A selenium and dha-rich feed additive, and a preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application provides a selenium and DHA-rich feed additive and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of feed additives.The application comprises the following steps: preparing core material: dissolving sodium alginate in water, adding schizochytrium sp. powder and water-soluble selenoprotein, heating and mixing to obtain a mixed solution 1; adding the mixed solution 1 to rapeseed oil, and then adding polysorbate to mix, to obtain a mixed solution 2; adding a calcium chloride solution to the mixed solution 2, collecting the precipitate after centrifugation, and drying to obtain the core material; preparing wall material: hot melting corn fiber gum, and then adding malt dextrin and polycaprolactone, and mixing to obtain the wall material; and coating: mixing the core material and the wall material to coat. The method is simple and easy to operate, can inhibit the rancidity rate of DHA in the core material, improve the stability of DHA microalgae powder in the stomach and intestines of livestock and poultry, and enhance the conversion rate. Meanwhile, the water-soluble selenoprotein in the core material and the DHA-rich microalgae powder can synergistically improve the selenium and DHA contents in livestock and poultry products.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of feed additive technology, and in particular relates to a selenium-enriched and DHA-enriched feed additive, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] DHA plays a vital role in human growth and development. It can prevent cardiovascular disease by lowering serum triglycerides, reducing thrombus formation, lowering blood pressure, and mitigating related inflammatory responses. Studies have shown a close link between DHA deficiency in the brain and Alzheimer's disease. DHA is an essential nutrient obtained from food. As we age, the body's ability to synthesize DHA from ALA declines, making the need for DHA even more urgent for the elderly. Currently, the main ways to obtain DHA are through consuming deep-sea fish oil and algae oil.

[0003] Selenium is also an essential trace element for the human body. The level of selenium directly affects human health. Recent studies have shown that selenium deficiency in the human body is closely related to the occurrence of various diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and liver disease.

[0004] The synergistic effect of selenium and DHA on human health is receiving much attention, therefore, providing high-quality functional (selenium- and DHA-enriched) poultry egg products has broad market prospects. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a selenium-enriched and DHA-enriched feed additive, so that selenium and DHA can be added to the daily diet of livestock and poultry in the form of feed additives, thereby increasing the selenium and DHA content in livestock and poultry products.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A method for preparing a selenium-enriched and DHA-enriched feed additive includes the following steps:

[0008] Preparation of core material: Sodium alginate was dissolved in water, Schizochytrium powder and water-soluble selenoprotein were added, and the mixture was heated and mixed to obtain mixture 1; mixture 1 was added to rapeseed oil, and then polysorbate was added and mixed to obtain mixture 2; calcium chloride solution was added to mixture 2, the precipitate was collected after centrifugation and dried to obtain core material;

[0009] Preparation of wall material: Melt corn fiber gum by heating, then add maltodextrin and polycaprolactone, mix and obtain the wall material;

[0010] Coating: The core material and wall material are mixed and coated to obtain a selenium- and DHA-rich feed additive.

[0011] Preferably, the mass-to-volume ratio of sodium alginate to water is (1~2) g: 100 mL; the mass ratio of sodium alginate, Schizochytrium powder, and water-soluble selenoprotein is 5: (1.5~3): (0.5~2).

[0012] Preferably, the heating and mixing is performed at 35~42°C.

[0013] Preferably, the mass ratio of mixture 1 to rapeseed oil and polysorbate is 1:(2~4):(0.1~0.5).

[0014] Preferably, the mass ratio of the mixture 2 to the calcium chloride solution is (0.5~1):3, and the concentration of the calcium chloride solution is 0.3~1 mol / L.

[0015] Preferably, the mass ratio of corn cellulose gum, maltodextrin and polycaprolactone is (0.5~2):0.5:(0.05~0.2).

[0016] Preferably, the mass ratio of the core material to the wall material is 1:(0.5~2).

[0017] Preferably, the water-soluble selenoprotein is any one or more of the following: Viola yedoensis selenium polypeptide, selenomethionine (SeMet), selenocysteine ​​(SeCys), and selenopolysaccharide.

[0018] Another object of the present invention is to provide a selenium-enriched and DHA-enriched feed additive prepared by the aforementioned preparation method.

[0019] Another object of the present invention is to provide the application of the preparation method or the feed additives described herein in the preparation of high-quality functional poultry egg products, wherein the poultry egg products are rich in selenium and DHA.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] This invention provides a method for preparing a selenium- and DHA-enriched feed additive. Water-soluble selenoprotein and DHA-rich microalgae powder are used as the core material. The water-soluble selenoprotein has antioxidant properties, and when coated with a wall material, it effectively inhibits the rate of DHA rancidity in the core material, improves the stability of the DHA microalgae powder in the gastrointestinal tract of livestock and poultry, and increases the conversion rate of DHA microalgae powder in eggs by 10% to 25%. Furthermore, the water-soluble selenoprotein and DHA-rich microalgae powder in the core material are added to the daily diet of livestock and poultry as feed additives, and can be synergistically converted into animal products, effectively increasing the selenium and DHA content in livestock and poultry products. Detailed Implementation

[0022] This invention provides a method for preparing a selenium- and DHA-enriched feed additive, comprising the following steps: Preparing the core material: dissolving sodium alginate in water, adding Schizochytrium powder and water-soluble selenoprotein, heating and mixing to obtain a mixture 1; adding rapeseed oil to mixture 1, then adding polysorbate and mixing to obtain a mixture 2; adding calcium chloride solution to mixture 2, centrifuging and collecting the precipitate, drying to obtain the core material; Preparing the wall material: melting corn fiber gum, then adding maltodextrin and polycaprolactone, mixing to obtain the wall material; Coating: mixing the core material and the wall material for coating to obtain the selenium- and DHA-enriched feed additive.

[0023] In this invention, the mass-to-volume ratio of sodium alginate to water is (1~2) g:100 mL, preferably (1.5~2) g:100 mL, and more preferably 2 g:100 mL; the mass ratio of sodium alginate, Schizochytrium powder, and water-soluble selenoprotein is 5:(1.5~3):(0.5~2), preferably 5:(1.8~2.5):(1~1.5), and more preferably 5:2:1; the heating and mixing is performed at 35~42℃. The water used in the preparation method provided by this invention is conventional water in the art. As an implementable method, the water used in the specific embodiments of this invention is deionized water.

[0024] In this invention, the mass ratio of mixture 1 to rapeseed oil and polysorbate is 1:(2~4):(0.1~0.5), preferably 1:(3~4):(0.2~0.4), and more preferably 1:4:0.4.

[0025] In this invention, the mass ratio of the mixed solution 2 to the calcium chloride solution is (0.5~1):3, preferably 1:3, and the concentration of the calcium chloride solution is 0.3~1 mol / L, preferably 0.5 mol / L. After the calcium chloride solution is added to the mixed solution 2 and mixed thoroughly, it is centrifuged at a speed of 3000~12000 rpm, preferably 10000 rpm, for a time of 5~15 min, preferably 10 min. After centrifugation, the precipitate is collected, washed, and dried to obtain the core material. The drying is performed using conventional methods in the art; as an feasible method, spray drying is used in a specific embodiment of this invention.

[0026] In this invention, the mass ratio of corn cellulose gum, maltodextrin and polycaprolactone is (0.5~2):0.5:(0.05~0.2), preferably 1:0.5:(0.1~0.2), and more preferably 1:0.5:0.1.

[0027] In this invention, the mass ratio of the core material to the wall material is 1:(0.5~2), preferably 1:1.

[0028] In this invention, the water-soluble selenoprotein is any one or more of the following: Viola yedoensis selenium polypeptide, selenomethionine (SeMet), selenocysteine ​​(SeCys), and selenopolysaccharide. Preferably, the total selenium content in the water-soluble selenoprotein is 1000~2000 mg / kg.

[0029] In this invention, rapeseed oil serves as the oil phase carrier, dissolving the fat-soluble Schizochytrium molasses powder (DHA) and forming a water-in-oil emulsion with the water-soluble selenoprotein, constituting the core material basis of the microcapsules. Polysorbate, as a nonionic surfactant, reduces the oil-water interfacial tension, promotes emulsion homogenization, and forms droplets with uniform particle size. Sodium alginate, as a natural anionic polysaccharide, forms the initial wall material on the surface of the emulsified droplets; subsequently, calcium ions (Ca... 2+ Cross-linking occurs, leading to ionogelation and the formation of a dense, three-dimensional network gel shell that encapsulates the core material. This invention has found that calcium ion concentration affects the wall material thickness and the release rate of selenium- and DHA-rich feed additives. The method provided by this invention allows DHA and selenoproteins to be released more efficiently in the small intestine, where they can be directly absorbed by intestinal epithelial cells.

[0030] During the coating process, the core material and wall material are mixed to form an emulsion, which is then atomized into tiny droplets through a spray nozzle and rapidly dried in hot air to form microcapsules. In this invention, the oil phase core material and wall material together form the microcapsule structure. After the moisture evaporates at high temperature, the wall material solidifies and sets, and the rapeseed oil, as the core material, is completely encapsulated. Polysorbate maintains the stability of the emulsion during the drying process, preventing droplet aggregation or rupture and ensuring uniform microcapsule morphology.

[0031] This invention achieves the following protective and synergistic functions by encapsulating Schizochytrium powder (rich in DHA and other unsaturated fatty acids) and water-soluble selenoprotein in microcapsules formed by a wall material: 1) Antioxidant protection: DHA in Schizochytrium is easily oxidized, while selenium in selenoprotein is easily deactivated in acidic or oxidizing environments. The wall material of the microcapsules forms a physical barrier, isolating oxygen and the strong oxidizing environment in gastric acid, reducing the oxidative degradation of active ingredients. 2) Targeted sustained release and efficient absorption: The microcapsules maintain structural stability in the stomach (pH 1-3), preventing the active ingredients from being destroyed by gastric acid; after entering the intestine (pH 6-8), the wall material gradually dissolves, releasing the contents, allowing DHA and selenoprotein to be released in the small intestine segment where absorption efficiency is higher, and directly absorbed by intestinal epithelial cells. 3) Taste masking and stability enhancement: It masks the fishy taste of Schizochytrium and the metallic taste of selenoprotein, while improving the stability of both during processing and storage.

[0032] The present invention also provides a selenium-enriched and DHA-enriched feed additive prepared by the aforementioned preparation method.

[0033] The present invention also provides the application of the preparation method or the feed additive described herein in the preparation of high-quality functional poultry egg products, wherein the poultry egg products are rich in selenium and DHA.

[0034] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the Viola yedoensis selenium polypeptide was purchased from Enshi Qingjiang Bioengineering Co., Ltd.; and the Schizochytrium powder was purchased from Jiabiyou Biotechnology (Wuhan) Co., Ltd.

[0035] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] A method for preparing a selenium-enriched and DHA-enriched feed additive, comprising the following steps:

[0038] Preparation of core material: Dissolve 2g of sodium alginate in 100mL of water (heated to 65℃ for dissolution), add Schizochytrium powder and Viola yedoensis selenium peptide (the mass ratio of sodium alginate, Schizochytrium powder and Viola yedoensis selenium peptide is 5:2:1, and the total selenium content in Viola yedoensis selenium peptide is 1000mg / kg), and mix at 42℃ to obtain mixture 1; add rapeseed oil to mixture 1, and then add polysorbate (the mass ratio of mixture 1, rapeseed oil and polysorbate is 1:4:0.4) and mix to obtain mixture 2; add calcium chloride solution to mixture 2 (the mass ratio of mixture 2 to calcium chloride solution is 1:3, and the calcium chloride solution concentration is 0.5 mol / L), centrifuge (10000rpm, 10min) and collect the precipitate, and wash and dry the precipitate to obtain the core material.

[0039] Preparation of wall material: Melt corn fiber gum, then add maltodextrin and polycaprolactone. The mass ratio of corn fiber gum, maltodextrin and polycaprolactone is 1:0.5:0.1. After mixing, the wall material is obtained.

[0040] Coating: The core material and wall material are mixed (the mass ratio of core material to wall material is 1:1) and coated in a coating machine to obtain a selenium-enriched and DHA-enriched feed additive.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] A method for preparing a selenium- and DHA-enriched feed additive. The difference between this embodiment and Example 1 is that sodium alginate, Schizochytrium powder, and Viola yedoensis selenium polypeptide are mixed at a mass ratio of 5:2:0.5, and the mixing temperature is 35°C. The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] A method for preparing a selenium- and DHA-enriched feed additive, the difference between this embodiment and Example 1 is that the core material and wall material are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:2. All other steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0045] Example 4

[0046] A method for preparing a selenium- and DHA-enriched feed additive, the difference between this embodiment and Example 1 is that the core material and the wall material are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:0.5. All other steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0047] Comparative Example 1

[0048] A method for preparing a selenium- and DHA-enriched feed additive. The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that no Schizochytrium powder was added to the core material. All other steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0049] Comparative Example 2

[0050] A method for preparing a selenium-enriched and DHA-enriched feed additive. The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that no violet leaf broken rice selenium polypeptide was added to the core material. All other steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0051] Comparative Example 3

[0052] A method for preparing a selenium-enriched and DHA-enriched feed additive, the difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that sodium alginate, Schizochytrium powder, and Viola yedoensis selenium polypeptide are mixed at a mass ratio of 5:1:1. All other steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0053] Comparative Example 4

[0054] A method for preparing a selenium-enriched and DHA-enriched feed additive. The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that no wall material was prepared or coated, and the prepared core material was used as the selenium-enriched and DHA-enriched feed additive.

[0055] Test Example 1

[0056] Feeding effects of adding feed prepared by different methods.

[0057] Eighty-sixty-four healthy Hy-Line Grey laying hens with good uniformity in body condition were selected. These hens were at their peak laying period (40 weeks of age) and randomly divided into 12 groups of 24 hens each, with three replicates per group. The feeding method was as follows:

[0058] Treatment 1: Feed only regular feed, without adding any feed additives;

[0059] Treatment 2: The feed additive prepared in Example 1 was mixed with the conventional feed for laying hens and fed to them. The intake of the additive was 0.36 g / hen / day, and the additive accounted for 0.3% of the conventional feed.

[0060] Treatment 3: The feed additive prepared in Example 2 was mixed with the conventional feed for laying hens and fed to them. The intake of the additive was 0.36 g / hen / day, and the additive accounted for 0.3% of the conventional feed.

[0061] Treatment 4: The feed additive prepared in Example 3 was mixed with the conventional feed for laying hens and fed to them. The intake of the additive was 0.36 g / hen / day, and the additive accounted for 0.3% of the conventional feed.

[0062] Treatment 5: The feed additive prepared in Example 4 was mixed with the conventional feed for laying hens and fed to them. The intake of the additive was 0.36 g / hen / day, and the proportion of the additive in the conventional feed was 0.3%.

[0063] Treatment 6: The feed additive prepared in Comparative Example 1 was mixed with the conventional feed for laying hens and fed to ensure that the intake of Viola yedoensis and rice porridge selenium polypeptide was the same as that in Treatment 2.

[0064] Treatment 7: The feed additive prepared in Comparative Example 2 was mixed with the conventional feed for laying hens and fed to them so that the intake of Schizochytrium powder was the same as that in Treatment 2.

[0065] Treatment 8: The feed additive prepared in Comparative Example 3 was mixed with the conventional feed for laying hens and fed to them. The intake of the additive was 0.36 g / hen / day, and the additive accounted for 0.3% of the conventional feed.

[0066] Treatment 9: The feed additive prepared in Comparative Example 4 was mixed with the conventional feed for laying hens and fed to them. The intake of the additive was 0.36 g / hen / day, and the additive accounted for 0.3% of the conventional feed.

[0067] Treatment 10: Viola leaf broken rice selenium peptide was mixed with conventional feed for laying hens and fed to them so that the intake of Viola leaf broken rice selenium peptide was the same as that in Treatment 2.

[0068] Treatment 11: Mix the Schizochytrium powder with the regular feed for laying hens and feed them the same amount of Schizochytrium powder as in Treatment 2.

[0069] Treatment 12: The powder of *Schizochytrium* and selenium peptides of *Viola yezoensis* were mixed with the conventional feed of laying hens and fed to them so that the intake of *Schizochytrium* powder and selenium peptides of *Viola yezoensis* was the same as that of Treatment 2.

[0070] The first feeding was designated as day 1. After 20 consecutive days of feeding, the content of α-linolenic acid, EPA, DHA and selenium in the eggs was tested. The fatty acid determination was carried out in accordance with the national standard GB5009.168-2016, and the selenium (Se) content determination was carried out in accordance with the national standard GB5009.93-2017. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0071] Table 1. Results of nutrient composition determination in eggs.

[0072]

[0073] Note: " / " indicates that it was not detected.

[0074] As shown in Table 1, the present invention can effectively increase the content of α-linolenic acid, EPA, DHA and selenium in eggs.

[0075] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a selenium-enriched and DHA-enriched feed additive, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Preparation of core material: Sodium alginate was dissolved in water, Schizochytrium powder and water-soluble selenoprotein were added, and the mixture was heated and mixed to obtain mixture 1; mixture 1 was added to rapeseed oil, and then polysorbate was added and mixed to obtain mixture 2; calcium chloride solution was added to mixture 2, the precipitate was collected after centrifugation and dried to obtain core material; Preparation of wall material: Melt corn fiber gum by heating, then add maltodextrin and polycaprolactone, mix and obtain the wall material; Coating: The core material and wall material are mixed and coated to obtain a selenium- and DHA-rich feed additive; The mass-to-volume ratio of sodium alginate to water is (1~2) g: 100 mL; the mass ratio of sodium alginate, Schizochytrium powder, and water-soluble selenoprotein is 5:2:

1. The mass ratio of mixture 1 to rapeseed oil and polysorbate is 1:(2~4):(0.1~0.5). The mass ratio of mixture 2 to calcium chloride solution is (0.5~1):3, and the concentration of calcium chloride solution is 0.3~1 mol / L; The mass ratio of core material to wall material is 1:1; The water-soluble selenoprotein is a selenium polypeptide from corydalis leaf and rice.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating and mixing process is carried out at 35~42℃.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of corn cellulose gum, maltodextrin and polycaprolactone is (0.5~2):0.5:(0.05~0.2).

4. The selenium-enriched DHA-enriched feed additive prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. The application of the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or the feed additive according to claim 4 in the preparation of high-quality functional poultry egg products, characterized in that, The poultry egg products are rich in selenium and DHA.

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