A method for designing a network layout of a submarine and buoy for observing a sea environment in a switching area

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of marine environment monitoring, in particular to a kind of network layout design method for exchange area sea environment observation of submarine and buoy, comprising: the core channel coordinate set of Indonesian through flow is extracted by multi-scale process identification algorithm, the spatiotemporal distribution matrix of Java upwelling intensity and monsoon influence weight coefficient;Based on observation platform adaptation model, typical marine process characteristic parameters are matched with sensitive sea area operation constraint condition, and platform type combination scheme is generated;Fixed-mobile platform joint data transmission link is constructed, and the topology graph of collaborative observation strategy is output;Using nested observation optimization algorithm, according to the characteristics of core channel area, upwelling area and monsoon influence area, high, medium and low sampling frequency are configured, and multi-resolution nested layout scheme is generated.The present application can realize the unity of spatial partition refinement, platform configuration collaboration and data acquisition high adaptability, and significantly improve the coverage integrity of Indo-Pacific exchange area sea environment observation network.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of marine environment monitoring, and in particular to a submarine and buoy network layout design method for exchange zone sea environment observation. BACKGROUND

[0002] Under the background of global climate change, the Indo-Pacific Exchange Zone, as an important ocean passage connecting the Pacific and the Indian Ocean, plays an increasingly important role in regional water transport, heat regulation and ecosystem maintenance. The oceanic processes in this region are highly complex, with multiple-scale dynamic phenomena such as throughflow, upwelling, monsoon circulation, etc. superimposed, which not only has significant hydrological nonlinear characteristics, but also is in a sensitive area where the marine rights and interests of multiple countries overlap. In order to carry out long-term, continuous and controllable environmental observation, multiple types of equipment such as submarine, buoy and mobile observation platform are gradually deployed in this area. However, due to the high heterogeneity of the spatial structure and the diversity of the process driving mechanism in the Indo-Pacific Exchange Zone, how to build a collaborative observation network with environmental driving capability and topological robustness has become a core challenge in the design of the ocean observation system.

[0003] The existing ocean observation platform layout method is mainly based on uniform grid layout or single platform type, which lacks process perception ability for throughflow structure, upwelling zone and monsoon transport area, resulting in prominent observation blind area in some key areas, asynchronous data sampling frequency and dynamic change. In addition, in the process of deploying multiple platforms, the existing method generally lacks embedding of sensitive sea area operation constraints and station optimization mechanism, and it is difficult to effectively consider the observation integrity. At the same time, the communication link construction mainly depends on fixed chain topology, lacks breakpoint continuation mechanism and anti-interference redundant link design, and the system stability is insufficient in high noise or politically sensitive sea areas. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a submarine and buoy network layout design method for exchange zone sea environment observation, which provides a whole-process network layout design method combining typical marine process feature parameter extraction, observation platform collaborative adaptation, topology construction and resolution nesting optimization, to realize high-resolution, sustainable and compliance observation coverage of the exchange zone sea area.

[0005] A submarine and buoy network layout design method for exchange zone sea environment observation, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1, sea area feature extraction: input historical ocean dynamic data of the Indo-Pacific Exchange Zone and sensitive sea area geopolitical boundary data, output typical marine process feature parameters through a multi-scale process identification algorithm, the typical marine process feature parameters including Indonesian throughflow core channel coordinate set, Java upwelling intensity spatiotemporal distribution matrix and monsoon influence weight coefficient;

[0007] S2, multi-platform collaborative strategy generation: input the feature parameters output by S1 into an observation platform adaptation model, combine the preset operation constraint conditions in sensitive sea areas, generate a platform type combination scheme, the platform type combination scheme includes the quantity ratio and function allocation of real-time subsurface buoys, self-contained subsurface buoys and Argo buoys, and the station coordinate is optimized based on the exclusive economic zone collaborative observation strategy;

[0008] S3, dynamic construction of network topology: input the platform type combination scheme output by S2 into a hybrid topology network generator, design a fixed-mobile platform joint data transmission link, configure a breakpoint continuation protocol through an acoustic wake-up module, and output a collaborative observation strategy topology graph;

[0009] S4, multi-resolution layout output: input the collaborative observation strategy topology graph of S3 into a nested observation optimization algorithm, configure high, medium and low sampling frequencies for the core channel area, the upwelling area and the monsoon influence area respectively, and generate a multi-resolution nested layout scheme, the multi-resolution nested layout scheme includes the subsurface buoy depth gradient, the buoy spacing matrix and the mobile platform cruise path.

[0010] Optionally, S1 includes:

[0011] S11, multi-source data standardization input: receive the Indo-Pacific Exchange Zone historical ocean dynamic data and sensitive sea area geopolitical boundary data, perform time and space dimension alignment processing on the Indo-Pacific Exchange Zone historical ocean dynamic data, and generate a standardized ocean dynamic data set;

[0012] S12, multi-scale ocean process decomposition: input the standardized ocean dynamic data set into a multi-scale process recognition algorithm, perform typical process scale differentiation processing through three-level wavelet packet decomposition, and output a multi-scale ocean process component set;

[0013] S13, extraction of typical feature parameters: perform feature parameter calculation operation based on the multi-scale ocean process component set to generate initial feature parameters, the feature parameter calculation operation includes:

[0014] calculate the vorticity field maximum value of the through-flow scale component to generate an initial core channel coordinate set;

[0015] calculate the vertical velocity standard deviation of the mesoscale vortex component to generate an initial upwelling intensity matrix;

[0016] calculate the kinetic energy spectrum density weight of the monsoon scale component to generate an initial monsoon influence weight coefficient;

[0017] S14, geopolitical constraint correction: fuse and correct the sensitive sea area geopolitical boundary data and the initial feature parameters, specifically including:

[0018] Traverse the initial core channel coordinate set, eliminate coordinate points with an exclusive economic zone overlap rate greater than 30%, and output the Indonesian through-flow core channel coordinate set;

[0019] Traverse the initial upwelling flow intensity matrix, set the data unit value of the matrix unit position falling within the control area to zero, and output the Java upwelling flow intensity spatiotemporal distribution matrix;

[0020] Applying a boundary attenuation function correction to the initial monsoon influence weight coefficient to generate a monsoon influence weight coefficient, wherein the boundary attenuation function is:

[0021] ;

[0022] wherein, the initial monsoon influence weight coefficient, d is the distance in nautical miles to the nearest boundary, is the boundary attenuation function, is the monsoon influence weight coefficient;

[0023] S15, feature parameter integration output: integrating the Indonesian through-flow core channel coordinate set, the Java upwelling flow intensity spatiotemporal distribution matrix, and the monsoon influence weight coefficient to generate a typical marine process feature parameter package.

[0024] Optionally, the typical process scale differentiation processing performed by the three-level wavelet packet decomposition includes:

[0025] The first-level decomposition extracts a monsoon scale component corresponding to low-frequency signals with a wavelength greater than 1000 km;

[0026] The second-level decomposition extracts a mesoscale vortex component corresponding to medium-frequency signals with a wavelength between 100 and 500 km;

[0027] The third-level decomposition extracts a through-flow scale component corresponding to high-frequency signals with a wavelength less than 50 km.

[0028] Optionally, the S2 includes:

[0029] S21, observation platform adaptation model initialization: by constructing the basic database of the observation platform adaptation model, sorting and summarizing the basic technical parameters of the observation platform, including the preset parameters of the real-time submersible, the preset parameters of the self-contained submersible, and the preset parameters of the Argo float, wherein:

[0030] The preset parameters of the real-time submersible include maximum working depth, data return frequency, and acoustic communication radius;

[0031] The preset parameters of the self-contained submersible include energy endurance time, storage capacity, and flow resistance;

[0032] The preset parameters of the Argo float include drift track deviation, profile measurement interval and satellite communication time delay;

[0033] S22, feature parameter-platform matching operation: the typical marine process feature parameters output by S1 are matched with the input observation platform adaptation model of the operation constraint conditions in the sensitive sea area, including real-time submersible ratio calculation, self-contained submersible function allocation and Argo float number allocation, to output an initial platform type combination scheme, including the number ratio and function allocation of real-time submersibles, self-contained submersibles and Argo floats;

[0034] S23, exclusive economic zone station optimization: according to the exclusive economic zone cooperative observation strategy, the station configuration in the platform type combination scheme involving the overlapping sea area and the control area of the exclusive economic zone is optimized.

[0035] Optionally, the S2 further includes:

[0036] S24, constraint condition compliance verification: the optimized platform type combination scheme is checked for compliance with the operation constraint conditions in the sensitive sea area item by item, including real-time submersible position verification, self-contained submersible depth verification and Argo float path verification, to output a compliant platform type combination scheme;

[0037] S25, collaborative strategy integration output: the compliant platform type combination scheme and its associated station coordinates are integrated to generate a final platform type combination scheme, and the station coordinates include a real-time submersible coordinate set, a self-contained submersible coordinate set and an Argo float initial position set.

[0038] Optionally, the exclusive economic zone cooperative observation strategy specifically is: by identifying the exclusive economic zone boundary coordinates of Malaysia and Indonesia, the multi-country sea area operation range is determined, the automatic weather station is arranged at the Malaysia Wanjie land-based station for nearshore atmospheric and marine flux observation, the real-time submersible is deployed in the Riau Strait in the Indonesia exclusive economic zone through China-Indonesia joint voyages to realize cross-country cooperative observation tasks, and in the open sea area, the Argo float array is arranged through self-organized marine voyages to build a background observation network, ensuring the collaboration of multi-source data coverage.

[0039] Optionally, the S3 includes:

[0040] S31, hybrid topology network generator initialization: the input interface of the hybrid topology network generator is configured to receive the platform type combination scheme output by S2, and analyze the real-time submersible coordinate set, the self-contained submersible coordinate set and the Argo float initial position set therein;

[0041] S32, fixed-mobile platform joint data transmission link construction: the fixed platform link planning and mobile platform relay path generation are performed in the hybrid topology network generator to output an initial fixed-mobile platform joint data transmission link;

[0042] S33, acoustic wake-up module integration: embedding an acoustic wake-up module in the initial fixed-mobile platform joint data transmission link to realize low-power communication and breakpoint continuation capability.

[0043] Optionally, the S3 further comprises:

[0044] S34, anti-interference topology reinforcement: reinforcing the initial fixed-mobile platform joint data transmission link based on the sensitive sea area operation constraint condition;

[0045] S35, topology graph integration output: integrating the reinforced fixed-mobile platform joint data transmission link and acoustic wake-up module configuration to generate a cooperative observation strategy topology graph.

[0046] Optionally, the S4 comprises:

[0047] S41, nested observation optimization algorithm initialization: through analyzing the cooperative observation strategy topology graph, based on spatial region identification and node type screening, extracting a representative observation platform set of three types of functional areas, including a node set of the subsurface buoy in the core channel area, a node set of the float in the upwelling area and a mobile platform set in the monsoon influence area;

[0048] S42, sampling frequency partition configuration: in the nested observation optimization algorithm, according to the regional characteristics and observation targets, a sampling frequency partition mapping relationship is established;

[0049] S43, three-dimensional observation parameter optimization: according to the sampling frequency configuration of each region, three-dimensional observation parameter optimization is performed on the subsurface buoy deployment depth, float horizontal spacing and mobile platform path, generating a subsurface buoy deployment depth gradient, a float spacing matrix and a mobile platform cruise path;

[0050] S44, multi-resolution nested integration: integrating the generated subsurface buoy deployment depth gradient, float spacing matrix and mobile platform cruise path, constructing a multi-resolution nested layout scheme under regional division, and generating a final multi-resolution nested layout scheme.

[0051] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0052] The present application extracts typical ocean process characteristic parameters through a multi-scale process identification algorithm, including the Indonesian through-flow core channel coordinate set, the spatio-temporal distribution matrix of the Java upwelling intensity and the monsoon influence weight coefficient, and introduces sensitive sea area geopolitical boundary data to correct the regional configuration, ensuring that the platform deployment has dynamic environmental responsiveness. On this basis, different types of observation platforms (real-time subsurface buoy, self-contained subsurface buoy, Argo float) are accurately matched with regional characteristics by using an observation platform adaptation model, effectively improving the overall observation efficiency and deployment rationality.

[0053] This invention, based on a platform type combination scheme, employs a hybrid topology network generator to design a joint data transmission link between fixed and mobile platforms. It integrates an acoustic wake-up module and a breakpoint resumption protocol to achieve low-power, highly robust communication between multi-source observation nodes. Furthermore, it incorporates an anti-interference mechanism tailored to the constraints of operations in sensitive sea areas, configuring redundant relay links and anti-pulse interference strategies in regions with frequent military activity to ensure the continuous availability of the network structure and the integrity of critical data transmission.

[0054] This invention utilizes a nested observation optimization algorithm to divide the observation area into a core channel zone, an upwelling zone, and a monsoon-affected zone, configuring high, medium, and low sampling frequencies for each zone. It also generates underwater mooring deployment depth gradients, buoy spacing matrices, and mobile platform cruising paths for each zone, forming a multi-level, scalable three-dimensional nested observation layout. This multi-resolution nested layout scheme achieves comprehensive vertical-horizontal-path coordination, covering multi-scale dynamic processes such as tides, monsoons, and circulation, significantly improving the spatial coverage and temporal response accuracy of observations in the exchange zone. Attached Figure Description

[0055] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only for this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0056] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the S3 process in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0058] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should also be noted that, to make the embodiments more comprehensive, the following embodiments are the best and preferred embodiments, and those skilled in the art can use other alternative methods to implement some well-known technologies; moreover, the accompanying drawings are only for more specific description of the embodiments and are not intended to specifically limit the present invention.

[0059] like Figures 1-2 As shown, a method for designing a network layout of submersibles and buoys for environmental observation in exchange zones includes the following steps:

[0060] S1, sea area feature extraction: input historical ocean dynamic data of the Indo-Pacific exchange zone, sensitive sea area geopolitical boundary data, output typical ocean process feature parameters through multi-scale process recognition algorithm, typical ocean process feature parameters include Indonesian through-flow core channel coordinate set, spatial and temporal distribution matrix of Java upwelling intensity and monsoon influence weight coefficient;

[0061] S2, multi-platform collaborative strategy generation: input the feature parameters output by S1 into the observation platform adaptation model, combine the preset sensitive sea area operation constraint conditions, generate platform type combination scheme, the platform type combination scheme includes the number ratio and function allocation of real-time submersible, self-contained submersible and Argo float, and optimizes the station coordinates based on the exclusive economic zone collaborative observation strategy;

[0062] S3, dynamic construction of network topology: input the platform type combination scheme output by S2 into the hybrid topology network generator, design fixed-mobile platform joint data transmission link, configure breakpoint continuation protocol through acoustic wake-up module, output collaborative observation strategy topology graph;

[0063] S4, multi-resolution layout output: input the collaborative observation strategy topology graph of S3 into the nested observation optimization algorithm, configure high, medium and low sampling frequencies for the core channel area, upwelling area and monsoon influence area respectively, generate multi-resolution nested layout scheme, the multi-resolution nested layout scheme includes submersible depth gradient, float spacing matrix and mobile platform cruise path.

[0064] S1 includes:

[0065] S11, multi-source data standardization input: by receiving historical ocean dynamic data of the Indo-Pacific exchange zone from satellite remote sensing, drifting buoy observation and reanalysis products (such as ECCO or HYCOM), and inputting the sensitive sea area geopolitical boundary data drawn by the chart and the International Maritime Organization, the ocean dynamic data is time-aligned (using linear interpolation to unify the daily resolution) and spatially resampled (using bilinear interpolation to unify the 0.1°x0.1° grid). The above processing can construct a standardized ocean dynamic data set in a unified format, with data dimensions of: ;

[0066] where u, v, w are three-dimensional velocity components, T is temperature, S is salinity, is the four-dimensional grid index.

[0067] Example: after processing the HYCOM data set from 2000 to 2020, a total of 7300 frames of daily standardized data sets are generated in the area, covering about 160,000 grid points in space.

[0068] S12, Multi-scale ocean process decomposition: The standardized ocean dynamic dataset is input into the multi-scale process identification algorithm, and the typical process scale is distinguished by three-level wavelet packet decomposition, and the multi-scale ocean process component set is output. The specific process is as follows:

[0069] First-level decomposition (monsoon scale): Extract the low-frequency component of the wavelength , and retain the interannual to seasonal scale change;

[0070] Second-level decomposition (mesoscale eddy): Extract the medium-frequency disturbance of the wavelength , and retain the mesoscale eddy signal;

[0071] Third-level decomposition (through-flow scale): Extract the high-frequency disturbance of the wavelength , and highlight the through-flow main channel and its intense change area.

[0072] The formula is as follows, taking the through-flow scale as an example:

[0073] ;

[0074] Wherein, is the weight of the jth wavelet component, is the corresponding wavelet basis function, and J is the index set of the corresponding scale frequency band.

[0075] S13, Typical feature parameter extraction: Based on the above multi-scale ocean process component set, the feature parameter calculation of different physical meanings is carried out respectively, which is used to quantitatively describe the core position and intensity of the key dynamic process.

[0076] For the through-flow scale component , the vorticity field is calculated: ;

[0077] Extract its spatial maximum value point as the initial core channel coordinate set;

[0078] For the mesoscale eddy component , the standard deviation of the vertical velocity w is calculated:

[0079] ;

[0080] Get the initial upwelling intensity matrix;

[0081] For the monsoon scale component , the monsoon influence weight is estimated based on the kinetic energy spectrum density:

[0082] ;

[0083] Wherein, For kinetic spectrum density, the integral interval corresponds to the annual-seasonal frequency band, and the initial monsoon influence weight coefficient is output.

[0084] Example: In the monsoon outbreak area on the west side of Sumatra Island, the monsoon influence weight is much higher than that in the equatorial inner area, verifying the monsoon transport distribution characteristics.

[0085] S14, geopolitical constraint correction: to ensure that the subsequent observation platform layout does not violate the exclusive economic zone and control area boundary constraints, the above initial characteristic parameters are corrected.

[0086] Penetration flow core channel rejection algorithm: calculate the overlap area ratio R of each coordinate point and the adjacent exclusive economic zone (EEZ) boundary, and if R>0.3, the point is rejected:

[0087] ;

[0088] Output Indonesian penetration flow core channel coordinate set;

[0089] Upwelling matrix shielding operation: the value of the cell falling into the grid position of the control area in the initial upwelling intensity matrix is directly set to zero.

[0090] Monsoon influence boundary attenuation correction: considering the weakening effect of boundary effect on wind stress coupling, an exponential attenuation function is applied to the initial monsoon influence weight coefficient as:

[0091] ;

[0092] wherein, the initial monsoon influence weight coefficient, d is the distance to the nearest boundary in nautical miles, is the boundary attenuation function, is the monsoon influence weight coefficient.

[0093] Example: the initial monsoon influence coefficient is 1.0, the distance to the boundary is about 100 nautical miles, and the corrected coefficient is about 0.606, indicating that the monsoon effect in the edge area is weakened.

[0094] S15, characteristic parameter set output: finally integrate the corrected Indonesian penetration flow core channel coordinate set, the spatial and temporal distribution matrix of the Java upwelling intensity, and the monsoon influence weight coefficient to form a typical ocean process characteristic parameter set. This set will be the key input basis for the multi-platform collaborative strategy generation module in the subsequent step S2, and will provide ocean process driving basis and spatial layering basis for the joint deployment of real-time submersibles, self-contained submersibles and Argo buoys.

[0095] S2 includes:

[0096] S21, observation platform adaptation model initialization: by constructing the basic database of the observation platform adaptation model, first set the key performance indicators and applicable conditions of the three types of observation platforms: among them, the real-time submersible needs to have the ability of working depth of more than 3000 meters, support more than 4 times of data return per day, and meet the acoustic communication radius of more than 10 kilometers; the self-contained submersible requires not less than 180 days of energy endurance, more than 32 GB of local data storage capacity, and classifies its flow resistance according to the shape coefficient; Argo float is defined according to its historical operation data, the average drift trajectory deviation is 10 to 50 kilometers, the profile measurement interval is 10 days, and the satellite communication response time delay is not more than 12 hours. These parameters are loaded as constraint conditions into the observation platform adaptation model, and are matched with the subsequent typical ocean process characteristic parameters.

[0097] S22, characteristic parameter-platform matching operation: after inputting the typical ocean process characteristic parameters and the operation constraint conditions of the sensitive sea area into the observation platform adaptation model, the platform matching calculation task is executed, including:

[0098] (1) real-time submersible ratio calculation: according to the spatial density distribution of the Indonesian through-flow core channel coordinate set, the number of channel coordinate points in each standard grid element is counted to obtain the overall distribution density. Then the following calculation model is used to estimate the number of real-time submersibles required:

[0099] ;

[0100] wherein, represents the number of coordinate points in the i-th grid, points / grid is the deployment density benchmark, represents the safety redundancy.

[0101] Example: if there are 230 coordinate points in the target area distributed in 35 grid elements, the number of real-time submersibles calculated is .

[0102] (2) self-contained submersible function allocation: according to the gradient value size of each grid point in the space-time distribution matrix of the Java upwelling intensity , set three levels of flow resistance level and corresponding observation tasks:

[0103] When , set to Level 1, configure basic temperature and salinity profile data acquisition task;

[0104] When , set to Level 2, configure temperature and salinity profile and flow velocity profile joint acquisition;

[0105] When When the wind speed is greater than 5 m / s, set to Level 3, configure the turbulence energy spectrum observation and local high-frequency data storage tasks.

[0106] Example: In the high-vortex area in the west of Sumatra, the average gradient of self-contained glider is 1.2, corresponding to the configuration of Level 3 task.

[0107] (3) Argo buoy quantity allocation: based on the monsoon influence weight coefficient, the observation area is divided into three priority areas, and the buoy density standard is set for each type of area:

[0108] High priority area (weight ≥ 0.7): 1 Argo buoy per 20,000 km²;

[0109] Medium priority area (0.3 ≤ weight < 0.7): 1 Argo buoy per 50,000 km²;

[0110] Low priority area (weight < 0.3): 1 Argo buoy per 100,000 km².

[0111] Example: In the northern region of Kalimantan with significant monsoon influence (weight coefficient 0.75), the area is about 60,000 km², and 3 Argo buoys are configured.

[0112] After the above matching calculation, the platform type combination scheme is generated, including the quantity ratio and function allocation of real-time gliders, self-contained gliders and Argo buoys, as the preliminary deployment scheme output before deployment.

[0113] S23, Exclusive Economic Zone Collaborative Observation Strategy Optimization: Based on the exclusive economic zone collaborative observation strategy, the spatial station optimization processing is performed on the platform type combination scheme. The strategy specifically includes: by identifying the coordinates of the exclusive economic zone boundary between Malaysia and Indonesia, the sea area authority of the observation activity is clarified. In the exclusive economic zone of Malaysia, the automatic weather station is deployed at the Malaysia Bachok land-based station as the atmospheric data collection outpost. In the exclusive economic zone of Indonesia, through the China-Indonesia joint voyage, real-time gliders are deployed in the Longmu Strait area to ensure the legal compliance of cross-border data sharing. In the open sea area outside the exclusive economic zone, Argo buoy arrays are completely deployed through self-organized scientific research voyages.

[0114] For station optimization, the following processing is further performed:

[0115] In the exclusive economic zone overlapping sea area with a sound overlapping rate greater than 15%, the originally configured real-time glider is replaced with a dual-nationality certified glider, and the drift path of the Argo buoy is set to avoid the buffer zone. The buffer zone bandwidth is calculated as 2% of the area of the region, with a maximum of 5 nautical miles;

[0116] In the control area with the constraint condition identification code MSA=1 in the sensitive sea area operation, all self-contained gliders enable passive sonar avoidance mode, and adjust the sampling interval to more than 3 times the typical pulse period of military sonar to avoid acoustic interference.

[0117] S24, constraint compliance verification: compare the platform type combination scheme optimized by the exclusive economic zone cooperative observation strategy with the constraint conditions of the sensitive sea area operation, and complete the compliance review. The following verification items are included:

[0118] Real-time glider position verification: each real-time glider deployment point needs to be at least 5 nautical miles away from the boundary of the no-go area. If it does not meet the requirements, it will be offset along the normal direction of the through-flow channel to the shortest path, until it meets the compliance requirements;

[0119] Self-contained glider depth verification: its deployment depth should avoid the submarine cable protection zone, i.e. its depth cannot fall into the safety interval of 50 meters above and below the cable depth;

[0120] Argo float path verification: the simulated drift path of the Argo float needs to maintain a distance of at least 12 nautical miles from the non-party state boundary throughout the deployment period.

[0121] After the compliance verification is completed, the final compliant platform type combination scheme is output.

[0122] S25, cooperative strategy integration output: after completing the constraint condition verification of the sensitive sea area operation, integrate the compliant platform type combination scheme with all station data to generate the final platform type combination scheme. The platform type combination scheme includes the total number of real-time gliders, the anti-flow level distribution of self-contained gliders, and the regional number ratio of Argo floats; and simultaneously output the station coordinate set optimized by the exclusive economic zone cooperative observation strategy, including the real-time glider coordinate set, the self-contained glider coordinate set, and the Argo float initial position set;

[0123] S3 includes:

[0124] S31, hybrid topology network generator initialization: by configuring the input interface of the hybrid topology network generator, receiving the platform type combination scheme output by step S2, and parsing the coordinate information therein, including the real-time glider coordinate set, the self-contained glider coordinate set, and the Argo float initial position set;

[0125] S32, fixed-mobile platform joint data transmission link construction: establish a cross-platform communication structure in the hybrid topology network generator, which is executed in two parts:

[0126] Fixed platform link planning: taking real-time gliders as cluster head nodes, self-contained gliders adjust the acoustic communication radius Execute spatial attribution, and the attribution conditions are as follows:

[0127] ;

[0128] wherein, represents real-time submersible position, represents self-contained submersible position, which can form a stable static observation sub-cluster after being attributed.

[0129] (2) Mobile platform relay path generation: According to historical trajectory data and sea current prediction model, the drift prediction path set of Argo float is constructed , and the shortest acoustic communication reachable distance matrix between it and all submersibles is calculated: ;

[0130] Output initial fixed-mobile platform joint data transmission link.

[0131] S33, acoustic wake-up module integration: Embed acoustic wake-up module for fixed-mobile platform joint data transmission link to realize low-power communication and breakpoint resume transmission capability:

[0132] (1) Configure sleep-wake cycle and trigger mechanism:

[0133] Platform type Default listening period Wake-up trigger condition Real-time submersible 10 minutes Detection of flow rate change greater than 0.2 m / s Self-contained submersible 60 minutes Reception of external wake-up signal Argo float 30 minutes Detection of sea surface temperature gradient greater than 0.5 °C / km

[0134] (2) Load breakpoint resume transmission protocol, including the following mechanisms:

[0135] Each data packet is attached with frame number and CRC-32 check code;

[0136] Define data transmission interruption processing mechanism:

[0137] If the response timeout or CRC check fails, the system will automatically switch to the standby acoustic frequency band for retransmission, and record the breakpoint position for subsequent recovery;

[0138] S34, Anti-interference topology reinforcement: According to the operation constraint conditions in sensitive sea areas, the cooperative link is processed:

[0139] (1) In the sonar active area with identification code SONAR=1, redundant relay floats are added, the number is calculated as follows:

[0140] ;

[0141] wherein, is the high-risk sea area, unit: square kilometers;

[0142] (2) Anti-pulse interference mechanism is introduced to the breakpoint resume transmission protocol: When a strong pulse signal with center frequency kHz is detected, it will:

[0143] Pause the current transmission and record the interference timestamp ;

[0144] Automatically switch to the backup communication frequency band of 2.4 kHz to continue transmission, ensuring link stability.

[0145] S35, topology graph integrated output: based on the completion of the fixed-mobile platform joint data transmission link and acoustic wake-up module integration, generate the final cooperative observation strategy topology graph, which includes the following structures:

[0146] Node attribute table, recording the type, geographic coordinates and wake-up configuration parameters of each platform node:

[0147] Node ID Type Coordinates Wake-up parameters R001 Real-time submersible (x1, y1, z1) Period = 10 minutes A023 Argo float (x2, y2) Trigger condition = sea temperature gradient

[0148] Link relationship matrix , indicating whether there is an effective acoustic link between any two platform nodes:

[0149] ;

[0150] The above cooperative observation strategy topology graph will be used as the input of step S4 multi-resolution layout optimization.

[0151] S4 includes:

[0152] S41, nested observation optimization algorithm initialization: by analyzing the cooperative observation strategy topology graph, based on spatial region identification and node type screening, extract the representative observation platform set of three types of functional areas, namely the glider node set of the core channel area , the buoy node set of the upwelling area and the mobile platform set of the monsoon affected area , the nodes in each set will be the direct object of subsequent nested configuration.

[0153] S42, sampling frequency partition configuration: in the nested observation optimization algorithm, according to the regional characteristics and observation targets, establish the sampling frequency partition mapping relationship, including:

[0154] (1) Core channel area high sampling frequency configuration: set the sampling frequency of each glider node in not higher than once every 10 minutes, and enable the adaptive sampling mechanism through real-time monitoring of flow rate and salinity changes, the trigger conditions are defined as follows:

[0155] ;

[0156] Where is the flow rate change, is the salinity change.

[0157] (2) Sampling frequency configuration in upwelling area: for Each float node is set to sample once per hour, including temperature, salinity, and depth profile, and surface chlorophyll concentration. This configuration is suitable for capturing the biological and geochemical abnormal distribution process induced by upwelling.

[0158] (3) Low sampling frequency configuration in monsoon affected area: for Each mobile platform is set to sample once per day, including sea surface temperature and wind speed vector field, suitable for reflecting the monsoon transport and large-scale surface circulation trend;

[0159] Example: In a certain core channel area in the south of the Indonesian Sea, the measured flow rate changes up to 0.18 m / s, triggering the real-time submersible to enter the high-frequency continuous sampling mode; while in the upwelling area of the Sulawesi coast, the float node uses hourly temperature and salinity profiles combined with chlorophyll concentration data to effectively capture the changes in nutrient salt front.

[0160] S43, three-dimensional observation parameter optimization: according to the sampling frequency configuration in each area, the submersible deployment depth, float horizontal spacing, and mobile platform path are optimized for three-dimensional observation, including:

[0161] (1) Submersible deployment depth gradient generation (core channel area): set the depth interval of three typical water layers as the basis for deployment gradient:

[0162] ;

[0163] Combined with the maximum operating water depth in each area, the depth sequence is constructed: .

[0164] Example: if the core channel area = 1200 m, then the submersible deployment layers are 0 m, 50 m, 150 m, 350 m, 550 m, 750 m, 950 m, and 1150 m.

[0165] (2) Float spacing matrix construction (upwelling area): according to the communication coverage requirements of the float nodes, the float spacing matrix is constructed: ;

[0166] Where, represents the acoustic communication radius of the i-th float, is the acoustic overlap coefficient. Set the constraint condition: ;

[0167] (3) Mobile platform cruise path planning (monsoon influence area): Based on the spatial distribution of monsoon influence weight coefficients, first, the weight of each region in the monsoon influence area is sorted, and the region with a higher monsoon weight coefficient is selected as the priority for path planning. For each high-priority region, a spiral observation path is generated with the region as the center. The path coverage range is usually 10 kilometers in radius, and expands layer by layer outward to ensure sufficient coverage of the surface ocean process driven by the monsoon. The spatiotemporal connection between regions is realized through the connection planning between mobile platforms, and finally a set of mobile platform cruise paths covering the entire monsoon influence area is formed:

[0168] S44, multi-resolution nested integration: integrate the depth gradient of the mooring, the float spacing matrix and the mobile platform cruise path generated in the previous step to construct a multi-resolution nested layout scheme under regional division, which is specifically mapped as follows:

[0169] Region type Resolution control parameters Implementation Core channel zone Submersible deployment depth gradient Vertical chain of dense observations Upwelling zone Matrix of float spacing Horizontally adaptive grid Monsoon-affected zone Cruise path of moving platform Optimization of trajectory coverage

[0170] To ensure the systematicness and synergy of the nested layout, further time-space coupling verification is carried out, and the following is verified:

[0171] Whether the high-frequency sampling completely covers the daily tidal cycle;

[0172] Whether the mobile platform path is synchronized with the phase change of the monsoon;

[0173] Whether the float spacing setting avoids communication overlap or blind area.

[0174] Output the final multi-resolution nested layout scheme, including the following three types of parameters:

[0175] The depth gradient of the mooring in the core channel area, the float spacing matrix in the upwelling area and the mobile platform cruise path in the monsoon influence area.

[0176] The present application covers any substitution, modification, equivalent method and scheme made on the essence and scope of the present application. In order to make the public have a thorough understanding of the present application, specific details are described in the following preferred embodiments of the present application, and the present application can also be completely understood without the description of these details to those skilled in the art. In addition, in order to avoid unnecessary confusion to the essence of the present application, well-known methods, processes, procedures, elements and circuits, etc. are not described in detail.

[0177] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, and it should be pointed out that for ordinary skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present application, a number of improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should be regarded as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for designing a network of submerged and floating buoys for observing the marine environment in the exchange zone, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, sea area feature extraction: input historical marine dynamic data of the Indo-Pacific exchange zone and sensitive sea area geopolitical boundary data, and output typical marine process feature parameters through a multi-scale process recognition algorithm, the typical marine process feature parameters including Indonesian throughflow core channel coordinate set, Java upwelling intensity spatiotemporal distribution matrix and monsoon influence weight coefficient; S2, multi-platform collaborative strategy generation: input the feature parameters output by S1 into an observation platform adaptation model, combine preset sensitive sea area operation constraint conditions, and generate a platform type combination scheme, the platform type combination scheme including quantity ratio and function allocation of real-time subsurface buoys, self-contained subsurface buoys and Argo buoys, and optimizing station coordinates based on exclusive economic zone collaborative observation strategy; S3, network topology dynamic construction: input the platform type combination scheme output by S2 into a hybrid topology network generator, design fixed-mobile platform joint data transmission links, configure breakpoint continuation protocol through an acoustic wake-up module, and output a collaborative observation strategy topology graph; S4, multi-resolution layout output: input the collaborative observation strategy topology graph of S3 into a nested observation optimization algorithm, configure high, medium and low sampling frequencies for the core channel area, the upwelling area and the monsoon influence area respectively, and generate a multi-resolution nested layout scheme, the multi-resolution nested layout scheme including subsurface buoy depth gradient, buoy spacing matrix and mobile platform cruise path.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The S1 comprises: S11, multi-source data standardization input: receiving historical marine dynamic data of the Indo-Pacific exchange zone and sensitive sea area geopolitical boundary data, performing time and space dimension alignment processing on the historical marine dynamic data of the Indo-Pacific exchange zone, and generating a standardized marine dynamic data set; S12, multi-scale marine process decomposition: inputting the standardized marine dynamic data set into a multi-scale process recognition algorithm, performing typical process scale differentiation processing through three-level wavelet packet decomposition, and outputting a multi-scale marine process component set; S13, typical feature parameter extraction: performing feature parameter calculation operation based on the multi-scale marine process component set, and generating initial feature parameters, the feature parameter calculation operation including: calculating the vorticity field maximum value of the throughflow scale component to generate an initial core channel coordinate set; calculating the vertical velocity standard deviation of the mesoscale eddy component to generate an initial upwelling intensity matrix; calculating the kinetic energy spectrum density weight of the monsoon scale component to generate an initial monsoon influence weight coefficient; S14, geopolitical constraint correction: fusing and correcting the sensitive sea area geopolitical boundary data and the initial feature parameters, specifically including: traversing the initial core channel coordinate set, removing coordinate points with an overlap rate with the exclusive economic zone greater than 30%, and outputting the Indonesian throughflow core channel coordinate set; traversing the initial upwelling intensity matrix, setting the data unit value of the matrix unit position falling into the control area to zero, and outputting the Java upwelling intensity spatiotemporal distribution matrix; applying a boundary attenuation function correction to the initial monsoon influence weight coefficient to generate a monsoon influence weight coefficient, wherein the boundary attenuation function is: ； wherein, an initial monsoon influence weight coefficient, d is the distance in nautical miles to the nearest boundary, is a boundary decay function, is a monsoon influence weight coefficient; S15, characteristic parameter integration output: integrate the Indonesian through-flow core channel coordinate set, the Java upwelling intensity spatiotemporal distribution matrix, and the monsoon influence weight coefficient to generate a typical marine process characteristic parameter.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The distinguishing processing of the typical process scale through three-level wavelet packet decomposition comprises: The first-level decomposition extracts a monsoon scale component corresponding to a low-frequency signal with a wavelength greater than 1000 km; The second-level decomposition extracts a mesoscale vortex component corresponding to a medium-frequency signal with a wavelength between 100 and 500 km; The third-level decomposition extracts a through-flow scale component corresponding to a high-frequency signal with a wavelength less than 50 km.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein, The S2 comprises: S21, observation platform adaptation model initialization: through the construction of the basic database of the observation platform adaptation model, the basic technical parameters of the observation platform are sorted out and summarized, including the preset parameters of the real-time submersible, the preset parameters of the self-contained submersible, and the preset parameters of the Argo float, wherein: The preset parameters of the real-time submersible include the maximum working depth, the data return frequency, and the acoustic communication radius; The preset parameters of the self-contained submersible include the energy endurance time, the storage capacity, and the flow resistance; The preset parameters of the Argo float include the drift trajectory deviation, the profile measurement interval, and the satellite communication delay; S22, characteristic parameter-platform matching operation: the typical marine process characteristic parameters output by S1 are input into the observation platform adaptation model together with the operation constraint conditions of the sensitive sea area to perform matching operation, including real-time submersible ratio calculation, self-contained submersible function allocation, and Argo float quantity allocation, to output an initial platform type combination scheme, including the quantity ratio and function allocation of the real-time submersible, the self-contained submersible, and the Argo float; S23, exclusive economic zone station optimization: according to the exclusive economic zone cooperative observation strategy, the station configuration in the platform type combination scheme involving the overlapping sea area and the control area of the exclusive economic zone is optimized.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein, The S2 further comprises: S24, constraint condition compliance verification: the optimized platform type combination scheme is checked for compliance with the operation constraint conditions of the sensitive sea area item by item, including real-time submersible position verification, self-contained submersible depth verification, and Argo float path verification, to output a compliant platform type combination scheme; S25, collaborative strategy integration output: integrating the compliant platform type combination scheme and its associated station coordinates, a final platform type combination scheme is generated, and the station coordinates include the real-time submersible coordinate set, the self-contained submersible coordinate set, and the Argo float initial position set.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein, The exclusive economic zone cooperative observation strategy specifically is: through the identification of the exclusive economic zone boundary coordinates of Malaysia and Indonesia, the multi-country sea area operation range is determined, the automatic weather station is arranged at the Malaysia Wanjie land station for nearshore atmosphere and sea-atmosphere flux observation, in the Indonesian exclusive economic zone, the real-time submersible is laid in the Lombok Strait through the China-Indonesia joint voyage to realize the cross-country cooperative observation task, and in the open sea area, the Argo float array is laid through the self-organized marine voyage to build a background observation network.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein, The S3 comprises: S31, hybrid topology network generator initialization: configure the input interface of the hybrid topology network generator, receive the platform type combination scheme output by S2, parse the real-time submersible coordinate set, self-contained submersible coordinate set and Argo float initial position set therein; S32, fixed-mobile platform joint data transmission link construction: execute fixed platform link planning and mobile platform relay path generation in the hybrid topology network generator, output the initial fixed-mobile platform joint data transmission link; S33, acoustic wake-up module integration: embed the acoustic wake-up module in the initial fixed-mobile platform joint data transmission link, realize low-power communication and breakpoint continuation capability.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein, The S3 further comprises: S34, anti-interference topology reinforcement: based on the sensitive sea area operation constraint condition, reinforce the initial fixed-mobile platform joint data transmission link; S35, topology graph integration output: integrate the reinforced fixed-mobile platform joint data transmission link and acoustic wake-up module configuration, generate a cooperative observation strategy topology graph.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein, The S4 comprises: S41, nested observation optimization algorithm initialization: by analyzing the cooperative observation strategy topology graph, based on spatial region identification and node type screening, extract a representative observation platform set of three types of functional areas, including a submersible node set of the core channel area, a float node set of the upwelling area and a mobile platform set of the monsoon influence area; S42, sampling frequency partition configuration: in the nested observation optimization algorithm, according to the regional characteristics and observation targets, establish a sampling frequency partition mapping relationship; S43, three-dimensional observation parameter optimization: according to the sampling frequency configuration of each region, respectively optimize the submersible deployment depth, float horizontal spacing and mobile platform path for three-dimensional observation parameters, generate a submersible deployment depth gradient, a float spacing matrix and a mobile platform cruise path; S44, multi-resolution nested integration: integrate the generated submersible deployment depth gradient, float spacing matrix and mobile platform cruise path, construct a multi-resolution nested layout scheme under regional division, and generate a final multi-resolution nested layout scheme.

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