Discharging and fixing collaborative supporting method and structure for improving roadway supporting capacity

Abstract

The unloading and fixing collaborative supporting method comprises the steps that a flexible deformation material is embedded into the concave face of a U-shaped shed, the face, making contact with a roadway, of the U-shaped shed is completely covered with the flexible material, and the covering thickness can be determined according to the specific working condition of a mine; starting to erect a U-shaped shed according to the interval designed by the support, and enabling the flexible deformation material to be in full contact with the wall surface of the roadway; anchor rods (cables) are arranged in the interval of the U-shaped shed to be matched with the U-shaped shed to form an active and passive combined supporting system, in the construction process of the anchor rods (cables), the contact faces of anchor rod (cable) trays and the roadway are filled with the flexible deformable materials, and it is guaranteed that the supporting system can make full contact with the wall face of the roadway all the time in the deformation process of the roadway. When the support system is uniformly loaded, partial surrounding rock pressure is unloaded by utilizing the deformation characteristic of the flexible material.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mine tunnel support, and in particular to a method and structure for unloading and coordinating support for improving tunnel support capacity. Background Art

[0002] During a mine's operating life, existing tunnels are repeatedly subjected to mining disturbance loads due to the excavation of nearby new tunnels and the extraction of ore resources. Under the influence of these disturbance loads, the existing tunnel surrounding rock undergoes irregular deformations such as local extrusion and depression, causing the steel arches and anchor (cable) trays to be subjected to local point loads instead of uniform surface loads. The uneven loads cause stress concentrations in certain areas of the steel arches and anchor (cable) trays, often leading to localized failure of the steel arches and anchors (cables) in these stress concentration areas, resulting in a loss of overall bearing capacity.

[0003] In summary, the present invention designs a method and structure for unloading and coordinating support to improve the tunnel support capacity. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the existing technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and structure for unloading and coordinating support to improve the support capacity of the tunnel. The tunnel surrounding rock undergoes irregular deformation under the influence of mining loads, and the tunnel surrounding rock and the supporting structure can be in a coordinated deformation state.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: a method for unloading and coordinating support to improve the support capacity of a roadway, comprising the following steps:

[0006] 1. Embedding the flexible deformable material into the rigid support material: First, embed the flexible deformable material into the concave surface of the rigid support material so that the contact surface between the rigid support material and the roadway is completely covered by the flexible material with a covering thickness of 5-15 cm;

[0007] 2. Erection of unloading and coordinating support structure: Erection of unloading and coordinating support structure shall be started according to the spacing of support design. During the erection process, the flexible deformable material shall be in full contact with the tunnel wall;

[0008] 3. Active and passive combined support system: Anchor rods or cables are used to provide support within the spacing of the unloading and solidification coordinated support structure to form an active and passive combined support system;

[0009] 4. Flexible material filling during anchor rod or anchor cable construction: During the construction of anchor rods or anchor cables, flexible deformable materials are also used to fill the contact surface between the anchor rod or anchor cable tray and the tunnel to ensure that the support system can always fully contact the tunnel wall during the deformation of the tunnel.

[0010] Preferably, the support structure in step 3 is a steel arch frame or a steel tube concrete support, etc.

[0011] Preferably, the form of the rigid support material can be selected according to the needs. When the requirements for the rigid support material are low, the rigid support material can be a U-shaped shed. When the requirements for the rigid support material are high, the rigid support material can be a steel tube concrete arch frame.

[0012] As a preference, the corresponding active support method can be selected according to the specific working conditions. When the requirements for active support are low, anchor rods can be used for support. When the requirements for active support are high, anchor cables can be used for support.

[0013] A unloading and solidification cooperative support structure for improving the tunnel support capacity comprises a flexible deformable material in contact with the surrounding rock, and a rigid support material serving as a supporting main body material is arranged below the flexible deformable material.

[0014] Preferably, the flexible deformable material is a highly elastic deformable material such as rubber.

[0015] Preferably, the rigid support material adopts a U-shaped shed or a steel tube concrete anchor rod and cable structure.

[0016] Preferably, the steel tube concrete anchor rod and anchor cable structure comprises a tray and an anchor rod (anchor cable), wherein the anchor rod passes through the surrounding rock and the flexible and deformable material below the surrounding rock and is fixed by the tray.

[0017] Preferably, the flexible deformable material is embedded in or wrapped on the surface of the rigid support material, and the flexible deformable material and the rigid support material are bonded together by a modified epoxy resin adhesive.

[0018] Preferably, the thickness of the surrounding rock and the rigid support material is 3-15 cm.

[0019] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The present invention adopts a combined unloading and coordinated support structure composed of a rigid support material and a flexible deformable material. When supporting a tunnel, the presence of the flexible deformable material can ensure that the support structure can be in close contact with the tunnel surrounding rock. While evenly transferring the surrounding rock pressure to the rigid bearing structure, it can also allow the surrounding rock to deform to a certain extent. By utilizing the deformation characteristics of the flexible material, part of the surrounding rock pressure is unloaded, and a unloading and coordinated support system is formed with the rigid support material to improve the bearing capacity of the support system. At the same time, the unloading and coordinated support structure composed of a combination of the rigid support material and the flexible deformable material can, to a certain extent, prevent or even eliminate the situation where the local irregular deformation of the tunnel surrounding rock caused by the action of the disturbance load causes local damage to the support structure, resulting in the overall loss of bearing capacity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments;

[0021] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a unloading and fixing cooperative supporting structure composed of a flexible deformable material and a U-shaped shed of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the unloading and fixing coordinated support structure composed of the flexible deformable material and the anchor rod (cable) of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a tunnel supported by a reinforced unloading cooperative support structure composed of a flexible deformable material and a U-shaped shed according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a tunnel supported by a coordinated unloading support structure composed of a flexible deformable material and anchor rods (cables) of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easier to understand, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0026] Reference Figure 1-4 , this specific embodiment adopts the following technical solution: a method for unloading and coordinating support to improve the tunnel support capacity, comprising the following steps:

[0027] 1. Embed flexible deformable material within rigid support material: First, embed the flexible deformable material within the concave surface of the U-shaped shed, so that the contact surface between the U-shaped shed and the roadway is completely covered by the flexible material. The recommended cover thickness is 5-15cm, and the specific cover thickness can be determined according to the specific working conditions of the mine.

[0028] 2. Erection of unloading coordinated support structure: Start to erect the unloading coordinated support structure according to the spacing of the support design. During the erection process, the flexible deformable material should be in full contact with the tunnel wall.

[0029] 3. Active and passive combined support system: Anchor rods or anchor cables can be used to support the structure within the spacing of the unloading and solidification coordinated support structure to form an active and passive combined support system;

[0030] 4. Flexible material filling in anchor rod (cable) construction: During the construction of anchor rods or anchor cables, flexible deformable materials are also used to fill the contact surface between the anchor rod or anchor cable tray and the tunnel to ensure that the support system can always fully contact the tunnel wall during the deformation of the tunnel.

[0031] A unloading and solidification cooperative support structure for improving tunnel support capacity includes a flexible deformable material 2 in contact with surrounding rock 1, and a rigid support material as a supporting main body material is arranged below the flexible deformable material 2.

[0032] It is worth noting that the flexible deformable material 2 is made of highly elastic deformable material such as rubber.

[0033] It is worth noting that the rigid support material is a U-shaped shed 31 or a steel tube concrete anchor rod and cable structure.

[0034] It is worth noting that the steel tube concrete anchor cable structure includes a tray 32 and an anchor rod 33 . The anchor rod 33 passes through the surrounding rock and the flexible deformable material 2 below the surrounding rock and is fixed by the tray 32 .

[0035] It is worth noting that the flexible deformable material 2 is embedded in or wrapped on the surface of the rigid support material, and the flexible deformable material 2 and the rigid support material are bonded together by a modified epoxy resin adhesive.

[0036] In addition, the thickness of the surrounding rock 1 and the rigid support material is 3-15 cm, and the specific thickness can be determined according to actual needs.

[0037] The support method of this specific embodiment adopts a combination of deformable flexible materials and rigid support materials to support the tunnel. Figure 3 and Figure 4 The specific implementation steps are as follows: embed the flexible deformable material in the concave surface of the U-shaped shed so that the contact surface between the U-shaped shed and the lane is completely covered by the flexible material. Figure 1 As shown, the recommended covering thickness is 5-15cm. The specific covering thickness can be determined according to the specific working conditions of the mine. After the unloading and solidification cooperative supporting structure is processed, the unloading and solidification cooperative supporting structure is erected according to the spacing of the support design. During the erection of the supporting structure, the flexible deformable material should be fully in contact with the tunnel wall. Figure 3 As shown. The support structure can be supported by unloading anchor rods (cables) within the spacing of the support structure to form an active and passive combined support system. During the construction of anchor rods (cables), flexible deformable materials are also used to fill the contact surface between the anchor rod (cable) tray and the roadway (such as Figure 2 During the construction process, it should be ensured that the flexible deformable material can always be in full contact with the tunnel wall. The schematic diagram of the tunnel support structure composed of the flexible deformable material and the anchor rod (cable) is shown as follows. Figure 4 shown.

[0038] The basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention are shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed in the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for unloading and coordinating support to improve tunnel support capacity, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Embedding the flexible deformable material into the rigid support material: First, embed the flexible deformable material into the concave surface of the rigid support material so that the contact surface between the rigid support material and the roadway is completely covered by the flexible material with a covering thickness of 5-15 cm; (2) Erection of unloading and coordinating support structure: Erection of unloading and coordinating support structure shall be started according to the spacing of support design. During the erection process, the flexible deformable material shall be in full contact with the tunnel wall; (3) Active and passive combined support system: Anchor rods or cables are used to support the structure within the spacing of the unloading and solidification coordinated support structure to form an active and passive combined support system; (4) Flexible material filling during anchor rod or anchor cable construction: During the construction of anchor rods or anchor cables, flexible deformable materials are also used to fill the contact surface between the anchor rod or anchor cable tray and the tunnel to ensure that the support system can always fully contact the tunnel wall during the deformation of the tunnel.

2. A solid-unloading cooperative support structure for improving tunnel support capacity, characterized in that: It comprises a flexible deformable material (2) in contact with the surrounding rock (1), and a rigid supporting material serving as a supporting main body material is arranged below the flexible deformable material (2).

3. The unloading and coordinating support structure for improving the tunnel support capacity according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The flexible deformable material (2) is made of rubber.

4. The unloading and coordinating support structure for improving the tunnel support capacity according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The rigid supporting material adopts a U-shaped shed (31) or a steel tube concrete anchor rod and cable structure.

5. The unloading and coordinating support structure for improving tunnel support capacity according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The steel tube concrete anchor rod and cable structure comprises a tray (32) and an anchor rod (33). The anchor rod (33) passes through the surrounding rock and the flexible and variable material (2) below the surrounding rock and is fixed by the tray (32).

6. The unloading and coordinating support structure for improving the tunnel support capacity according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The anchor rod (33) can be an anchor cable.

7. The unloading and coordinating support structure for improving tunnel support capacity according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The flexible deformable material (2) is embedded in or wrapped on the surface of the rigid support material, and the flexible deformable material (2) and the rigid support material are bonded together by a modified epoxy resin adhesive.

8. The unloading and coordinating support structure for improving tunnel support capacity according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The thickness of the surrounding rock (1) and the rigid support material is 3-15 cm.

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