Soil layer adjusting device in soil erosion simulation experiment

Abstract

The invention discloses a soil layer adjusting device in a soil erosion simulation experiment, which comprises a sealing box body, soil compaction equipment is arranged at the top end of the sealing box body, an experiment cavity, an equipment cavity and a control cavity are arranged in the sealing box body, and a spraying mechanism is arranged at the top end of the experiment cavity. The spraying mechanism comprises an annular main pipe, a plurality of groups of branch pipes and pressure type nozzles, a plurality of soil placement modules are slidably clamped and embedded in an inner cavity of the experiment cavity, a flow collecting groove is formed in the bottom end of the experiment cavity, a flow collecting vessel is arranged at the bottom end of the flow collecting groove, and an electric heating mechanism is arranged on the back of the inner cavity of the experiment cavity; a water storage tank, a water pump and a flow electromagnetic valve which are sequentially connected through pipelines are arranged in the equipment cavity. The height of the rubber corrugated sidebar is adjusted through the telescopic rod, and in combination with the replaceable soil placement module, rapid adjustment of the thickness of the soil layer is achieved; the compaction plate is provided with a pressure sensor and an electric push rod, so that the soil compaction degree can be accurately controlled, and the erosion response under different compaction conditions can be simulated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of soil and water conservation, and in particular to a soil layer regulating device in a soil erosion simulation experiment. Background Art

[0002] Soil erosion simulation is an important technical field for studying the mechanisms of soil and water loss and its prevention and control measures. Currently, most laboratory simulation devices use a fixed soil layer structure, which makes it difficult to dynamically adjust the soil thickness and density, limiting the accurate reproduction of different geological conditions. The sprinkler system has a single rainfall intensity and particle size, which deviates from the diversity of natural rainfall. Environmental parameters rely on manual control, and the degree of automation in data collection is low, resulting in insufficient experimental efficiency and repeatability. In existing technologies, although there have been some attempts at modular design, soil sample replacement is cumbersome, and there is a lack of integrated compaction control, environmental monitoring, and intelligent control functions, making it difficult to meet the needs of high-precision scientific research. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a soil layer regulating device in a soil erosion simulation experiment.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] The present invention provides a soil layer regulating device for a soil erosion simulation experiment, comprising:

[0006] A sealed box body, the top of which is provided with a soil compacting device,

[0007] The sealed box is provided with an experimental chamber, an equipment chamber and a control chamber. The top of the experimental chamber is provided with a spray mechanism, which includes a ring-shaped main pipe, multiple branch pipes and a pressure nozzle, and the spray particle size is adjustable from 1 to 5 mm. The inner cavity sliding card of the experimental chamber is embedded with multiple soil placement modules. The bottom end of the experimental chamber is provided with a collecting trough, and the bottom end of the collecting trough is provided with a confluence vessel, and the surface of the confluence vessel is provided with scale lines. The back of the inner cavity of the experimental chamber is provided with an electric heating mechanism;

[0008] The interior of the equipment cavity is provided with a water storage tank, a water pump and a flow solenoid valve which are sequentially connected by pipes, and the end of the pipe is connected to the spray mechanism;

[0009] A control host and a power supply are arranged in the control cavity, and a human-machine interaction interface and a brake button are arranged on the outer surface of the control cavity.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the soil compacting equipment includes a bracket, an electric push rod and a limiting frame. The bracket is installed at the top of the limiting frame, the electric push rod is installed in the middle of the bracket, and the bottom end of the electric push rod is connected to a compaction plate.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, limiting rods are installed at the four corners of the top of the compacting plate, and the limiting rods pass through the top plate of the bracket. The bottom end of the compacting plate is provided with a nitrile rubber coating, and the coating thickness is 3mm. A pressure sensor is provided on the bottom surface of the compacting plate.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the soil placement module includes a tray, a rubber corrugated sidebar, a top plate and a telescopic rod. Dovetail blocks are provided on both sides of the tray, and matching dovetail grooves are provided on both sides of the inner cavity of the experimental chamber. A plurality of micropores are opened on the surface of the tray, and the aperture of the micropores is 0.8-3 mm. The inner side of the tray is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the rubber corrugated sidebar, and the top end of the rubber corrugated sidebar is fixedly connected to the top plate. The four corners of the bottom end of the top plate are fixedly connected to the telescopic rod. By adjusting the height of the telescopic rod, the stretching height of the rubber corrugated sidebar is adjusted, and the height of the soil that the tray can accommodate can be adjusted. The internal volume of the tray matches the limiting frame.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the electric heating mechanism is an electric heating wire or an electric heating lamp, and the inner cavity of the experimental cavity is provided with a temperature sensor.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the inner cavity of the experimental cavity is provided with a plurality of stretchable spring wires, the ends of the stretchable spring wires are installed with humidity sensors, and the stretchable spring wires are gathered and passed through the control cavity and connected to the control host.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a sealed door is provided at the outer end of the experimental chamber, and the sealed door is provided with an observation window.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] 1: This invention uses a telescopic rod to adjust the height of the rubber corrugated siderail, combined with a replaceable soil placement module, to achieve rapid adjustment of the soil layer thickness; the compaction plate is equipped with a pressure sensor and an electric push rod, which can accurately control the soil compaction degree and simulate the erosion response under different density conditions.

[0018] 2: The spray mechanism of the present invention adopts a pressure nozzle, which is combined with a flow solenoid valve and a water pump to dynamically adjust the rainfall intensity and distribution, making it closer to the characteristics of natural rainfall. At the same time, the temperature and humidity sensor and electric heating mechanism are integrated in the experimental chamber, and combined with the control host to realize closed-loop control of temperature and humidity, ensuring stable experimental conditions. The stretchable spring wire design enables the sensor to penetrate into different depths of the soil, improving the comprehensiveness of data collection.

[0019] 3: The soil placement module of the present invention is installed by sliding through a dovetail groove, which is convenient for replacement; the collecting trough and the confluence vessel with scale lines facilitate quantitative analysis of runoff. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the sealed box of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the soil placement module of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 is a top view of the soil placement module of the present invention;

[0025] In the figure: 1. Sealed box; 2. Soil compaction equipment; 11. Experimental chamber; 12. Equipment chamber; 13. Control chamber; 14. Spraying mechanism; 15. Soil placement module; 16. Collecting trough; 17. Converging vessel; 18. Electric heating mechanism; 21. Bracket; 22. Electric push rod; 23. Limiting frame; 24. Compacting plate; 121. Water tank; 122. Water pump; 123. Flow solenoid valve; 151. Tray; 152. Rubber corrugated side rail; 153. Top plate; 154. Telescopic rod; 155. Micropore; 181. Temperature sensor; 182. Stretchable spring line; 183. Humidity sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] like Figure 1-4 As shown, the present invention provides a soil layer regulating device for a soil erosion simulation experiment, comprising:

[0029] Sealed box 1, the top of which is provided with soil compacting equipment 2,

[0030] The sealed box 1 is provided with an experimental chamber 11, an equipment chamber 12 and a control chamber 13. A spray mechanism 14 is provided at the top of the experimental chamber 11. The spray mechanism 14 includes a ring-shaped main pipe, multiple branch pipes and a pressure nozzle, and the spray particle size is adjustable from 1 to 5 mm. The inner cavity of the experimental chamber 11 is slidably embedded with multiple soil placement modules 15. The bottom end of the experimental chamber 11 is provided with a collecting trough 16. The bottom end of the collecting trough 16 is provided with a confluence vessel 17, and the surface of the confluence vessel 17 is provided with scale lines. The back of the inner cavity of the experimental chamber 11 is provided with an electric heating mechanism 18.

[0031] The interior of the equipment chamber 12 is provided with a water storage tank 121, a water pump 122 and a flow solenoid valve 123 which are sequentially connected by pipes, and the end of the pipe is connected to the spray mechanism 14;

[0032] A control host and a power supply are provided in the control cavity 13 , and a human-machine interaction interface and a brake button are provided on the outer surface of the control cavity 13 .

[0033] Furthermore, the soil compacting equipment 2 includes a bracket 21, an electric push rod 22 and a limiting frame 23. The bracket 21 is installed at the top of the limiting frame 23, the electric push rod 22 is installed in the middle of the bracket 21, and the bottom end of the electric push rod 22 is connected to a compacting plate 24.

[0034] Furthermore, limit rods are installed at the four corners of the top of the compacting plate 24, and the limit rods pass through the top plate of the bracket 21. The bottom end of the compacting plate 24 is provided with a nitrile rubber coating, and the coating thickness is 3mm. A pressure sensor is provided on the bottom surface of the compacting plate 24.

[0035] Furthermore, the soil placement module 15 includes a tray 151, a rubber corrugated sidebar 152, a top plate 153 and a telescopic rod 154. Dovetail blocks are provided on both sides of the tray 151, and matching dovetail grooves are provided on both sides of the inner cavity of the experimental chamber 11. A plurality of micropores 155 are opened on the surface of the tray 151, and the aperture of the micropores 155 is 0.8-3 mm. The inner side of the tray 151 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the rubber corrugated sidebar 152, and the top end of the rubber corrugated sidebar 152 is fixedly connected to the top plate 153. The four corners of the bottom end of the top plate 153 are fixedly connected to the telescopic rod 154. By adjusting the height of the telescopic rod 154, the stretching height of the rubber corrugated sidebar 152 can be adjusted, and the height of the soil that the tray 151 can accommodate can be adjusted. The tray 151 matches the internal volume of the limiting frame 23.

[0036] Furthermore, the electric heating mechanism 18 is an electric heating wire or an electric heating lamp, and the inner cavity of the experimental cavity 11 is provided with a temperature sensor 181

[0037] Furthermore, the inner cavity of the experimental chamber 11 is provided with a plurality of stretchable spring wires 182, the ends of which are provided with humidity sensors 183, and the stretchable spring wires 182 are gathered and run through the control chamber 13 and connected to the control host.

[0038] Furthermore, a sealed door is provided at the outer end of the experimental chamber 11, and an observation window is provided on the sealed door.

[0039] Specifically, the soil to be tested is placed in a tray 151. The rubber corrugated side rails 152 are extended to the desired height by adjusting the telescopic rod 154 and then locked to form soil layers of varying thicknesses, ranging from 5 to 30 cm. Tray 151 also features various pore sizes. The pore size of the micropores 155 on its surface is selected based on the soil type: 2-3 mm for sandy soil and 0.8-1.5 mm for clay.

[0040] Afterwards, the tray 151 is transferred into the limiting frame 23, and the soil compaction equipment 2 is activated. The electric push rod 22 is controlled to drive the compaction plate 24 downward. The pressure sensor provides real-time feedback of the pressure value to the control host. When the preset compaction degree is reached, the process stops, and the compaction time is recorded to ensure consistent soil density. The sealed door of the experimental chamber is opened, and the tray 151 is aligned with the dovetail groove of the experimental chamber 11 through the dovetail block and pushed into the chamber, ensuring that the soil placement module 15 is secure. Finally, the stretchable spring wire 182 is stretched, and the humidity sensor 183 is vertically inserted into the soil of each layer of the soil placement module 15 to monitor the changes in humidity in each layer in real time.

[0041] The target temperature and humidity are set via the human-machine interface outside the control chamber 13. Here, the temperature is set to 30°C and the humidity is set to 90% RH. The electric heating mechanism 18 works in conjunction with the humidity sensor 183 to regulate the environment within the experimental chamber 11. Water in the water storage tank 121 is pressurized by a water pump 122, and the flow rate is regulated by a flow solenoid valve 123. The nozzles of the spray mechanism 14 produce simulated rainfall with adjustable particle sizes of 1-5 mm. The rainfall intensity is dynamically adjusted by the control unit to simulate different rainfall intensity scenarios.

[0042] The flowing water flows through the micropores 155 on the tray 151 and drips into the soil placement module 15 of the next layer in turn, finally seeping into the collecting trough 16 and finally flowing into the container 17 with scale lines to record the runoff volume and sediment content; during the experiment, data such as temperature, humidity, and compaction pressure are displayed in real time on the human-computer interface, supporting export analysis.

[0043] Finally, the sealed door is opened, the soil placement module 15 is pulled out to clean the remaining soil, and the next set of experiments can be quickly carried out after replacing the new sample, which greatly improves the experimental efficiency.

[0044] At the same time, for slope erosion simulation, the runoff scouring process under different slopes can be simulated by adjusting the nozzle angle of the spraying mechanism 14.

[0045] At the same time, the electric heating mechanism 18 is activated to raise the temperature of the test chamber to 50°C for 48 hours, causing the soil to crack, with a width of 1-3 mm. A standard rainfall simulation is then conducted at an intensity of 60 mm / h, comparing the permeability of the cracked soil with that of untreated soil, further expanding the device's application scenarios.

[0046] At the same time, soil can be laid in the tray 151 and then grass can be planted with a coverage rate of more than 70%, which can simulate the erosion effect of natural rainfall on the vegetation-soil complex. Then, under the same experimental environment, experiments are conducted on soils with and without vegetation coverage.

[0047] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art will be able to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or substitute equivalents for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil layer conditioning device for a soil erosion simulation experiment, characterized in that: include: A sealed box (1), wherein a soil compacting device (2) is provided at the top of the sealed box (1). The sealed box (1) is provided with an experimental chamber (11), an equipment chamber (12) and a control chamber (13). The top of the experimental chamber (11) is provided with a spray mechanism (14). The spray mechanism (14) includes an annular main pipe, multiple branch pipes and a pressure nozzle, and the spray particle size is adjustable from 1 to 5 mm. The inner cavity of the experimental chamber (11) is slidingly embedded with multiple soil placement modules (15). The bottom end of the experimental chamber (11) is provided with a collecting trough (16). The bottom end of the collecting trough (16) is provided with a converging vessel (17), and the surface of the converging vessel (17) is provided with scale lines. The back of the inner cavity of the experimental chamber (11) is provided with an electric heating mechanism (18); The equipment chamber (12) is provided with a water storage tank (121), a water pump (122) and a flow electromagnetic valve (123) which are sequentially connected via a pipeline, and the end of the pipeline is connected to the spray mechanism (14); A control host and a power supply are provided in the control cavity (13), and a human-machine interaction interface and a brake button are provided on the outer surface of the control cavity (13).

2. The soil layer regulating device in a soil erosion simulation experiment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil compacting device (2) comprises a bracket (21), an electric push rod (22) and a limiting frame (23); the bracket (21) is mounted on the top of the limiting frame (23); the electric push rod (22) is mounted in the middle of the bracket (21); and the bottom end of the electric push rod (22) is connected to a compacting plate (24).

3. The soil layer regulating device in a soil erosion simulation experiment according to claim 2, characterized in that: Limiting rods are installed at the four corners of the top of the compacting plate (24), and the limiting rods pass through the top plate of the bracket (21). The bottom end of the compacting plate (24) is provided with a nitrile rubber coating with a thickness of 3 mm. A pressure sensor is provided on the bottom surface of the compacting plate (24).

4. The soil layer regulating device in a soil erosion simulation experiment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil placement module (15) includes a tray (151), a rubber corrugated side fence (152), a top plate (153) and a telescopic rod (154). Dovetail blocks are provided on both sides of the tray (151). Matching dovetail grooves are provided on both sides of the inner cavity of the experimental chamber (11). A plurality of micropores (155) are provided on the surface of the tray (151), and the aperture of the micropores (155) is 0.8-3 mm. The inner side of the tray (151) is fixedly connected to the The bottom end of the rubber corrugated sidebar (152) is fixedly connected to the top plate (153) at the top end, and the four corners of the bottom end of the top plate (153) are fixedly connected to the telescopic rod (154). By adjusting the height of the telescopic rod (154), the stretching height of the rubber corrugated sidebar (152) can be adjusted, and the height of the soil that can be accommodated by the tray (151) can be adjusted. The tray (151) matches the internal volume of the limiting frame (23).

5. The soil layer regulating device in a soil erosion simulation experiment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electric heating mechanism (18) is an electric heating wire or an electric heating lamp, and the inner cavity of the experimental cavity (11) is provided with a temperature sensor (181).

6. The soil layer regulating device in a soil erosion simulation experiment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner cavity of the experimental cavity (11) is provided with a plurality of stretchable spring wires (182), the ends of the stretchable spring wires (182) are installed with humidity sensors (183), and the stretchable spring wires (182) are gathered and passed through the control cavity (13) to be connected to the control host.

7. The soil layer regulating device in a soil erosion simulation experiment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer end of the experimental chamber (11) is provided with a sealed door, and the sealed door is provided with an observation window.

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