An apparatus for producing ceramsite without burning by using solid wastes such as fly ash and slag as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: : The discharge port of each silo is connected with the feed port of the ball mill through a weighing scale, the discharge port of the ball mill is connected with the feed port of the buffer bin, the discharge port of the buffer bin is connected with the feed port of the mixer through a weighing scale, the discharge port of the mixer is connected with the feed port of the intermediate bin, the discharge port of the intermediate bin is connected with the feed port of the disc granulator through a belt scale and a belt conveyor, the discharge port of the disc granulator is connected with the feed port of the coating machine through a belt conveyor, the tail end of the coating machine is provided with a screen, the unqualified ceramsite is returned to the crushing and granulation, the qualified ceramsite enters the autoclave for autoclaving, after the ceramsite is autoclaved, it is transported to the curing area for curing, the ceramsite that meets the curing standards is transported to the drum screen for screening by a belt conveyor and a bucket elevator, the screened ceramsite is transported to the silo by a belt conveyor to form the finished ceramsite product.

9. The method for producing ceramsite without burning solid waste such as fly ash and slag according to claim 8, characterized in that : The ball mill is provided with a unique exhaust device, which includes: a cyclone dust collector, a manual gate valve, a heavy hammer air lock valve and a scraper conveyor. The inlet of the exhaust device is connected to the outlet of the ball mill, the lower part is connected to the heavy hammer air lock valve, the upper part is connected to the inlet of the high-efficiency cyclone dust collector, the discharge port of the high-efficiency cyclone dust collector is connected to the manual gate valve, the cyclone outlet is connected to the frequency conversion fan, the heavy hammer air lock valve and the manual gate valve are connected to the scraper conveyor through a chute, which can continuously transport materials, and a screen is provided in the exhaust device.

10. The method for producing ceramsite without burning solid waste such as fly ash and slag according to claim 8, wherein : The mixer includes a base, a rotating drum, a first rotating device, a stirring shaft, a second rotating device, a discharge port, a feeding port, a dust extraction port, and a spraying port; the lower end of the rotating drum is rotatably connected to the base and can rotate by being driven by the first rotating device, the lower end of the stirring shaft is located in the rotating drum, and the upper end of the stirring shaft is connected to the second rotating device, the lower end of the rotating drum is provided with the discharge port, the upper end of the rotating drum is provided with a barrel cover, the barrel cover is connected to the vertical frame on the base, and the barrel cover is respectively provided with the feeding port, dust extraction port and spraying port; during the rotation process, the internal rotor and rotating drum will rotate simultaneously. Through frequency conversion speed regulation, the rotor speed can reach: 312r / min, and the rotating drum speed can reach 23r / min, so that the material forms a multi-dimensional space flow field in the barrel, so that the material mixing is more uniform, and the discharge port of the mixer is hydraulically controlled to reduce the failure rate. Compared with traditional pneumatic and electric valves, it has better sealing and no water leakage or material leakage.

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