Automatic charging system and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage systems, and discloses an automatic power supply system and method, and the system comprises a power supply mainboard and a plurality of power supply subboards. The power compensation sub-board comprises a relay bus network, and the relay bus network comprises a plurality of relays; wherein the charging main board determines the battery cell with the lowest voltage according to the battery cell voltage data; and the power supply sub-board dynamically switches the relay combination by controlling the on-off of the plurality of relays to form a multiplex power supply path of the multiple battery cells, so that the power supply is directionally distributed to the target battery cell. According to the invention, the external power supply is used for supplying power, the battery cells needing to be charged and equalized in the energy storage system are automatically identified, and when the voltage of the battery cells is low and unbalanced, automatic charging is realized, so that the situation that manual intervention is needed for charging the energy storage battery cells is effectively reduced or eliminated; the shutdown problem caused by low battery cell voltage or large battery cell voltage difference of the power station battery cluster is avoided; in addition, due to the fact that a multiplex electricity supplementing path of multiple battery cells is formed, use of relays is reduced, and cost is effectively controlled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of energy storage systems, and in particular to an automatic power replenishment system and method. Background Art

[0002] During the long-term operation of an energy storage power station, inconsistent voltages may occur within the battery cells within the cluster. Inconsistent cell voltages prevent the battery cluster from fully utilizing its full energy capacity and negatively impact its service life. Therefore, when inconsistent battery charge levels occur, batteries must be recharged and balanced.

[0003] Existing energy storage batteries on the market have large capacities, and using BMS automatic balancing suffers from low current and inefficiency. Manual charging is also prone to errors such as incorrect charging, overcharging, or undercharging. These issues can lead to reduced battery performance, increased maintenance costs, and even potential safety hazards. Therefore, improvements to existing technologies are needed.

[0004] The above information is presented as background information only to assist with an understanding of the present disclosure and is not a determination or admission that any of the above may be applicable as prior art with respect to the present disclosure. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides an automatic power replenishment system and method to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] An automatic power replenishment system, comprising:

[0008] The charging mainboard is used to obtain voltage data of each battery cell in the energy storage system; cluster voltage information to determine whether the system is in charging, discharging, or static state, and determine whether to issue a charging instruction based on the system status; identify the target battery cell and, when determining to issue a charging instruction, generate a charging control signal containing the target battery cell information;

[0009] Multiple power supply boards are connected to the power supply main board, used to collect voltage data of target cells and transmit it to the power supply main board, and also used to drive an external power supply to supply power to the target cells after receiving the power supply control signal;

[0010] The supplementary electronic board includes a relay bus network, and the relay bus network includes a plurality of relays;

[0011] in:

[0012] The power supply mainboard determines the battery cell with the lowest voltage based on the battery cell voltage data;

[0013] The power replenishment sub-board dynamically switches the relay combination by controlling the on and off of the multiple relays to form a multiplexed power replenishment path for multiple cells, so that the power is distributed directionally to the target cell.

[0014] Optionally, the automatic power replenishment system further includes:

[0015] An external power conversion module, connected to the supplementary electronic board, is used to convert the external power into a voltage suitable for supplementary power of the battery cells;

[0016] The supplementary electronic board distributes the converted power to the target battery cells by controlling the on and off of the plurality of relays.

[0017] Optionally, the relay bus network includes M shared double-pole double-throw relays and K electrical connection switches;

[0018] The supplementary electronic board controls the conduction states of the M common double-pole double-throw relays and the K electrical connection switches to connect the external power supply to a combination of different buses to form the multiplexed supplementary power path;

[0019] Wherein, M and K are natural numbers other than zero.

[0020] Optionally, the moving contacts of the M shared double-pole double-throw relays are connected in parallel at the output end of the transformer, and the normally open contacts form 2M independent buses;

[0021] The K electrical connection switches connect the 2M independent buses to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cells, and K increases with the number of battery cells;

[0022] The positive and negative electrodes of each battery cell are connected to the bus via at least one electrical connection switch.

[0023] Optionally, the electrical connection switch is a relay, a field effect transistor or a MOS transistor.

[0024] Optionally, the supplementary electronic board further includes:

[0025] An isolation transformer for converting an external power supply into a DC voltage and inputting the DC voltage into the relay bus network;

[0026] MOS tube control module, used to close the multiplexing power supply path when collecting battery cell voltage;

[0027] The communication module is used to transmit cell voltage data and charging instructions between the charging main board and the charging sub-board based on the CAN bus or RS485 communication protocol.

[0028] The present invention further provides an automatic power replenishment method, which is implemented based on the automatic power replenishment system as described in any one of the above items, comprising:

[0029] The voltage data of each battery cell in the energy storage system is collected through multiple supplementary electronic boards, and the voltage data is uploaded to the supplementary main board;

[0030] The power supply mainboard determines the target battery cell with the lowest voltage based on the received voltage data;

[0031] The power supply mainboard collects cluster voltage information, determines whether the system is currently in a charging state, a discharging state, or a static state, and determines whether to issue a power supply instruction based on the system state;

[0032] If it is determined to issue a power replenishment instruction, the power replenishment main board generates a power replenishment control signal containing target cell information, and sends the power replenishment control signal to the corresponding power replenishment sub-board through a communication protocol;

[0033] After receiving the power replenishment control signal, the power replenishment electronic board controls the on and off of multiple relays in the relay bus network, dynamically switches the relay combination, and forms a multiplexed power replenishment path for multiple cells;

[0034] The external power supply is distributed to the target battery cell through the multiplexed power replenishment path to complete the power replenishment operation.

[0035] Optionally, the relay bus network includes M shared double-pole double-throw relays and K electrical connection switches;

[0036] The supplementary electronic board controls the conduction states of the M common double-pole double-throw relays and the K electrical connection switches to connect the external power supply to a combination of different buses to form the multiplexed supplementary power path;

[0037] Wherein, M and K are natural numbers other than zero.

[0038] Optionally, the moving contacts of the M shared double-pole double-throw relays are connected in parallel at the output end of the transformer, and the normally open contacts form 2M independent buses;

[0039] The K electrical connection switches connect the 2M independent buses to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cells, and K increases with the number of battery cells;

[0040] The positive and negative electrodes of each battery cell are connected to the bus via at least one electrical connection switch.

[0041] Optionally, the directing distribution of the external power supply to the target battery cell through the multiplexed power supply path includes:

[0042] The external power supply is converted into DC voltage by an isolation transformer and then input into the relay bus network;

[0043] When the replenishment electronic board collects the voltage data of the target battery cell, the MOS tube control module is used to close the multiplexing replenishment path to avoid voltage collection interference.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0045] The present invention provides an automatic power replenishment system and method, which rely on an external power supply to automatically identify battery cells in an energy storage system that require power replenishment and balancing. When the battery cell voltage is low and unbalanced, automatic power replenishment is achieved, effectively reducing or eliminating the need for manual intervention in power storage cell power replenishment, and avoiding shutdown problems caused by low battery cell voltage or large battery cell voltage difference in power station battery clusters. In addition, since a multiplexed power replenishment path is formed for multiple battery cells, the use of relays is reduced, effectively controlling costs.

[0046] The present invention has other features and advantages that will be apparent from or will be described in detail in the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description incorporated herein, which together serve to explain certain principles of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0048] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of an automatic power replenishment system provided by the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2 This is another structural diagram of an automatic power replenishment system provided by the present invention;

[0050] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the power supply electronic board and the power supply main board in the automatic power supply system provided by the present invention;

[0051] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the power replenishment principle in an automatic power replenishment system provided by the present invention;

[0052] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of a supplementary electronic board in an automatic supplementary power system provided by the present invention;

[0053] Figure 6 This is a flow chart of an automatic power replenishment method provided by the present invention;

[0054] Figure 7 The invention provides an 8-bus meter composed of 26 battery cells and 4 relays in an automatic power replenishment system.

[0055] Figure numerals: 11, power supply main board; 12, power supply electronic board; 121, isolation transformer; 122, MOS tube control module; 123, relay bus network; 30, external power conversion module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] In order to explain in detail the possible application scenarios, technical principles, specific solutions that can be implemented, and the purpose and effects of this application, the following is a detailed description of the specific embodiments listed in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described herein are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of this application and are therefore only examples and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0057] References to "embodiments" herein mean that the specific features, structures, or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the word "embodiment" in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it particularly limit its independence or relevance to other embodiments. In principle, in this application, as long as there are no technical contradictions or conflicts, the various technical features mentioned in the embodiments can be combined in any manner to form a corresponding implementable technical solution.

[0058] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs; the use of relevant terms herein is only for describing specific embodiments and is not intended to limit this application.

[0059] In the description of this application, the term "and / or" is used to describe a logical relationship between objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B means: A exists, B exists, and both A and B exist. In addition, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the objects before and after are in a logical "or" relationship.

[0060] In this application, terms such as "first" and "second" are merely used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual quantity, priority or sequence relationship between these entities or operations.

[0061] Without further limitations, in this application, the words "include", "comprise", "have" or other similar expressions used in the sentences are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. These expressions do not exclude the presence of additional elements in the process, method or product including the elements, so that the process, method or product including a series of elements may include not only those defined elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method or product.

[0062] Consistent with the understanding in the Examination Guidelines, in this application, expressions such as "greater than," "less than," and "exceed" are understood to exclude the number itself; expressions such as "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the number itself. Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means more than two (including two), and similar expressions related to "multiple" are also understood in this manner, such as "multiple groups," "multiple times," etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0063] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the space-related expressions used, such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "vertical", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicate the orientation or position relationship based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the specific embodiments or drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the specific embodiments of the present application or facilitating the reader's understanding, and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific position, a specific orientation, or be constructed or operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.

[0064] Unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, in the description of the embodiments of the present application, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed", "set", etc. used should be understood in a broad sense. For example, the "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated setting; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those skilled in the art of the present application, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0065] Example 1

[0066] Please refer to Figures 1 to 5 , an embodiment of the present invention provides an automatic power replenishment system, comprising:

[0067] The power replenishment mainboard 11 is used to obtain the voltage data of each battery cell in the energy storage system, cluster the voltage information, determine whether the system is in a charging state, a discharging state, or a static state, and determine whether to issue a power replenishment instruction based on the system status; identify the target battery cell, and when it is determined to issue a power replenishment instruction, generate a power replenishment control signal containing the target battery cell information.

[0068] Specifically, the power supply main board 11 compares the cell voltages collected by the power supply electronic board 12 and sends a power supply control signal to the power supply electronic board 12 based on the current state of the energy storage system. The power supply control signal includes a power supply start / stop signal and the cell number to be operated.

[0069] Multiple supplementary electronic boards 12 are connected to the supplementary main board 11 and are responsible for collecting voltage data from target cells and transmitting it to the supplementary main board 11. They also receive supplementary control signals and drive an external power supply to supplementary power to target cells. Specifically, the supplementary electronic boards 12 transmit the collected cell data to the supplementary main board 11, wait for the supplementary main board 11 to issue a supplementary power command, and then supplement power to the corresponding cells.

[0070] In this embodiment, the recharge mainboard 11 acquires cell voltage data, identifies target cells, and generates control signals. The recharge electronic board 12 collects and transmits data and, in response to commands, drives an external power source for recharge. Recharge of multiple cells is achieved through a relay bus network 123 and dynamically switching relays. The recharge power comes from an external power source, which the recharge electronic board 12 converts into a voltage suitable for recharging the cells.

[0071] Please refer to Figure 2 The electronic board 12 includes a relay bus network 123, including a plurality of relays, specifically including M shared double-pole double-throw relays and K electrical connection switches;

[0072] in:

[0073] The power supply mainboard 11 determines the battery cell with the lowest voltage based on the battery cell voltage data;

[0074] The power supply board 12 controls the on / off states of M shared double-pole double-throw relays and K electrical connection switches to connect the external power supply to a combination of different buses, forming a multiplexed power supply path for multiple battery cells; and distributes the power supply to the target battery cell by controlling the on / off states of the relays.

[0075] Please refer to Figure 3 In the automatic recharging system, the number of recharging boards 12 is determined by the number of packs in the energy storage system and the number of cells in each pack; 1, 2, 3, and 2, 6 cells are preferred. The recharging mainboard 11 compares the cell data transmitted by all recharging boards 12 and selects the cell with the lowest voltage in the entire energy storage system to be recharged.

[0076] The automatic power replenishment system also includes an external power conversion module 30, which is connected to the power replenishment electronic board 12 and is used to convert the external power into a voltage suitable for power replenishment of the battery cells; the power replenishment electronic board 12 controls the on and off of M shared double-pole double-throw relays and K electrical connection switches to distribute the converted power to the target battery cells.

[0077] Please refer to Figure 4 In this embodiment, the moving contacts of M shared double-pole double-throw relays are connected in parallel at the output end of the transformer, and the normally open contacts constitute 2M independent buses; K electrical connection switches connect the 2M independent buses and the positive and negative poles of the battery cells; the replenishment electronic board 12 controls the energized state of the M shared double-pole double-throw relays and the K electrical connection switches to connect the external power supply to a combination of different buses, thereby forming a multiplexed power replenishment path for the target battery cells.

[0078] The value of K increases with the number of cells. The positive and negative electrodes of each cell are connected to the bus via at least one electrical connection switch, which can be a relay, field-effect transistor, or MOS transistor.

[0079] In one optional implementation of this embodiment, the relay bus network 123 is composed of 4 double-pole double-throw relays to form 8 buses, and each bus multiplexes the positive and negative poles of multiple battery cells;

[0080] The supplementary electronic board 12 selects the connection path of the target battery cell by controlling K electrical connection switches.

[0081] Please refer to Figure 5 Furthermore, the electronic board 12 further includes:

[0082] an isolation transformer 121 for converting an external power supply into a DC voltage and inputting the DC voltage into the relay bus network 123;

[0083] MOS tube control module 122, used to close the multiplexing power supply path when collecting the battery cell voltage;

[0084] Communication module: The battery charging main board 11 and the battery charging electronic board 12 transmit battery cell voltage data and charging instructions based on the CAN bus or RS485 communication protocol through the communication module.

[0085] Example 2

[0086] Please refer to Figure 6 The present invention further provides an automatic power replenishment method, which is implemented based on the automatic power replenishment system in the above embodiment, and includes:

[0087] S1. Collect voltage data of each cell in the energy storage system through multiple supplementary electronic boards 12 and upload the voltage data to the supplementary power main board 11;

[0088] S2. The power supply mainboard 11 determines the target cell with the lowest voltage based on the received voltage data;

[0089] S3, the power supply mainboard 11 collects cluster voltage information, determines whether the system is currently in a charging state, a discharging state, or a static state, and determines whether to issue a power supply instruction based on the system state;

[0090] S4. If it is determined to issue a power replenishment instruction, the power replenishment main board 11 generates a power replenishment control signal containing target cell information and sends the signal to the corresponding power replenishment sub-board 12 through a communication protocol;

[0091] S5. The replenishment electronic board 12 dynamically switches the relay combination by controlling the on and off of the relay to form a multiplexed replenishment path for multiple cells, so that the power is distributed to the target cell in a direction.

[0092] Among them, after receiving the power supply control signal, the electronic board 12 dynamically switches the relay combination by controlling the on and off of M shared double-pole double-throw relays and K electrical connection switches in the relay bus network 123 to form a multiplexed power supply path for multiple battery cells.

[0093] Among them, when the replenishment electronic board 12 collects the voltage data of the target battery cell, the MOS tube control module 122 is used to close the multiplexing replenishment path to avoid voltage collection interference; the external power supply is directed to the target battery cell through the multiplexing replenishment path to complete the replenishment operation.

[0094] In this embodiment, the charging main board 11 obtains the battery cell voltage data, determines the target battery cell and generates a control signal; the charging electronic board 12 collects and transmits data and drives the external power supply to charge according to the command. The multi-cell charging is realized through the relay bus network 123 and the dynamic switching relay, thereby achieving automatic and accurate charging, reducing manual intervention, and improving the stability of the energy storage system and battery life.

[0095] Furthermore, the relay bus network 123 includes M shared double-pole double-throw relays and K electrical connection switches; the supplementary electronic board 12 controls the conduction state of the M shared double-pole double-throw relays and K electrical connection switches to connect the external power supply to a combination of different buses to form a multiplexed power supply path; wherein M and K are natural numbers other than zero.

[0096] Among them, the moving contacts of M shared double-pole double-throw relays are connected in parallel at the output end of the transformer, and the normally open contacts form 2M independent buses; K electrical connection switches connect the 2M independent buses to the positive and negative poles of the battery cells, and K increases with the number of battery cells; the positive and negative poles of each battery cell are connected to the bus through at least one electrical connection switch.

[0097] It can be understood that some of the M double-pole double-throw relays are used as shared relays, and the moving contacts in the shared relays are connected in parallel to the output end of the transformer, and the normally open contacts together constitute multiple buses, thereby further optimizing the power supply lines, improving space and resource utilization, and improving power supply efficiency.

[0098] By collaboratively controlling the closing and opening of shared relays with other relays, a multiplexed charging path is formed between the target cell and multiple buses. Some relays act as shared relays, and the charging electronic board 12 coordinates the shared relays with other relays to form a charging connection between the target cell and the bus. This reduces the number of relays used, prevents cell short circuits, and enhances system scalability.

[0099] Furthermore, the external power is directed to the target cell, further comprising:

[0100] S6 , the external power is converted into a DC voltage via the isolation transformer 121 and then input into the relay bus network 123 .

[0101] The external power supply is converted into a DC voltage by the isolation transformer 121 and then input into the relay bus network 123; wherein, the external power conversion module 30 converts the external power supply into an adaptive voltage, and the replenishment electronic board 12 controls multiple relays to send the converted power to the target battery cell, thereby ensuring that the external power supply is suitable for the battery cell replenishment and improving the safety and effectiveness of the replenishment.

[0102] When the charging electronic board 12 collects voltage data of the target battery cell, the MOS tube control module 122 closes the multiplexing charging path to avoid voltage collection interference, ensure the charging process is stable and accurate, ensure reliable data transmission, and improve system performance.

[0103] The automatic power replenishment system and method provided by the present invention are introduced in detail below.

[0104] First, the charging board 12 uses its own acquisition circuitry to collect voltage data from each battery cell at a set interval. Once the data is collected, it is uploaded to the charging mainboard 11 via the CAN bus or RS485 communication protocol. For example, the charging board 12 collects cell voltage data at a fixed interval (e.g., every 5 seconds) to ensure that the charging mainboard 11 can obtain the latest battery cell status.

[0105] After receiving the cell voltage data uploaded by the charging electronic board 12, the charging mainboard 11 compares the voltages of all cells. Using internal algorithms and logic, it identifies the cell with the lowest voltage as the target cell. It then collects cluster voltage information to determine whether the system is in charging, discharging, or quiescent state, and determines the charging priority based on the system status. The charging mainboard 11 then generates a charging instruction, which includes the target cell information and the corresponding relay activation logic.

[0106] Next, after receiving the recharging command from the recharging mainboard 11, the recharging electronic board 12 controls the relay assembly and switches accordingly. First, the external power source is converted to a voltage suitable for recharging the battery cells by the external power conversion module 30. This voltage is then converted to DC by the isolation transformer 121 and input into the relay bus network 123. When collecting voltage data for the target battery cells, the MOS transistor control module 122 disables the multiplexing recharging path to prevent interference with voltage collection. The recharging electronic board 12 then distributes power to the target battery cells by controlling the on / off switching of M shared double-pole double-throw relays and K electrical connection switches, forming a multiplexing recharging path and achieving recharging of the target battery cells.

[0107] For example, when relay bus network 123 consists of eight buses formed by four double-pole, double-throw relays, the supplementary electronic board 12 controls the energization of the corresponding relays according to the instructions, connecting the external power supply to the different bus combinations. Assuming the target battery cell is BAT1, the supplementary electronic board 12 controls relays RL3 and K1 to energize, allowing the external power supply to replenish BAT1 through the corresponding bus.

[0108] For coordinated control of shared relays and other relays, using a five-cell recharging system as an example, some of the double-pole, double-throw relays RL1, RL2, RL3, and RL4 function as shared relays, with their moving contacts connected in parallel at the transformer output, and their normally open contacts forming a bus. For cell BAT2, the recharging electronic board 12 coordinates the closing and opening of relays RL2, K1, and K2, connecting BAT2 to the corresponding bus and forming a multiplexed recharging path.

[0109] There are also the following charging solutions for different numbers of battery cells:

[0110] When the number of cells is small, for example, a five-cell (BAT1-BAT5) recharge system uses an external DC power supply, which then flows through a transformer to recharge the batteries while also providing isolation. Four double-pole, double-throw relays (RL1, RL2, RL3, and RL4) are shared, with the remaining relays K1, K2, and K3 being reused. The moving contacts of relays RL1, RL2, RL3, and RL4 are connected in parallel to the transformer output, with the normally open contacts forming eight bus lines.

[0111] After the battery cell BAT1 is connected to the relay K1, it is connected to the buses X5 and X6 derived from RL3; after the positive terminal of the battery cell BAT2 is connected to the relay K15, it is connected to the bus X3 derived from RL2, and after the negative terminal is connected to the relay K2, it is connected to the bus X4 derived from RL2; after the battery cell BAT3 is connected to the relay K2, it is connected to the buses X1 and X2 derived from RL1; after the positive terminal of the battery cell BAT4 is connected to the relay K2, it is connected to the bus X7 derived from RL4, and after the negative terminal is connected to the relay RL7, it is connected to the bus X8 derived from K3; after the battery cell BAT5 is connected to the relay K3, it is connected to the buses X1 and X2 derived from RL3.

[0112] During the recharging process, the MCU controls the corresponding relays to energize as it samples different battery cells. For example, when the MCU samples BAT1, relays RL3 and K1 energize; when it samples BAT2, relays RL2, K1, and K2 energize. This relay solution reduces the number of relays used, avoids the possibility of battery cell short circuits, and offers strong scalability.

[0113] When the number of cells is large, for example, when the number of cells increases to 26, the above-mentioned 4 relays forming 8 buses are still used, with a total of 18 relays. Figure 7 As shown, this is a charging solution for 26 cells, using the above 4 relays to form an 8-bus solution, with a total of 18 relays; it should be noted that, Figure 7 In the table, "0" indicates that the switch is engaged and "X" indicates that the switch is not engaged.

[0114] This embodiment achieves efficient recharging of multiple cells by rationally planning the connections between cells and the bus and reusing relays according to a specific pattern. For specific connection methods and relay engagement logic, refer to the corresponding table for 26 cells, 4 relays, and 8 buses. This table clearly shows the connection between each cell and the bus, as well as the relay status during the recharging process. In actual applications, simply expand the loop according to the connection pattern for a smaller number of cells to accommodate the recharging needs of more cells.

[0115] Finally, it should be noted that although the above embodiments have been described in the specification and drawings of this application, this does not limit the scope of patent protection of this application. All technical solutions generated by replacing or modifying equivalent structures or equivalent processes based on the essential concepts of this application using the contents recorded in the specification and drawings of this application, as well as directly or indirectly implementing the technical solutions of the above embodiments in other related technical fields, are included in the scope of patent protection of this application.

Claims

1. An automatic power replenishment system, characterized in that: include: The power supply mainboard is used to obtain the voltage data of each battery cell in the energy storage system; Cluster voltage information, determine whether the system is in charging, discharging, or static state, and determine whether to issue a recharge instruction based on the system state; identify the target battery cell, and when it is determined to issue a recharge instruction, generate a recharge control signal containing the target battery cell information; Multiple power supply boards are connected to the power supply main board, used to collect voltage data of target cells and transmit it to the power supply main board, and also used to drive an external power supply to supply power to the target cells after receiving the power supply control signal; The supplementary electronic board includes a relay bus network, and the relay bus network includes a plurality of relays; in: The power supply mainboard determines the battery cell with the lowest voltage based on the battery cell voltage data; The power replenishment sub-board dynamically switches the relay combination by controlling the on and off of the multiple relays to form a multiplexed power replenishment path for multiple cells, so that the power is distributed directionally to the target cell.

2. The automatic power replenishment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: An external power conversion module, connected to the supplementary electronic board, is used to convert the external power into a voltage suitable for supplementary power of the battery cells; The supplementary electronic board distributes the converted power to the target battery cells by controlling the on and off of the plurality of relays.

3. The automatic power replenishment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The relay bus network includes M shared double-pole double-throw relays and K electrical connection switches; The supplementary electronic board controls the conduction states of the M shared double-pole double-throw relays and the K electrical connection switches to connect the external power supply to a combination of different buses, thereby forming the multiplexed supplementary power path; Wherein, M and K are natural numbers other than zero.

4. The automatic power replenishment system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The moving contacts of the M shared double-pole double-throw relays are connected in parallel at the output end of the transformer, and the normally open contacts form 2M independent buses; The K electrical connection switches connect the 2M independent buses to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cells, and K increases with the number of battery cells; The positive and negative electrodes of each battery cell are connected to the bus via at least one electrical connection switch.

5. The automatic power replenishment system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The electrical connection switch is a relay, a field effect transistor or a MOS transistor.

6. The automatic power replenishment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supplementary electronic board also includes: An isolation transformer for converting an external power supply into a DC voltage and inputting the DC voltage into the relay bus network; MOS tube control module, used to close the multiplexing power supply path when collecting battery cell voltage; The communication module is used to transmit cell voltage data and charging instructions between the charging main board and the charging sub-board based on the CAN bus or RS485 communication protocol.

7. An automatic power replenishment method, characterized in that: The automatic power replenishment system according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is implemented, comprising: The voltage data of each battery cell in the energy storage system is collected through multiple supplementary electronic boards, and the voltage data is uploaded to the supplementary main board; The power supply mainboard determines the target battery cell with the lowest voltage based on the received voltage data; The power supply mainboard collects cluster voltage information, determines whether the system is currently in a charging state, a discharging state, or a static state, and determines whether to issue a power supply instruction according to the system state; If it is determined to issue a power replenishment instruction, the power replenishment main board generates a power replenishment control signal containing target cell information, and sends the power replenishment control signal to the corresponding power replenishment sub-board through a communication protocol; After receiving the power replenishment control signal, the power replenishment electronic board controls the on and off of multiple relays in the relay bus network, dynamically switches the relay combination, and forms a multiplexed power replenishment path for multiple cells; The external power supply is distributed to the target battery cell through the multiplexed power replenishment path to complete the power replenishment operation.

8. The automatic power replenishment method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The relay bus network includes M shared double-pole double-throw relays and K electrical connection switches; The supplementary electronic board controls the conduction states of the M shared double-pole double-throw relays and the K electrical connection switches to connect the external power supply to a combination of different buses, thereby forming the multiplexed supplementary power path; Wherein, M and K are natural numbers other than zero.

9. The automatic power replenishment method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The moving contacts of the M shared double-pole double-throw relays are connected in parallel at the output end of the transformer, and the normally open contacts form 2M independent buses; The K electrical connection switches connect the 2M independent buses to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cells, and K increases with the number of battery cells; The positive and negative electrodes of each battery cell are connected to the bus via at least one electrical connection switch.

10. The automatic power replenishment method according to claim 7, characterized in that: Directly distributing the external power supply to the target battery cell through the multiplexed power supply path includes: The external power supply is converted into DC voltage by an isolation transformer and then input into the relay bus network; When the replenishment electronic board collects the voltage data of the target battery cell, the MOS tube control module is used to close the multiplexing replenishment path to avoid voltage collection interference.

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