Solid oxide fuel cell stack module test platform and use method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a solid oxide fuel cell stack module test platform and a use method thereof. The platform comprises various components such as an SOFC electric pile module, a desulfurizer, a carrier gas type steam generator, a fuel preheater, a reformer, a fuel reheater, an anode tail gas circulating fan, an anode circulating tail gas cooler, an air compressor and an air buffer tank. The air compressor, the mass flow controller, the air electric heater and the heat exchanger cooperate to supply high-temperature air and fuel to the SOFC stack module, and the flow and temperature of anode circulating tail gas can be adjusted. And the anode tail gas circulating fan, the anode circulating tail gas cooler and the stop valve are matched, so that the SOFC stack module and the anode tail gas circulating fan can be tested. A pipeline, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and an electric control system are further arranged in the platform. The embodiment of the invention is reasonable in design, has safety, and can meet related test requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of fuel cell systems, and in particular to a solid oxide fuel cell stack module testing platform and a method for using the same. Background Art

[0002] Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are highly efficient power generation devices that convert the chemical energy of fuels (such as natural gas, H2, syngas, biogas, and methanol) directly into electricity through electrochemical reactions without combustion. Compared to traditional power generation technologies, SOFC power generation systems offer a wide range of fuel sources and high power generation efficiency. SOFCs are a key technology for widespread application in distributed power generation for residential, industrial, and commercial users, including residential buildings, hotels, hospitals, schools, office buildings, residential communities, data centers, and telecommunications base stations.

[0003] Currently developed SOFC cells typically generate a voltage of 0.5-1V per cell. To generate a sufficiently high voltage, several cells must be stacked in series to form a SOFC stack. Multiple SOFC stacks are combined to form a high-power SOFC stack module. The SOFC stack module is the core of a high-power SOFC power generation system, and its operating characteristics under different operating conditions directly affect the performance of the SOFC power generation system. The development of a SOFC power generation system requires the design and operating characteristics testing of a high-performance SOFC stack module, which relies on a SOFC stack module testing platform.

[0004] Conventional SOFC stack module test platforms use a gas distribution method to send bottled high-pressure fuel gases such as methane, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen into the SOFC stack module after decompression, heating, and mixing with water vapor to test its power generation performance. During the long-term testing of the SOFC stack module, the amount of methane and hydrogen used is large, the testing cost is high, and it is difficult to truly simulate the actual changes in the fuel at the inlet of the SOFC stack module during the current loading and unloading of the SOFC stack module under the anode tail gas circulation process. In addition, conventional SOFC stack module test platforms usually directly pass the room temperature air at the fan outlet into the air electric heater and then into the SOFC stack module. If the test platform needs to be hot restarted after an emergency stop, the air electric heater must work on the premise that there must be air flowing through, but it takes a certain amount of time for the air temperature at the outlet of the air electric heater to rise to the target temperature. The lower temperature air entering the SOFC stack module will cause a cold shock to it, accelerating its performance degradation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The following is a summary of the subject matter described in detail herein. This summary is not intended to limit the scope of the claims.

[0006] The embodiments of the present application provide a solid oxide fuel cell stack module test platform and its use method, which has a reasonable design, complete functions, high safety, and can meet relevant testing requirements.

[0007] This application provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] In the first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a solid oxide fuel cell stack module test platform, including a SOFC stack module, a desulfurizer, a carrier gas steam generator, a fuel preheater, a reformer, a fuel reheater, an anode exhaust gas circulation fan, an anode exhaust gas cooler, an air compressor, an air buffer tank, an air preheater, an exhaust gas burner, a first air electric heater, a second air electric heater, a third air electric heater, an anode back pressure valve, a shut-off valve, a mass flow controller, a pipeline, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and an electronic control system; the air compressor, the mass flow controller, the air electric heater and the heat exchanger cooperate with each other to provide high-temperature air and fuel for the SOFC stack module, and adjust the flow and temperature of the anode exhaust gas; the anode exhaust gas circulation fan, the anode exhaust gas cooler and the shut-off valve cooperate with each other to test the SOFC stack module and the anode exhaust gas circulation fan.

[0009] In combination with the first aspect, in one embodiment of the present application, the reformer is filled with a reforming catalyst, and the operating temperature of the reforming catalyst is adjusted according to the component requirements of the SOFC stack module for the fuel. The fuel preheater is arranged at the front end of the inlet of the reformer, and the fuel preheater is used to heat the fuel to the temperature required for the reforming reaction; the fuel reheater is arranged at the rear end of the outlet of the reformer, and the fuel reheater is used to heat the reformed fuel to the temperature required by the SOFC stack module.

[0010] In combination with the first aspect, in one embodiment of the present application, the test platform is equipped with multiple types of pipelines, mass flow controllers, desulfurizers and reformers to support testing of the SOFC stack module under different operating conditions.

[0011] In combination with the first aspect, in one embodiment of the present application, the air compressor, the air buffer tank and the mass flow controller are used to control the flow rate of each air path, and the air electric heater, the heat exchanger and the temperature sensor cooperate with each other to control the fuel, air flow and temperature at the inlet of the SOFC stack module.

[0012] In combination with the first aspect, in one embodiment of the present application, the high-temperature fuel and high-temperature air at the inlet of the SOFC stack module are both heat exchange type. When the system is restarted hot after an emergency stop, the air electric heater is turned on. After the temperature of the air electric heater rises to the target value, fuel and air are introduced for heat exchange, so that the fuel and air temperature reach the target temperature through heat exchange.

[0013] In combination with the first aspect, in an embodiment of the present application, the carrier gas steam generator is used to provide high-temperature water vapor to the fuel of the SOFC stack module.

[0014] In combination with the first aspect, in one embodiment of the present application, the operating temperature of the anode exhaust gas circulation fan is greater than 150°C, and the anode exhaust gas circulation fan is used to circulate a portion of the high-temperature fuel exhaust gas at the anode outlet of the SOFC stack module to the inlet of the fuel preheater and mix it with the high-temperature gas at the outlet of the carrier gas steam generator.

[0015] In combination with the first aspect, in an embodiment of the present application, the cooling medium of the anode circulating exhaust gas cooler is room temperature compressed air, and the mass flow controller is used to regulate the flow rate of the room temperature compressed air.

[0016] In combination with the first aspect, in an embodiment of the present application, the backpressure valve is used to adjust the outlet anode backpressure of the SOFC stack module.

[0017] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for using a solid oxide fuel cell stack module test platform, which is applied to the aforementioned solid oxide fuel cell stack module test platform, and the method comprises the following steps: (1) opening or closing the shut-off valve of the test platform according to the test requirements, opening the mass flow controller on the pipeline where the air compressor and the air electric heater are located, and when the air flow reaches the target value, opening the first air electric heater, the second air electric heater and the third air electric heater, and setting the heating rates of the first air electric heater, the second air electric heater and the third air electric heater respectively according to the heating requirements of the SOFC stack module of the test platform, opening the H2O mass flow controller, and (1) when the outlet temperature of the SOFC stack module and the reformer of the test platform are both lower than 200°C, the H2O mass flow controller is turned off. When the outlet temperature of the SOFC stack module and the outlet temperature of the reformer exceed 200°C and the temperature of the pipeline after the outlet of the carrier gas steam generator of the test platform reaches above 150°C, the H2O mass flow controller is turned on. and set the H2O flow rate, adjust the air flow rate and outlet temperature of the first air electric heater to change the outlet temperature of the reformer; (3) when the temperature of the pipelines before and after the anode exhaust gas circulation fan of the test platform exceeds 150°C, open the H2O mass flow controller, and open the shut-off valve on the anode circulation exhaust gas cooler side of the test platform and the mass flow controller corresponding to the air path, and adjust the speed of the anode exhaust gas circulation fan according to the test requirements; (4) when the test platform stops suddenly, open the mass flow controllers on the first air electric heater, the second air electric heater and the third air electric heater respectively, and open the shut-off valve on the first air electric heater side and the mass flow controller corresponding to the air path, and adjust the speed of the anode exhaust gas circulation fan according to the test requirements; (5) when the test platform stops suddenly, open the mass flow controllers on the first air electric heater side and the second air electric heater side, and open the shut-off valve on the first air electric heater side and the mass flow controller corresponding to the air path, and adjust the speed of the anode exhaust gas circulation fan according to the test requirements. When the outlet temperatures of the reformer, the second air electric heater and the third air electric heater all reach the target values, the fuel path is opened; when the outlet temperatures of the reformer, the SOFC stack module and the carrier gas steam generator are all higher than 150°C, the H2O mass flow controller is opened and H2O of appropriate flow rate is supplied; otherwise, the H2O mass flow controller should be kept closed; after the fuel is introduced, the mass flow controller in front of the air preheater is opened to introduce heated air into the SOFC stack module; (5) when the outlet temperatures of the SOFC stack module and the reformer are both reduced to 200°C, the H2O flow rate is set to 0 and the H2O mass flow controller is closed.

[0018] Compared with the existing technology, the advantages of this application are: it adopts a combination of air compressor, mass flow controller, air electric heater and heat exchanger to provide high-temperature air and fuel of suitable temperature for the SOFC stack module, while meeting the cooling requirements of the anode circulating exhaust gas, and is easy to adjust the flow and temperature; the setting of the anode exhaust gas circulation fan, anode circulating exhaust gas cooler and shut-off valve meets the working characteristics test requirements of the SOFC stack module under the anode exhaust gas circulation process, and can also be used for functional testing of the anode exhaust gas circulation fan; the design is reasonable, the functions are complete, and the safety is high. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a process flow chart for the solid oxide fuel cell stack module test platform;

[0021] Figure numerals: SOFC stack module 1; desulfurizer 2; carrier gas steam generator 3; fuel preheater 4; reformer 5; fuel reheater 6; anode tail gas circulation fan 7; anode circulating tail gas cooler 8; air compressor 9; air buffer tank 10; air preheater 11; tail gas burner 12; first air electric heater 13; second air electric heater 14; third air electric heater 15; anode back pressure valve 16; stop valve 17; mass flow controller 18. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application more clear, the technical solutions of this application are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0023] It should be noted that although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in an order different from that in the flowchart. The terms "first" and "second" in the specification, claims, and the above-mentioned figures are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in the drawings of this specification are only used to match the content disclosed in the specification for people familiar with this technology to understand and read, and are not used to limit the limitations of the implementation of this application. Therefore, they have no technical significance. Any modification of the structure, change in the proportional relationship, or adjustment of the size should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in this application without affecting the efficacy and purpose of this application. At the same time, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle", and "one" cited in this specification are only for the convenience of description and are not used to limit the scope of the implementation of this application. Changes or adjustments in their relative relationships should also be considered as the scope of the implementation of this application without substantially changing the technical content.

[0024] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application pertains. The terms used herein are for the purpose of describing the embodiments of this application only and are not intended to limit this application.

[0025] In the field of fuel cell system technology, conventional SOFC stack module test platforms use a gas distribution method to inject bottled high-pressure fuel gases such as methane, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen into the SOFC stack module after decompression, heating, and mixing with water vapor to test its power generation performance. During the long-term testing of the SOFC stack module, the amount of methane and hydrogen used is large, the testing cost is high, and it is difficult to truly simulate the actual changes in the fuel at the SOFC stack module inlet during the current loading and unloading of the SOFC stack module under the anode tail gas circulation process. In addition, conventional SOFC stack module test platforms usually directly pass the room temperature air at the fan outlet into the air electric heater and then into the SOFC stack module. If the test platform needs to be restarted after an emergency stop, the air electric heater must have air flowing through it. However, it takes a certain amount of time for the air temperature at the air electric heater outlet to rise to the target temperature. The lower temperature air entering the SOFC stack module will cause a cold shock to the SOFC stack module, accelerating its performance degradation.

[0026] In view of this, the embodiments of the present application provide a solid oxide fuel cell stack module test platform and a method for using the test platform. The test platform includes a SOFC stack module, a desulfurizer, a carrier gas steam generator, a fuel preheater, a reformer, a fuel reheater, an anode tail gas circulation fan, an anode circulation tail gas cooler, an air compressor, an air buffer tank and other components. The air compressor, mass flow controller, air electric heater and heat exchanger work together to supply high-temperature air and fuel to the SOFC stack module, and can also adjust the flow and temperature of the anode circulation tail gas. The anode tail gas circulation fan, the anode circulation tail gas cooler and the shut-off valve work together to test the working characteristics of the SOFC stack module under the anode tail gas circulation process, as well as the function of the anode tail gas circulation fan. The platform is also equipped with pipelines, temperature sensors, pressure sensors and electronic control systems. The test platform is rationally designed, fully functional, and has high safety, and can meet relevant testing requirements.

[0027] The specific implementation of this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, a solid oxide fuel cell stack module test platform includes an SOFC stack module 1, a desulfurizer 2, a carrier gas steam generator 3, a fuel preheater 4, a reformer 5, a fuel reheater 6, an anode exhaust gas circulation fan 7, an anode exhaust gas cooler 8, an air compressor 9, an air buffer tank 10, an air preheater 11, an exhaust gas burner 12, a first electric air heater 13, a second electric air heater 14, a third electric air heater 15, an anode backpressure valve 16, a shut-off valve 17, a mass flow controller 18, piping, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and an electronic control system. The SOFC stack module 1 is a modular structure composed of multiple SOFC cells connected and packaged in a specific manner. This module is a core component in a solid oxide fuel cell system, used to directly convert the chemical energy of the fuel into electrical energy. This test platform can be tested with a variety of fuels, including pipeline natural gas. The platform utilizes a combination of an air compressor 9, a mass flow controller 18, a first electric air heater 13, a second electric air heater 14, and a third electric air heater 15, along with a heat exchanger, to provide the SOFC stack module 1 with appropriately high-temperature air and fuel. This also meets the cooling requirements of the anode exhaust gas, allowing for easy flow and temperature adjustment. Furthermore, the anode exhaust gas circulation fan 7, anode exhaust gas cooler 8, and shut-off valve 17 not only meet the requirements for testing the operating characteristics of the SOFC stack module 1 under the anode exhaust gas circulation process, but also facilitate functional testing of the anode exhaust gas circulation fan 7.

[0029] In one embodiment, the reformer 5 is filled with a reforming catalyst, the operating temperature of which can be adjusted based on the fuel composition requirements of the SOFC stack module 1. A fuel preheater 4 is positioned at the inlet of the reformer 5. The low-temperature fuel is heated by high-temperature air to the temperature required for the reforming reaction, thereby adjusting the fuel composition at the outlet of the reformer 5 to meet the fuel composition requirements of the SOFC stack module 1. Furthermore, a fuel reheater 6 is positioned at the outlet of the reformer 5. The reformed fuel is heated by high-temperature air to the temperature required by the SOFC stack module 1.

[0030] In one embodiment, the test platform is also equipped with various fuel lines, a mass flow controller 18, a desulfurizer 2, and a reformer 5, enabling testing of the SOFC stack module 1 under different operating conditions using pipeline natural gas or mixed fuels as required. In one embodiment, the air compressor 9, air buffer tank 10, and mass flow controller 18 enable precise control of the flow rate of each air line. Furthermore, the combination of electric air heaters 13-15, a heat exchanger, and a temperature sensor facilitates precise control of the flow rate and temperature of the fuel and air at the inlet of the SOFC stack module 1.

[0031] In one embodiment, both high-temperature fuel and high-temperature air can be preheated using a heat exchange method at the inlet of the SOFC stack module 1. When hot restarting the system after an emergency stop, the electric air heaters 13-15 can be turned on first. After the temperature of the air heaters 13-15 rises to the target value, the fuel and air are then introduced for heat exchange. After the heat exchange, the fuel and air quickly reach the target temperature, effectively preventing fresh room-temperature air and fuel from directly entering the system during a hot restart after an emergency stop, which could cause a cold shock to the SOFC stack module 1 due to insufficient heating.

[0032] In one embodiment, the carrier gas steam generator 3 is used to provide high-temperature water vapor to the fuel of the SOFC stack module 1. After the room-temperature fuel enters the carrier gas steam generator 3, it is thoroughly mixed with the water vapor. This prevents dry burning of the fuel, facilitates control of the outlet temperature, and minimizes fuel-side pressure fluctuations caused by water evaporation, thereby protecting the SOFC stack module.

[0033] In one embodiment, the anode tail gas recirculation fan 7 operates at a temperature range of 150°C or above and is used to circulate a portion of the high-temperature fuel tail gas from the anode outlet of the SOFC stack module 1 to the inlet of the fuel preheater 4. Here, the tail gas is fully mixed with the high-temperature gas from the outlet of the carrier gas steam generator 3, thereby enabling performance testing of the SOFC stack module 1 under anode tail gas recirculation.

[0034] In one embodiment, the anode circulating exhaust gas cooler 8 can use room temperature compressed air as the cooling medium, and the flow rate of the room temperature compressed air is controlled by the mass flow controller 18. This cooler can cool a portion of the high-temperature fuel exhaust gas at the anode outlet of the SOFC stack module 1 to the operating temperature range of the anode exhaust gas circulating fan 7 at different stages, while effectively preventing the condensation of water vapor in the anode circulating exhaust gas.

[0035] In one embodiment, the back pressure valve 16 can be used to adjust the anode back pressure at the outlet of the SOFC stack module 1 to ensure that the fuel side pressure inside the stack module and at the inlet and outlet is always higher than the air side pressure, thereby effectively avoiding the risk of safety accidents caused by air leakage into the fuel side due to internal leakage of the SOFC stack and leakage of sealing materials, and ensuring the safety of the testing process.

[0036] In one embodiment, all high-temperature air, cooling air, and uncirculated SOFC stack module 1 anode tail gas can be introduced into the tail gas burner 12 to ensure that the flammable and toxic gases in the fuel are completely burned under different test conditions and the burner does not overheat.

[0037] In addition, the present application also provides a method for using a solid oxide fuel cell stack module test platform. This method is applicable to the aforementioned solid oxide fuel cell stack module test platform. That is, the method can be based on the coordinated operation of various components in the test platform. The specific steps include:

[0038] (1) Cold start phase of the test platform: According to the test requirements, if the anode tail gas circulation process test is selected, the shut-off valves 17 before and after the anode tail gas circulation fan 7 of the test platform are opened; otherwise, the shut-off valves 17 are kept closed. The air compressor 9 and the mass flow controllers 18 on the pipelines where the first air electric heater 13, the second air electric heater 14, and the third air electric heater 15 are located are turned on. After the air flow reaches the target value, the first air electric heater 13, the second air electric heater 14, and the third air electric heater 15 are turned on, and the heating rates of the air electric heaters 13-15 are set according to the heating requirements of the SOFC stack module 1. The mass flow controllers 18 of the fuel lines other than H2O are turned on, the fuel composition and flow rate are set, the heating function of the carrier gas steam generator 3 is turned on and the heating rate is set, the air mass flow meter before the air preheater 11 is turned on, and then an appropriate flow of air is introduced into the SOFC stack module 1 to allow the test platform to enter the heating phase.

[0039] (2) During the SOFC system heating process, when the outlet temperatures of the SOFC stack module 1 and the reformer 5 are both below 200°C, the H2O mass flow controller 18 is kept closed. When the outlet temperatures of the SOFC stack module 1 and the reformer 5 exceed 200°C, and the temperature of the pipeline after the outlet of the carrier gas steam generator 3 reaches above 150°C, the H2O mass flow controller 18 is turned on and the required H2O flow rate is set. In addition, during the heating process, the outlet temperature of the reformer 5 can be adjusted by adjusting the air flow rate and outlet temperature of the first electric air heater 13, so that the outlet composition of the reformer 5 meets the fuel composition requirements of the SOFC stack module 1.

[0040] (3) Before turning on the anode tail gas circulation fan 7, ensure that the temperature of the pipelines before and after the anode tail gas circulation fan 7 exceeds 150°C. After this condition is met, the H2O mass flow controller 18 can be opened, and the stop valves before and after the anode tail gas cooler 8 and the mass flow controller 18 corresponding to the air path can be opened. Subsequently, by adjusting the cold air flow rate, ensure that the fuel temperature at the inlet of the anode tail gas circulation fan 7 does not exceed its operating range. Then, according to the test requirements, adjust the speed of the anode tail gas circulation fan 7 to adjust the circulation rate.

[0041] (4) Test platform emergency stop and hot start phase. When the test platform is emergency stopped, the fault must be checked immediately. After the fault is cleared, follow the steps below: first open the mass flow controller 18 at the outlet of the first air electric heater, the second air electric heater and the third air electric heater, and then open the fuel line after the outlet temperatures of the first air electric heater, the second air electric heater and the third air electric heater reach the target value. When the outlet temperature of the reformer 5, the outlet temperature of the SOFC stack module 1 and the outlet temperature of the carrier gas steam generator 3 are all higher than 150°C, open the H2O mass flow controller 18 and supply H2O at an appropriate flow rate; otherwise, keep the H2O mass flow controller 18 in the closed state. After the fuel is introduced, open the mass flow controller 18 in front of the air preheater 11 to introduce heated air into the SOFC stack module 1.

[0042] (5) During the cooling process of the SOFC system, when the outlet temperatures of the SOFC stack module 1 and the reformer 5 both drop to 200°C, the H2O flow rate is set to 0, and then the H2O mass flow controller 18 is closed.

[0043] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A solid oxide fuel cell stack module test platform, characterized in that: It includes a SOFC stack module, a desulfurizer, a carrier gas steam generator, a fuel preheater, a reformer, a fuel reheater, an anode tail gas circulation fan, an anode circulating tail gas cooler, an air compressor, an air buffer tank, an air preheater, a tail gas burner, a first air electric heater, a second air electric heater, a third air electric heater, an anode back pressure valve, a shut-off valve, a mass flow controller, a pipeline, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and an electronic control system; the air compressor, the mass flow controller, the air electric heater and the heat exchanger cooperate with each other to provide high-temperature air and fuel for the SOFC stack module and adjust the flow and temperature of the anode circulating tail gas; the anode tail gas circulation fan, the anode circulating tail gas cooler and the shut-off valve cooperate with each other to test the SOFC stack module and the anode tail gas circulation fan.

2. The solid oxide fuel cell stack module test platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reformer is filled with a reforming catalyst, and the operating temperature of the reforming catalyst is adjusted according to the component requirements of the SOFC stack module for the fuel. The fuel preheater is arranged at the front end of the inlet of the reformer, and the fuel preheater is used to heat the fuel to the temperature required for the reforming reaction; the fuel reheater is arranged at the rear end of the outlet of the reformer, and the fuel reheater is used to heat the reformed fuel to the temperature required by the SOFC stack module.

3. The solid oxide fuel cell stack module test platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test platform is equipped with various types of pipelines, mass flow controllers, desulfurizers and reformers to support testing of the SOFC stack module under different operating conditions.

4. The solid oxide fuel cell stack module test platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air compressor, the air buffer tank and the mass flow controller are used to control the flow rate of each air path, and the air electric heater, the heat exchanger and the temperature sensor cooperate with each other to control the fuel, air flow and temperature at the inlet of the SOFC stack module.

5. The solid oxide fuel cell stack module test platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-temperature fuel and high-temperature air at the inlet of the SOFC stack module are both heat-exchanged. When the system is hot-restarted after an emergency stop, the air electric heater is turned on. After the temperature of the air electric heater rises to the target value, fuel and air are introduced for heat exchange, so that the fuel and air temperature reach the target temperature through heat exchange.

6. The solid oxide fuel cell stack module test platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carrier gas steam generator is used to provide high-temperature water vapor to the fuel of the SOFC stack module.

7. The solid oxide fuel cell stack module test platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The operating temperature of the anode tail gas circulation fan is greater than 150°C. The anode tail gas circulation fan is used to circulate a portion of the high-temperature fuel tail gas at the anode outlet of the SOFC stack module to the inlet of the fuel preheater and mix it with the high-temperature gas at the outlet of the carrier gas steam generator.

8. The solid oxide fuel cell stack module test platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling medium of the anode circulating tail gas cooler is room temperature compressed air, and the mass flow controller is used to regulate the flow rate of the room temperature compressed air.

9. The solid oxide fuel cell stack module test platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The back pressure valve is used to adjust the outlet anode back pressure of the SOFC stack module.

10. A method for using a solid oxide fuel cell stack module test platform, characterized in that: Applied to the solid oxide fuel cell stack module test platform according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the method comprises the following steps: (1) opening or closing the shut-off valve of the test platform according to the test requirements, opening the mass flow controllers on the pipelines where the air compressor and the air electric heater are located, and when the air flow reaches the target value, opening the first air electric heater, the second air electric heater, and the third air electric heater, and setting the heating rates of the first air electric heater, the second air electric heater, and the third air electric heater respectively according to the temperature rise requirements of the SOFC stack module of the test platform, opening other mass flow controllers except the H2O mass flow controller, setting the fuel composition and flow, opening the heating function of the carrier gas steam generator of the test platform and setting the heating rate, opening the air mass flow meter before the air preheater of the test platform, and introducing air into the SOFC stack module to heat the test platform; (2) When the outlet temperatures of the SOFC stack module and the reformer of the test platform are both lower than 200°C, the H2O mass flow controller is closed. When the outlet temperature of the SOFC stack module and the outlet temperature of the reformer exceed 200°C and the temperature of the pipeline after the outlet of the carrier gas steam generator of the test platform reaches above 150°C, the H2O mass flow controller is opened, the H2O flow rate is set, and the air flow rate and outlet temperature of the first electric air heater are adjusted to change the outlet temperature of the reformer; (3) When the temperature of the pipelines before and after the anode exhaust gas circulation fan of the test platform exceeds 150°C, open the H2O mass flow controller, open the shut-off valve on the anode exhaust gas cooler side of the test platform, and open the mass flow controller corresponding to the air path, and adjust the speed of the anode exhaust gas circulation fan according to the test requirements; (4) When the test platform stops suddenly, the mass flow controllers on one side of the first air electric heater, the second air electric heater and the third air electric heater are opened respectively. When the outlet temperatures of the first air electric heater, the second air electric heater and the third air electric heater all reach the target values, the fuel line is opened. When the outlet temperatures of the reformer, the SOFC stack module and the carrier gas steam generator are all higher than 150°C, the H2O mass flow controller is opened and H2O at an appropriate flow rate is supplied. Otherwise, the H2O mass flow controller should be kept closed. After the fuel is introduced, the mass flow controller in front of the air preheater is opened to introduce heated air into the SOFC stack module. (5) When the outlet temperatures of the SOFC stack module and the reformer are both reduced to 200°C, the H2O flow rate is set to 0 and the H2O mass flow controller is closed.

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