Intelligent icing meteorological cloud and mist parameter sensor

Abstract

The invention provides an intelligent icing weather cloud and mist parameter sensor, and belongs to the technical field of intelligent sensors, the sensor comprises a fixed seat, a conductive slip ring is arranged above the fixed seat, the conductive slip ring and the fixed seat are in bolted connection, a pipeline structure is arranged above the conductive slip ring, and the pipeline structure is in bolted connection with the fixed seat. A heating unit and a sensing unit are arranged in the pipeline structure, and the heating unit and the sensing unit are both arranged on the inner wall face of the pipeline structure. According to the intelligent icing meteorological cloud and mist parameter sensor, the technical problem that an existing sensor is insufficient in measurement precision, reliability and data processing capacity under the complex meteorological condition is solved, meteorological cloud and mist parameters can be accurately measured, data are solved through a neural network model, the measurement accuracy and reliability are improved, and the measurement accuracy and reliability are improved. And the requirements of aerospace and other fields on meteorological parameter measurement are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of intelligent sensors, and in particular to an intelligent icing meteorological cloud parameter sensor. Background Art

[0002] Icing is a long-standing problem in aviation, posing a serious threat to the safe operation of aircraft. During takeoff and landing, the impact of supercooled droplets while passing through clouds can cause ice to accumulate on the aircraft's surface. This ice accumulation not only disrupts the aircraft's aerodynamic shape but can also affect engine operation and even cause safety accidents. To ensure safe flight in icing weather conditions, anti-icing systems are crucial. Currently, heating is a common method for aircraft anti-icing, and the design and efficiency of anti-icing systems depend heavily on accurate measurements of the icing environment.

[0003] In recent years, the measurement of liquid water content (LWC) has primarily relied on rotating multi-cylinder instruments. While these instruments can provide measurements of LWC and mean volume diameter (MVD) of water droplets, they are bulky, costly, and have limitations in practical applications. With technological advancements, optical-based measurement devices, such as forward scattering spectrometers (FSSPs), optical array instruments (OAPs), and phase Doppler particle analyzers (PDPAs), have provided more accurate measurement methods. However, these instruments are typically expensive and heavy, making them difficult to deploy on a large scale for small aircraft such as drones.

[0004] In general, existing measurement equipment faces several challenges in practical applications, including: a) Cost: High-precision optical measurement equipment is expensive, limiting its use in cost-sensitive applications. b) Weight: Existing equipment is heavy, making it unsuitable for small aircraft, such as drones. c) Measurement accuracy: Under certain weather conditions, existing equipment may not provide sufficiently accurate measurement results. d) Real-time performance: Existing equipment lacks the ability to provide real-time measurement data, hindering the timely response of anti-icing systems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an intelligent icing meteorological cloud parameter sensor, which solves the technical problems of insufficient measurement accuracy, reliability and data processing capabilities of existing sensors under complex meteorological conditions. It can accurately measure meteorological cloud parameters, solve data through a neural network model, improve the accuracy and reliability of measurement, and meet the needs of aerospace and other fields for meteorological parameter measurement.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0007] An intelligent icing meteorological cloud parameter sensor includes a fixed base, a conductive slip ring is provided above the fixed base, the conductive slip ring and the fixed base are bolted together, a pipeline structure is provided above the conductive slip ring, a heating unit and a sensing unit are provided inside the pipeline structure, and the heating unit and the sensing unit are both arranged on the inner wall surface of the pipeline structure.

[0008] Preferably, the pipeline structure consists of a horizontal pipeline, a bending connector, a vertical pipeline and a curved pipeline. The horizontal pipeline, the bending connector, the vertical pipeline and the curved pipeline form an integrated structure, and the corresponding internal flow channels are all connected; one end of the horizontal pipeline is connected to one end of the bending connector, the other end of the bending connector is connected to the top of the vertical pipeline, one end of the curved pipeline is connected to the inside of the vertical pipeline, and the bottom of the vertical pipeline is embedded in the conductive slip ring.

[0009] Preferably, the internal flow channel of the pipeline structure is in a Z-shape, and a weather vane is provided on the outer surface of the pipeline structure. The weather vane is a wedge-shaped structure and is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the pipeline structure.

[0010] Preferably, an air flow inlet is provided on the horizontal pipe, and the air flow inlet is arranged at an end away from the connection between the bent connector and the horizontal pipe.

[0011] Preferably, the heating unit is provided at the position of the air flow inlet, and the heating unit is an electric heating wire, and the electric heating wire is embedded below the inner wall surface of the horizontal pipe.

[0012] Preferably, the bending connector is composed of at least one 90° bending structure, and the inner walls of the bending connector and the horizontal pipe are both provided with electric heating plates, and the electric heating plates are embedded above the inner wall surfaces of the bending connector and the horizontal pipe. The embedded shape of the electric heating plates is adapted to the shape of the bending connector, and the heating power of the electric heating plates is constant.

[0013] Preferably, the sensing unit is further provided inside the bent connector, and the sensing unit is composed of a plurality of temperature sensors, and the plurality of temperature sensors are evenly distributed on the surface of the electric heating plate, and the plurality of temperature sensors are thermocouples or platinum resistors, and are electrically connected to the conductive slip ring through wires.

[0014] Preferably, an annular groove is provided on the outer surface of the bottom wall of the vertical pipe, and the outer ring surface of the annular groove is adapted to the inner ring surface of the conductive slip ring.

[0015] Preferably, an air flow outlet is provided on the curved pipe, and the air flow outlet is arranged at one end away from the connection between the side wall of the vertical pipe and the curved pipe.

[0016] Preferably, a lead is connected to the bottom of the fixing seat, one end of the lead is electrically connected to the conductive slip ring, and the other end of the lead is connected to a data processing circuit board. The data processing circuit board is integrated with a neural network model, which is responsible for solving the electrical signal from the conductive slip ring to obtain the liquid water content, average volume diameter and diameter distribution parameters of the supercooled droplets in the air.

[0017] According to the specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0018] (1) The present invention provides an intelligent icing weather cloud parameter sensor with an integrated data processing circuit board. This sensor automatically processes data collected by a temperature sensor and uses a neural network to calculate key parameters such as liquid water content (LWC) and mean volume diameter (MVD). This automated measurement and data processing capability improves the sensor's response speed and accuracy, providing real-time icing warnings for aircraft.

[0019] (2) The present invention utilizes a pipeline structure design that simulates the motion trajectory of supercooled liquid droplets within the pipeline, enabling precise measurement of the LWC and MVD in the air. By utilizing the principle that droplets evaporate upon impacting the inner wall of the pipeline, removing heat, the temperature sensor measures the temperature change on the surface of the electric heater, thereby inferring the LWC and MVD. By providing accurate LWC and MVD data, the sensor of the present invention helps optimize the design of an aircraft's anti-icing system. Accurate meteorological parameters are crucial for determining heating power and anti-icing strategies, thereby ensuring safe flight in icing environments.

[0020] (3) The lightweight and low-cost nature of the sensor makes it particularly suitable for use in small aircraft such as drones. In harsh weather conditions such as high altitude, high humidity, and mountainous areas, drones can use the sensor to obtain real-time weather data, thereby avoiding flying into hazardous areas where icing may occur. This not only improves drone flight safety but also extends its flight time in adverse weather conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an intelligent icing meteorological cloud parameter sensor according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2This is a cross-sectional view of the pipeline structure of an intelligent icing meteorological cloud parameter sensor of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the motion trajectories of droplets of different diameters in a pipe structure provided in Example 1 of the present invention; wherein, Figure 3 (a) is a schematic diagram of the motion trajectory of a large droplet in a pipe structure. Figure 3 (b) is a schematic diagram of the motion trajectory of a small droplet in a pipe structure;

[0025] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a neural network model for calculating LWC and MVD in air provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the variation of the temperature at the measurement point with the droplet diameter provided in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the variation of the measurement point temperature with the liquid water content provided in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0028] Description of reference numerals:

[0029] 1. Fixed seat; 2. Conductive slip ring; 3. Pipe structure; 31. Horizontal pipe; 32. Bending connector; 33. Vertical pipe; 34. Curved pipe; 4. Wind vane; 5. Air flow inlet; 6. Electric heating wire; 7. Electric heating plate; 8. Temperature sensor; 9. Air flow outlet; 10. Lead wire. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the present invention provides an intelligent icing meteorological cloud parameter sensor, including a fixing base 1, which provides a stable support base for the entire sensor. A conductive slip ring 2 is provided above the fixing base 1, and the conductive slip ring 2 and the fixing base 1 are bolted to ensure the stability between the two, and to ensure that the sensor will not be displaced due to vibration or other external forces during flight. As a key component of the sensor, the conductive slip ring 2 serves to connect the pipeline structure 3 with the external circuit. It can realize the electrical connection between the rotating part and the stationary part, so that the sensor can still transmit signals normally under different motion states. A pipeline structure 3 is provided above the conductive slip ring 2, and a heating unit and a sensing unit are provided inside the pipeline structure 3. The heating unit and the sensing unit are both arranged on the inner wall surface of the pipeline structure 3.

[0034] The pipe structure 3 consists of a horizontal pipe 31, a bent connector 32, a vertical pipe 33, and a curved pipe 34. These components form an integrated structure, and their corresponding internal flow paths are interconnected. One end of the horizontal pipe 31 is connected to one end of the bent connector 32, and the other end of the bent connector 32 is connected to the top of the vertical pipe 33. The curved pipe 34 is connected to the sidewall of the vertical pipe 33, and the bottom of the vertical pipe 33 is embedded in the conductive slip ring 2. The internal flow path of the pipe structure 3 is Z-shaped, which facilitates the flow and distribution of airflow within the pipe, enabling the sensor to more accurately collect meteorological parameters. A wedge-shaped weather vane 4 is provided on the outer surface of the pipe structure 3, fixedly connected to the outer surface of the pipe structure 3. The weather vane 4 indicates the direction of airflow, helping the sensor better adapt to different meteorological conditions and improving measurement accuracy.

[0035] An airflow inlet 5 is provided on the horizontal pipe 31, located at an end away from the connection between the bent connector 32 and the horizontal pipe 31. This ensures smooth airflow and avoids airflow interference caused by the bend in the pipe structure 3. A heating unit, comprising an electric heating wire 6, is also provided at the location of the airflow inlet 5. The heating unit is embedded below the inner wall of the horizontal pipe 31 and is used to heat the incoming airflow, providing conditions for the evaporation of liquid water.

[0036] In addition, the bent connector 32 is composed of at least one 90° bend structure. The inner walls of the bent connector 32 and the horizontal pipe 31 are provided with electric heating plates 7. The electric heating plates 7 are embedded above the inner wall surfaces of the bent connector 32 and the horizontal pipe 31. The embedded shape of the electric heating plates 7 is adapted to the shape of the bent connector 32, and the heating power of the electric heating plates 7 is constant. On the one hand, the electric heating plates 7 further heat the airflow, and on the other hand, they provide sufficient heat for the evaporation of liquid water. In addition, a sensing unit is also provided inside the bent connector 32. The sensing unit is composed of multiple temperature sensors 8. The multiple temperature sensors 8 are evenly distributed on the surface of the electric heating plates 7. The multiple temperature sensors 8 are thermocouples or platinum resistors and are electrically connected to the conductive slip ring 2 through a wire. They are used to measure the temperature distribution on the surface of the electric heating plates 7, thereby obtaining parameters such as the liquid water content. An annular groove is also formed on the outer surface of the bottom wall of the vertical pipe 33. The outer surface of the groove mates with the inner surface of the conductive slip ring 2, ensuring a tight connection between the pipe structure 3 and the conductive slip ring 2 and facilitating the installation and positioning of the sensor. An airflow outlet 9 is formed on the curved pipe 34. This outlet 9 is located at the end away from the connection between the side wall of the vertical pipe 33 and the curved pipe 34 to ensure smooth airflow and avoid airflow blockage caused by the pipe bend.

[0037] Finally, a lead 10 is connected to the bottom of the fixing base 1. One end of the lead 10 is electrically connected to the conductive slip ring 2, and the other end of the lead 10 is connected to the data processing circuit board to realize data transmission and processing. The data processing circuit board integrates a neural network model, which is responsible for solving the electrical signal from the conductive slip ring 2 and obtaining the liquid water content, average volume diameter and diameter distribution parameters of the supercooled droplets in the air. In turn, it provides data support for the aircraft's anti-icing system, helping the aircraft to fly safely in icing weather environments. Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the neural network model is divided into three layers: input layer, hidden layer and output layer. The nodes of the input layer represent the temperature, wind speed and air temperature of each measurement point, and are represented by (X1, X2, X3, ..., X n ) indicates that these data are the original input of the neural network model and come from the environmental parameters collected by sensors at different measurement points. Each input node is connected to the nodes of the hidden layer through weights, , where i represents the node index of the hidden layer and j represents the node index of the input layer. The hidden layer is located between the input layer and the output layer. Its nodes are interconnected through weighted connections and are connected to the input layer and the output layer. The weights between the nodes in the hidden layer are expressed as and Represented as (y1, y2, ..., y2) where i and j represent the node indexes of different layers. The nodes in the hidden layer perform nonlinear transformations on the input data and learn the complex relationships in the input data by adjusting weights and biases, thereby extracting features useful for the output. The nodes in the output layer are used to output the calculated liquid water content (LWC) and mean volume diameter (MVD) of water droplets, represented by (y1, y2, ..., y2). n ) indicates that the nodes of the output layer and the nodes of the hidden layer are connected by weights Connections, these weights transform the results processed by the hidden layer into the final output results.

[0038] Therefore, the neural network model processes temperature, wind speed, and air temperature data in the input layer, and uses complex calculations and feature extraction in the hidden layer to ultimately calculate the liquid water content (LWC) and mean volume diameter (MVD) of water droplets in the output layer. This neural network model effectively utilizes sensor data, accurately calculating key meteorological parameters in the air through learning and training, and thus provides important data support for safe flight in icing conditions.

[0039] The following is a further explanation of this embodiment. The sensor is composed of a pipe. There is a 90° bend at the airflow inlet 5 of the pipe. The air outside the aircraft enters the pipe of the sensor at a relative speed. After the supercooled droplets enter the pipe, due to the different inertia of the supercooled droplets of different diameters, they will impact different positions on the inner wall of the pipe at the 90° bend, such as Figure 3 As shown in (a) and (b) in the figure. On the inner wall of the pipe, a metal heating plate is energized and heated at the location where the droplets hit, so as to keep the surface at a high temperature and prevent ice from forming. After the droplets hit the surface of the metal heating plate, they evaporate and become water vapor and flow out from the airflow outlet 9 of the sensor pipeline with the airflow, during which the heat on the surface of the electric heating plate 7 is taken away. A plurality of temperature sensors 8 (in the form of thermocouples or platinum resistance) are arranged on the surface of the electric heating plate 7, and the heating power of the electric heating plate 7 is constant to measure the temperature distribution on the inner wall of the pipe. The internal temperature distribution of the pipe will change with the change of multiple parameters. Under the conditions of fixed flight speed and atmospheric temperature, the influence of the LWC and MVD parameters of the supercooled droplets on the temperature distribution of the inner wall is as follows. Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown.

[0040] according to Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the temperature distributions for different droplet diameters a, b, and c exhibit similar trends, but differ in the specific values of the peak and valley values. As the droplet diameter increases, the peak temperature tends to increase. This indicates that a larger droplet diameter may cause more significant temperature changes at a specific location. Furthermore, as the temperature measurement point position changes, the temperature curves corresponding to different droplet diameters intersect at certain locations, indicating that droplet diameter has different effects on temperature at different locations. Furthermore, the temperature distributions for different liquid water contents a, b, and c also exhibit similar trends, but differ in the specific values of the peak and valley values. As the liquid water content increases, the peak temperature tends to increase. This indicates that a higher liquid water content may cause more significant temperature changes at a specific location. Similarly, as the droplet diameter changes, the temperature curves corresponding to different liquid water contents intersect at certain locations, indicating that the effect of liquid water content on temperature varies at different locations. Therefore, based on the above, when designing sensors for measuring meteorological cloud parameters, it is necessary to consider the effects of droplet diameter and liquid water content on temperature measurement and the changes in temperature distribution caused by different droplet diameters and liquid water contents.

[0041] Therefore, the use of the above-mentioned intelligent icing meteorological cloud parameter sensor solves the technical problems of insufficient measurement accuracy, reliability and data processing capabilities of existing sensors under complex meteorological conditions. It can accurately measure meteorological cloud parameters and solve data through a neural network model, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of measurement and meeting the needs of aerospace and other fields for meteorological parameter measurement.

[0042] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only intended to help understand the method and core concept of the present invention. At the same time, those skilled in the art will find that the specific implementation methods and application scopes may vary based on the concept of the present invention. In summary, the contents of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent icing weather cloud parameter sensor, characterized in that: It includes a fixing seat, a conductive slip ring is provided above the fixing seat, the conductive slip ring and the fixing seat are bolted together, a pipeline structure is provided above the conductive slip ring, a heating unit and a sensor unit are provided inside the pipeline structure, and the heating unit and the sensor unit are both arranged on the inner wall surface of the pipeline structure.

2. The intelligent icing meteorological cloud parameter sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pipeline structure consists of a horizontal pipeline, a bending connector, a vertical pipeline and a curved pipeline. The horizontal pipeline, the bending connector, the vertical pipeline and the curved pipeline form an integrated structure, and the corresponding internal flow channels are all connected; one end of the horizontal pipeline is connected to one end of the bending connector, the other end of the bending connector is connected to the top of the vertical pipeline, one end of the curved pipeline is connected to the inside of the vertical pipeline, and the bottom of the vertical pipeline is embedded in the conductive slip ring.

3. The intelligent icing meteorological cloud parameter sensor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The internal flow channel of the pipeline structure is in a Z shape. The outer surface of the pipeline structure is provided with a weather vane, which is a wedge-shaped structure and is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the pipeline structure.

4. The intelligent icing meteorological cloud parameter sensor according to claim 3, characterized in that: An air flow inlet is provided on the horizontal pipe, and the air flow inlet is arranged at one end away from the connection between the bent connector and the horizontal pipe.

5. The intelligent icing meteorological cloud parameter sensor according to claim 4, characterized in that: The heating unit is provided at the position of the air flow inlet. The heating unit is an electric heating wire, and the electric heating wire is embedded below the inner wall surface of the horizontal pipe.

6. The intelligent icing meteorological cloud parameter sensor according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bent connector consists of at least one 90° bent structure. The inner wall of the bent connector and the horizontal pipe are both provided with electric heating plates. The electric heating plates are embedded above the inner wall surfaces of the bent connector and the horizontal pipe. The embedded shape of the electric heating plates is adapted to the shape of the bent connector, and the heating power of the electric heating plates is constant.

7. The intelligent icing meteorological cloud parameter sensor according to claim 6, characterized in that: The sensing unit is also provided inside the bent connector, and the sensing unit is composed of a plurality of temperature sensors, which are evenly distributed on the surface of the electric heating plate. The plurality of temperature sensors are thermocouples or platinum resistors and are electrically connected to the conductive slip ring through wires.

8. The intelligent icing meteorological cloud parameter sensor according to claim 7, characterized in that: An annular groove is provided on the outer surface of the bottom pipe wall of the vertical pipe, and the outer ring surface of the annular groove is adapted to the inner ring surface of the conductive slip ring.

9. The intelligent icing meteorological cloud parameter sensor according to claim 8, characterized in that: An air flow outlet is provided on the curved pipe, and the air flow outlet is arranged at one end away from the connection between the side wall of the vertical pipe and the curved pipe.

10. The intelligent icing meteorological cloud parameter sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A lead is connected to the bottom of the fixing seat, one end of the lead is electrically connected to the conductive slip ring, and the other end of the lead is connected to a data processing circuit board. The data processing circuit board is integrated with a neural network model, which is responsible for solving the electrical signal from the conductive slip ring to obtain the liquid water content, average volume diameter and diameter distribution parameters of the supercooled droplets in the air.

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