A teaching model and demonstration method for dynamically demonstrating cerebrospinal fluid circulation pathway

Abstract

The present invention discloses a teaching model and demonstration method for dynamically demonstrating the cerebrospinal fluid circulation pathway, relating to the field of demonstration models. The model comprises a brain shell having cavities including the lateral ventricles, the third ventricle, and the fourth ventricle, and the subarachnoid space; aqueducts are provided between the cavities and between the fourth cavity and the subarachnoid space; the interior of each cavity is connected to a water tank via a water inlet pipe and a water pump, and the water tank contains water simulating cerebrospinal fluid; a plurality of water outlets are provided on the subarachnoid space, and the water outlets are connected to the water tank via a drain pipe; elastic filler serving as brain tissue is provided between all cavities and between the cavity and the subarachnoid space; the outlet of each aqueduct is configured as a variable diameter section, and a float is placed in the aqueduct; a motor is provided outside each aqueduct, and the output shaft of the motor passes through the aqueduct and is connected to the float via a traction rope. The present invention enhances teaching effectiveness by dynamically simulating the normal circulation process of cerebrospinal fluid and the pathological and physiological changes after obstruction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of demonstration models, in particular to a teaching model and a demonstration method for dynamically demonstrating a cerebrospinal fluid circulation pathway. Background Art

[0002] The cerebrospinal fluid circulation pathway is a crucial physiological process within the central nervous system, involving the production, circulation, and absorption of cerebrospinal fluid. The cerebrospinal fluid circulation pathway is crucial for maintaining the normal physiological functions of the brain and spinal cord. To understand various diseases of the nervous system, one must master the pathophysiological changes in cerebrospinal fluid circulation. Existing textbooks only provide images and text descriptions of this content, without dynamic processes. Many students have a limited understanding of the production, circulation, and absorption of cerebrospinal fluid, and most students are unable to understand the lectures, let alone the pathophysiological changes that occur when the cerebrospinal fluid circulation pathway is blocked.

[0003] In summary, current traditional teaching models cannot dynamically demonstrate the circulation process of cerebrospinal fluid, making it difficult for students to intuitively understand its complex physiological mechanisms. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a teaching model that can dynamically demonstrate the cerebrospinal fluid circulation pathway. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a teaching model and demonstration method for dynamically demonstrating the cerebrospinal fluid circulation pathway in response to the above-mentioned problems, thereby enhancing the teaching effect by dynamically simulating the normal circulation process of cerebrospinal fluid and the pathophysiological changes after obstruction.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a teaching model for dynamically demonstrating the cerebrospinal fluid circulation pathway, comprising a brain shell, wherein the brain shell has cavities serving as the lateral ventricles, the third ventricle, the fourth ventricle, and the subarachnoid space, wherein the walls of the cavities have portions made of elastic material; aqueducts are provided between the lateral ventricles and the third ventricles, between the third ventricle and the fourth ventricle, and between the fourth cavity and the subarachnoid space; the interior of each cavity is connected to a water tank via a water inlet pipe, and a water pump is provided between the cavity and the water tank, the water pump being installed on the passage of the water inlet pipe, and water simulating cerebrospinal fluid is stored in the water tank; a plurality of water outlets arranged along the contour of the subarachnoid space are provided on the subarachnoid space, and the water outlets are connected to the water tank via a drain pipe; elastic fillers serving as brain tissue are provided between all cavities and between the cavity and the subarachnoid space; and there are:

[0006] The outlet of each water pipe is configured as a variable diameter section, and a float is placed inside the water pipe. The geometric dimensions of the variable diameter section are smaller than the geometric dimensions of the inlet of the water pipe and the geometric dimensions of the float. A motor is provided outside each water pipe, and the output shaft of the motor passes through the water pipe and is connected to the float via a traction rope. A sealing ring is provided at the position where the output shaft of the motor passes through the water pipe.

[0007] Furthermore, a water pump is provided on each water inlet pipe; and an inlet valve with an adjustable opening is provided at the outlet of the water pump.

[0008] Furthermore, each water inlet pipe is connected to the water tank through the same main water pipe, the water pump is arranged on the main water pipe, and each water inlet pipe is provided with a water inlet valve with an adjustable opening.

[0009] Furthermore, the water pump, water inlet valve, and motor are all connected to a controller, and the energy input end of the controller is connected to a battery or an external power supply.

[0010] Furthermore, a pressure sensor is provided in each chamber, the pressure sensor is connected to the signal input end of the controller, and the output end of the controller is connected to an alarm.

[0011] Furthermore, part of the wall of the chamber is made of elastic material, and the rest of the wall is made of hard material. The pressure sensor is fixed on the hard material, and the position where the signal line of the pressure sensor passes through the hard material is filled with sealant.

[0012] Furthermore, the drain pipe is provided with a drain valve with an adjustable opening.

[0013] Furthermore, the brain shell, aqueduct and subarachnoid space are made of transparent materials.

[0014] Furthermore, the water stored in the water tank is fluorescent liquid.

[0015] Furthermore, each water conduit is provided with a flow meter.

[0016] A method for dynamically demonstrating a cerebrospinal fluid circulation pathway, using a teaching model for dynamically demonstrating a cerebrospinal fluid circulation pathway, is demonstrated under a UV light, comprising the following steps:

[0017] S1: Normal demonstration; including steps S11 to S13;

[0018] S11: Half-open all water inlet valves and drain valves and start the water pump;

[0019] S12: The water pump supplies water to the lateral ventricles, the third ventricle, and the fourth ventricle. The water entering the lateral ventricles from the water inlet pipe enters the third ventricle through the aqueduct between the lateral ventricles and the third ventricle and mixes with the water entering the third ventricle from the water inlet pipe. The water in the third ventricle enters the fourth ventricle through the aqueduct between the third and fourth ventricles and mixes with the water entering the fourth ventricle from the water inlet pipe. The water in the fourth ventricle enters the subarachnoid space through the aqueduct between the fourth ventricle and the subarachnoid space.

[0020] S13: The water entering the subarachnoid space flows back to the sink through the outlet, completing the demonstration of the normal production of cerebrospinal fluid in each chamber, the normal flow of cerebrospinal fluid between chambers, and the normal absorption of cerebrospinal fluid in the subarachnoid space;

[0021] S2: Pathological demonstration: Pathological demonstration is performed based on the normal demonstration in step S1, including obstructive lesion demonstration in step S21, hydrocephalus demonstration in step S22, and intracranial pressure change demonstration in step S23;

[0022] S21: obstructive lesion demonstration; including steps S211 to S21;

[0023] S211: A motor mounted on the aqueduct is activated, which releases the traction rope. The float follows the water flow to the variable diameter section, blocking the variable diameter section. Water in the upstream chamber of the aqueduct cannot flow into the downstream chamber, causing fluid accumulation in the upstream chamber. The chamber expands and squeezes the elastic filler material that serves as brain tissue, and the water pressure in the chamber increases, thereby simulating an obstructive lesion caused by a blood clot blocking the flow of cerebrospinal fluid between chambers.

[0024] S212: In step S211, the amount of the traction rope released by the motor is controlled to control the degree of blockage of the water pipe;

[0025] S22: Hydrocephalus demonstration; Increased cerebrospinal fluid production is simulated by increasing the opening of the inlet valve, or decreased cerebrospinal fluid absorption is simulated by decreasing the opening of the outlet valve; water accumulates in the cerebral and subarachnoid spaces, and the water pressure increases;

[0026] S23: Demonstration of intracranial pressure changes; including step S231 intracranial pressure increase and step S232 intracranial pressure decrease;

[0027] S231: Increased intracranial pressure; the steps are the same as steps S21 and S22;

[0028] S232: Decreased intracranial pressure; simulates decreased cerebrospinal fluid production by decreasing the opening of the inlet valve, or simulates increased cerebrospinal fluid absorption by increasing the opening of the drain valve.

[0029] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0030] The present invention simulates the circulation process of cerebrospinal fluid through liquid flow, which is intuitive and vivid, has strong interactivity with students, and can dynamically simulate the normal circulation process of cerebrospinal fluid and the pathophysiological changes after obstruction, thereby enhancing the teaching effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] The present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0032] Figure 1It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the flow of simulated cerebrospinal fluid in the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of components on the aqueduct between the lateral ventricle and the third ventricle;

[0035] Markings in the figure: 1-brain shell; 2-lateral ventricle; 3-third ventricle; 4-fourth ventricle; 5-aqueduct; 51-first aqueduct; 52-second aqueduct; 53-third aqueduct; 6-subarachnoid space; 7-elastic filler; 8-water tank; 9-water inlet pipe; 10-water pump; 11-water inlet valve; 12-drain pipe; 13-drain valve; 14-pressure sensor; 15-motor; 16-traction rope; 17-float; 18-flow meter; 19-hard material; 20-elastic material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] In the description of this specification, it should be noted that if the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. appear, the orientation or position relationship indicated is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, or is the orientation or position relationship in which the product of this specification is usually placed when used. It is only for the convenience of describing this specification and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be understood as a limitation on this specification.

[0037] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "horizontal" and "vertical" in this specification does not necessarily imply that a component must be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but rather that it can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply refers to a direction that is more horizontal than "vertical," and does not imply that the structure must be completely horizontal, but rather that it can be slightly tilted.

[0038] In the description of this specification, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise clearly stipulated and limited, the terms "setting", "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, the connection can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be a connection between the internal parts of two components.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] like Figure 1-Figure 3As shown, a teaching model for dynamically demonstrating the cerebrospinal fluid circulation pathway includes a brain shell 1 as a shell, wherein the brain shell 1 has cavities serving as the lateral ventricle 2, the third ventricle 3, the fourth ventricle 4, and the subarachnoid space 6, and the walls of the cavities are made of elastic material 20; aqueducts 5 are provided between the lateral ventricle 2 and the third ventricle 3, the third ventricle 3 and the fourth ventricle 4, and the fourth cavity and the subarachnoid space 6, and the aqueducts between the lateral ventricle 2 and the third ventricle 3, and between the third ventricle 3 and the fourth ventricle 4 simulate the interventricular foramen and the midbrain aqueduct, and the fourth ventricle 3 and the fourth ventricle 4 simulate the interventricular foramen and the midbrain aqueduct. The aqueduct between the chamber and the subarachnoid space 6 simulates the median and lateral foramina. The interior of each chamber is connected to a water tank 8 via a water inlet pipe 9. A water pump 10 is provided between the chamber and the water tank 8 and is installed in the passage of the water inlet pipe 9. The water tank 8 contains water simulating cerebrospinal fluid. The subarachnoid space 6 has multiple water outlets arranged along the contour of the subarachnoid space 6, and the water outlets are connected to the water tank 8 via a drain pipe 12. Elastic filler 7, which acts as brain tissue, is provided between all chambers and between the chamber and the subarachnoid space 6.

[0041] The outlet of each water pipe 5 is configured as a variable diameter section, and a float 17 is placed inside the water pipe 5. The geometric dimensions of the variable diameter section are smaller than the geometric dimensions of the inlet of the water pipe 5 and the geometric dimensions of the float 17. A motor 15 is provided outside each water pipe 5, and the output shaft of the motor 15 passes through the water pipe 5 and is connected to the float 17 via a traction rope 16. A sealing ring is provided at the position where the output shaft of the motor 15 passes through the water pipe 5.

[0042] In this embodiment, the brain shell 1 and the cavity inside the brain shell 1, the subarachnoid space 6 and the elastic filling material serving as brain tissue are all built in proportion to the size of the human brain.

[0043] In this embodiment, the teaching model can simulate and intuitively present the normal circulation process of cerebrospinal fluid and the pathophysiological changes that occur after obstruction, as described below. For ease of explanation, the aqueduct 5 between the lateral ventricle 2 and the third ventricle 3 is referred to as the first aqueduct 51, the aqueduct 5 between the third ventricle 3 and the fourth ventricle 4 is referred to as the second aqueduct 52, and the aqueduct 5 between the fourth ventricle 4 and the subarachnoid space 6 is referred to as the third aqueduct 53.

[0044] During the normal circulation process, the water pump 10 is started to extract water from the water tank 8. The water pump 10 provides water to the lateral ventricle 2, the third ventricle 3, and the fourth ventricle 4 to simulate the process of the lateral ventricle 2, the third ventricle 3, and the fourth ventricle 4 secreting cerebrospinal fluid. The water in the lateral ventricle 2 enters the third ventricle 3 through the first aqueduct 51, mixes with the water entering the third ventricle 3, and then enters the fourth ventricle 4 through the second aqueduct 52. After mixing with the water entering the fourth ventricle 4, it enters the subarachnoid space 6 through the third aqueduct 53 to simulate the flow path of the cerebrospinal fluid; the water entering the subarachnoid space 6 flows back to the water tank 8 through the water outlet to simulate the process of cerebrospinal fluid being absorbed in the subarachnoid space 6, thereby completing the simulation of the normal circulation of cerebrospinal fluid.

[0045] The pathophysiological change process focuses on the pathophysiological changes after the cerebrospinal fluid is blocked, that is, if the brain is damaged and bleeding occurs in the lateral ventricle 2 or / and the third ventricle 3 or / and the fourth ventricle 4 to produce blood clots, the blood clots block the flow of cerebrospinal fluid and cause physiological changes. The float 17 is used to simulate the blood clot, and the motor 15 is started. The motor 15 releases the traction rope 16, and the float 17 in the aqueduct 5 moves with the corresponding liquid in the aqueduct 5 until it moves to the variable diameter section. Since the size of the variable diameter section is smaller than the size of the float 17, the float 17 will eventually block the variable diameter section, thereby blocking the flow of liquid in the aqueduct 5. As the liquid in the cavity continues to enter, the cerebrospinal fluid is simulated. The flow of fluid is obstructed, and the lateral ventricle 2 and / or the third ventricle 3 and / or the fourth ventricle 4 continuously secrete cerebrospinal fluid, causing physiological changes. Taking the obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid circulation between the lateral ventricle 2 and the third ventricle 3 as an example, the float 17 in the first aqueduct 51 blocks the flow of water from the lateral ventricle 2 into the third ventricle 3 for simulation. As the water pump 10 continuously supplies water to the lateral ventricle 2, the amount of water in the lateral ventricle 2 increases, the pressure increases, and the part of the wall of the lateral ventricle 2 composed of the elastic material 20 is squeezed, the lateral ventricle 2 expands, and then squeezes the elastic filler 7 as brain tissue. The physiological changes are intuitively presented through the deformation of the lateral ventricle 2 and the elastic filler 7, thereby increasing the teaching effect.

[0046] It should be noted that if the first aqueduct 51 is blocked, the lateral ventricle 2 will expand and squeeze the elastic filling material 7, but since the second aqueduct 52 and the third aqueduct 53 can circulate normally, the third ventricle 3 and the fourth ventricle 4 will not expand and are in a normal physiological process; if the second aqueduct 52 is blocked, the lateral ventricle 2 and the third ventricle 3 will both expand, and the third aqueduct 53 can circulate normally, and the fourth ventricle 4 will not expand and are in a normal physiological process; if the third aqueduct 53 is blocked, the lateral ventricle 2, the third ventricle 3, and the fourth ventricle 4 will all expand, realizing the simulation of whole-ventricle expansion.

[0047] In this embodiment, the variable diameter section is a variable diameter section, and the amount by which the motor 15 releases the traction rope 16 is controlled to control the degree of blockage of the water conduit 5 .

[0048] In this embodiment, both the elastic material 20 and the filling material can be silicone.

[0049] In this embodiment, not only can the physiological changes caused by obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid circulation be simulated, but the problem of obstruction of the aqueduct 5 can also be solved by retracting the traction rope 16 through the motor 15, thereby realizing the fundamental principle of simulating the treatment of cerebrospinal fluid obstruction and preparing for the next demonstration.

[0050] Furthermore, a sheave is provided on the output shaft of the motor 15 , and the traction rope 16 is wound around the sheave.

[0051] Furthermore, the water in the water tank 8 can be deionized water or glycerol solution added with fluorescent dye, which can display the flow of liquid under ultraviolet light and present the flow process of cerebrospinal fluid more intuitively.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] Based on Example 1, a specific implementation method that can be implemented is further proposed.

[0054] Regarding the arrangement of the water pump 10 , the following two implementation modes are proposed in this embodiment.

[0055] In a first embodiment, a water pump 10 is provided on each water inlet pipe 9 ; an outlet of the water pump 10 is provided with a water inlet valve 11 with an adjustable opening.

[0056] In the second embodiment, each water inlet pipe 9 is connected to the water tank 8 through the same main water pipe, a water pump 10 is arranged on the main water pipe, and each water inlet pipe 9 is provided with a water inlet valve 11 with an adjustable opening.

[0057] Both of the above-mentioned two embodiments can realize the flow rate of water entering the corresponding chamber through the opening of the water inlet valve 11, thereby simulating the conditions of small, normal and large secretion of cerebrospinal fluid; it is just that there are differences in the selection of the water pump 10 in the two embodiments. For example, in the first embodiment, the water pump 10 can adopt a low-noise WeChat water pump 10 with a flow rate of 0.5-5ml / min and a pressure range of 0-20mmHg, which can simulate normal cerebrospinal fluid pressure and abnormal cerebrospinal fluid pressure.

[0058] In one feasible embodiment, the water pump 10, water inlet valve 11, and motor 15 are all connected to a controller, the energy input of which is connected to a battery or an external power source. Specifically, the water inlet valve 11 can be a solenoid valve, such as an adjustable proportional valve; the motor 15 can be a servo motor; and the water pump 10 can be an electrically controlled variable displacement pump or a fixed displacement pump. Control by the controller increases the intelligence of the model; the battery or external power source provides power to the water pump 10, water inlet valve 11, motor 15, and electrical devices mentioned later (such as the drain valve 13) through the controller.

[0059] It should be noted that, of course, it is also possible to not set up a controller and implement manual operation to improve the interactivity between students and the teaching model.

[0060] A feasible implementation method is that a pressure sensor 14 is provided in each chamber, and the pressure sensor 14 is connected to the signal input end of the controller, and the output end of the controller is connected to an alarm. The water pressure in the corresponding chamber is obtained through the pressure sensor 14. On the one hand, the water pressure is used as a pressure simulation of the cerebrospinal fluid, and the pressure threshold set in the controller is used to judge whether the pressure can recover by itself, that is, if the pressure is within the threshold range, the alarm will not sound, indicating that it can recover to normal pressure by itself through physiological activities; if the pressure exceeds the threshold range, the alarm will sound, which can enhance students' memory of the cerebrospinal fluid pressure threshold; on the other hand, by obtaining the water pressure in the chamber, the rupture of the chamber can be effectively avoided.

[0061] Furthermore, part of the wall of the chamber is made of elastic material 20, and the rest of the wall is made of hard material 19. The pressure sensor 14 is fixed on the hard material 19, and the position where the signal line of the pressure sensor 14 passes through the hard material 19 is filled with sealant. This can not only ensure that the chamber can produce elastic deformation, but also ensure that the chamber has a position for installing the pressure sensor 14. At the same time, it provides a basis for applying sealant to ensure that the signal line will not destroy the sealing of the chamber after passing through the chamber.

[0062] In a feasible implementation manner, a drain valve 13 with an adjustable opening is provided on the drain pipe 12. The drainage flow rate is adjusted by adjusting the opening of the drain valve 13 to simulate three different situations of slow, normal and fast cerebrospinal fluid absorption.

[0063] In a feasible implementation manner, the brain shell 1, the aqueduct 5 and the subarachnoid space 6 are made of transparent materials. The transparent material can be made of polycarbonate or organic glass, which is corrosion-resistant and highly transparent to facilitate students' observation.

[0064] In a feasible implementation manner, a flow meter 18 is provided on each aqueduct 5. The flow meter 18 counts the flow of the aqueduct 5 and combines it with the flow obtained by the flow meters 18 on other aqueducts 5 to intuitively present the liquid mixing. For example, the flow meter 18 on the second aqueduct 52 obtains the sum of the flow of water entering the lateral ventricle 2 and the flow of water entering the third ventricle 3, while the flow meter 18 on the first aqueduct 51 obtains only the flow of water entering the lateral ventricle 2. Therefore, the difference between the two can reflect the presence of liquid mixing in the third ventricle 3, that is, the mixing of cerebrospinal fluid, and further reflect the secretion of cerebrospinal fluid in the lateral ventricle 2, the third ventricle 3 and the fourth ventricle 4.

[0065] Furthermore, the flow meter 18 is connected to the controller, and the controller can also be connected to a display screen to intuitively display the flow data and pressure data obtained by the flow meter 18.

[0066] In summary, the controller can be a PLC, a microprocessor, etc.

[0067] Example 3

[0068] A method for dynamically demonstrating a cerebrospinal fluid circulation pathway, using a teaching model for dynamically demonstrating a cerebrospinal fluid circulation pathway as described in any one of Examples 1-2, is demonstrated under ultraviolet light, comprising the following steps:

[0069] S1: Normal demonstration; including steps S11 to S13;

[0070] S11: Half-open all water inlet valves 11 and drain valves 13, and start the water pump 10;

[0071] S12: The water pump 10 supplies water to the lateral ventricle 2, the third ventricle 3, and the fourth ventricle 4. The water entering the lateral ventricle 2 from the water inlet pipe 9 enters the third ventricle 3 through the aqueduct 5 between the lateral ventricle 2 and the third ventricle 3 and mixes with the water entering the third ventricle 3 from the water inlet pipe 9. The water in the third ventricle 3 enters the fourth ventricle 4 through the aqueduct 5 between the third ventricle 3 and the fourth ventricle 4 and mixes with the water entering the fourth ventricle 4 from the water inlet pipe 9. The water in the fourth ventricle 4 enters the subarachnoid space 6 through the aqueduct 5 between the fourth ventricle 4 and the subarachnoid space 6.

[0072] S13: The water entering the subarachnoid space 6 flows back to the water tank 8 through the water outlet, completing the demonstration of the normal production of cerebrospinal fluid in each chamber, the normal flow of cerebrospinal fluid between the chambers, and the normal absorption of cerebrospinal fluid in the subarachnoid space 6;

[0073] S2: Pathological demonstration: Pathological demonstration is performed based on the normal demonstration in step S1, including obstructive lesion demonstration in step S21, hydrocephalus demonstration in step S22, and intracranial pressure change demonstration in step S23;

[0074] S21: obstructive lesion demonstration; including steps S211 to S21;

[0075] S211: A motor 15 mounted on the aqueduct 5 is started. The motor 15 releases the traction rope 16, causing the float 17 to follow the water flow to the variable diameter section and block the variable diameter section. The water in the upstream chamber of the aqueduct 5 cannot flow into the downstream chamber, causing fluid accumulation in the upstream chamber. The chamber expands and squeezes the elastic filler 7 serving as brain tissue, and the water pressure in the chamber increases, thereby simulating an obstructive lesion caused by a blood clot blocking the flow of cerebrospinal fluid between the chambers.

[0076] S212: In step S211, the motor 15 is controlled to release the pulling rope 16 to control the degree of blockage of the water pipe 5;

[0077] S22: Hydrocephalus demonstration; by increasing the opening of the water inlet valve 11 to simulate an increase in cerebrospinal fluid production, or by reducing the opening of the drain valve 13 to simulate a decrease in cerebrospinal fluid absorption; water accumulates in the chamber and subarachnoid space 6, and the water pressure increases;

[0078] S23: Demonstration of intracranial pressure changes; including step S231 intracranial pressure increase and step S232 intracranial pressure decrease;

[0079] S231: Increased intracranial pressure; the steps are the same as steps S21 and S22;

[0080] S232: Decrease in intracranial pressure; reduce the opening of the water inlet valve 11 to simulate a decrease in cerebrospinal fluid production, or increase the opening of the water outlet valve 13 to simulate an increase in cerebrospinal fluid absorption.

[0081] The present invention is not limited to the aforementioned specific embodiments, but extends to any new features or any new combination disclosed in this specification, as well as any new method or process steps or any new combination disclosed.

Claims

1. A teaching model for dynamically demonstrating the cerebrospinal fluid circulation pathway, characterized by: The invention comprises a brain shell (1), wherein the brain shell (1) has cavities serving as the lateral ventricle (2), the third ventricle (3), the fourth ventricle (4) and the subarachnoid space (6), wherein the walls of the cavities have portions made of elastic material (20); aqueducts (5) are provided between the lateral ventricle (2) and the third ventricle (3), between the third ventricle (3) and the fourth ventricle (4), and between the fourth cavity and the subarachnoid space (6), and the interior of each cavity is connected to a water tank via a water inlet pipe (9). (8) is connected, and a water pump (10) is provided between the chamber and the water tank (8), the water pump (10) is installed on the passage of the water inlet pipe (9), and water simulating cerebrospinal fluid is stored in the water tank (8); a plurality of water outlets arranged along the contour line of the subarachnoid space (6) are provided on the subarachnoid space (6), and the water outlets are connected to the water tank (8) through a drain pipe (12); elastic filling material (7) serving as brain tissue is provided between all the chambers and between the chambers and the subarachnoid space (6); The outlet of each water conduit (5) is configured as a variable diameter section, and a float (17) is placed in the water conduit (5), and the geometric dimensions of the variable diameter section are smaller than the geometric dimensions of the inlet of the water conduit (5) and the geometric dimensions of the float (17); a motor (15) is provided outside each water conduit (5), and the output shaft of the motor (15) passes through the water conduit (5) and is connected to the float (17) via a traction rope (16), and a sealing ring is provided at the position where the output shaft of the motor (15) passes through the water conduit (5).

2. The teaching model according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water pump (10) is provided on each water inlet pipe (9); and an outlet of the water pump (10) is provided with a water inlet valve (11) capable of adjusting the opening degree.

3. The teaching model according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each water inlet pipe (9) is connected to the water tank (8) through the same main water pipe. The water pump (10) is arranged on the main water pipe, and each water inlet pipe (9) is provided with a water inlet valve (11) capable of adjusting the opening.

4. The teaching model according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The water pump (10), the water inlet valve (11), and the motor (15) are all connected to a controller, and the energy input end of the controller is connected to a battery or an external power supply.

5. The teaching model according to claim 4, characterized in that: A pressure sensor (14) is provided in each chamber, the pressure sensor (14) is connected to a signal input end of the controller, and an output end of the controller is connected to an alarm.

6. The teaching model according to claim 4, characterized in that: Part of the wall of the chamber is made of elastic material (20), and the remaining part of the wall is made of hard material (19). The pressure sensor (14) is fixed on the hard material (19), and the position where the signal line of the pressure sensor (14) passes through the hard material (19) is filled with sealant.

7. The teaching model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drain pipe (12) is provided with a drain valve (13) whose opening can be adjusted.

8. The teaching model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The brain shell (1), the aqueduct (5) and the subarachnoid space (6) are made of transparent materials.

9. The teaching model according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each water conduit (5) is provided with a flow meter (18).

10. A method for dynamically demonstrating a cerebrospinal fluid circulation pathway, using a teaching model for dynamically demonstrating a cerebrospinal fluid circulation pathway according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: normal presentation; The method comprises steps S11 to S13; S11: Half-open all water inlet valves (11) and drain valves (13), and start the water pump (10); S12: The water pump (10) supplies water to the lateral ventricle (2), the third ventricle (3) and the fourth ventricle (4). The water entering the lateral ventricle (2) from the water inlet pipe (9) enters the third ventricle (3) through the aqueduct (5) between the lateral ventricle (2) and the third ventricle (3) and is mixed with the water entering the third ventricle (3) from the water inlet pipe (9). The water in the third ventricle (3) enters the fourth ventricle (4) through the aqueduct (5) between the third ventricle (3) and the fourth ventricle (4) and is mixed with the water entering the fourth ventricle (4) from the water inlet pipe (9). The water in the fourth ventricle (4) enters the subarachnoid space (6) through the aqueduct (5) between the fourth ventricle (4) and the subarachnoid space (6). S13: The water entering the subarachnoid space (6) flows back to the water tank (8) through the water outlet, completing the demonstration of the normal production of cerebrospinal fluid in each chamber, the normal flow of cerebrospinal fluid between chambers, and the normal absorption of cerebrospinal fluid in the subarachnoid space (6); S2: Pathological demonstration: Pathological demonstration is performed based on the normal demonstration in step S1, including obstructive lesion demonstration in step S21, hydrocephalus demonstration in step S22, and intracranial pressure change demonstration in step S23; S21: obstructive lesion demonstration; including steps S211 to S212; S211: Start a motor (15) mounted on the water pipe (5), the motor (15) releases the traction rope (16), the float (17) follows the water flow to the variable diameter section, and blocks the variable diameter section, so that the water in the chamber upstream of the water pipe (5) cannot flow into the chamber downstream, and the chamber upstream accumulates fluid, causing the chamber to expand and squeeze the elastic filler (7) serving as brain tissue, and the water pressure in the chamber increases; thus, the obstructive lesion caused by the blockage of cerebrospinal fluid circulation between the chambers by a blood clot is simulated; S212: In step S211, the amount of the traction rope (16) released by the motor (15) is controlled to control the degree of blockage of the water pipe (5); S22: Hydrocephalus demonstration; Increased cerebrospinal fluid production is simulated by increasing the opening of the inlet valve (11), or decreased cerebrospinal fluid absorption is simulated by decreasing the opening of the outlet valve (13); water accumulates in the cerebral and subarachnoid spaces (6), and the water pressure increases; S23: Demonstration of intracranial pressure changes; including step S231 intracranial pressure increase and step S232 intracranial pressure decrease; S231: Increased intracranial pressure; the steps are the same as steps S21 and S22; S232: Decreased intracranial pressure; simulate a decrease in cerebrospinal fluid production by reducing the opening of the inlet valve (11), or simulate an increase in cerebrospinal fluid absorption by increasing the opening of the drain valve (13).

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