Operation mode determination method and device of power system, terminal equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The invention discloses an operation mode determination method and device of an electric power system, terminal equipment and a storage medium, and belongs to the technical field of electric power systems.The method comprises the steps that a three-side cooperative operation mode of the electric power system is constructed based on three-side operation characteristics of the electric power system; based on a three-side cooperative operation mode, a mathematical model corresponding to each side is constructed; based on the mathematical model corresponding to each side, establishing a stepped carbon transaction mechanism of the power system, and according to the three-side collaborative operation mode and the stepped carbon transaction mechanism, establishing a three-side collaborative scheduling model; and changing the three-side collaborative operation mode, solving the three-side collaborative scheduling model to obtain a corresponding solving result, and determining a final three-side collaborative operation mode by comparing a plurality of solving results. According to the method, the three-side collaborative scheduling model is established through the collaborative carbon transaction mechanism and the three-side collaborative operation mode, the final three-side collaborative operation mode is determined by solving the three-side collaborative scheduling model, and the low-carbon operation effect of the power system is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of power systems, and in particular to a method, apparatus, terminal equipment and storage medium for determining an operation model of a power system. Background Art

[0002] With rapid socioeconomic development and growing energy demand, the rapid energy consumption of traditional energy production and supply models is in conflict with sustainable social development. On the one hand, the continuous exploitation and utilization of fossil fuels in the process of social development has exacerbated global warming and environmental pollution. On the other hand, the gradual depletion of fossil fuels has caused a serious energy crisis, seriously threatening the sustainable energy supply and demand for human development. The development of renewable energy, primarily wind and solar power, is a key solution to future energy supply and demand issues. With the continuous integration of high-proportion renewable energy, the proportion of conventional units with flexible regulation capabilities is decreasing, and the system's regulation capacity is becoming increasingly scarce, leading to an increasingly prominent absorption problem. Therefore, fully coordinating dispatchable resources such as sources, loads, and storage to achieve the absorption of new energy is particularly important for the low-carbon operation of the power system.

[0003] On the source side, although conventional thermal power units have significant carbon emissions, other regulating equipment cannot currently completely replace thermal power units. Carbon capture units, as transitional equipment for energy transformation, can effectively reduce the high carbon emissions of thermal power units on the source side in the current scenario. In terms of energy storage, liquid CO2 energy storage (LCES), which is in its infancy, has advantages such as large energy storage capacity and safe operation, and is considered to be one of the most promising energy storage technologies in the future. On the load side, guiding users' electricity consumption behavior can alleviate the regulatory pressure on the source side and energy storage devices, and improve the system's ability to absorb new energy.

[0004] The existing method for determining the operation model of the power system is difficult to coordinate with the carbon trading mechanism to achieve low-carbon operation of the power system, resulting in poor low-carbon operation effect of the power system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a method, device, terminal equipment and storage medium for determining the operation model of an electric power system, so as to solve the technical problem that the existing method for determining the operation model of an electric power system is difficult to coordinate with the carbon trading mechanism to achieve low-carbon operation of the electric power system, resulting in poor low-carbon operation effect of the electric power system.

[0006] The present invention provides a method for determining an operation mode of a power system, comprising:

[0007] Based on the three-side operating characteristics of the power system, a three-side coordinated operating mode of the power system is constructed, wherein the three-side operating characteristics include capturing carbon dioxide generated by thermal power units through carbon capture devices on the source side, guiding users to actively adjust their electricity consumption behavior through a demand response mechanism on the load side, and compressing carbon dioxide using a compressed liquid carbon dioxide energy storage system on the storage side. The three-side coordinated operating mode includes a source-side operating mode that optimizes the carbon emissions of thermal power units on the source side, a load-side operating mode that optimizes load distribution on the load side, and a storage-side operating mode that meets the load demand on the source side.

[0008] Based on the three-side coordinated operation mode, a mathematical model corresponding to each side is constructed, wherein the mathematical model includes a source-side carbon capture unit operation model, a storage-side compressed liquid carbon dioxide energy storage operation model, and a load-side low-carbon demand response model;

[0009] Based on the mathematical models corresponding to each side, the actual carbon emission model of the power system is constructed, and the carbon emission quota model is constructed based on the carbon emission quota corresponding to the purchased electricity and carbon capture units;

[0010] Establishing a tiered carbon trading mechanism for the power system based on the actual carbon emission model and the carbon emission quota model, and establishing a three-side coordinated dispatch model based on the three-side coordinated operation mode and the tiered carbon trading mechanism;

[0011] The three-side collaborative operation mode is changed, the three-side collaborative scheduling model is solved to obtain a corresponding solution result, and the final three-side collaborative operation mode is determined by comparing multiple solution results.

[0012] Furthermore, the three-side coordinated operation mode of the power system includes:

[0013] On the source side, the carbon dioxide generated during the operation of the thermal power unit is transported to the carbon capture device;

[0014] The load side uses the demand response mechanism to guide users to actively adjust their electricity consumption behavior;

[0015] The storage side is coupled with renewable energy units. During peak load periods, the stored liquid carbon dioxide is used to release energy; during low load periods, the renewable energy that has not been fully absorbed is converted into heat energy in the liquid carbon dioxide for storage.

[0016] Furthermore, based on the three-side collaborative operation mode, a mathematical model corresponding to each side is constructed, including:

[0017] Constructing a source-side carbon capture unit operation model according to the net output power of the carbon capture unit, the power generation power of the carbon capture unit, the operating energy consumption of the carbon capture unit for capturing carbon dioxide, and the inherent energy consumption of the carbon capture unit working room in the source-side operation mode;

[0018] Constructing a storage-side compressed liquid carbon dioxide energy storage operation model according to the energy storage system charging power, compressor working fluid mass flow, actual compression outlet working fluid specific enthalpy, and actual compression inlet specific enthalpy in the storage-side operation mode;

[0019] According to the load side operation mode, the load elasticity matrix, the initial peak electricity price, the initial flat electricity price, the initial valley electricity price, the initial peak load, the initial flat load, the initial valley load, the peak electricity price change after response, the flat electricity price change after response, the valley electricity price change after response, the peak load after response, the flat load after response and the valley load after response, a load side low-carbon demand response model is constructed.

[0020] Furthermore, the actual carbon emission model of the power system is constructed based on the mathematical model corresponding to each side, and the carbon emission quota model is constructed according to the carbon emission quota corresponding to the purchased electricity and carbon capture units, including:

[0021] Construct an actual carbon emission model based on the actual carbon emissions during the dispatch period, the equivalent carbon emissions generated by purchased electricity, and the carbon dioxide used as a circulating working fluid in the energy storage system;

[0022] A carbon emission quota model is constructed based on the carbon emission quota allocated during the scheduling period, the carbon emission quota corresponding to external power purchases and carbon capture units, and the carbon emission quota per unit power purchase and power generation consumption of carbon emission units.

[0023] Furthermore, the stepwise carbon trading mechanism for the power system is established based on the actual carbon emission model and the carbon emission quota model, including:

[0024] A tiered carbon trading mechanism for the power system is established based on the system's carbon emission quota, system carbon trading costs, carbon trading base price, carbon emission interval length and carbon trading price growth rate.

[0025] Furthermore, based on the three-side coordinated operation mode and the tiered carbon trading mechanism, a three-side coordinated scheduling model is established, including:

[0026] Determine the system operating cost based on the three-side coordinated operation mode, determine the carbon trading cost based on the tiered carbon trading mechanism, and construct an objective function based on the system's external power purchase cost, carbon trading cost, system operating cost, and penalty cost for wind and solar power curtailment;

[0027] According to the objective function and dispatch constraints, a three-side coordinated dispatch model is established, wherein the dispatch constraints include power flow balance constraints, node power balance constraints, wind and solar power unit output constraints, carbon capture unit operation constraints, energy storage system operation constraints, interconnection line power constraints and safe operation constraints.

[0028] Furthermore, the changing of the three-side coordinated operation mode, solving the three-side coordinated scheduling model to obtain corresponding solution results, and determining the final three-side coordinated operation mode by comparing multiple solution results include:

[0029] Set different simulation scenarios and change the three-side coordinated operation mode of the power system under different simulation scenarios;

[0030] Solving the three-side coordinated scheduling model to obtain corresponding solution results, wherein the solution results include system operating costs, new energy consumption and carbon emissions;

[0031] The three-side collaborative operation mode in different simulation scenarios is determined according to the solution results.

[0032] The present invention also provides an apparatus for determining an operation mode of an electric power system, comprising:

[0033] A collaborative operation mode construction module is used to construct a three-side collaborative operation mode of the power system based on the three-side operation characteristics of the power system, wherein the three-side operation characteristics include capturing carbon dioxide generated by thermal power units through carbon capture devices on the source side, guiding users to actively adjust their electricity consumption behavior through a demand response mechanism on the load side, and compressing carbon dioxide using a compressed liquid carbon dioxide energy storage system on the storage side; the three-side collaborative operation mode includes a source-side operation mode that optimizes the carbon emissions of thermal power units on the source side, a load-side operation mode that optimizes load distribution on the load side, and a storage-side operation mode that meets the load demand of the source side on the storage side;

[0034] a mathematical model construction module, configured to construct a mathematical model corresponding to each side based on the three-side coordinated operation mode, the mathematical model comprising a source-side carbon capture unit operation model, a storage-side compressed liquid carbon dioxide energy storage operation model, and a load-side low-carbon demand response model;

[0035] A carbon emission model construction module is used to construct the actual carbon emission model of the power system based on the corresponding mathematical model on each side, and to construct a carbon emission quota model based on the carbon emission quota corresponding to the purchased electricity and carbon capture units;

[0036] A collaborative dispatch model construction module is used to establish a ladder carbon trading mechanism for the power system based on the actual carbon emission model and the carbon emission quota model, and to establish a three-side collaborative dispatch model based on the three-side collaborative operation mode and the ladder carbon trading mechanism;

[0037] The collaborative operation mode determination module is used to change the three-side collaborative operation mode, solve the three-side collaborative scheduling model to obtain a corresponding solution result, and determine the final three-side collaborative operation mode by comparing multiple solution results.

[0038] The present invention also provides a terminal device, comprising: a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor, wherein when the processor executes the computer program, the method for determining the operating mode of the power system as described above is implemented.

[0039] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which includes a stored computer program; wherein, when the computer program is running, the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located is controlled to execute the above-mentioned method for determining the operating mode of the power system.

[0040] The present invention establishes a three-side collaborative scheduling model through a collaborative carbon trading mechanism and a three-side collaborative operation mode, obtains corresponding solution results by solving the three-side collaborative scheduling model, and determines the final three-side collaborative operation mode after comparing multiple solution results, so that the power system can achieve efficient low-carbon operation.

[0041] Furthermore, the present invention constructs an objective function by comprehensively considering electricity purchase costs, carbon trading costs, operating costs and penalty costs for wind and solar power abandonment, which can significantly reduce the overall operating costs of the power system. The introduction of carbon trading costs and penalty costs for wind and solar power abandonment can effectively promote the low-carbonization of the system during operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 1 is a flow chart of a method for determining an operating mode of a power system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 is another flowchart of the method for determining the operation mode of the power system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of a device for determining an operation mode of an electric power system provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0046] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0047] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal connections between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0048] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides a method for determining an operation mode of a power system, comprising:

[0049] S1. Based on the three-side operating characteristics of the power system, a three-side coordinated operating mode of the power system is established, wherein the three-side operating characteristics include capturing carbon dioxide generated by thermal power units through carbon capture devices on the source side, guiding users to actively adjust their electricity consumption through a demand response mechanism on the load side, and compressing carbon dioxide using a compressed liquid carbon dioxide energy storage system on the storage side. The three-side coordinated operating mode includes a source-side operating mode that optimizes carbon emissions from thermal power units on the source side, a load-side operating mode that optimizes load distribution on the load side, and a storage-side operating mode that meets the load demand on the source side.

[0050] In an embodiment of the present invention, the three-side operating characteristics include source-side operating characteristics, load-side operating characteristics, and storage-side operating characteristics. The source-side operating characteristics include capturing carbon dioxide generated by thermal power units by carbon capture devices to optimize carbon emissions; the load-side operating characteristics include guiding users to actively adjust their electricity consumption behaviors through a demand response mechanism to optimize load distribution; and the storage-side operating characteristics include using a compressed liquid carbon dioxide energy storage system to compress carbon dioxide, store energy, and release energy to meet the source-side load demand.

[0051] The embodiment of the present invention constructs a three-side coordinated operation mode of the power system based on the three-side operation characteristics of the power system, comprehensively considering the operation characteristics of the three sides, thereby achieving overall optimization of the power system and effectively improving the operation efficiency of the system.

[0052] S2. Based on the three-side coordinated operation mode, a mathematical model corresponding to each side is constructed. The mathematical model includes the source-side carbon capture unit operation model, the storage-side compressed liquid carbon dioxide energy storage operation model, and the load-side low-carbon demand response model.

[0053] S3. Based on the corresponding mathematical models on each side, construct an actual carbon emission model for the power system, and construct a carbon emission quota model based on the carbon emission quotas corresponding to purchased electricity and carbon capture units;

[0054] The embodiment of the present invention constructs an actual carbon emission model of the power system based on the mathematical model corresponding to each side, and constructs a carbon emission quota model based on the carbon emission quota corresponding to purchased electricity and carbon capture units. Combining actual carbon emissions and carbon emission quotas can accurately manage carbon emissions and ensure that low-carbon goals are met.

[0055] S4. Establish a tiered carbon trading mechanism for the power system based on the actual carbon emission model and the carbon emission quota model, and establish a three-side coordinated dispatch model based on the three-side coordinated operation mode and the tiered carbon trading mechanism;

[0056] In an embodiment of the present invention, by introducing a tiered carbon trading mechanism, carbon emissions can be divided into multiple intervals, each interval corresponding to a different carbon emission price, thereby effectively incentivizing high-emission power plants to reduce emissions and promoting the development of low-carbon energy.

[0057] S5. Change the three-side collaborative operation mode, solve the three-side collaborative scheduling model to obtain the corresponding solution results, and determine the final three-side collaborative operation mode by comparing multiple solution results.

[0058] The embodiment of the present invention establishes a three-side collaborative scheduling model through a collaborative carbon trading mechanism and a three-side collaborative operation mode, obtains corresponding solution results by solving the three-side collaborative scheduling model, and determines the final three-side collaborative operation mode after comparing multiple solution results, so that the power system can achieve efficient low-carbon operation.

[0059] In one embodiment, the three-side coordinated operation mode of the power system in step S1 includes:

[0060] On the source side, the carbon dioxide generated during the operation of the thermal power unit is transported to the carbon capture device;

[0061] In this embodiment of the present invention, the source side consists of low-carbon thermal power units and renewable energy units. The carbon dioxide generated during operation by the thermal power units is transported to a carbon capture device, captured by the device, and compressed by a compressor for long-term carbon sequestration, effectively reducing carbon emissions from the thermal power units. Some of the compressed carbon dioxide can be transported in liquid form to an energy storage system for use as an energy storage medium.

[0062] The load side uses the demand response mechanism to guide users to actively adjust their electricity consumption behavior;

[0063] In the embodiment of the present invention, on the load side, the demand response mechanism is used to guide users to actively adjust their electricity consumption behavior, so as to promote the transfer of peak load to off-peak load.

[0064] The storage side is coupled with renewable energy units. During peak load periods, the stored liquid carbon dioxide is used to release energy; during low load periods, the renewable energy that has not been fully absorbed is converted into heat energy in the liquid carbon dioxide for storage.

[0065] In an embodiment of the present invention, during the load valley period, the energy storage system converts the renewable energy that has not been fully absorbed into the heat energy in liquid carbon dioxide for re-storage, which can effectively avoid the waste of renewable energy and also effectively reduce the carbon cost of the system.

[0066] In the embodiment of the present invention, step S2, based on the three-side collaborative operation mode, constructing a mathematical model corresponding to each side, includes:

[0067] S21. Constructing a source-side carbon capture unit operation model based on the net output power of the carbon capture unit, the power generation power of the carbon capture unit, the operating energy consumption of the carbon capture unit for capturing carbon dioxide, and the inherent energy consumption of the carbon capture unit working room in the source-side operation mode;

[0068] In an embodiment of the present invention, the three-side coordinated operation mode includes a source-side operation mode, in which the operation characteristics of the source-side carbon capture unit are analyzed on the source side to construct an operation model of the source-side carbon capture unit. Analysis of the source-side carbon capture unit operation characteristics includes: the carbon dioxide generated by the traditional thermal power unit is diverted to the absorption tower through the flue gas separation system, and is captured and absorbed by the ethanolamine water solvent. The carbon emissions of the thermal power unit increase in the high-capacity stage, and the carbon capture energy consumption increases accordingly, which may not be able to take into account both carbon capture and power supply needs. After the solution storage system is introduced in the embodiment of the present invention, the modified carbon capture device can achieve independent decoupling of carbon absorption and capture processes by flexibly adjusting the amount of storage liquid in the solution storage system, thereby realizing energy transfer of carbon capture energy consumption on a time scale. During peak load periods, the absorption liquid is stored in the liquid storage tank in the form of rich liquid, reducing the carbon capture energy consumption during this period and ensuring the full output of the unit; during non-peak load periods, the rich liquid stored during the peak period is sent to the regeneration tower for analysis and carbon capture, thereby achieving flexible time shifting of carbon capture energy consumption and effectively alleviating the contradiction between carbon capture and power supply of the carbon capture unit.

[0069] In the embodiment of the present invention, the expression of the source-side carbon capture unit operation model is as follows:

[0070]

[0071] in, represents the net power output of the carbon capture unit during period t, represents the power generation of the carbon capture unit during period t, P represents the energy consumption of the carbon capture unit for capturing CO2 during period t, ccs,loss Indicates the inherent energy consumption when the carbon capture unit is working. represents the CO2 captured by the carbon capture device during period t, represents the CO2 to be captured stored in the solution storage system of the carbon capture device during period t, Represents the CO2 produced by the carbon capture unit during period t. η CO2 and δ CO2 They represent the carbon capture rate of the carbon capture device and the flue gas diversion ratio respectively. Indicates the upper limit of the carbon capture unit's output. e ccs Indicates the carbon emission intensity of the carbon capture unit. Indicates the maximum operating coefficient of the regeneration tower and compressor in the carbon capture device. Indicates the volume of alcoholamine solution required by the solution storage in the carbon capture device during period t. M MEA and M CO2 Represent the molar mass of alcoholamine and carbon dioxide respectively. CO2 represents the desorption capacity of the regeneration tower in the carbon capture device, c R and ρ R Respectively represent the concentration and density of the alcoholamine solution.

[0072] In an embodiment of the present invention, by considering the net output power, power generation power, operating energy consumption and inherent energy consumption of the carbon capture unit, the energy consumption in the carbon capture process can be accurately quantified, providing accurate data support for the low-carbon operation of the power system.

[0073] S22. Constructing a storage-side compressed liquid carbon dioxide energy storage operation model based on the energy storage system charging power, the compressor working fluid mass flow rate, the actual compression outlet working fluid specific enthalpy, and the actual compression inlet specific enthalpy in the storage-side operation mode;

[0074] In an embodiment of the present invention, the three-side coordinated operation mode includes a storage-side operation mode. On the storage side, by analyzing the operating characteristics of the compressed liquid carbon dioxide energy storage system, a storage-side compressed liquid carbon dioxide energy storage operation model is constructed, including:

[0075] The compressed liquid carbon dioxide energy storage system uses carbon dioxide as a circulating working fluid. The embodiment of the present invention compresses carbon dioxide through a high-pressure compressor, converts the gas-liquid state, and realizes energy storage and release.

[0076] In this embodiment of the present invention, the compressed liquid carbon dioxide energy storage system includes a compressor, an electric motor, a turbine, a generator, a hot water tank, a cold water tank, a high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide storage tank, a low-pressure liquid carbon dioxide storage tank, and other components. The carbon dioxide captured by the carbon capture device is used to feed the compressed liquid carbon dioxide energy storage system. During low-load periods, the compressed liquid carbon dioxide energy storage system charges through the three processes of carbon dioxide evaporation, compression, and cooling.

[0077] Specifically, the evaporator uses the surplus electricity during the off-peak period to evaporate the liquid carbon dioxide in the low-pressure tank into a gaseous state, and the low-pressure carbon dioxide is compressed into a high-pressure state by the compressor. The high-pressure carbon dioxide passes through the intercooler, is cooled in the high-pressure tank and stored in liquid form. The above charging process stores the excess electrical energy as heat generated when the liquid carbon dioxide is compressed. Accordingly, during peak load periods, the compressed liquid carbon dioxide energy storage system can discharge through three processes: preheating, expansion and condensation. First, the liquid carbon dioxide in the high-pressure tank is preheated by the preheater, and then the heat energy in the carbon dioxide is converted into controlled mechanical work in the turbine to output electrical energy; finally, under the action of cooling water, the carbon dioxide condenses into a liquid and is stored in the low-pressure tank.

[0078] In the embodiment of the present invention, the expression of the storage-side compressed liquid carbon dioxide energy storage operation model is as follows:

[0079]

[0080] in, represents the charging power of the energy storage system during period t, q c Indicates the mass flow rate of the compressor working fluid, h c,o (i) represents the specific enthalpy of the working fluid at the outlet of the actual compression stage i, h c,i (i) represents the specific enthalpy of the working medium at the inlet of the actual compression stage i. c (i) represents the adiabatic efficiency of the compressor, h c,s (i) represents the specific enthalpy of the working fluid at the outlet of the i-th isentropic compression stage. N represents the number of compressor stages.

[0081]

[0082] in, represents the discharge power of the energy storage system during period t, q t represents the mass flow rate of the expander working fluid, h t,o (i) represents the specific enthalpy of the working fluid at the i-th stage outlet of the expander, h t,i (i) represents the specific enthalpy of the working medium at the inlet of the actual expander stage i. t (i) represents the adiabatic efficiency of the expander, h t,s (i) represents the specific enthalpy of the working fluid at the outlet of the i-th stage of isentropic expansion. M represents the number of expansion stages.

[0083] In an embodiment of the present invention, by considering the energy storage system charging power, the compressor working fluid mass flow rate, the actual compression outlet working fluid specific enthalpy, and the actual compression inlet specific enthalpy, the operating efficiency of the compressed liquid carbon dioxide energy storage system can be optimized to ensure the efficiency and stability of the energy storage process.

[0084] S23. According to the load side operation mode, the load elasticity matrix, the initial peak electricity price, the initial flat electricity price, the initial valley electricity price, the initial peak load, the initial flat load, the initial valley load, the change in peak electricity price after response, the change in flat electricity price after response, the change in valley electricity price after response, the peak load after response, the flat load after response and the valley load after response, a load side low-carbon demand response model is constructed.

[0085] In an embodiment of the present invention, the three-side coordinated operation mode includes a load-side operation mode. On the load side, for price-based demand response, a price elasticity matrix is used to describe the loads participating in the response. The constructed load-side low-carbon demand response model is expressed as follows:

[0086]

[0087] Among them, the subscripts f, p, and g represent the load peak, flat, and valley stages, respectively; and Represent the initial peak, flat and valley electricity prices respectively; E e represents the load elasticity matrix; and Represent the initial peak, flat and valley loads respectively; Δλ e,f , Δλ e,p and Δλ e，g Indicates the change in peak, flat and valley electricity prices after the response; L e，f , L e，p and L e，g Indicates the peak, flat and valley loads after response.

[0088] In an embodiment of the present invention, by considering the load elasticity matrix, the initial peak-valley electricity price, the change in electricity price after response and the load change, users can be guided to adjust their electricity consumption behavior according to price signals, achieve flexible control of the load, and thus reduce the user's electricity costs.

[0089] In this embodiment of the present invention, step S3, constructing an actual carbon emission model of the power system based on the mathematical model corresponding to each side, and constructing a carbon emission quota model based on the carbon emission quota corresponding to the purchased electricity and the carbon capture unit, includes:

[0090] S31. Determine the actual carbon emissions during the dispatch period based on the source-side carbon capture unit operation model, determine the external power purchase based on the load-side low-carbon demand response model, and determine the carbon dioxide used for circulation in the energy storage system based on the storage-side compressed liquid carbon dioxide energy storage operation model; construct an actual carbon emissions model based on the actual carbon emissions during the dispatch period, the equivalent carbon emissions generated by external power purchase, and the carbon dioxide used as a circulating working fluid in the energy storage system;

[0091] In an embodiment of the present invention, the source-side carbon capture unit operation model can provide a basis for calculating the carbon emissions of thermal power units, so as to calculate the actual carbon emissions within the scheduling period; the load-side low-carbon demand response model can optimize the load distribution through the demand response mechanism and determine the system's external power purchase; the storage-side compressed liquid carbon dioxide energy storage operation model provides the amount of carbon dioxide used as a circulating working fluid in the energy storage system, which can be used to correct the actual carbon emissions of the power system.

[0092] In this embodiment of the present invention, the actual carbon emission model is expressed as follows:

[0093]

[0094] in, Indicates the actual carbon emissions during the system scheduling period; represents the equivalent carbon emissions generated by the system's external electricity purchases during period t; represents the carbon dioxide used as a circulating working fluid in the energy storage system, a1, b1 and c1 are the carbon emission calculation coefficients of the thermal power unit, is the carbon dioxide emissions generated by the thermal power unit during period t, is the total amount of carbon dioxide captured by the carbon capture device during period t, is the power purchased by the power system from the external grid during period t, and T is the total number of time periods in the dispatch cycle.

[0095] In an embodiment of the present invention, by considering the actual carbon emissions during the scheduling period, the equivalent carbon emissions generated by purchased electricity, and the carbon dioxide used as a circulating working fluid in the energy storage system, the actual carbon emission model constructed can accurately quantify the carbon emissions of the power system, provide accurate data support for the low-carbon operation of the power system, and help to achieve more effective carbon emission reduction strategies.

[0096] S32. Construct a carbon emission quota model based on the carbon emission quota allocated during the dispatching period, the carbon emission quota corresponding to external power purchases and carbon capture units, and the carbon emission quota per unit power purchase and power consumption of carbon emission units.

[0097] In the embodiment of the present invention, the carbon emission quota model is expressed as follows:

[0098] E qua,total=E qua,ebuy +E qua,ccs (12)

[0099]

[0100] Among them, E qua，total represents the carbon emission quota allocated by the system during the scheduling period, E qua，ebuy and E qua，ccs They represent the carbon emission quota corresponding to the system’s external power purchase and carbon capture units. ebuy and χ ccs They represent the carbon emission quota per unit of purchased electricity power and the carbon emission unit power generation power consumption, represents the net output power of the carbon capture unit in time period t.

[0101] In the embodiment of the present invention, by introducing a carbon emission rights quota model, the power system can reasonably allocate carbon emission rights and reduce unnecessary carbon emission costs.

[0102] In one embodiment, step S4, establishing a tiered carbon trading mechanism for the power system based on the actual carbon emission model and the carbon emission quota model, includes:

[0103] A tiered carbon trading mechanism for the power system is established based on the system's carbon emission quota, system carbon trading costs, carbon trading base price, carbon emission interval length and carbon trading price growth rate.

[0104] In this embodiment of the present invention, the expression of the ladder carbon trading mechanism is as follows:

[0105]

[0106] Among them, E trade Indicates the carbon emission quota of the system participating in the transaction, that is, the difference between the actual carbon emissions of the system and the total carbon emission quota; C trade represents the system carbon trading cost, λ represents the carbon trading base price, l represents the length of the carbon emission interval, and κ represents the carbon trading price growth rate.

[0107] In an embodiment of the present invention, the design of a tiered carbon trading mechanism can encourage the power system to make greater use of low-carbon energy, such as renewable energy and carbon capture technology. By reasonably setting the carbon trading base price and the length of the carbon emission interval, the low-carbon operation effect of the power system can be effectively improved.

[0108] In one embodiment, step S4 establishes a three-side coordinated scheduling model based on the three-side coordinated operation mode and the tiered carbon trading mechanism, including:

[0109] S41. Determine the system operating costs based on the three-party coordinated operation model, determine the carbon trading costs based on the tiered carbon trading mechanism, and construct an objective function based on the system's external power purchase costs, carbon trading costs, system operating costs, and penalty costs for wind and solar power curtailment;

[0110] In this embodiment of the present invention, the overall optimization of the power system can be achieved under the three-side coordinated operation mode. This embodiment of the present invention obtains the system operating costs under the three-side coordinated operation mode and uses them to construct an objective function. In this embodiment of the present invention, the carbon trading costs can be determined based on the tiered carbon trading mechanism and used to construct the objective function.

[0111] In this embodiment of the present invention, the objective function is expressed as follows:

[0112] minC=C buy +C trade +C op +C curt (17)

[0113] Among them, C buy 、C trade 、C op and C curt They respectively represent the system's external electricity purchase cost, carbon trading cost, system operation cost and penalty cost for wind and solar power abandonment.

[0114] In the embodiment of the present invention, the expression of the system's external electricity purchase cost is as follows:

[0115]

[0116] in, It represents the electricity price purchased at time t, and Δt represents the time interval between adjacent moments.

[0117] The expression of system operation cost is as follows:

[0118] C op =C op,ccs +C op,cs +C op,lces (19)

[0119]

[0120] Where: C op，ccs 、C op，cs and C op，lces Respectively represent the power generation cost of the carbon capture unit, the carbon storage and solution loss cost, and the energy storage system operating cost. a2, b2, and c2 are the power generation cost coefficients of the carbon capture unit. ε fc and ε lces They represent the carbon storage cost coefficient and the unit capacity maintenance cost coefficient of the energy storage system respectively. L and βL They represent the solution operation loss coefficient and cost coefficient respectively.

[0121] The expression of the penalty cost for curtailing wind and solar power is as follows:

[0122]

[0123] Where: c curt represents the unit penalty cost for curtailing wind and solar power, and Represent the abandoned power of wind turbines and photovoltaic units respectively.

[0124] The embodiment of the present invention constructs an objective function by comprehensively considering the electricity purchase cost, carbon trading cost, operating cost and penalty cost for curtailing wind and solar power, which can significantly reduce the overall operating cost of the power system. The introduction of carbon trading cost and penalty cost for curtailing wind and solar power can effectively promote the low-carbonization of the system during operation.

[0125] S42. Based on the objective function and dispatch constraints, a three-side coordinated dispatch model is established, where the dispatch constraints include power flow balance constraints, node power balance constraints, wind and solar power unit output constraints, carbon capture unit operation constraints, energy storage system operation constraints, interconnection line power constraints, and safe operation constraints.

[0126] In the embodiment of the present invention, the expression of the power flow balance constraint is as follows:

[0127]

[0128] Where: v(j) and w(j) represent the first node set and the last node set of the branch connected to node j respectively; P ij,t , Q ij,t Indicates branch active power and power; r ij and x ij Indicates branch resistance and reactance; P j,t , Q j,t Indicates the active and reactive power injected into the node; I ij,t Indicates branch current; U j,t represents the node voltage; subscripts ij, j, and t represent branch ij, node j, and time period t.

[0129] The expression of the node power constraint balance constraint is as follows:

[0130]

[0131] The expression of wind and solar power unit output constraint is as follows:

[0132]

[0133] Where: and represents the predicted active power generated by the wind and solar power generator connected to node i; φ WG and φ PV Indicates the set power factor of the wind and solar generator set.

[0134] The expression of the carbon capture unit operation constraint is as follows:

[0135]

[0136] Where: and Indicates the upper and lower limits of the carbon capture unit output; R ccs Indicates the maximum ramp limit of the carbon capture unit; Indicates the maximum operating energy consumption during the carbon capture process.

[0137] The expression of the energy storage system operation constraint is as follows:

[0138]

[0139] Where: and Indicates the upper and lower limits of the energy storage system discharge power; and Indicates the upper and lower limits of LCES charging power; It is a 0-1 variable that indicates the charging and discharging status of the compressor and turbine in LCES.

[0140] The expression of tie line power constraint is as follows:

[0141]

[0142] Where: Indicates the maximum allowable power limit of the tie line.

[0143] The expression of the safe operation constraint is as follows:

[0144]

[0145] Where: They represent the upper and lower limits of the voltage allowed at node i respectively; They represent the upper and lower limits of the current allowed for line ij respectively.

[0146] In this embodiment of the present invention, the three-side coordinated dispatch model considers multiple constraints, including power flow balance, node power balance, wind and solar turbine output, carbon capture unit operation, energy storage system operation, tie-line power, and safe operation. This comprehensive constraint setting improves system flexibility and stability, enabling it to cope with load fluctuations and the uncertainty of renewable energy generation.

[0147] In one embodiment, step S5, changing the three-side collaborative operation mode, solving the three-side collaborative scheduling model to obtain corresponding solution results, and determining the final three-side collaborative operation mode by comparing multiple solution results, includes:

[0148] S51. Setting different simulation scenarios and changing the three-side coordinated operation mode of the power system under different simulation scenarios;

[0149] In an embodiment of the present invention, different typical operation scenarios of the power system, i.e., different simulation scenarios, can be set to solve the three-side coordinated dispatching model, and the three-side coordinated operation mode can be changed to repeatedly solve the three-side coordinated dispatching model. By comparing the system operation cost, new energy consumption and carbon emissions in the solution results, the effectiveness of the three-side coordinated operation mode of the power system source, load and storage can be verified.

[0150] In an embodiment of the present invention, setting different simulation scenarios includes:

[0151] Scenario 1: Low-carbon economic dispatch of the system without considering the source-side carbon capture unit, compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system, and load-side demand response;

[0152] Scenario 2: Based on Scenario 1, the system low-carbon economic dispatch under the compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system is considered;

[0153] Scenario 3: Based on Scenario 2, the system low-carbon economic dispatch is considered in collaboration with the source-side carbon capture unit and the compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system;

[0154] Scenario 4: Low-carbon economic dispatch of the system considering source-side carbon capture units, compressed carbon dioxide energy storage systems, and load-side demand response.

[0155] By setting different simulation scenarios and changing the three-side coordinated operation mode of the power system, the embodiment of the present invention can comprehensively evaluate the system operating costs under different operation modes according to the solution results, and thus effectively reduce the system operating costs while ensuring low-carbon operation.

[0156] S52. Solve the three-side coordinated scheduling model to obtain corresponding solution results, which include system operation costs, new energy consumption and carbon emissions;

[0157] In an embodiment of the present invention, a three-side coordinated dispatch model can be solved based on the Cplex solver of the Matlab platform. During the process of solving the three-side coordinated dispatch model, the installed capacity of the wind power field and the photovoltaic power station is changed to change the new energy penetration rate of the power system. The expression of the new energy penetration rate ξ is as follows:

[0158]

[0159] Among them, N wand N PV are the total number of wind farms and photovoltaic power stations connected to the grid; s w and s PV are the numbers of wind farms and photovoltaic power stations respectively; and They are the sth typical scenario w Wind farms and the s PV The installed capacity of photovoltaic power stations; LD.max is the maximum load power in the microgrid.

[0160] In an embodiment of the present invention, different new energy penetration rates will affect the operating characteristics of the entire system. For example, a high penetration rate may lead to more volatility and uncertainty, which in turn affects the effectiveness of collaborative measures. By changing the installed capacity of wind farms and photovoltaic power stations, thereby changing the new energy penetration rate in the power system, the solution can be obtained under different new energy penetration rates and different operating scenarios. The solution results under different situations are comprehensively considered, and the reliability of the final three-side collaborative operation mode is effectively improved.

[0161] S53. Determine the three-side collaborative operation mode in different simulation scenarios according to the solution results.

[0162] In an embodiment of the present invention, the system operating cost, new energy consumption and carbon emissions are comprehensively considered to determine the optimal three-side coordinated operation mode that meets these parameter conditions, including: when the system operating cost, new energy consumption and carbon emissions are within the preset threshold range, the current three-side coordinated operation mode is determined as the optimal three-side coordinated operation mode.

[0163] See also Figure 2 , which is another flow chart of a method for determining an operating mode of an electric power system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0164] The implementation of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0165] The embodiment of the present invention establishes a three-side collaborative scheduling model through a collaborative carbon trading mechanism and a three-side collaborative operation mode, obtains corresponding solution results by solving the three-side collaborative scheduling model, and determines the final three-side collaborative operation mode after comparing multiple solution results, so that the power system can achieve efficient low-carbon operation.

[0166] Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention construct an objective function by comprehensively considering the electricity purchase cost, carbon trading cost, operating cost and penalty cost for wind and solar power curtailment, which can significantly reduce the overall operating cost of the power system. The introduction of carbon trading cost and penalty cost for wind and solar power curtailment can effectively promote the low-carbonization of the system during operation.

[0167] See also Figure 3Based on the same inventive concept as the above embodiment, the present invention further provides an apparatus for determining an operation mode of a power system, comprising:

[0168] A coordinated operation mode construction module 10 is used to construct a three-side coordinated operation mode of the power system based on the three-side operation characteristics of the power system, wherein the three-side operation characteristics include capturing carbon dioxide generated by thermal power units through carbon capture devices on the source side, guiding users to actively adjust their electricity consumption behavior through a demand response mechanism on the load side, and compressing carbon dioxide using a compressed liquid carbon dioxide energy storage system on the storage side; the three-side coordinated operation mode includes a source-side operation mode that optimizes carbon emissions from thermal power units on the source side, a load-side operation mode that optimizes load distribution on the load side, and a storage-side operation mode that meets the load demand of the source side.

[0169] A mathematical model construction module 20 is used to construct a mathematical model corresponding to each side based on the three-side coordinated operation mode. The mathematical model includes a source-side carbon capture unit operation model, a storage-side compressed liquid carbon dioxide energy storage operation model, and a load-side low-carbon demand response model.

[0170] A carbon emission model construction module 30 is used to construct an actual carbon emission model of the power system based on the corresponding mathematical model of each side, and to construct a carbon emission quota model based on the carbon emission quota corresponding to the purchased electricity and carbon capture units;

[0171] A collaborative dispatch model building module 40 is used to establish a tiered carbon trading mechanism for the power system based on the actual carbon emission model and the carbon emission quota model, and to establish a three-side collaborative dispatch model based on the three-side collaborative operation mode and the tiered carbon trading mechanism;

[0172] The collaborative operation mode determination module 50 is used to change the three-side collaborative operation mode, solve the three-side collaborative scheduling model to obtain corresponding solution results, and determine the final three-side collaborative operation mode by comparing multiple solution results.

[0173] In one embodiment, the three-side coordinated operation mode of the power system includes:

[0174] On the source side, the carbon dioxide generated during the operation of the thermal power unit is transported to the carbon capture device;

[0175] The load side uses the demand response mechanism to guide users to actively adjust their electricity consumption behavior;

[0176] The storage side is coupled with renewable energy units. During peak load periods, the stored liquid carbon dioxide is used to release energy; during low load periods, the renewable energy that has not been fully absorbed is converted into heat energy in the liquid carbon dioxide for storage.

[0177] In one embodiment, the mathematical model building module 20 is further configured to:

[0178] A source-side carbon capture unit operation model is constructed based on the net output power of the carbon capture unit, the power generation power of the carbon capture unit, the operating energy consumption of the carbon capture unit for capturing carbon dioxide, and the inherent energy consumption of the carbon capture unit studio in the source-side operation mode;

[0179] A storage-side compressed liquid carbon dioxide energy storage operation model is constructed based on the energy storage system charging power, compressor working fluid mass flow, actual compression outlet working fluid specific enthalpy, and actual compression inlet specific enthalpy in the storage-side operation mode.

[0180] According to the load side operation mode, the load elasticity matrix, initial peak electricity price, initial flat electricity price, initial valley electricity price, initial peak load, initial flat load, initial valley load, change in peak electricity price after response, change in flat electricity price after response, change in valley electricity price after response, peak load after response, flat load after response and valley load after response, a load side low-carbon demand response model is constructed.

[0181] In one embodiment, the carbon emission model building module 30 is further configured to:

[0182] Construct an actual carbon emission model based on the actual carbon emissions during the dispatch period, the equivalent carbon emissions generated by purchased electricity, and the carbon dioxide used as a circulating working fluid in the energy storage system;

[0183] A carbon emission quota model is constructed based on the carbon emission quota allocated during the scheduling period, the carbon emission quota corresponding to external power purchases and carbon capture units, and the carbon emission quota per unit power purchase and power generation consumption of carbon emission units.

[0184] In one embodiment, the collaborative scheduling model building module 40 is further configured to:

[0185] A tiered carbon trading mechanism for the power system is established based on the system's carbon emission quota, system carbon trading costs, carbon trading base price, carbon emission interval length and carbon trading price growth rate.

[0186] In one embodiment, the collaborative scheduling model building module 40 is further configured to:

[0187] Determine the system operating cost based on the three-side coordinated operation mode, determine the carbon trading cost based on the tiered carbon trading mechanism, and construct an objective function based on the system's external power purchase cost, carbon trading cost, system operating cost, and penalty cost for wind and solar power curtailment;

[0188] According to the objective function and dispatch constraints, a three-side coordinated dispatch model is established, where the dispatch constraints include flow balance constraints, node power balance constraints, wind and solar unit output constraints, carbon capture unit operation constraints, energy storage system operation constraints, interconnection line power constraints and safe operation constraints.

[0189] In one embodiment, the cooperative operation mode determination module 50 is further configured to:

[0190] Set different simulation scenarios and change the three-side coordinated operation mode of the power system under different simulation scenarios;

[0191] Solve the three-side coordinated scheduling model to obtain the corresponding solution results, including system operating costs, new energy consumption and carbon emissions;

[0192] The three-side collaborative operation mode in different simulation scenarios is determined based on the solution results.

[0193] Accordingly, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a terminal device, comprising: a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor, wherein when the processor executes the computer program, the method for determining the operating mode of the power system according to any one of the above embodiments is implemented.

[0194] The terminal device of this embodiment includes: a processor, a memory, and a computer program and computer instructions stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, each step in the above embodiment 1 is implemented, such as Figure 1 Alternatively, when the processor executes the computer program, the functions of the modules / units in the above-mentioned device embodiment are realized, such as the collaborative scheduling model building module 40 .

[0195] Exemplarily, the computer program can be divided into one or more modules / units, one or more modules / units are stored in a memory and executed by a processor to complete the present invention. One or more modules / units can be a series of computer program instruction segments that can perform specific functions, and the instruction segments are used to describe the execution process of the computer program in the terminal device. For example, the collaborative scheduling model construction module 40 is used to establish a ladder carbon trading mechanism for the power system based on the actual carbon emission model and the carbon emission quota model, and to establish a three-side collaborative scheduling model based on the three-side collaborative operation mode and the ladder carbon trading mechanism.

[0196] Terminal devices can be computing devices such as desktop computers, laptops, PDAs, and cloud servers. Terminal devices may include, but are not limited to, processors and memory. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the schematic diagrams are merely examples of terminal devices and do not limit the scope of terminal devices. Terminal devices may include more or fewer components than shown, or combinations of certain components, or different components. For example, terminal devices may also include input / output devices, network access devices, buses, and the like.

[0197] The processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The processor is the control center of the terminal device, connecting various parts of the entire terminal device using various interfaces and lines.

[0198] The memory can be used to store computer programs and / or modules. The processor implements various functions of the terminal device by running or executing the computer programs and / or modules stored in the memory, and calling the data stored in the memory. The memory can mainly include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area can store an operating system, at least one application required for a function, etc.; the data storage area can store data created based on the use of the mobile terminal, etc. In addition, the memory can include high-speed random access memory and non-volatile memory, such as a hard disk, internal memory, a plug-in hard disk, a smart media card (SMC), a secure digital (SD) card, a flash card (Flash Card), at least one disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage device.

[0199] If the module / unit integrated into the terminal device is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the present invention can implement all or part of the process in the above-mentioned embodiment method, and can also be completed by a computer program to instruct the relevant hardware. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it can implement the steps of each of the above-mentioned method embodiments. The computer program includes computer program code, which can be in source code form, object code form, executable file or some intermediate form. The computer-readable medium can include: any entity or device capable of carrying computer program code, recording medium, USB flash drive, mobile hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electric carrier signal, telecommunication signal and software distribution medium. It should be noted that the content contained in the computer-readable medium can be appropriately increased or decreased according to the requirements of legislation and patent practice in the jurisdiction. For example, in some jurisdictions, according to legislation and patent practice, computer-readable media does not include electric carrier signals and telecommunication signals.

[0200] Accordingly, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which includes a stored computer program, wherein when the computer program is running, the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located is controlled to execute the method for determining the operating mode of the power system as described in any one of the above embodiments.

[0201] The above specific embodiments further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. In particular, it should be noted that any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention for those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A method for determining an operation mode of a power system, characterized in that: include: Based on the three-side operating characteristics of the power system, a three-side coordinated operating mode of the power system is constructed, wherein the three-side operating characteristics include capturing carbon dioxide generated by thermal power units through carbon capture devices on the source side, guiding users to actively adjust their electricity consumption behavior through a demand response mechanism on the load side, and compressing carbon dioxide using a compressed liquid carbon dioxide energy storage system on the storage side. The three-side coordinated operating mode includes a source-side operating mode that optimizes the carbon emissions of thermal power units on the source side, a load-side operating mode that optimizes load distribution on the load side, and a storage-side operating mode that meets the load demand on the source side. Based on the three-side coordinated operation mode, a mathematical model corresponding to each side is constructed, wherein the mathematical model includes a source-side carbon capture unit operation model, a storage-side compressed liquid carbon dioxide energy storage operation model, and a load-side low-carbon demand response model; Based on the mathematical models corresponding to each side, the actual carbon emission model of the power system is constructed, and the carbon emission quota model is constructed based on the carbon emission quota corresponding to the purchased electricity and carbon capture units; Establishing a tiered carbon trading mechanism for the power system based on the actual carbon emission model and the carbon emission quota model, and establishing a three-side coordinated dispatch model based on the three-side coordinated operation mode and the tiered carbon trading mechanism; The three-side collaborative operation mode is changed, the three-side collaborative scheduling model is solved to obtain a corresponding solution result, and the final three-side collaborative operation mode is determined by comparing multiple solution results.

2. The method for determining the operation mode of the power system according to claim 1, wherein: The three-side coordinated operation mode of the power system includes: On the source side, the carbon dioxide generated during the operation of the thermal power unit is transported to the carbon capture device; The load side uses the demand response mechanism to guide users to actively adjust their electricity consumption behavior; The storage side is coupled with renewable energy units. During peak load periods, the stored liquid carbon dioxide is used to release energy; during low load periods, the renewable energy that has not been fully absorbed is converted into heat energy in the liquid carbon dioxide for storage.

3. The method for determining the operation mode of the power system according to claim 1, wherein: Based on the three-side collaborative operation mode, a mathematical model corresponding to each side is constructed, including: Constructing a source-side carbon capture unit operation model according to the net output power of the carbon capture unit, the power generation power of the carbon capture unit, the operating energy consumption of the carbon capture unit for capturing carbon dioxide, and the inherent energy consumption of the carbon capture unit working room in the source-side operation mode; Constructing a storage-side compressed liquid carbon dioxide energy storage operation model according to the energy storage system charging power, compressor working fluid mass flow, actual compression outlet working fluid specific enthalpy, and actual compression inlet specific enthalpy in the storage-side operation mode; According to the load side operation mode, the load elasticity matrix, the initial peak electricity price, the initial flat electricity price, the initial valley electricity price, the initial peak load, the initial flat load, the initial valley load, the change in peak electricity price after response, the change in flat electricity price after response, the change in valley electricity price after response, the peak load after response, the flat load after response and the valley load after response, a load side low-carbon demand response model is constructed.

4. The method for determining the operation mode of the power system according to claim 1, wherein: The actual carbon emission model of the power system is constructed based on the mathematical model corresponding to each side, and the carbon emission quota model is constructed according to the carbon emission quota corresponding to the purchased electricity and carbon capture units, including: Determine the actual carbon emissions during the scheduling period based on the source-side carbon capture unit operation model, determine the external power purchase based on the load-side low-carbon demand response model, and determine the carbon dioxide used for circulation in the energy storage system based on the storage-side compressed liquid carbon dioxide energy storage operation model; construct an actual carbon emissions model based on the actual carbon emissions during the scheduling period, the equivalent carbon emissions generated by the external power purchase, and the carbon dioxide used as a circulating working fluid in the energy storage system; A carbon emission quota model is constructed based on the carbon emission quota allocated during the scheduling period, the carbon emission quota corresponding to external power purchases and carbon capture units, and the carbon emission quota per unit power purchase and power generation consumption of carbon emission units.

5. The method for determining the operation mode of the power system according to claim 1, wherein: The stepwise carbon trading mechanism for the power system is established based on the actual carbon emission model and the carbon emission quota model, including: A tiered carbon trading mechanism for the power system is established based on the system's carbon emission quota, system carbon trading costs, carbon trading base price, carbon emission interval length and carbon trading price growth rate.

6. The method for determining the operation mode of the power system according to claim 1, wherein: Based on the three-side coordinated operation mode and the tiered carbon trading mechanism, a three-side coordinated scheduling model is established, including: Determine the system operating cost according to the three-side coordinated operation mode, determine the carbon trading cost according to the tiered carbon trading mechanism, and construct an objective function based on the system's external power purchase cost, the carbon trading cost, the system operating cost, and the penalty cost for wind and solar power curtailment; According to the objective function and dispatch constraints, a three-side coordinated dispatch model is established, wherein the dispatch constraints include power flow balance constraints, node power balance constraints, wind and solar power unit output constraints, carbon capture unit operation constraints, energy storage system operation constraints, interconnection line power constraints and safe operation constraints.

7. The method for determining the operation mode of the power system according to claim 1, wherein: Changing the three-side coordinated operation mode, solving the three-side coordinated scheduling model to obtain corresponding solution results, and determining the final three-side coordinated operation mode by comparing multiple solution results, includes: Set different simulation scenarios and change the three-side coordinated operation mode of the power system under different simulation scenarios; Solving the three-side coordinated scheduling model to obtain corresponding solution results, wherein the solution results include system operating costs, new energy consumption and carbon emissions; The three-side collaborative operation mode in different simulation scenarios is determined according to the solution results.

8. A device for determining an operation mode of a power system, characterized in that: include: A collaborative operation mode construction module is used to construct a three-side collaborative operation mode of the power system based on the three-side operation characteristics of the power system, wherein the three-side operation characteristics include capturing carbon dioxide generated by thermal power units through carbon capture devices on the source side, guiding users to actively adjust their electricity consumption behavior through a demand response mechanism on the load side, and compressing carbon dioxide using a compressed liquid carbon dioxide energy storage system on the storage side; the three-side collaborative operation mode includes a source-side operation mode that optimizes the carbon emissions of thermal power units on the source side, a load-side operation mode that optimizes load distribution on the load side, and a storage-side operation mode that meets the load demand of the source side on the storage side; a mathematical model construction module, configured to construct a mathematical model corresponding to each side based on the three-side coordinated operation mode, the mathematical model comprising a source-side carbon capture unit operation model, a storage-side compressed liquid carbon dioxide energy storage operation model, and a load-side low-carbon demand response model; A carbon emission model construction module is used to construct the actual carbon emission model of the power system based on the corresponding mathematical model on each side, and to construct a carbon emission quota model based on the carbon emission quota corresponding to the purchased electricity and carbon capture units; A collaborative dispatch model construction module is used to establish a ladder carbon trading mechanism for the power system based on the actual carbon emission model and the carbon emission quota model, and to establish a three-side collaborative dispatch model based on the three-side collaborative operation mode and the ladder carbon trading mechanism; The collaborative operation mode determination module is used to change the three-side collaborative operation mode, solve the three-side collaborative scheduling model to obtain a corresponding solution result, and determine the final three-side collaborative operation mode by comparing multiple solution results.

9. A terminal device, characterized in that: include: A processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor, wherein when the processor executes the computer program, the method for determining the operating mode of the power system according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The computer-readable storage medium includes a stored computer program; wherein, when the computer program is running, the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located is controlled to execute the method for determining the operating mode of the power system according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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