Preparation method of electric field sensor based on ion migration and injection characteristics

Abstract

The invention discloses an electric field sensor preparation method based on ion migration and injection characteristics, and relates to the technical field of electric field sensors. The method comprises the following steps: selecting a polymer matrix material and an ionic electrolyte, and carrying out microstructure regulation and control, film forming process regulation and control and surface modification on the basis of the selected polymer matrix material and ionic electrolyte to prepare a solid polymer electrolyte; selecting an organic semiconductor material, and regulating and controlling the hydrophilic or hydrophobic property of the material based on the selected organic semiconductor material to prepare an organic semiconductor; performing interface optimization between the solid polymer electrolyte and the organic semiconductor, and preparing an electric field sensor with a set detection range based on the optimized solid polymer electrolyte and organic semiconductor; the interface optimization is used to increase ion implantation and migration efficiency. According to the invention, measurement of electric fields with different frequencies, different amplitudes and different ranges can be realized, and efficient response and stability of the sensor can be ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electric field sensors, and in particular to a method for preparing an electric field sensor based on ion migration and injection characteristics. Background Art

[0002] Electric field sensors are widely used in modern power systems, the Internet of Things, environmental monitoring, and other fields. Their performance directly impacts system stability and reliability, particularly in power equipment monitoring, electromagnetic environment assessment, and smart grids. Traditional electric field sensors are mostly based on capacitance, resistance, or electric field induction principles. However, these technologies often suffer from unstable performance or limited measurement range when exposed to a wide range of electric field intensities, especially low and high field conditions.

[0003] Currently, many electric field sensors are unable to simultaneously meet a wide range of electric field measurement needs, particularly due to their limited adaptability to both AC and DC electric fields. In traditional electric field sensors, response sensitivity typically relies on material properties such as dielectric constant or resistivity. However, these materials often exhibit nonlinear behavior under varying electric field intensities, making it difficult to effectively cover multiple electric field measurement ranges. Furthermore, existing sensor designs generally cannot guarantee long-term stability under complex environmental conditions. In particular, under conditions of large variations in electric field intensity, the sensor's response performance often fluctuates significantly, resulting in reduced measurement accuracy.

[0004] As a new type of sensor material, organic semiconductor materials have gradually shown their potential in the field of electric field sensors in recent years. Compared with traditional materials, organic semiconductor materials have the advantages of strong tunability, high sensitivity and low cost, but how to accurately control the electrochemical properties of these materials, especially the ion migration and injection properties, remains a challenge. Existing technologies mainly focus on improving sensor performance through single material optimization or structural design. However, these technologies are often limited to a single electric field intensity range and lack effective adaptability for different electric field types (such as alternating current and direct current). Therefore, how to achieve the measurement of electric fields of different frequencies, different amplitudes and different ranges, and ensure that the sensor can maintain efficient response and stability, has become a key issue that needs to be urgently addressed in current electric field sensing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing an electric field sensor based on ion migration and injection characteristics, which can realize the measurement of electric fields of different frequencies, different amplitudes and different ranges, and ensure that the sensor can maintain efficient response and stability.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0007] A method for preparing an electric field sensor based on ion migration and injection characteristics, comprising:

[0008] Selecting a polymer matrix material and an ionic electrolyte, and performing microstructure control, film formation process control, and surface modification based on the selected polymer matrix material and the ionic electrolyte to prepare a solid polymer electrolyte;

[0009] Selecting an organic semiconductor material, and regulating the hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity of the material based on the selected organic semiconductor material to prepare an organic semiconductor;

[0010] An interface is optimized between the solid polymer electrolyte and the organic semiconductor, and an electric field sensor with a set detection range is prepared based on the optimized solid polymer electrolyte and organic semiconductor; the interface optimization is used to increase ion injection and migration efficiency.

[0011] Optionally, the polymer matrix material is PVDF-HFP or PEO.

[0012] Optionally, the ionic electrolyte is EMIM-BF4 or BMIM-TFSI.

[0013] Optionally, the microstructure regulation includes regulating the molecular arrangement, cross-linking degree, molecular weight distribution and porosity of the polymer.

[0014] Optionally, the film forming process regulation includes regulating the crystallization characteristics and molecular stacking structure of the polymer electrolyte by adjusting parameters of the film forming process; the film forming process at least includes solvent and annealing.

[0015] Optionally, the surface modification includes using low-temperature plasma treatment technology to activate the material surface, change the surface chemical properties, and increase the polarity and roughness of the surface.

[0016] Optionally, the organic semiconductor material is PEDOT:PSS, pgBTTT, P3HT or P90.

[0017] Optionally, the regulation of the hydrophilic or hydrophobic properties of the material includes modifying hydrophilic groups or hydrophobic groups at the interface of the organic semiconductor; wherein the hydrophilic groups include carboxyl groups, hydroxyl groups or sulfonic acid groups; and the hydrophobic groups include fluorinated groups or methyl groups.

[0018] Optionally, the interface optimization includes:

[0019] Interfacial self-assembled layer: Through self-assembly, an ordered molecular layer or nanolayer is formed between the polymer electrolyte and the organic semiconductor, and the interfacial contact between the electrolyte and the organic semiconductor is optimized through intermolecular hydrogen bonds;

[0020] Interface chemical modification: Highly conductive materials or hydrophilic molecules are attached to the interface between the polymer electrolyte and the organic semiconductor through chemical grafting or covalent bonding to increase the charge and ion conduction rate and reduce the hysteresis of the electric field response. The highly conductive materials include PEDOT:PSS or silver nanowires; the hydrophilic molecules include PEI or PVA.

[0021] Interface enhancement layer: Coating a polyethyleneimine or polyvinyl alcohol film on the interface between the polymer electrolyte and the organic semiconductor increases the accumulation of ions at the interface and improves the efficiency of ion injection.

[0022] Optionally, the electric field sensor has a measurement bandwidth of DC to 100 MHz, and an amplitude measurement range of 1 mV / m to 2 MV / m.

[0023] According to the specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0024] The present invention discloses a method for preparing an electric field sensor based on ion migration and injection characteristics. The method comprises selecting a polymer matrix material and an ionic electrolyte, and then performing microstructural control, film formation process control, and surface modification based on the selected polymer matrix material and ionic electrolyte to prepare a solid polymer electrolyte; selecting an organic semiconductor material, and then controlling the hydrophilic or hydrophobic properties of the material based on the selected organic semiconductor material to prepare an organic semiconductor; optimizing the interface between the solid polymer electrolyte and the organic semiconductor, and preparing an electric field sensor with a set detection range based on the optimized solid polymer electrolyte and organic semiconductor; the interface optimization is used to increase ion injection and migration efficiency. The present invention can measure electric fields of different frequencies, amplitudes, and ranges, while ensuring that the sensor maintains efficient response and stability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for preparing an electric field sensor based on ion migration and injection characteristics of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the principle of electric field measurement in this embodiment;

[0028] Figure 3Schematic diagram of the interaction between ions and electrons in the sensor of this embodiment; wherein, part (a) is a schematic diagram of the relationship between cations and anions; part (b) is a schematic diagram of the relationship between cations, anions, and electrons;

[0029] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of sensor measurement results in this embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing an electric field sensor based on ion migration and injection characteristics, which can realize the measurement of electric fields of different frequencies, different amplitudes and different ranges, and ensure that the sensor can maintain efficient response and stability.

[0032] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a method for preparing an electric field sensor based on ion migration and injection characteristics, comprising:

[0034] Step 100: Select a polymer matrix material and an ionic electrolyte, and perform microstructure control, film formation process control, and surface modification based on the selected polymer matrix material and the ionic electrolyte to prepare a solid polymer electrolyte.

[0035] Step 200: Select an organic semiconductor material, and adjust the hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity of the material based on the selected organic semiconductor material to prepare an organic semiconductor.

[0036] Step 300: Optimizing the interface between the solid polymer electrolyte and the organic semiconductor, and preparing an electric field sensor with a set detection range based on the optimized solid polymer electrolyte and organic semiconductor; the interface optimization is used to increase ion injection and migration efficiency.

[0037] As a specific embodiment, the main purpose is to provide an electric field sensor that successfully realizes multiple measurement ranges (including AC and DC electric fields) by regulating the ion migration and injection characteristics of organic semiconductor materials. This technology solves the problem that existing electric field sensors cannot work stably under various electric field conditions, especially in the face of different changes in electric field strength, and can provide stable measurement performance. Therefore, by precisely adjusting the electrochemical doping level and microstructure of the material, this embodiment aims to realize an electric field sensor with a wide measurement range and high response sensitivity to meet diverse measurement needs.

[0038] like Figure 2 As shown, electric field measurement involves two fundamental physical processes: first, ion migration within the polymer electrolyte under the influence of an external electric field; second, the migration of ions from the polymer electrolyte into the organic semiconductor material, causing electrochemical doping. Therefore, the electric field response is determined by both the ion migration and ion injection characteristics.

[0039] like Figure 3 As shown, the core of the method for regulating the ion migration and injection characteristics of the micro electric field sensor proposed in this embodiment lies in controlling the ion migration and injection characteristics by precisely adjusting the microstructure of the polymer electrolyte, thereby optimizing the response characteristics of the electric field sensor and realizing multi-range electric field sensing. The specific scheme is as follows:

[0040] 1. Regulation of ion migration characteristics

[0041] The present invention uses a polymer electrolyte with high electrochemical stability and strong ionic conductivity as the primary medium for the electric field sensor. Because ion migration characteristics vary in different electrolyte materials, suitable polymer electrolyte systems are prepared by selecting polymer matrix materials with different polarity and structural properties (such as PVDF-HFP and PEO) and ionic electrolytes with different dissociation energies, ion sizes, charge amounts, and charge distribution characteristics (such as EMIM-BF4 and BMIM-TFSI), optimizing their ionic conductivity, mechanical strength, and environmental adaptability.

[0042] (1) Microstructure regulation: Optimizing ion migration by adjusting the microstructure of polymer electrolytes. Adjusting parameters such as the molecular arrangement, crosslinking degree, molecular weight distribution, and porosity of the polymer can directly affect the movement path of ions in the material. Properly increasing the crosslinking degree can improve the mechanical strength and ion migration efficiency of the electrolyte material, while adjusting the porosity can control the mobility of ions in the material.

[0043] (2) Film formation process control: By adjusting parameters of the film formation process such as solvent and annealing, the crystallization characteristics and molecular stacking structure of the polymer electrolyte can be controlled. Appropriate annealing can improve the crystallinity of the electrolyte and enhance the ion migration efficiency. Characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) can accurately understand the crystallization characteristics of the material.

[0044] (3) Surface modification: Surface modification of materials can further increase the contact area between ions and electrolytes, increase ionic conductivity, and thus improve the response speed and stability of the sensor.

[0045] Use low-temperature plasma treatment technology (oxygen plasma, nitrogen plasma, etc.) to activate the material surface, change the surface chemical properties, increase the surface polarity and roughness, and improve the adsorption and migration ability of ions on the surface.

[0046] By coating the material surface with a polyethyleneimine (PEI) coating or other conductive polymer layer, the interaction between ions and the surface is enhanced. The coating not only improves ion injection and migration, but also optimizes the interface between the electrolyte and the organic semiconductor material, improving the response speed and stability of the electric field sensor.

[0047] 2. Control of ion implantation characteristics:

[0048] The double-layer interface between polymer electrolytes and organic semiconductors, as well as the coupling characteristics of ions and organic semiconductors, have a significant impact on ion implantation properties. Therefore, choosing the right organic semiconductor material is crucial.

[0049] (1) Selection of organic semiconductor materials

[0050] Choose different types of organic semiconductor materials (e.g., n-type, p-type, doped, undoped, etc.), as well as materials with different branched chain structures (e.g., alkyl side chains, ethylene glycol side chains, etc.). Common materials include PEDOT:PSS, pgBTTT, P3HT, and P90. These materials' morphology, molecular stacking structure, in-plane and out-of-plane alignment, and interactions with ions will directly affect ion implantation characteristics.

[0051] (2) Control of hydrophilic / hydrophobic properties of materials

[0052] In liquid polymer electrolyte systems, ions are typically surrounded by water molecules when injected from the electrolyte into the organic semiconductor material. Therefore, the hydrophilic or hydrophobic nature of the interface significantly affects the efficiency of ion injection. If the interface of the organic semiconductor material exhibits strong hydrophobicity, hydrated ions will have difficulty effectively approaching the interface, thereby reducing the ion injection efficiency and affecting the sensitivity of the sensor.

[0053] Therefore, by modifying the interface of organic semiconductors with hydrophilic groups (such as carboxyl, hydroxyl or sulfonic acid groups), the interface's attraction to hydrated ions can be enhanced, promoting efficient ion injection and improving sensitivity and response speed under low-field conditions. Conversely, in certain application scenarios, if it is necessary to suppress excessive ion injection to expand the linear measurement range of the sensor, moderate hydrophobic groups (such as fluorinated groups or methyl groups) can be modified at the interface.

[0054] (3) Interface optimization: Optimize the interface between polymer electrolyte and organic semiconductor to improve ion injection efficiency and further optimize the performance of electric field sensors.

[0055] Interfacial self-assembled layer: Through self-assembly, an ordered molecular layer or nanolayer is formed between the polymer electrolyte and the organic semiconductor material. The interfacial contact between the electrolyte and the organic semiconductor material is optimized through intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

[0056] Interface chemical modification: Through chemical grafting or covalent bonding, high-conductivity materials such as PEDOT:PSS, silver nanowires, or hydrophilic molecules such as PEI and PVA are attached to the interface between polymer electrolytes and organic semiconductor materials to increase the conduction rate of charges and ions and reduce the hysteresis of the electric field response.

[0057] Interface enhancement layer: A layer of polyethyleneimine or polyvinyl alcohol film is coated on the interface between the polymer electrolyte and the organic semiconductor material to improve the interface contact, increase the accumulation ability of ions at the interface, improve the efficiency of ion injection, and further optimize the stability and sensitivity of the electric field sensor.

[0058] 3. Implementation of multi-range electric field sensing technology:

[0059] (1) Frequency control

[0060] The sensor's measurement bandwidth can be adjusted by adjusting the ion migration characteristics. High-frequency electric field measurements require high ion migration rates and vertical ion migration paths. Therefore, the polymer electrolyte's microstructure is adjusted to ensure good electric field response at high frequencies. Low-frequency electric field measurements, on the other hand, rely on optimizing the material's electrochemical doping and ion migration paths to ensure sensor stability at low frequencies.

[0061] (2) Amplitude measurement range control

[0062] By adjusting the ion implantation characteristics, the sensor's amplitude measurement range can be controlled. In polymer electrolytes, if ions are easily implanted into the organic semiconductor material, the electrochemical doping of the organic semiconductor is easily saturated, resulting in current saturation and a smaller amplitude measurement range. Conversely, when ions are difficult to implant, the electrochemical doping level is low, the sensor's conductivity is poor, and the amplitude measurement range is also relatively small. Therefore, by combining the ion implantation and migration characteristics, the sensor's amplitude measurement range can be optimized, providing highly sensitive electric field measurements.

[0063] Ultimate frequency and amplitude measurement range: By precisely adjusting the ion migration and injection characteristics, the sensor's measurement bandwidth is DC to 100 MHz, and the amplitude measurement range can be from 1 mV / m to 2 MV / m, ensuring a wide range of electric field measurement needs.

[0064] like Figure 4 As shown in the figure, under low electric field conditions, the sensor exhibits higher sensitivity; while under high electric field conditions, the sensor automatically optimizes its stability to ensure accurate measurement across the entire electric field strength range. The sensor's operating mode automatically adjusts to changes in electric field strength, maintaining efficient and stable performance in various electric field environments.

[0065] It can be seen that the sensor obtained by applying the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0066] By regulating the ion migration and injection properties of organic semiconductor materials, this invention successfully implements an electric field sensor with multiple electric field measurement ranges. This sensor exhibits a wide measurement range, high sensitivity, and high responsiveness, and can operate stably under varying electric field strengths. While improving measurement accuracy, this sensor also enhances its long-term stability and adapts to diverse electric field conditions, including AC and DC fields. This overcomes the technical bottleneck of traditional sensors that prevent them from operating stably across multiple electric field strength ranges, making it widely applicable to fields such as power, electronics, and automation.

[0067] This technology can be applied not only to electric field monitoring of power equipment but also to a wide range of applications in smart grids, environmental monitoring, and IoT devices. In power equipment monitoring, the sensor can detect the equipment's electric field strength in real time, helping to identify potential faults or anomalies. In environmental monitoring, it can handle complex electromagnetic environments and provide high-precision electric field strength measurements. In the IoT and smart grid, this sensor can support electric field measurement and data feedback, further enhancing the intelligence of the system.

[0068] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0069] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only intended to help understand the core concept of the present invention. At the same time, those skilled in the art will find that the specific implementation methods and application scopes may vary based on the concept of the present invention. In summary, the contents of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an electric field sensor based on ion migration and injection characteristics, characterized in that: include: Selecting a polymer matrix material and an ionic electrolyte, and performing microstructure control, film formation process control, and surface modification based on the selected polymer matrix material and the ionic electrolyte to prepare a solid polymer electrolyte; Selecting an organic semiconductor material, and regulating the hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity of the material based on the selected organic semiconductor material to prepare an organic semiconductor; An interface is optimized between the solid polymer electrolyte and the organic semiconductor, and an electric field sensor with a set detection range is prepared based on the optimized solid polymer electrolyte and organic semiconductor; the interface optimization is used to increase ion injection and migration efficiency.

2. The method for preparing an electric field sensor based on ion migration and injection characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polymer matrix material is PVDF-HFP or PEO.

3. The method for preparing an electric field sensor based on ion migration and injection characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ionic electrolyte is EMIM-BF4 or BMIM-TFSI.

4. The method for preparing an electric field sensor based on ion migration and injection characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microstructure regulation includes regulation of the molecular arrangement, cross-linking degree, molecular weight distribution and porosity of the polymer.

5. The method for preparing an electric field sensor based on ion migration and injection characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The film forming process regulation includes regulating the crystallization characteristics and molecular stacking structure of the polymer electrolyte by adjusting the parameters of the film forming process; the film forming process at least includes solvent and annealing.

6. The method for preparing an electric field sensor based on ion migration and injection characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface modification includes using low-temperature plasma treatment technology to activate the material surface, change the surface chemical properties, and increase the polarity and roughness of the surface.

7. The method for preparing an electric field sensor based on ion migration and injection characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic semiconductor material is PEDOT:PSS, pgBTTT, P3HT or P90.

8. The method for preparing an electric field sensor based on ion migration and injection characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrophilic or hydrophobic property regulation of the material includes modifying a hydrophilic group or a hydrophobic group at the interface of the organic semiconductor; wherein the hydrophilic group includes a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group or a sulfonic acid group; and the hydrophobic group includes a fluorinated group or a methyl group.

9. The method for preparing an electric field sensor based on ion migration and injection characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interface optimization includes: Interfacial self-assembled layer: Through self-assembly, an ordered molecular layer or nanolayer is formed between the polymer electrolyte and the organic semiconductor, and the interfacial contact between the electrolyte and the organic semiconductor is optimized through intermolecular hydrogen bonds; Interface chemical modification: Highly conductive materials or hydrophilic molecules are attached to the interface between the polymer electrolyte and the organic semiconductor through chemical grafting or covalent bonding to increase the charge and ion conduction rate and reduce the hysteresis of the electric field response. The highly conductive materials include PEDOT:PSS or silver nanowires; the hydrophilic molecules include PEI or PVA. Interface enhancement layer: Coating a polyethyleneimine or polyvinyl alcohol film on the interface between the polymer electrolyte and the organic semiconductor increases the accumulation of ions at the interface and improves the efficiency of ion injection.

10. The method for preparing an electric field sensor based on ion migration and injection characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electric field sensor has a measurement bandwidth of DC to 100 MHz, and an amplitude measurement range of 1 mV / m to 2 MV / m.

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