Intelligent icing weather cloud and fog parameter sensor

Abstract

The application provides a kind of intelligent icing weather cloud and mist parameter sensor, belongs to intelligent sensor technical field, the sensor includes fixed seat, the top of the fixed seat is equipped with conductive slip ring, the bolt connection between the conductive slip ring and fixed seat, the top of the conductive slip ring is equipped with pipeline structure, the inside of the pipeline structure is equipped with heating unit and sensing unit, the heating unit and sensing unit are all arranged on the inner wall surface of the pipeline structure.The application adopts the above-mentioned intelligent icing weather cloud and mist parameter sensor, solves the technical problems of insufficient measurement accuracy, reliability and data processing capability of existing sensors under complex weather conditions, can accurately measure weather cloud and mist parameters, and improves the accuracy and reliability of measurement by solving data through a neural network model, meets the demand of weather parameter measurement in the field of aerospace, etc.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of intelligent sensor technology, and in particular to an intelligent icing meteorological cloud and fog parameter sensor. Background Technology

[0002] Icing is a long-standing problem in the aviation industry, posing a serious threat to the safe flight of aircraft. During takeoff and landing, impacts with supercooled droplets while passing through clouds can cause ice to form on the aircraft's surface. Icing not only disrupts the aircraft's aerodynamic shape but can also affect engine operation and even lead to safety accidents. To ensure safe flight in icing weather environments, anti-icing and de-icing systems are crucial. Currently, heated de-icing is a common method used in aircraft, and the design and efficiency of these systems largely depend on accurate measurements of the icing environment.

[0003] In recent years, the measurement of liquid water content (LWC) has mainly relied on rotating multi-cylinder measuring instruments. While these instruments can measure both LWC and the average volume diameter (MVD) of water droplets, they are bulky, expensive, and have limitations in practical applications. With technological advancements, optical-based measurement devices such as forward scattering spectrometers (FSSP), optical array spectrometers (OAP), and phase Doppler particle analyzers (PDPA) offer more precise measurement methods. However, these instruments are typically expensive and heavy, making them difficult to deploy on a large scale for small aircraft such as drones.

[0004] In summary, existing measurement equipment has several problems in practical applications, such as: a) Cost: High-precision optical measurement equipment is expensive, limiting its use in cost-sensitive applications. b) Weight: Existing equipment is relatively heavy, making it unsuitable for small aircraft, such as drones. c) Measurement accuracy: Under specific weather conditions, existing equipment may not provide sufficiently accurate measurement results. d) Real-time performance: Existing equipment cannot provide real-time measurement data, affecting the timely response of anti-icing and de-icing systems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent icing meteorological cloud and fog parameter sensor, which solves the technical problems of insufficient measurement accuracy, reliability and data processing capabilities of existing sensors under complex meteorological conditions. It can accurately measure meteorological cloud and fog parameters, and improve the accuracy and reliability of measurement by solving data through a neural network model, thus meeting the needs of meteorological parameter measurement in aerospace and other fields.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0007] A smart icing weather cloud and fog parameter sensor includes a fixed base, a conductive slip ring is provided above the fixed base, the conductive slip ring is bolted to the fixed base, a pipe structure is provided above the conductive slip ring, and a heating unit and a sensing unit are provided inside the pipe structure, both of which are disposed on the inner wall surface of the pipe structure.

[0008] Preferably, the pipe structure consists of a horizontal pipe, a bent connector, a vertical pipe, and a curved pipe. The horizontal pipe, the bent connector, the vertical pipe, and the curved pipe form an integral structure, and their corresponding internal flow channels are all interconnected. One end of the horizontal pipe is connected to one end of the bent connector, the other end of the bent connector is connected to the top of the vertical pipe, one end of the curved pipe is connected to the inside of the vertical pipe, and the bottom of the vertical pipe is embedded in the conductive slip ring.

[0009] Preferably, the internal flow channel of the pipe structure is Z-shaped, and the outer surface of the pipe structure is provided with a wind vane, which is a wedge-shaped structure and is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the pipe structure.

[0010] Preferably, the horizontal pipe has an airflow inlet located at the end away from the connection between the bent connector and the horizontal pipe.

[0011] Preferably, the heating unit is provided at the location of the airflow inlet, and the heating unit is an electric heating wire embedded below the inner wall surface of the horizontal pipe.

[0012] Preferably, the bending connector is composed of at least one 90° bending structure, and both the inner wall of the bending connector and the horizontal pipe are provided with electric heating elements. The electric heating elements are embedded above the inner wall surface of the bending connector and the horizontal pipe. The embedded shape of the electric heating elements is adapted to the shape of the bending connector, and the heating power of the electric heating elements is constant.

[0013] Preferably, the bending connector is further provided with the sensing unit inside. The sensing unit consists of multiple temperature sensors, which are evenly distributed on the surface of the electric heating element. The multiple temperature sensors are thermocouples or platinum resistance thermometers and are electrically connected to the conductive slip ring through wires.

[0014] Preferably, the bottom wall of the vertical pipe is provided with an annular groove, and the outer ring surface of the annular groove is adapted to the inner ring surface of the conductive slip ring.

[0015] Preferably, the curved pipe has an airflow outlet, which is located at the end of the curved pipe where the side wall away from the vertical pipe connects to the curved pipe.

[0016] Preferably, the bottom of the fixing base is connected to a lead wire, one end of which is electrically connected to the conductive slip ring, and the other end of which is connected to a data processing circuit board. The data processing circuit board integrates a neural network model, which is responsible for calculating the electrical signal from the conductive slip ring to obtain the liquid water content, average volume diameter, and diameter distribution parameters of the supercooled droplets in the air.

[0017] According to specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0018] (1) The present invention provides an intelligent icing meteorological cloud and fog parameter sensor, which integrates a data processing circuit board. It can automatically process the data collected by the temperature sensor and calculate key parameters such as liquid water content (LWC) and average volume diameter of water droplets (MVD) through a neural network. This automated measurement and data processing capability improves the sensor's response speed and accuracy, providing real-time icing warnings for aircraft.

[0019] (2) This invention employs a pipe structure design. By simulating the trajectory of supercooled droplets within the pipe, it can accurately measure the LWC and MVD in the air. Utilizing the principle that the droplets evaporate and carry away heat after impacting the inner wall of the pipe, a temperature sensor measures the temperature change on the surface of the electric heating element, thereby calculating the LWC and MVD. By providing accurate LWC and MVD data, the sensor of this invention helps optimize the design of the aircraft's anti-icing and de-icing system. Accurate meteorological parameters are crucial for determining heating power and anti-icing strategies, thereby ensuring the safe flight of the aircraft in icing weather environments.

[0020] (3) The lightweight and low-cost characteristics of the sensor of this invention make it particularly suitable for use in small aircraft such as drones. In harsh weather conditions such as high altitude, high humidity, and mountainous areas, drones can use this sensor to obtain real-time meteorological data, thereby avoiding flying into dangerous areas that may lead to icing. This not only improves the flight safety of drones but also extends their flight time in harsh weather conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an intelligent icing meteorological cloud and fog parameter sensor according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2This is a cross-sectional view of the pipe structure of an intelligent icing meteorological cloud and fog parameter sensor according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the motion trajectories of droplets of different diameters within a pipe structure, as provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; wherein, Figure 3 (a) in the diagram is a schematic diagram of the trajectory of a large droplet in the pipe structure. Figure 3 (b) is a schematic diagram of the trajectory of a small droplet in the pipe structure;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a neural network model for calculating LWC and MVD in air, provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the variation of temperature at the measurement point with droplet diameter as provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the variation of temperature at the measurement point with the liquid water content, as provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0028] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0029] 1. Fixture; 2. Conductive slip ring; 3. Pipe structure; 31. Horizontal pipe; 32. Bending connector; 33. Vertical pipe; 34. Bending pipe; 4. Wind vane; 5. Airflow inlet; 6. Electric heating wire; 7. Electric heating element; 8. Temperature sensor; 9. Airflow outlet; 10. Lead wire. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, this invention provides an intelligent icing weather cloud and fog parameter sensor, including a fixed base 1, which provides a stable support foundation for the entire sensor. A conductive slip ring 2 is provided above the fixed base 1, and the conductive slip ring 2 is bolted to the fixed base 1, ensuring the stability of the two and preventing the sensor from shifting due to vibration or other external forces during flight. The conductive slip ring 2, as a key component of the sensor, serves to connect the pipe structure 3 to the external circuitry. It enables electrical connection between rotating and stationary components, allowing the sensor to transmit signals normally under different motion states. A pipe structure 3 is located above the conductive slip ring 2, and a heating unit and a sensing unit are located inside the pipe structure 3, both of which are disposed on the inner wall surface of the pipe structure 3.

[0034] The pipe structure 3 comprises a horizontal pipe 31, a bent connector 32, a vertical pipe 33, and a curved pipe 34. These components form an integrated structure with interconnected internal flow channels. One end of the horizontal pipe 31 connects to one end of the bent connector 32, and the other end of the bent connector 32 connects to the top of the vertical pipe 33. The curved pipe 34 is connected to the side wall of the vertical pipe 33, and the bottom of the vertical pipe 33 is embedded within a conductive slip ring 2. The internal flow channels of the pipe structure 3 are Z-shaped, which facilitates airflow and distribution within the pipe, enabling the sensor to collect meteorological parameters more accurately. A wind vane 4, a wedge-shaped structure, is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the pipe structure 3. The wind vane 4 indicates the airflow direction, helping the sensor better adapt to different meteorological conditions and improving measurement accuracy.

[0035] An airflow inlet 5 is provided on the horizontal pipe 31. The airflow inlet 5 is located at the end away from the connection between the bending connector 32 and the horizontal pipe 31 to ensure stable airflow and avoid airflow interference caused by the bending of the pipe structure 3. At the same time, a heating unit is provided at the location of the airflow inlet 5. The heating unit is an electric heating wire 6, which is embedded in the lower part of the inner wall of the horizontal pipe 31 to heat the incoming airflow and provide conditions for the evaporation of liquid water.

[0036] Furthermore, the bending connector 32 consists of at least one 90° bend. Electric heating elements 7 are provided on the inner walls of both the bending connector 32 and the horizontal pipe 31. These elements are embedded above the inner wall surfaces of both the bending connector 32 and the horizontal pipe 31, with the embedding shape matching the shape of the bending connector 32. The heating power of the electric heating elements 7 is constant. The electric heating elements 7 further heat the airflow and provide sufficient heat for the evaporation of liquid water. Additionally, a sensing unit is located inside the bending connector 32. This sensing unit consists of multiple temperature sensors 8, which are evenly distributed on the surface of the electric heating elements 7. These temperature sensors 8 are thermocouples or platinum resistance thermometers and are electrically connected to the conductive slip ring 2 via wires. They are used to measure the temperature distribution on the surface of the electric heating elements 7, thereby obtaining parameters such as the liquid water content. Meanwhile, the bottom wall of the vertical pipe 33 has an annular groove on its outer surface. The outer surface of the annular groove matches the inner surface of the conductive slip ring 2, ensuring a tight connection between the pipe structure 3 and the conductive slip ring 2, and facilitating the installation and positioning of the sensor. An airflow outlet 9 is provided on the curved pipe 34. The airflow outlet 9 is located at the end of the side wall away from the vertical pipe 33 where it connects to the curved pipe 34, ensuring smooth airflow and preventing airflow blockage due to pipe curvature.

[0037] Finally, a lead wire 10 is connected to the bottom of the mounting base 1. One end of the lead wire 10 is electrically connected to the conductive slip ring 2, and the other end is connected to the data processing circuit board to realize data transmission and processing. The data processing circuit board integrates a neural network model, which is responsible for calculating the electrical signals from the conductive slip ring 2 to obtain the liquid water content, average droplet volume diameter, and diameter distribution parameters of the supercooled droplets in the air. This provides data support for the aircraft's anti-icing and de-icing system, helping the aircraft to fly safely in icing weather conditions. (Refer to...) Figure 4 As shown, the above neural network model consists of three layers: an input layer, a hidden layer, and an output layer. The nodes in the input layer represent the temperature, wind speed, and air temperature at each measurement point, denoted by (X1, X2, X3, ..., X...). n This indicates that these data are the raw inputs to the neural network model, originating from environmental parameters collected by sensors at different measurement points. Each input node is connected to nodes in the hidden layer via weights. Let be the node index of the hidden layer and j be the node index of the input layer. The hidden layer is located between the input and output layers, and its nodes are interconnected through weighted connections, and are connected to both the input and output layers. The weights between the nodes in the hidden layer are represented by . and Let represent the node indices of different layers, where i and j represent the node indices of different layers. The nodes in the hidden layers perform nonlinear transformations on the input data, learning complex relationships within the input data by adjusting weights and biases, thereby extracting features useful for the output. The nodes in the output layer are used to output the calculated liquid water content (LWC) and the average droplet volume diameter (MVD), represented by (y1, y2, ..., yj). n This indicates that the nodes in the output layer and the nodes in the hidden layer are connected by weights. These weights, connected together, transform the results processed by the hidden layer into the final output.

[0038] Therefore, this neural network model processes data such as temperature, wind speed, and air temperature from the input layer, utilizes complex calculations and feature extraction in the hidden layer, and finally obtains the calculated results of liquid water content (LWC) and average droplet volume diameter (MVD) in the output layer. This neural network model can effectively utilize data collected by sensors, and through learning and training, accurately calculate key meteorological parameters in the air, thus providing important data support for the safe flight of aircraft under icing weather conditions.

[0039] The following is a further explanation of this embodiment. The sensor is composed of a pipe, with a 90° bend at the airflow inlet 5. Air from outside the aircraft enters the sensor's pipe at a relative velocity. After entering the pipe, supercooled droplets, due to the different inertia of droplets of different diameters, will impact different locations on the inner wall of the pipe at the 90° bend, such as... Figure 3 As shown in (a) and (b) of the diagram. On the inner wall of the pipe, a metal heating element is electrically heated at the point where droplets impact, maintaining a high surface temperature and preventing icing. After impacting the metal heating element, the droplets evaporate into water vapor and flow out through the airflow outlet 9 of the sensor pipe, carrying away heat from the surface of the electric heating element 7. Multiple temperature sensors 8 (thermocouples or platinum resistance thermometers) are arranged on the surface of the electric heating element 7, with a constant heating power, to measure the temperature distribution on the inner wall of the pipe. The internal temperature distribution of the pipe changes with several parameters. Under the condition of fixed flight speed and atmospheric temperature, the influence of the LWC and MVD parameters of the supercooled droplets on the temperature distribution of the inner wall is as follows: Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown.

[0040] according to Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the temperature distribution exhibits similar trends under different droplet diameters a, b, and c, but differs in the specific values ​​of the peak and trough values. The peak temperature tends to increase with increasing droplet diameter. This indicates that a larger droplet diameter may lead to more significant temperature changes at a specific location. Furthermore, during the change of temperature measurement point location, the temperature curves corresponding to different droplet diameters intersect at certain points, indicating that the droplet diameter has different effects on temperature at different locations. Similarly, the temperature distribution also exhibits similar trends under different liquid water contents a, b, and c, but again, differs in the specific values ​​of the peak and trough values. The peak temperature tends to increase with increasing liquid water content. This indicates that a higher liquid water content may lead to more significant temperature changes at a specific location. Likewise, similar to the droplet diameter, the temperature curves corresponding to different liquid water contents intersect at certain points during the change of temperature measurement point location, indicating that the liquid water content has different effects on temperature at different locations. Therefore, based on the above, when designing sensors for measuring meteorological cloud and fog parameters, it is necessary to consider the influence of droplet diameter and liquid water content on temperature measurement, as well as the changes in temperature distribution caused by different droplet diameters and liquid water contents.

[0041] Therefore, the above-mentioned intelligent icing meteorological cloud and fog parameter sensor solves the technical problems of insufficient measurement accuracy, reliability and data processing capability of existing sensors under complex meteorological conditions. It can accurately measure meteorological cloud and fog parameters, and improve the accuracy and reliability of measurement by solving data through neural network model, thus meeting the needs of meteorological parameter measurement in aerospace and other fields.

[0042] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent icing meteorological cloud and fog parameter sensor, characterized in that, The device includes a fixed base, a conductive slip ring is provided above the fixed base, the conductive slip ring is bolted to the fixed base, a pipe structure is provided above the conductive slip ring, and a heating unit and a sensing unit are provided inside the pipe structure, both of which are disposed on the inner wall surface of the pipe structure. The pipeline structure consists of horizontal pipes, bent connectors, vertical pipes, and curved pipes. These components form a single integrated structure, and their corresponding internal flow channels are interconnected. One end of the horizontal pipe is connected to one end of the bent connector, and the other end of the bent connector is connected to the top of the vertical pipe. One end of the curved pipe is connected to the interior of the vertical pipe, and the bottom of the vertical pipe is embedded within the conductive slip ring. The internal flow channels of the pipeline structure are Z-shaped. The bending connector consists of at least one 90° bending structure. Both the bending connector and the inner wall of the horizontal pipe are provided with electric heating elements, which are embedded above the inner wall surfaces of the bending connector and the horizontal pipe.

2. The intelligent icing meteorological cloud and fog parameter sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer surface of the pipeline structure is provided with a wind vane, which is a wedge-shaped structure and is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the pipeline structure.

3. The intelligent icing meteorological cloud and fog parameter sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, An airflow inlet is provided on the horizontal pipe, and the airflow inlet is located at the end away from the connection between the bent connector and the horizontal pipe.

4. The intelligent icing meteorological cloud and fog parameter sensor according to claim 3, characterized in that, The heating unit is located at the airflow inlet. The heating unit is an electric heating wire, which is embedded in the lower part of the inner wall of the horizontal pipe.

5. The intelligent icing meteorological cloud and fog parameter sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shape of the electric heating element is adapted to the shape of the bent connector, and the heating power of the electric heating element is constant.

6. The intelligent icing meteorological cloud and fog parameter sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bending connector is further provided with the sensing unit, which consists of multiple temperature sensors. The multiple temperature sensors are evenly distributed on the surface of the electric heating element, and the multiple temperature sensors are thermocouples or platinum resistance thermometers, and are electrically connected to the conductive slip ring through wires.

7. The intelligent icing meteorological cloud and fog parameter sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom wall of the vertical pipe is provided with an annular groove, and the outer ring surface of the annular groove is adapted to the inner ring surface of the conductive slip ring.

8. The intelligent icing meteorological cloud and fog parameter sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, An airflow outlet is provided on the curved pipe, and the airflow outlet is located at the end where the side wall of the curved pipe is away from the vertical pipe and where the curved pipe connects.

9. The intelligent icing meteorological cloud and fog parameter sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the mounting base is connected to a lead wire. One end of the lead wire is electrically connected to the conductive slip ring, and the other end of the lead wire is connected to a data processing circuit board. The data processing circuit board integrates a neural network model, which is responsible for calculating the electrical signal from the conductive slip ring to obtain the liquid water content, average volume diameter, and diameter distribution parameters of the supercooled droplets in the air.

Images