Water surface floating atmospheric dry and wet precipitation automatic separation, collection and detection device and method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a surface-floating automatic separation, collection, and detection device and method for atmospheric dry and wet precipitation. The device's floating island floats on the water surface and is equipped with a solar power supply system and a precipitation sensor. The dry and wet precipitation separator automatically switches between dry and wet precipitation through the cooperation of inner and outer cylinders. The transmission assembly realizes power transmission. The clutch assembly controls the conversion of the collection mode. When collecting dry precipitation, the through hole of the outer cylinder is aligned with the dry precipitation collector. When cleaning the solar panel, the motor drives the rotating shaft to rotate and drives the scraper to clean. After detecting the precipitation signal, the clutch gear engages with the main gear to drive the ring gear and the inner cylinder to rotate, so that the through hole of the outer cylinder is aligned with the wet precipitation collector. At the same time, the scraper acts to continue cleaning the solar panel. The present invention avoids the contamination problem of samples deployed on land through its surface-floating design. The dry and wet precipitation separator is used to realize the continuous collection of dry and wet precipitation by a single device. The clutch assembly realizes the coordinated work of solar panel cleaning and precipitation collection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of atmospheric dry and wet deposition collection, and in particular to a water surface floating atmospheric dry and wet deposition automatic separation, collection and detection device and method. Background Art

[0002] Atmospheric deposition refers to the process by which pollutants in the atmosphere settle onto the ground or water bodies through gravity, diffusion, or precipitation. It can be specifically divided into dry and wet deposition. Dry deposition occurs when aerosols, particulate matter, or gaseous pollutants fall directly to the surface or water bodies through gravity, turbulent diffusion, or adsorption in the absence of precipitation. Wet deposition occurs when pollutants are carried to the ground or water bodies by precipitation processes such as rain, snow, and fog. Since the Industrial Revolution, industrial and agricultural production activities have intensified, and atmospheric pollutant emissions have surged, leading to a significant increase in pollutant fluxes through dry and wet deposition. Components such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and heavy metals in these sediments can cause eutrophication, acidification, and ecotoxicity, and have become a major external input to water pollution in lakes and rivers. Continuous monitoring of dry and wet atmospheric deposition is particularly crucial for studying pollutant migration patterns and ecological impacts in waters surrounding point-source pollution sources such as mining areas, smelters, and chemical plants.

[0003] To conduct research on atmospheric dry and wet deposition monitoring, it is necessary to use professional sampling devices to effectively collect sediments. Existing atmospheric dry and wet deposition collection devices for water bodies are usually deployed on the land surface, and this arrangement has obvious limitations. Due to the complex land environment, sedimentation samples are easily contaminated by impurities such as dead branches and leaves, bird droppings, etc., resulting in distorted collected data. In addition, devices deployed on land are prone to secondary dust under dry conditions, and face the problem of rapid sample evaporation during the rainy season, resulting in sample loss and affecting data accuracy. In addition, there are differences between land monitoring points around lakes and reservoirs and the actual deposition environment of water bodies, and they cannot truly reflect the direct impact of pollutants on water bodies, making the research results less representative.

[0004] Currently, conventional atmospheric deposition collection devices are limited in functionality, with most capable of collecting only dry or wet deposition. In practice, researchers must frequently change equipment depending on weather conditions, which not only increases labor costs but also results in poor data continuity, making long-term, systematic monitoring difficult. This limitation is particularly pronounced in regions with highly variable climates, severely hindering the scientific nature and reliability of atmospheric deposition research.

[0005] Some existing automated sedimentation collection devices use solar power systems to achieve long-term unattended operation in the field. However, such collection devices face challenges when operating in complex environments. In winter conditions, due to the lack of effective active snow removal, solar panels are easily covered by snow during snowfall, resulting in a significant reduction in photovoltaic conversion efficiency and even power outages, seriously affecting the continuous and stable operation of the equipment. In dry and windy seasons, dust accumulation on the surface of the panels can also reduce power generation efficiency. Although some devices have extended the power supply time by increasing the battery capacity, it is still difficult to fundamentally solve the problem of operational reliability in cold winter regions and windy seasons in arid regions. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a surface-floating automatic separation, collection and detection device and method for atmospheric dry and wet precipitation, so as to solve the technical problems that the existing land-based collection devices are easily affected by the environment, resulting in data distortion, have a single function and can only collect dry or wet deposition separately, and the solar power supply system has insufficient cleaning under snow and dust conditions, affecting its operational stability.

[0007] The technical problem solved by the present invention can be achieved by adopting the following solutions:

[0008] In one aspect, the present invention provides a surface-floating automatic separation, collection, and detection device for atmospheric dry and wet precipitation, comprising:

[0009] The floating island can float on the water surface and is equipped with solar panels, precipitation sensors, controllers and motors. A scraper is installed on the solar panels.

[0010] The dry-wet sedimentation separator includes an inner cylinder rotatably mounted on a floating island and an outer cylinder fixed to the floating island. The inner cylinder is fixed with a dry sedimentation collector and a wet sedimentation collector. The outer cylinder is provided with a through hole that can be aligned with the collection port of the dry sedimentation collector.

[0011] The transmission assembly includes a rotating shaft driven by a motor, a main gear rotatably mounted on the floating island, and a ring gear fixed to the inner cylinder and meshing with the main gear. The rotating shaft drives the scraper to rotate through the gear assembly to clean the solar panel.

[0012] The clutch assembly includes a telescopic rod fixed on the floating island, and a clutch gear that contacts the telescopic rod and is sleeved on the rotating shaft and rotates with the rotating shaft;

[0013] After the precipitation sensor detects the precipitation signal, the controller controls the telescopic rod to drive the clutch gear to engage with the main gear. At this time, the rotation of the rotating shaft drives the inner cylinder to rotate through the clutch gear, main gear, and ring gear, so that the through hole of the outer cylinder is converted to align with the collection port of the wet precipitation collector.

[0014] Furthermore: a plurality of dry precipitation collectors and wet precipitation collectors are uniformly distributed in the inner cylinder along the circumferential direction, and the dry precipitation collectors and wet precipitation collectors are alternately arranged along the circumferential direction of the inner cylinder;

[0015] The number of through holes in the outer cylinder is the same as that of the dry precipitation collector and the wet precipitation collector, and the circumferential position of each through hole can be aligned with the collection port of the dry precipitation collector or the collection port of the wet precipitation collector;

[0016] The rotation of the inner cylinder causes:

[0017] When the collection port of the dry sedimentation collector is aligned with the through hole of the outer cylinder, a dry sedimentation collection station is formed;

[0018] When the collecting port of the wet deposition collector is aligned with the through hole of the outer cylinder, a wet deposition collecting station is formed.

[0019] Furthermore: the upper surface of the clutch gear is provided with active meshing teeth, and the lower surface of the main gear is provided with driven meshing teeth that can mesh with the active meshing teeth. When the active meshing teeth are engaged with the driven meshing teeth, the clutch gear is engaged with the main gear, and the rotation of the clutch gear can drive the main gear to rotate.

[0020] Furthermore: the clutch gear is rotatably mounted on the telescopic end of the telescopic rod, and when the telescopic rod is extended or retracted, the clutch gear is driven to rise and fall and then engage or disengage with the main gear;

[0021] A T-shaped rod is fixed to the telescopic end of the telescopic rod, and an annular T-shaped slot adapted to the T-shaped rod is provided on the lower surface of the clutch gear. When the clutch gear rotates relative to the telescopic rod, the T-shaped rod slides relative to the annular T-shaped slot.

[0022] Furthermore: the gear assembly includes a bevel gear coaxially fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, and a scraper gear meshing with the bevel gear and fixedly connected to the scraper;

[0023] The rotation of the rotating shaft drives the scraper brush to rotate on the surface of the solar cell panel through the bevel gear and the scraper brush gear.

[0024] Furthermore: the floating island includes a buoyancy board capable of floating on the water surface, a water holding bucket fixed below the buoyancy board, and a counterweight connected to the bottom of the water holding bucket through a rope, and a plurality of water holes are opened on the water holding bucket.

[0025] Furthermore: a wet deposition detection sensor connected to the controller is fixedly installed in the wet deposition collector for real-time monitoring of physical and chemical parameters of wet deposition;

[0026] A data storage module and a wireless data transmission module connected to the controller are fixed on the floating island. The physical and chemical index parameters of wet deposition collected by the wet deposition detection sensor are stored in the data storage module and transmitted to the remote user terminal by the wireless data transmission module after being processed by the controller.

[0027] Furthermore: the solar panel is connected to a battery fixed on the floating island, and the battery is connected to a precipitation sensor, a controller, a motor and a telescopic rod. The battery can supply power to the precipitation sensor, the controller, the motor and the telescopic rod.

[0028] Furthermore: the outer walls of the dry precipitation collector and the wet precipitation collector are fixed with electric heating plates and temperature sensors, the electric heating plates and temperature sensors are connected to a battery and a controller, and the battery can power the electric heating plates and temperature sensors;

[0029] When the temperature sensor detects that the ambient temperature is lower than a preset value, the controller controls the electric heating plate to start and heat the dry deposition collector and the wet deposition collector.

[0030] Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for automatically separating, collecting, and detecting atmospheric dry and wet precipitation by floating on a water surface. The method is based on the aforementioned automatic separation, collecting, and detecting device for atmospheric dry and wet precipitation by floating on a water surface, and comprises the following steps:

[0031] Dry sediment collection: The clutch gear is separated from the main gear, and the through hole of the outer cylinder is aligned with the collection port of the dry sediment collector to form a dry sediment collection station, and the dry sediment collector collects dry sediment;

[0032] Solar panel cleaning: The motor drives the shaft to rotate, and the gear assembly drives the scraper to rotate to clean the surface of the solar panel;

[0033] Precipitation signal detection and response: The precipitation sensor monitors the environmental precipitation in real time and sends a trigger signal to the controller when a precipitation signal is detected;

[0034] Wet deposition collection: After receiving the precipitation signal, the controller controls the telescopic rod to engage the clutch gear with the main gear. At the same time, the motor keeps running. The rotation of the shaft drives the inner cylinder to rotate through the clutch gear, main gear and ring gear, so that the through hole of the outer cylinder is aligned with the collection port of the wet deposition collector, forming a wet deposition collection station. The wet deposition collector collects wet deposition.

[0035] Dual functions operate synchronously: in wet deposition collection mode, the rotation of the shaft simultaneously drives the scraper to continue cleaning the solar panel;

[0036] Data detection and transmission: The wet deposition detection sensor detects the physical and chemical parameters of wet deposition in real time, stores them in the data storage module, and then sends them to the remote user terminal via the wireless data transmission module;

[0037] Temperature control: When the temperature sensor detects that the ambient temperature is lower than the preset value, the controller controls the electric heating plate to start and heat the dry deposition collector and the wet deposition collector.

[0038] The surface-floating automatic separation, collection, and detection device and method for atmospheric dry and wet precipitation of the present invention fundamentally avoids the sample contamination problem caused by land deployment by configuring the collection device as a surface-floating structure. The floating island design enables the collector to directly receive precipitation above the water body, significantly improving the accuracy and representativeness of the monitoring data, while solving the problems of secondary dust and sample evaporation caused by land deployment.

[0039] The dry-wet sedimentation separator design of the present invention realizes the automatic identification and separation collection of dry and wet sedimentation by a single device. Under normal dry conditions, the outer cylinder through-hole is aligned with the collection port of the dry sedimentation collector, forming a stable dry sedimentation receiving channel. When the precipitation sensor detects a precipitation signal, the controller immediately starts the switching program, controls the movement of the telescopic rod to engage the clutch gear with the main gear, and the rotation of the shaft driven by the motor drives the inner cylinder to rotate through the clutch gear, main gear, and ring gear, so that the collection port of the wet sedimentation collector is aligned with the outer cylinder through-hole, completing the switch to the wet sedimentation collection mode. This fully automatic dry-wet collection mode switching mechanism not only avoids monitoring interruptions and data loss caused by manual intervention, but also responds in real time to meteorological changes, ensuring that continuous and complete sedimentation monitoring data can still be obtained in areas with variable climates, significantly improving the scientific nature and reliability of atmospheric deposition research.

[0040] This invention achieves efficient integration of system functions through an innovative clutch assembly design. In non-precipitation conditions, the clutch gear remains disengaged from the main gear. The motor-driven shaft, in this case, rotates through the gear assembly specifically to drive the scraper brush to clean the solar panels, effectively resolving the power supply efficiency issues associated with existing systems caused by snow and dust accumulation. When the precipitation sensor detects a precipitation signal, the controller initiates a mode switching process: first, the telescopic rod is actuated to engage the clutch gear with the main gear, while maintaining normal transmission of the gear assembly. The shaft continues to rotate, cleaning the solar panel surface while also driving the inner cylinder through the clutch gear, main gear, and ring gear, achieving precise switching from dry to wet precipitation collection mode. This design achieves independent control of both functions from a single power source, improving energy efficiency while ensuring timely wet precipitation collection and continuous solar panel cleaning in precipitation conditions, significantly enhancing the device's environmental adaptability and operational reliability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of the water surface floating atmospheric dry and wet precipitation automatic separation, collection and detection device of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the water surface floating type atmospheric dry and wet precipitation automatic separation, collection and detection device after being cut apart from the dry precipitation collector;

[0044] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of the water surface floating type atmospheric dry and wet precipitation automatic separation, collection and detection device after being cut apart from the wet precipitation collector;

[0045] Figure 4 for Figure 2 A local enlarged view of point A;

[0046] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of the inner cylinder, main gear and clutch gear of the water surface floating atmospheric dry and wet precipitation automatic separation, collection and detection device of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of the inner cylinder of the water surface floating atmospheric dry and wet precipitation automatic separation, collection and detection device of the present invention, cut away from the dry precipitation collector;

[0048] Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of the inner cylinder of the water surface floating atmospheric dry and wet precipitation automatic separation, collection and detection device of the present invention, cut away from the wet precipitation collector;

[0049] Figure 8 yes Figure 5 A partial enlarged view of point B;

[0050] Figure 9 yes Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of point C;

[0051] Figure 10 yes Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of point D;

[0052] Figure 11 yes Figure 2 A local enlarged view of point E;

[0053] Figure 12This is a flow chart of the water surface floating atmospheric dry and wet deposition automatic separation, collection and detection method of the present invention;

[0054] Main parts and numbers:

[0055] Floating island: 1; buoyancy plate: 11; water bucket: 12; water hole: 121; rope: 13; counterweight: 14; installation chamber: 15; installation platform: 16; T-ring groove: 161;

[0056] Solar panel: 21; scraper: 22; battery: 23;

[0057] Precipitation sensor: 31; motor: 32; inner tube: 33; outer tube: 34; through hole: 341; dry precipitation collector: 35; wet precipitation collector: 36;

[0058] Controllers: 4;

[0059] Rotating shaft: 51; main gear: 52; driven meshing gear: 521; T-ring: 522; ring gear: 53; bevel gear: 541; scraper gear: 542; driven gear: 55;

[0060] Telescopic rod: 61; Clutch gear: 62; Active meshing tooth: 621; T-shaped slide: 622; T-shaped rod: 63;

[0061] Wet deposition detection sensor: 71; data storage module: 72; wireless data transmission module: 73; control panel: 74. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] In order to more clearly illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0063] Figure 1-3 This embodiment provides a surface floating atmospheric dry and wet precipitation automatic separation and collection detection device, such as Figure 1-3 As shown, the device includes a floating island 1 capable of floating on the water surface, on which a solar panel 21 and a precipitation sensor 31 connected to the solar panel 21, a controller 4 and a motor 32 (shown in FIG. Figure 2 、 3 In the figure, the solar panel 21 supplies power to the precipitation sensor 31, the controller 4, and the motor 32. The precipitation sensor 31 and the motor 32 are connected to the controller 4. The precipitation sensor 31 is a conventional precipitation sensor, and the controller 4 is a conventional programmable controller. A scraper 22 is rotatably mounted on the solar panel 21. The scraper 22 contacts the surface of the solar panel 21 and cleans the solar panel 21 as it rotates.

[0064] like Figure 2 、 3 As shown, a dry-wet sedimentation separator is provided on the floating island 1. The dry-wet sedimentation separator comprises an inner cylinder 33 rotatably mounted on the floating island 1 and an outer cylinder 34 sleeved outside the inner cylinder 33 and fixed to the floating island 1. A dry sedimentation collector 35 and a wet sedimentation collector 36 are fixed in the inner cylinder 33. A through hole 341 is provided on the outer cylinder 34 to align with the collection port of the dry sedimentation collector 35. The floating island 1 is also provided with a transmission assembly and a clutch assembly, such as Figure 2 、 4 As shown, the transmission assembly includes a rotating shaft 51 fixed to the output end of the motor 32. The motor 32 drives the rotating shaft 51 to rotate. A main gear 52 is rotatably mounted on the floating island 1. A ring gear 53 is fixed to the outer side of the inner cylinder 33 and meshes with the main gear 52. The rotating shaft 51 drives the scraper 22 through the gear assembly to clean the solar panel 21. The clutch assembly includes a telescopic rod 61 fixed to the floating island 1. The telescopic rod 61 is an electric telescopic rod connected to the controller 4. A clutch gear 62 is rotatably mounted on the telescopic end of the telescopic rod 61. The clutch gear 62 is slidably mounted on the rotating shaft 51 and forms a key connection with the rotating shaft 51. The clutch gear 62 can slide along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 51 and rotates when the rotating shaft 51 rotates. The main gear 52 is sleeved on the rotating shaft 51 and is coaxial with the rotating shaft 51.

[0065] After the precipitation sensor 31 detects the precipitation signal, the controller 4 controls the telescopic rod 61 to drive the clutch gear 62 to engage with the main gear 52. At this time, the rotation of the rotating shaft 51 drives the clutch gear 62 and the main gear 52 to rotate. The rotation of the main gear 52 drives the ring gear 53 and the inner cylinder 33 to rotate, so that the through hole 341 of the outer cylinder 34 is converted to align with the collection port of the wet precipitation collector 36.

[0066] When collecting dry and wet precipitation using the surface-floating atmospheric dry and wet precipitation automatic separation and collection detection device of this embodiment, under normal dry conditions, the through-hole 341 of the outer cylinder 34 aligns with the collection port of the dry precipitation collector 35, forming a dry precipitation receiving channel. At this point, the wet precipitation collector 36 is sealed by the portion of the outer cylinder 34 not provided with the through-hole 341, and the dry precipitation collector 35 collects the dry precipitation. When the precipitation sensor 31 detects a precipitation signal, the controller 4 immediately initiates a switching process, controlling the telescopic rod 61 to engage the clutch gear 62 with the main gear 52. The rotation of the shaft 51, driven by the motor 32, drives the inner cylinder 33 through the clutch gear 62, the main gear 52, and the ring gear 53, causing the collection port of the wet precipitation collector 36 to align with the through-hole 341 of the outer cylinder 34, completing the switch to the wet precipitation collection mode. The dry precipitation collector 35 is now sealed by the portion of the outer cylinder 34 not provided with the through-hole 341, and the wet precipitation collector 36 collects the wet precipitation.

[0067] When cleaning the solar panel 21 under non-precipitation conditions, the clutch gear 62 remains separated from the main gear 52. The controller 4 activates the motor 32 to rotate the shaft 51. This rotational motion is transmitted to the scraper 22 through the gear assembly, driving the scraper 22 to perform a cleaning motion along the surface of the solar panel 21. In this embodiment, under the control of the controller 4, the motor 32 drives the shaft 51 to rotate alternately in forward and reverse directions, with each rotation angle controlled within a predetermined range. This reciprocating rotational motion is converted by the gear assembly into a reciprocating oscillation of the scraper 22 on the surface of the solar panel 21. The reciprocating oscillation of the scraper 22 performs the cleaning action, achieving efficient cleaning. When the precipitation sensor 31 detects a precipitation signal, the controller 4 initiates a mode switching procedure: first, the telescopic rod 61 is controlled to engage the clutch gear 62 with the main gear 52; at the same time, the gear assembly maintains normal transmission. At this time, the rotation of the rotating shaft 51 continues to drive the scraper 22 to work and clean the surface of the solar panel 21; on the other hand, through the transmission of the clutch gear 62, the main gear 52 and the ring gear 53, the inner cylinder 33 is driven to rotate, realizing the switch from the dry deposition collection mode to the wet deposition collection mode.

[0068] like Figure 1-3 As shown, in this embodiment, the floating island 1 includes a buoyancy board 11 that can float on the water surface. The buoyancy board 11 serves as the main load-bearing platform, on which core components such as the precipitation sensor 31, the controller 4, the motor 32, the dry-wet sedimentation separator, the transmission assembly and the clutch assembly are integrated. The buoyancy board 11 adopts a three-layer composite structure: the upper layer is a PVC cover plate, the lower layer is a PVC bottom plate, and a hard polyurethane foam insulation board is arranged in the middle. This structural design not only ensures sufficient buoyancy, but also has good weather resistance and thermal insulation properties. A water holding bucket 12 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the buoyancy board 11, and a plurality of water holes 121 are evenly arranged on the wall of the water holding bucket 12. The water holding bucket 12 is connected to the counterweight 14 through a rope 13, and the counterweight 14 can sink into the bottom mud of the water body to provide stable anchoring. The water bucket 12 is immersed in water, and the internal and external water pressures are balanced through the water hole 121, ensuring the stability of the device under strong wind and wave conditions; the design of the counterweight 14 sinking into the bottom mud can effectively prevent the device from being washed away by the water flow; the length of the rope 13 is set according to the highest water level during the flood season, so that the device can float freely with the changes in water level, while limiting its drift within the set range.

[0069] The floating island structure of this invention overcomes the technical challenge of traditional surface-mounted devices being susceptible to wind and waves through the coordinated action of buoyancy plates 11, water-holding buckets 12, ropes 13, and counterweights 14. This design not only ensures the device's stability in adverse weather conditions but also ensures accurate atmospheric deposition data collection by limiting its drift range, while also expanding the range within which atmospheric deposition can be received.

[0070] In order to increase the amount of dry and wet deposition collected, such as Figure 5-7As shown, a plurality of dry precipitation collectors 35 and wet precipitation collectors 36 are uniformly distributed in the inner cylinder 33 along the circumferential direction, and the dry precipitation collectors 35 and wet precipitation collectors 36 are alternately arranged along the circumferential direction of the inner cylinder 33; Figure 1 As shown, the number of through holes 341 of the outer cylinder 34 is the same as that of the dry precipitation collector 35 and the wet precipitation collector 36 , and the circumferential position of each through hole 341 can be aligned with the collection port of the dry precipitation collector 35 or the collection port of the wet precipitation collector 36 .

[0071] The rotation of the inner cylinder 33 can align the collection port of the dry precipitation collector 35 with the through hole 341 of the outer cylinder 34, forming a dry precipitation collection station; the rotation of the inner cylinder 33 can also align the collection port of the wet precipitation collector 36 with the through hole 341 of the outer cylinder 34, forming a wet precipitation collection station.

[0072] In this embodiment, the inner cylinder 33 is equipped with four dry precipitation collectors 35 and four wet precipitation collectors 36. Four through-holes 341 are provided on the top cover of the outer cylinder 34. In the initial state, the four through-holes 341 of the outer cylinder 34 align with the collection openings of the four dry precipitation collectors 35, and the dry precipitation collectors 35 collect dry precipitation. When the precipitation sensor 31 detects a precipitation signal, the telescopic rod 61 actuates to engage the clutch gear 62 with the main gear 52. Under the control of the controller 4, the motor 32 drives the rotating shaft 51 to rotate. The rotation of the rotating shaft 51 drives the inner cylinder 33 clockwise 45 degrees through the clutch gear 62, the main gear 52, and the ring gear 53, causing the four through-holes 341 of the outer cylinder 34 to align with the collection openings of the four wet precipitation collectors 36, and the wet precipitation collectors 36 collect wet precipitation. When the precipitation sensor 31 detects that the precipitation has stopped, the motor 32 drives the rotating shaft 51 to reverse under the control of the controller 4. The rotation of the rotating shaft 51 drives the inner cylinder 33 to rotate counterclockwise by 45 degrees through the clutch gear 62, the main gear 52, and the ring gear 53, so that the four through holes 341 of the outer cylinder 34 are reset to align with the collection ports of the four dry precipitation collectors 35, and the dry precipitation collectors 35 collect dry precipitation.

[0073] In order to achieve the engagement of the clutch gear 62 with the main gear 52, as shown in FIG. Figure 4 、 8 As shown, the upper surface of the clutch gear 62 is provided with active meshing teeth 621, and the lower surface of the main gear 52 is provided with driven meshing teeth 521 that can mesh with the active meshing teeth 621. When the active meshing teeth 621 are engaged with the driven meshing teeth 521, the clutch gear 62 is engaged with the main gear 52, and the rotation of the clutch gear 62 can drive the main gear 52 to rotate.

[0074] In this embodiment, the clutch gear 62 is rotatably mounted on the telescopic end of the telescopic rod 61. When the telescopic rod 61 is extended, the clutch gear 62 is driven to rise and then engage with the main gear 52. When the telescopic rod 61 is shortened, the clutch gear 62 is driven to lower and then separate from the main gear 52. Figure 3 、 9 As shown, a T-shaped rod 63 is fixed to the telescopic end of the telescopic rod 61, and an annular T-shaped groove 622 adapted to the T-shaped rod 63 is provided on the lower surface of the clutch gear 62. When the clutch gear 62 rotates relative to the telescopic rod 61, the T-shaped rod 63 slides relative to the T-shaped groove 622.

[0075] Regarding the specific rotation connection between the main gear 52 and the floating island 1, as shown in FIG. Figure 3 、 9 As shown, a T-ring 522 is fixed to the upper surface of the main gear 52 , and a T-ring groove 161 adapted to the T-ring 522 is opened on the floating island 1 . When the main gear 52 rotates relative to the floating island 1 , the T-ring 522 slides in the T-ring groove 161 .

[0076] For the specific structure of the gear assembly, such as Figure 1 、 10 As shown, the gear assembly includes a bevel gear 541 coaxially fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 51, and a scraper gear 542 meshing with the bevel gear 541 and fixedly connected to the scraper 22; the rotation of the rotating shaft 51 drives the scraper 22 to rotate on the surface of the solar cell panel 21 through the bevel gear 541 and the scraper gear 542.

[0077] like Figure 7 As shown, the wet deposition collector 36 is fixedly installed with a wet deposition detection sensor 71 connected to the controller 4 for real-time monitoring of the physical and chemical parameters of wet deposition; Figure 2 、 11 As shown, a data storage module 72 and a wireless data transmission module 73 connected to the controller 4 are fixed to the floating island 1. The physical and chemical parameters of wet deposition collected by the wet deposition detection sensor 71 are stored in the data storage module 72 and, after processing by the controller 4, transmitted to a remote user terminal by the wireless data transmission module 73. Furthermore, the wet deposition detection sensor 71 is used to monitor in real time the basic physical and chemical parameters of the wet deposition sample, including pH, DO (dissolved oxygen), TDS (total dissolved solids), SAL (salinity), ORP (oxidation-reduction potential), NH3-N (ammonia nitrogen), NO3-N (nitrate nitrogen), conductivity, and volume. The wet deposition detection sensor 71 can be a multi-parameter integrated water quality monitoring probe module or a combination of multiple separate independent sensor modules (for detecting each of the aforementioned physical and chemical parameters).

[0078] The above-mentioned wet deposition detection system overcomes the technical limitation of traditional collection devices that can only collect samples but cannot monitor in real time. The wet deposition detection sensor 71 is integrated in the wet deposition collector 36 to obtain the physical and chemical characteristics of wet deposition simultaneously with the collection, changing the mode in which traditional devices can only collect but cannot detect on-site. By adopting a modular sensor design, real-time in-situ analysis of multiple key indicators of wet deposition samples is achieved, avoiding the data lag and distortion problems caused by sample transportation and laboratory analysis. The detection data is stored in real time and wirelessly transmitted through the controller 4, which solves the disadvantages of the traditional method of relying on manual recording and periodic sampling, enabling researchers to obtain real-time monitoring data remotely, significantly improving the timeliness and continuity of atmospheric deposition research.

[0079] The solar panels 21 and the storage batteries 23 (shown in FIG. Figure 11 (in the middle), the battery 23 is connected to the precipitation sensor 31, the controller 4, the motor 32 and the telescopic rod 61, and the battery 23 can supply power to the precipitation sensor 31, the controller 4, the motor 32 and the telescopic rod 61. In this embodiment, the solar panel 21 is connected to the battery 23 via a solar controller, and the solar panel is connected to the battery via a solar controller to convert the electric energy generated by the solar panel and store it in the battery, providing a stable power supply for the various electrical components of the device. This power conversion and storage method belongs to the existing technology. The power supply system composed of solar panels and batteries effectively solves the problem of inconvenient power supply for traditional surface equipment, avoids the impact of laying cables on water activities, and can provide stable power for various components. This design does not require an external power supply, reduces the cost of use, and uses clean energy to be more environmentally friendly.

[0080] The outer walls of the dry and wet precipitation collectors 35 and 36 are secured with electric heating elements and temperature sensors (not shown in the accompanying drawings). The electric heating elements utilize existing electric aluminum foil heating films, and the temperature sensors utilize existing models. These elements are connected to a battery 23, which powers them. The heating elements and temperature sensors are also connected to a controller 4. When the ambient temperature detected by the temperature sensors falls below a preset value, the controller 4 activates the heating elements by controlling the battery 23. In this embodiment, the heating elements are connected to the battery 23 via a control switch. The controller 4 activates the control switch to power the heating elements. When energized, the heating elements heat the dry and wet precipitation collectors 35 and 36, preventing the collection ports from being blocked by snow and ice. The installation of an electric heating system on the outer walls of the dry and wet precipitation collectors effectively addresses the technical problem of clogging the collection ports due to snow and ice in winter. This design automatically detects ambient temperature and activates heating at low temperatures, ensuring the collector remains operational even in freezing weather. Compared to traditional collectors without heating, this solution significantly improves the device's applicability and reliability in cold regions, enabling continuous monitoring around the clock.

[0081] like Figure 1 As shown, a control panel 74 connected to the battery 23 and controller 4 is fixed to the floating island 1. This control panel displays real-time data such as battery charge level, operating mode (dry / wet precipitation collection), ambient temperature, equipment operation alarms, and wet precipitation physical and chemical indicators. It also supports the configuration of key operating parameters such as temperature thresholds, solar panel cleaning intervals, and data transmission frequency. The control panel 74 utilizes a conventional LCD panel.

[0082] Regarding the specific installation method of each component on the floating island 1, such as Figure 2 、 3 As shown, a mounting chamber 15 is fixed above the floating island 1. The controller 4, data storage module 72, wireless data transmission module 73, and battery 23 are fixedly mounted within the mounting chamber 15. The inner cylinder 33 is rotatably mounted above the mounting chamber 15. Also fixed above the floating island 1 is a mounting platform 16 located outside the mounting chamber 15. A T-shaped ring groove 161 is defined below the mounting platform 16. The main gear 52 is rotatably mounted below the mounting platform 16. The rotating shaft 51 extends from the mounting platform 16 and is connected to the scraper 22 via a bevel gear 541 and a scraper gear 542 to drive the scraper 22. The precipitation sensor 31 and control panel 74 are fixedly mounted above the mounting platform 16.

[0083] like Figure 1-3As shown, in order to improve the reliability of the system power supply, a total of four solar panels 21 are set in this embodiment. Each of the four solar panels 21 is provided with a corresponding cleaning mechanism. Each cleaning mechanism includes a scraper 22. The scraper 22 is meshed with a bevel gear 541 through a scraper gear 542. The bevel gear 541 is fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft 51. The four rotating shafts 51 are driven by four independent motors 32. One of the rotating shafts 51 is provided with a main gear 52 that is rotatably mounted on the floating island 1. The main gear 52 is meshed with the ring gear 53 of the inner cylinder 33. The coaxial clutch gear 62 is controlled to rise and fall through the telescopic rod 61. The other three rotating shafts 51 are fixedly mounted with driven gears 55 (shown in Figure 2 ), these driven gears 55 are all meshed with the ring gear 53.

[0084] When the solar panel 21 is being cleaned, the four motors 32 are started simultaneously ( Figure 2 、 3 (Only one motor 32 is shown) drives each of the motors 32 to rotate. The motors 51 drive the bevel gear 541, which in turn drives the scraper 22 via the scraper gear 542 to clean the surface of the corresponding solar panel 21. At this time, the clutch gear 62 remains separated from the main gear 52, and the inner cylinder 33 does not rotate.

[0085] When it is necessary to switch the dry and wet precipitation collection mode, the controller 4 controls the telescopic rod 61 to move, pushing the clutch gear 62 up to engage with the main gear 52. At this time, the rotational power of the motor 32 that drives the rotating shaft 51 is transmitted to the main gear 52 through the clutch gear 62. The main gear 52 drives the ring gear 53 to rotate, and then drives the inner cylinder 33 to rotate to complete the collection mode switching. At the same time, the rotation of the ring gear 53 drives the three driven gears 55 to rotate, thereby causing the remaining three rotating shafts 51 to rotate synchronously. The four rotating shafts 51 drive the corresponding scraping brushes 22 through their respective bevel gears 541 and scraping brush gears 542 to continue to perform cleaning operations. Through this mechanical connection relationship, the system can ensure that the cleaning work of all solar panels 21 is carried out uninterruptedly while completing the collection mode switching.

[0086] On the other hand, this embodiment provides a method for automatically separating, collecting, and detecting atmospheric dry and wet precipitation, which is a floating type on a water surface. The method is based on the above-mentioned automatic separation, collecting, and detecting device for atmospheric dry and wet precipitation, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0087] S1. Dry sediment collection: The clutch gear 62 is separated from the main gear 52, and the through hole 341 of the outer cylinder 34 is aligned with the collection port of the dry sediment collector 35, forming a dry sediment collection station. The dry sediment collector 35 collects dry sediment;

[0088] S2. Cleaning the solar panel: The motor 32 drives the rotating shaft 51 to rotate, and drives the scraping brush 22 to rotate through the bevel gear 541 and the scraping brush gear 542 to clean the surface of the solar panel 21;

[0089] S3, precipitation signal detection and response: the precipitation sensor 31 monitors the environmental precipitation in real time, and when a precipitation signal is detected, it sends a trigger signal to the controller 4;

[0090] S4. Wet deposition collection: After receiving the precipitation signal, the controller 4 controls the telescopic rod 61 to move, causing the clutch gear 62 to engage with the main gear 52. At the same time, the motor 32 keeps running. The rotation of the shaft 51 drives the inner cylinder 33 to rotate clockwise by a specific angle through the clutch gear 62, the main gear 52, and the ring gear 53, so that the through hole 341 of the outer cylinder 34 is aligned with the collection port of the wet deposition collector 36, forming a wet deposition collection station. The wet deposition collector 36 collects the wet deposition.

[0091] S5, dual function synchronous operation: in the wet deposition collection mode, the rotation of the shaft 51 simultaneously drives the scraper 22 to continue cleaning the solar panel 21;

[0092] S6. Data detection and transmission: The wet deposition detection sensor 71 detects the physical and chemical parameters of wet deposition in real time, stores them in the data storage module 72, and then transmits them to the remote user terminal via the wireless data transmission module 73;

[0093] S7, temperature control: When the temperature sensor detects that the ambient temperature is lower than the preset value, the controller 4 controls the electric heating plate to start heating the dry precipitation collector 35 and the wet precipitation collector 36;

[0094] S8. Mode reset: When the precipitation sensor 31 detects that the precipitation has stopped, the motor 32 drives the rotating shaft 51 to reverse under the control of the controller 4. The reverse rotation of the rotating shaft 51 drives the inner cylinder 33 to rotate counterclockwise to the initial position through the clutch gear 62, the main gear 52, and the ring gear 53, so that the through hole 341 of the outer cylinder 34 is reset to align with the collection port of the dry precipitation collector 35, and the dry precipitation collector 35 collects the dry precipitation.

[0095] Specifically, in step S4, the specific angle is determined by the number of dry deposition collectors 35 and wet deposition collectors 36 arranged. When N collectors are evenly distributed in the inner cylinder 33 (N is an even number, and the total number of dry deposition collectors 35 and wet deposition collectors 36 is N), the specific angle of rotation of the inner cylinder is 360 degrees / N. For example, when four dry deposition collectors 35 and four wet deposition collectors 36 (a total of eight) are provided, the rotation of the rotating shaft 51 drives the inner cylinder 33 to rotate 45 degrees clockwise through the clutch gear 62, the main gear 52, and the ring gear 53.

[0096] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A water-surface floating automatic separation, collection, and detection device for atmospheric dry and wet precipitation, characterized by: include: A floating island (1) is capable of floating on the water surface, and is provided with a solar panel (21), a precipitation sensor (31), a controller (4) and a motor (32). A scraper (22) is rotatably mounted on the solar panel (21). A dry-wet sedimentation separator comprises an inner cylinder (33) rotatably mounted on a floating island (1) and an outer cylinder (34) fixed on the floating island (1), wherein a dry sedimentation collector (35) and a wet sedimentation collector (36) are fixed in the inner cylinder (33), and a through hole (341) is provided on the outer cylinder (34) and can be aligned with a collection port of the dry sedimentation collector (35); A transmission assembly includes a rotating shaft (51) driven by a motor (32), a main gear (52) rotatably mounted on the floating island (1), and a ring gear (53) fixed to the inner cylinder (33) and meshing with the main gear (52), wherein the rotating shaft (51) drives the scraping brush (22) to rotate through the gear assembly to clean the solar cell panel (21); A clutch assembly comprises a telescopic rod (61) fixed on the floating island (1), and a clutch gear (62) in contact with the telescopic rod (61) and sleeved on the rotating shaft (51) and rotating with the rotating shaft (51); After the precipitation sensor (31) detects a precipitation signal, the controller (4) controls the telescopic rod (61) to move so as to drive the clutch gear (62) to engage with the main gear (52). At this time, the rotation of the rotating shaft (51) drives the inner cylinder (33) to rotate through the clutch gear (62), the main gear (52), and the ring gear (53), so that the through hole (341) of the outer cylinder (34) is converted to align with the collection port of the wet deposition collector (36).

2. The surface-floating automatic separation, collection, and detection device for atmospheric dry and wet precipitation according to claim 1 is characterized by: A plurality of dry precipitation collectors (35) and wet precipitation collectors (36) are uniformly distributed in the inner cylinder (33) along the circumferential direction, and the dry precipitation collectors (35) and the wet precipitation collectors (36) are alternately arranged along the circumferential direction of the inner cylinder (33); The number of through holes (341) of the outer cylinder (34) is the same as that of the dry sedimentation collector (35) and the wet sedimentation collector (36), and the circumferential position of each through hole (341) can be aligned with the collection port of the dry sedimentation collector (35) or the collection port of the wet sedimentation collector (36); The rotation of the inner cylinder (33) causes: When the collection port of the dry sedimentation collector (35) is aligned with the through hole (341) of the outer cylinder (34), a dry sedimentation collection station is formed; When the collection port of the wet deposition collector (36) is aligned with the through hole (341) of the outer cylinder (34), a wet deposition collection station is formed.

3. The surface-floating automatic separation, collection, and detection device for atmospheric dry and wet precipitation according to claim 1 is characterized by: The upper surface of the clutch gear (62) is provided with active meshing teeth (621), and the lower surface of the main gear (52) is provided with driven meshing teeth (521) capable of meshing with the active meshing teeth (621). When the active meshing teeth (621) and the driven meshing teeth (521) are meshed, the clutch gear (62) and the main gear (52) are engaged, and the rotation of the clutch gear (62) can drive the main gear (52) to rotate.

4. The surface-floating automatic separation, collection, and detection device for atmospheric dry and wet precipitation according to claim 1 is characterized by: The clutch gear (62) is rotatably mounted on the telescopic end of the telescopic rod (61), and when the telescopic rod (61) is extended or retracted, it drives the clutch gear (62) to rise and fall, thereby engaging with or disengaging from the main gear (52); A T-shaped rod (63) is fixed to the telescopic end of the telescopic rod (61), and an annular T-shaped slot (622) adapted to the T-shaped rod (63) is provided on the lower surface of the clutch gear (62). When the clutch gear (62) rotates relative to the telescopic rod (61), the T-shaped rod (63) slides relative to the annular T-shaped slot (622).

5. The surface floating atmospheric dry and wet precipitation automatic separation, collection and detection device according to claim 1 is characterized by: The gear assembly comprises a bevel gear (541) coaxially fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (51), and a scraper gear (542) meshing with the bevel gear (541) and fixedly connected to the scraper (22); The rotation of the rotating shaft (51) drives the scraper (22) to rotate on the surface of the solar cell panel (21) through the bevel gear (541) and the scraper gear (542).

6. The surface-floating automatic separation, collection, and detection device for atmospheric dry and wet precipitation according to claim 1 is characterized by: The floating island (1) comprises a buoyancy plate (11) capable of floating on the water surface, a water holding bucket (12) fixed below the buoyancy plate (11), and a counterweight (14) connected to the bottom of the water holding bucket (12) via a rope (13); a plurality of water holes (121) are provided on the water holding bucket (12).

7. The surface-floating automatic separation, collection, and detection device for atmospheric dry and wet precipitation according to claim 1 is characterized by: A wet deposition detection sensor (71) connected to the controller (4) is fixedly installed in the wet deposition collector (36) for real-time monitoring of physical and chemical parameters of wet deposition; A data storage module (72) and a wireless data transmission module (73) connected to the controller (4) are fixed on the floating island (1). The physical and chemical index parameters of wet deposition collected by the wet deposition detection sensor (71) are stored in the data storage module (72) and transmitted to a remote user terminal by the wireless data transmission module (73) after being processed by the controller (4).

8. The surface-floating automatic separation, collection, and detection device for atmospheric dry and wet precipitation according to claim 7 is characterized by: The solar cell panel (21) is connected to a battery (23) fixed on the floating island (1), and the battery (23) is connected to a precipitation sensor (31), a controller (4), a motor (32), and a telescopic rod (61). The battery (23) can supply power to the precipitation sensor (31), the controller (4), the motor (32), and the telescopic rod (61).

9. The surface-floating automatic separation, collection, and detection device for atmospheric dry and wet precipitation according to claim 8, characterized in that: An electric heating plate and a temperature sensor are fixed to the outer walls of the dry precipitation collector (35) and the wet precipitation collector (36), and the electric heating plate and the temperature sensor are connected to the battery (23) and the controller (4), and the battery (23) can supply power to the electric heating plate and the temperature sensor; When the temperature sensor detects that the ambient temperature is lower than a preset value, the controller (4) controls the electric heating plate to start, thereby heating the dry precipitation collector (35) and the wet precipitation collector (36).

10. A method for automatically separating, collecting, and detecting atmospheric dry and wet precipitation by floating on a water surface, characterized by: The surface floating automatic separation, collection and detection device for atmospheric dry and wet precipitation according to claim 9 comprises the following steps: Dry sediment collection: the clutch gear (62) is separated from the main gear (52), and the through hole (341) of the outer cylinder (34) is aligned with the collection port of the dry sediment collector (35), forming a dry sediment collection station, and the dry sediment collector (35) collects the dry sediment; Solar panel cleaning: the motor (32) drives the rotating shaft (51) to rotate, and drives the scraper (22) to rotate through the gear assembly to clean the surface of the solar panel (21); Precipitation signal detection and response: The precipitation sensor (31) monitors the environmental precipitation in real time and sends a trigger signal to the controller (4) when a precipitation signal is detected; Wet deposition collection: after receiving the precipitation signal, the controller (4) controls the telescopic rod (61) to move, so that the clutch gear (62) is engaged with the main gear (52), and at the same time the motor (32) keeps running. The rotation of the shaft (51) drives the inner cylinder (33) to rotate through the clutch gear (62), the main gear (52) and the ring gear (53), so that the through hole (341) of the outer cylinder (34) is aligned with the collection port of the wet deposition collector (36), forming a wet deposition collection station, and the wet deposition collector (36) collects the wet deposition; Dual functions operate synchronously: in the wet deposition collection mode, the rotation of the shaft (51) simultaneously drives the scraper (22) to continue cleaning the solar panel (21); Data detection and transmission: The wet deposition detection sensor (71) detects the physical and chemical index parameters of wet deposition in real time, stores them in the data storage module (72), and then transmits them to the remote user terminal via the wireless data transmission module (73); Temperature control: When the temperature sensor detects that the ambient temperature is lower than a preset value, the controller (4) controls the electric heating plate to start and heat the dry precipitation collector (35) and the wet precipitation collector (36).

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