Ultra-low oxygen burner for boiler

Abstract

The invention discloses an ultralow-oxygen burner for a boiler, and relates to the technical field of burners. The combustor comprises a combustion chamber, a heat exchange body and an outer shell, and rotary stratified combustion of fuel and air is achieved through a combustion segmentation annular plate and fuel and air inlets formed in the tangential direction, a low-oxygen environment is formed, and generation of nitric oxide is restrained. The heated rods, the heat exchange rods and the heated pieces recover heat in a multi-stage mode, the vapor chamber preheats air, the outer shell heats fuel, and the heat efficiency is improved. The waste gas driving gas wheel is linked with the pressurization driving gas wheel, air supply is maintained through waste gas power, and energy self-sufficiency is achieved. The first and second electric control valves accurately control the mixing ratio, and the combustion process is optimized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of burners, in particular to an ultra-low oxygen burner for a boiler. Background Art

[0002] Most existing boiler burners use the traditional high-oxygen combustion method, which usually directly mixes the fuel and air through a single fuel inlet and air inlet and then ignites them. The combustion process proceeds disorderly in the combustion chamber. In this design, the mixing ratio of fuel and air is difficult to accurately control, resulting in incomplete combustion and low thermal efficiency. At the same time, in a high-oxygen environment, the flame temperature is high, and the nitrogen and oxygen in the air easily react to form nitrogen oxides, causing serious air pollution. In addition, the heat transfer of traditional burners mainly relies on a single heat exchange device, the waste heat recovery of the exhaust gas is insufficient, a large amount of heat is lost with the exhaust, and the energy utilization rate is low. Air and fuel usually enter the combustion chamber directly without preheating, which limits the combustion efficiency. In addition, the operation of the equipment relies on an external power source, lacks energy self-sufficiency, and has high operating costs. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an ultra-low oxygen burner for a boiler, comprising a combustion chamber, wherein a plurality of combustion split ring plates are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the combustion chamber at equal distances along its own axial direction, and a plurality of fuel inlets and a plurality of air inlets connected to the interior of the combustion chamber are fixedly installed on the outer surface of the combustion chamber along its own tangential direction, wherein the position between every two combustion split ring plates corresponds to a fuel inlet and an air inlet, and the fuel inlet and the air inlet are used to supply fuel and air to the interior of the combustion chamber so that the fuel and air can rotate along the inner wall of the combustion chamber; a plurality of heating rods are arranged inside the combustion chamber, and the top ends of all the heating rods are fixedly connected to the heat exchange body, and a heat exchange rod is also provided at the axial center position of the combustion chamber for absorbing and transferring heat generated by fuel combustion.

[0004] Preferably, a combustion exhaust hood is fixedly connected to the top of the combustion chamber, which is coaxially arranged on the outside of the heat exchanger, and a plurality of heat-receiving plates arranged in a circular equidistant array are fixedly installed between the outer surface of the heat exchanger and the inner wall of the combustion exhaust hood; wherein the top end of the heat exchange rod is fixedly connected to the top of the heat exchanger through a sealing cover in a manner that is easy to disassemble.

[0005] Preferably, the outer side of the combustion chamber is provided with an external shell, the outer surface of the combustion exhaust hood is fixedly provided with a heat-conducting sealing cover, the heat-conducting sealing cover is fixedly and sealedly installed on the top of the external shell, and a plurality of heat-conducting fins are arranged in a circular equidistant array on the inner wall of the external shell. The outside of the combustion chamber is surrounded by the same number of fuel delivery pipes as the fuel inlet, one end of the fuel delivery pipe extends to the outside of the external shell, and the other end of the fuel delivery pipe is fixedly connected to the fuel inlet.

[0006] Preferably, each air inlet is fixedly connected to an air distribution pipe, and the air distribution pipe extends to the outside of the external shell at one end away from the air inlet. The air distribution pipe and the fuel delivery pipe are respectively installed in series with a first electric regulating valve and a second electric regulating valve. The first electric regulating valve and the second electric regulating valve are used to control the fluid flow inside the air distribution pipe and the fuel delivery pipe.

[0007] Preferably, all air distribution ducts are located at one end outside the external shell and fixedly connected to the interior of the air supply distribution chamber. The top opening of the air supply distribution chamber is rotatably mounted with a boost drive air wheel. The top of the air supply distribution chamber is fixedly and sealed with an air intake hood. The other end of the air intake hood is located on the outer surface of the heat-conductive sealing hood, and a heat spreader is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the heat-conductive sealing hood. The heat spreader is arranged inside the air intake hood.

[0008] Preferably, an exhaust guide hood is fixedly and sealedly installed on the top of the combustion exhaust hood, and the exhaust guide hood is sleeved on the outer surface of the heat exchanger so that the combustion exhaust hood is connected to the inside of the exhaust guide hood. An exhaust pipe is also fixedly connected on the exhaust guide hood.

[0009] Preferably, the exhaust pipe is coaxially arranged with the air supply distribution chamber, an exhaust gas drive air wheel is rotatably mounted inside the exhaust pipe, a gearbox is also fixedly mounted overhead on the exhaust duct cover, the input shaft of the gearbox extends to the inside of the exhaust pipe and is fixedly matched with the exhaust gas drive air wheel, and the output shaft of the gearbox extends to the inside of the air supply distribution chamber and is fixedly matched with the boost drive air wheel.

[0010] Preferably, a drive motor is fixedly mounted on the housing of the gearbox, a drive gear is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the drive motor, and a drive sprocket engaged with the drive gear is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the gearbox.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: (1) The present invention forms a naturally oxygen-thin area by rotating and stratifying the fuel and air, thereby reducing the flame temperature and oxygen concentration and effectively inhibiting the process of nitrogen and oxygen reacting to form nitrogen oxides at high temperature. Compared with the high-oxygen combustion of traditional burners, the present device can achieve low pollution emissions without additional intervention, reduce the generation of atmospheric pollutants, and meet environmental protection requirements; (2) The heating rod and heat exchange rod arranged inside the combustion chamber of the present invention directly absorb the combustion heat and transfer it to the heat exchange body, and the coordinated design of the heating plate and the combustion exhaust hood further recovers the waste heat of the exhaust gas. At the same time, the heat plate uses the exhaust heat to preheat the air entering the air supply distribution chamber, and the heat-conducting fins and heat-conducting medium of the external shell preheat the fuel. This multi-level heat recovery and transfer mechanism significantly improves the overall thermal efficiency and reduces heat loss; (3) The present invention uses the linkage design of the exhaust gas drive turbine and the supercharged drive turbine. The exhaust gas flow generated by the combustion drives the turbine to rotate, driving the air supercharged system to operate. When the exhaust gas pressure is sufficient, the drive motor can stop working and rely on the exhaust gas power to maintain the system operation. This energy self-sufficiency mechanism reduces dependence on external energy sources; (4) The present invention independently controls the fuel delivery pipe and the air distribution pipe, and uses the first electric regulating valve and the second electric regulating valve to accurately adjust the mixing ratio of fuel and air to ensure the optimal combustion state of the fuel in the combustion chamber. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0013] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the exhaust gas driven turbine of the present invention.

[0014] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the air distribution pipeline of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the fuel delivery pipe of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the combustion chamber structure of the present invention.

[0017] In the figure: 101-air supply distribution chamber; 102-exhaust deflection cover; 103-exhaust pipe; 104-heat-conducting sealing cover; 105-heat-spreading plate; 106-intake deflection cover; 107-driving gear; 108-driving motor; 109-driving gear plate; 110-air distribution pipe; 111-sealing cover; 112-external shell; 113-exhaust drive turbine; 114-gearbox; 115-boost drive turbine; 116-heat exchange body; 117-first electric regulating valve; 118-fuel delivery pipe; 119-heat exchange rod; 120-heat receiving plate; 121-combustion exhaust cover; 122-combustion chamber; 123-combustion split ring plate; 124-heat receiving rod; 125-fuel inlet; 126-air inlet; 127-heat-conducting fin; 128-second electric regulating valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following is combined with Figure 1-Figure 5 , and further illustrate the technical solution of the present invention through specific implementation methods.

[0019] The present invention provides an ultra-low oxygen burner for a boiler, comprising a combustion chamber 122, wherein the inner wall of the combustion chamber 122 is fixedly installed with a plurality of combustion segmentation ring plates 123 at equal intervals along its own axial direction, and the outer surface of the combustion chamber 122 is fixedly installed with a plurality of fuel inlets 125 and a plurality of air inlets 126 connected to the interior of the combustion chamber 122 along its own tangential direction, wherein the position between every two combustion segmentation ring plates 123 corresponds to a fuel inlet 125 and an air inlet 126, and the fuel inlet 125 and the air inlet 126 are used to supply fuel and air to the interior of the combustion chamber 122, so that the fuel and air can rotate along the inner wall of the combustion chamber 122; a plurality of heating rods 124 are arranged inside the combustion chamber 122, and the top ends of all the heating rods 124 are fixedly connected to the heat exchange body 116, and the axial center position of the combustion chamber 122 is also provided with a heat exchange rod 119 for absorbing and transferring heat generated by fuel combustion. A combustion exhaust hood 121 is fixedly mounted on the top of the combustion chamber 122. The combustion exhaust hood 121 is coaxially arranged on the outside of the heat exchanger 116. A plurality of heat-absorbing fins 120 arranged in a circular, equidistant array are fixedly mounted between the outer surface of the heat exchanger 116 and the inner wall of the combustion exhaust hood 121. The top end of the heat exchange rod 119 is fixedly connected to the top of the heat exchanger 116 via a sealing cap 111 in a manner that is easily removable. An outer shell 112 is sheathed around the outside of the combustion chamber 122. A heat-conducting sealing hood 104 is fixedly sheathed on the outer surface of the combustion exhaust hood 121. The heat-conducting sealing hood 104 is fixedly and sealedly mounted on the top of the outer shell 112. A plurality of heat-conducting fins 127 are arranged in a circular, equidistant array on the inner wall of the outer shell 112. The same number of fuel delivery pipes 118 as the fuel inlet 125 are arranged around the outside of the combustion chamber 122. One end of the fuel delivery pipe 118 extends to the outside of the outer shell 112, and the other end of the fuel delivery pipe 118 is fixedly connected to the fuel inlet 125. Each air inlet 126 is fixedly connected to an air distribution duct 110. The end of the air distribution duct 110, away from the air inlet 126, extends to the outside of the outer shell 112. A first electric regulating valve 117 and a second electric regulating valve 128 are respectively installed in series on the air distribution duct 110 and the fuel delivery pipe 118. The first and second electric regulating valves 117 and 128 are used to control the fluid flow within the air distribution duct 110 and the fuel delivery pipe 118. All air distribution ducts 110 are fixedly connected to the interior of the air supply and distribution chamber 101 at one end located outside the outer shell 112. A supercharged drive impeller 115 is rotatably mounted on the top opening of the air supply and distribution chamber 101. An air intake shroud 106 is fixedly and sealedly mounted on the top of the air supply and distribution chamber 101. The other end of the air intake shroud 106 is located on the outer surface of the heat-conductive sealing cover 104. A heat sink 105 is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the heat-conductive sealing cover 104 and is located inside the air intake shroud 106.An exhaust hood 102 is fixedly and sealedly mounted on the top of the combustion exhaust hood 121. Exhaust hood 102 is sleeved onto the outer surface of the heat exchanger 116, connecting the combustion exhaust hood 121 to the interior of the exhaust hood 102. An exhaust pipe 103 is also fixedly mounted on the exhaust hood 102. Exhaust pipe 103 is coaxially arranged with the air supply and distribution chamber 101. An exhaust gas drive turbine 113 is rotatably mounted within exhaust pipe 103. A gearbox 114 is also fixedly mounted overhead on the exhaust hood 102. The input shaft of gearbox 114 extends into the interior of exhaust pipe 103 and is fixedly mated to the exhaust gas drive turbine 113. The output shaft of gearbox 114 extends into the interior of the air supply and distribution chamber 101 and is fixedly mated to the supercharged drive turbine 115. A driving motor 108 is fixedly mounted on the housing of the gearbox 114 , a driving gear 107 is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the driving motor 108 , and a driving gear plate 109 meshing with the driving gear 107 is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the gearbox 114 .

[0020] The working principle of an ultra-low oxygen burner for a boiler disclosed in the present invention is as follows: a fuel delivery pipe 118 is connected to fuel (fuel with pressure), and the fuel enters the interior of the combustion chamber 122 through the fuel delivery pipe 118 (providing multiple fuel delivery pipes 118 can distribute the fuel more evenly to the combustion chamber 122, or use multiple fuels, all of which can be independently controlled, and the opening and closing degrees of each first electric regulating valve 117 and second electric regulating valve 128 can be independently controlled), and enters the interior of the combustion chamber 122 along the tangent of the inner wall of the combustion chamber 122 (the position between the two combustion dividing ring plates 123), and at the same time, the drive motor 108 is started, and the output shaft of the drive motor 108 drives the drive gear 107 to rotate, and the rotation of the drive gear 107 drives the drive gear plate 109 to rotate, and the rotation of the drive gear plate 109 drives the output shaft of the gearbox 114 to rotate, and at the same time, the supercharged drive turbine 115 rotates together, and the rotation of the supercharged drive turbine 115 drives the external air to supply air to the interior of the distribution chamber 101 (through the air intake guide cover 106 enters the air supply distribution chamber 101), the air supply distribution chamber 101 sends air into the air distribution pipe 110, and then enters the combustion chamber 122 to mix with the fuel for combustion (the mixing ratio is adjusted and controlled by the opening and closing degree of the first electric control valve 117 and the second electric control valve 128). At this time, the fuel in the combustion chamber 122 can be ignited (by providing an ignition device inside the combustion chamber 122, such as an electric ignition), and the fuel and air will rotate on the inner wall of the combustion chamber 122. During the rotation, the fuel will move along the inner wall of the combustion chamber 122 because its own mass is greater than that of the air. The light air will be located at the axial position of the combustion chamber 122, forming a natural oxygen-lean area and a fuel-rich area. At this time, low-oxygen combustion can be achieved without external intervention (in high-temperature combustion, nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2) in the air will react to produce nitrogen oxides, which is one of the main sources of air pollution. Low-oxygen combustion suppresses the formation of nitrogen oxides by reducing the oxygen concentration and flame temperature).The heat generated by combustion will be absorbed by the heat exchange rod 119 and the heat receiving rod 124. At the same time, the heat receiving rod 124 and the heat exchange rod 119 are used to connect to an external heating unit (such as a boiler or a device requiring heat). The gas generated by combustion will pass through the heat receiving plate 120, and heat the heat receiving plate 120 and the heat exchange body 116 again. The exhaust gas is guided into the exhaust guide cover 102 through the combustion exhaust cover 121, and then discharged through the exhaust pipe 103 (harmful gases need to be treated before being discharged into the atmosphere). When the exhaust gas flows in the exhaust pipe 103, it will drive the exhaust gas drive turbine 113 to rotate, and the exhaust gas drive turbine 113 drives the input shaft of the gearbox 114 to rotate, and the output shaft of the gearbox 114 drives the boost drive turbine 11 5 rotates (the drive motor 108 can be stopped at this time, depending on the pressure of the exhaust gas from the exhaust pipe 103. When the whole body has sufficient power to drive the exhaust gas drive turbine 113 to rotate, the drive motor 108 can be stopped). The rotation of the supercharged drive turbine 115 will drive the external air through the heat spreader 105 into the air supply distribution chamber 101, and then be distributed to multiple air distribution pipes 110. In this process, the air will take away the heat from the heat spreader 105, thereby preheating the air sucked into the air intake guide cover 106 and the air supply distribution chamber 101. The heat of the heat spreader 105 comes from the transfer of heat from the combustion exhaust cover 121 and the heat-conducting sealing cover 104, which causes the temperature of the heat spreader 105 to rise. At the same time, the combustion of fuel inside the combustion chamber 122 will also heat the combustion chamber 122 itself, and the combustion chamber 122 will heat the liquid inside the external shell 112 (water or other heat-conducting medium is provided inside the external shell 112). The heated water heats the fuel delivery pipe 118, thereby preheating the fuel entering the combustion chamber 122, thereby improving the combustion efficiency of the fuel. The temperature heated by the heat-conducting sealing cover 104 will also be transferred to the concave heat-conducting fins 127.

Claims

1. An ultra-low oxygen burner for a boiler, characterized by: The combustion chamber (122) comprises a plurality of combustion segmentation ring plates (123) fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the combustion chamber (122) at equal intervals along its axial direction, and a plurality of fuel inlets (125) and a plurality of air inlets (126) in communication with the interior of the combustion chamber (122) fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the combustion chamber (122) along its tangential direction, wherein a fuel inlet (125) and an air inlet (126) are located between every two combustion segmentation ring plates (123), and the fuel inlet (125) and the air inlet (126) are used to supply fuel and air to the interior of the combustion chamber (122), so that the fuel and air can rotate along the inner wall of the combustion chamber (122); A plurality of heating rods (124) are provided inside the combustion chamber (122), and the top ends of all the heating rods (124) are fixedly connected to the heat exchange body (116). A heat exchange rod (119) is also provided at the axial center of the combustion chamber (122) for absorbing and transferring heat generated by fuel combustion.

2. The ultra-low oxygen burner for a boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: A combustion exhaust hood (121) is fixedly connected to the top of the combustion chamber (122), and the combustion exhaust hood (121) is coaxially arranged on the outside of the heat exchanger (116). A plurality of heat receiving fins (120) arranged in a circular equidistant array are fixedly installed between the outer surface of the heat exchanger (116) and the inner wall of the combustion exhaust hood (121); wherein the top end of the heat exchange rod (119) is fixedly connected to the top of the heat exchanger (116) through the sealing cover (111) in a manner that is easy to disassemble.

3. The ultra-low oxygen burner for a boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer side of the combustion chamber (122) is provided with an outer shell (112), the outer surface of the combustion exhaust cover (121) is fixedly provided with a heat-conducting sealing cover (104), the heat-conducting sealing cover (104) is fixedly and sealedly mounted on the top of the outer shell (112), and a plurality of heat-conducting fins (127) are arranged in a circular equidistant array on the inner wall of the outer shell (112). The outer side of the combustion chamber (122) is surrounded by a fuel delivery pipe (118) having the same number as the fuel inlet (125), one end of the fuel delivery pipe (118) extends to the outside of the outer shell (112), and the other end of the fuel delivery pipe (118) is fixedly connected to the fuel inlet (125).

4. The ultra-low oxygen burner for a boiler according to claim 3, characterized in that: An air distribution pipe (110) is fixedly connected to each air inlet (126). One end of the air distribution pipe (110) away from the air inlet (126) extends to the outside of the outer shell (112). A first electric regulating valve (117) and a second electric regulating valve (128) are respectively installed in series on the air distribution pipe (110) and the fuel delivery pipe (118). The first electric regulating valve (117) and the second electric regulating valve (128) are used to control the flow of fluid inside the air distribution pipe (110) and the fuel delivery pipe (118).

5. The ultra-low oxygen burner for a boiler according to claim 4, characterized in that: All air distribution pipes (110) are located at one end outside the outer shell (112) and are fixedly connected to the inside of the air supply distribution chamber (101). The top opening of the air supply distribution chamber (101) is rotatably mounted with a boost drive air wheel (115). The top of the air supply distribution chamber (101) is fixedly and sealed with an air intake hood (106). The other end of the air intake hood (106) is located at the outer surface of the heat-conducting sealing hood (104), and a heat-spreading plate (105) is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the heat-conducting sealing hood (104). The heat-spreading plate (105) is arranged inside the air intake hood (106).

6. The ultra-low oxygen burner for a boiler according to claim 5, characterized in that: An exhaust guide hood (102) is fixedly and sealedly installed on the top of the combustion exhaust hood (121). The exhaust guide hood (102) is sleeved on the outer surface of the heat exchange body (116) so that the combustion exhaust hood (121) is connected to the interior of the exhaust guide hood (102). An exhaust pipe (103) is also fixedly connected to the exhaust guide hood (102).

7. The ultra-low oxygen burner for a boiler according to claim 6, characterized in that: The exhaust pipe (103) is coaxially arranged with the air supply distribution chamber (101), an exhaust gas driving air wheel (113) is rotatably mounted inside the exhaust pipe (103), a gearbox (114) is also fixedly mounted overhead on the exhaust guide cover (102), an input shaft of the gearbox (114) extends into the exhaust pipe (103) and is fixedly engaged with the exhaust gas driving air wheel (113), and an output shaft of the gearbox (114) extends into the air supply distribution chamber (101) and is fixedly engaged with the supercharged driving air wheel (115).

8. The ultra-low oxygen burner for a boiler according to claim 7, characterized in that: A drive motor (108) is fixedly mounted on the housing of the gearbox (114), a drive gear (107) is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the drive motor (108), and a drive gear disc (109) meshing with the drive gear (107) is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the gearbox (114).

Images