A battery manager for electric vehicles with charge and discharge protection functions

Abstract

A battery manager for electric vehicles with charge and discharge protection functions shunts the battery discharge circuit to form a first discharge branch and a second discharge branch. The first discharge branch is mainly equipped with a high-current controller, while the second discharge branch is equipped with a low-current converter, instrument, alarm, etc. The voltage on both branches is accurately detected, and the amount of charge consumed by discharge can be accurately calculated through integral conversion. The voltage on the battery charging circuit is accurately detected, and the amount of charge received by the battery can be accurately calculated through integral conversion. The accurate calculation of the charging and discharging charge can ensure the accuracy of the electric vehicle's cruising range. According to actual measurements, the error of the charge amount of a lead-acid battery with a dual-path shunt function can be controlled within 5% to 10%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a battery manager for electric vehicles with charge and discharge protection functions. Background Art

[0002] At present, the batteries used in electric two-wheeled vehicles are mostly lead-acid batteries, which have inaccurate power calculations. Usually, the battery power is reflected only by collecting the battery voltage. In addition, during the charging and discharging process, when the current is abnormal, such as an internal circuit short circuit, it may cause corresponding safety accidents. Battery management involves the safety of the entire vehicle, and existing battery managers basically do not have charging and discharging protection functions. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a battery manager for electric vehicles with charge and discharge protection functions.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a battery manager for electric vehicles with charge and discharge protection functions, comprising:

[0005] A step-down circuit having a VDD input terminal electrically connected to a battery and a 5V output terminal for powering the MCU processor, operational amplifier U2, and operational amplifier U5 after voltage reduction; the MCU processor is capable of receiving at least signal inputs IO-2, IO-4, and IO-6 and executing signal outputs KZ-OUT and KZ-IN;

[0006] a battery discharge circuit, wherein the battery discharge circuit forms a first discharge branch and a second discharge branch after current is split, and the operating current value of the first discharge branch is larger than that of the second discharge branch;

[0007] a first current acquisition unit and a second current acquisition unit, wherein the first current acquisition unit is provided on the first discharge branch and transmits the collected voltage to the operational amplifier U2, and the operational amplifier U2 performs a signal output I0-1 according to the voltage of the first current acquisition unit; the second current acquisition unit is provided on the second discharge branch and transmits the collected voltage to the operational amplifier U2, and the operational amplifier U2 performs a signal output I0-5 according to the voltage of the second current acquisition unit;

[0008] A battery charging circuit and a third current acquisition unit, wherein the third current acquisition unit is provided on the battery charging circuit and transmits the acquired voltage to the operational amplifier U5, and the operational amplifier U5 performs a signal output I0-3 according to the voltage of the third current acquisition unit;

[0009] a discharge signal conversion unit and a discharge protection unit, wherein the discharge signal conversion unit is used to receive the signal output I0-1 and the signal output I0-5 and execute the signal output IOUT; the discharge protection unit is arranged on the first discharge branch, and receives the signal output IOUT and the signal output KZ-OUT in real time. The discharge protection unit implements loop conduction control of the battery discharge circuit through MOSFETs Q2 and Q3;

[0010] a charging protection unit, the charging protection unit being arranged on the battery charging circuit, receiving the signal output I0-3 and the signal output KZ-IN in real time, and implementing loop conduction control of the battery charging circuit through the MOSFET Q9;

[0011] A power-on detection circuit and a voltage proportional adjustment circuit, wherein the power-on detection circuit establishes a power-on detection electrical connection with the MCU processor through the signal output V, and the voltage proportional adjustment circuit converts the signal output I0-1, the signal output I0-3, and the signal output I0-5 into the signal input IO-2, the signal input IO-4, and the signal input IO-6 in sequence, thereby establishing an electrical connection with the MCU processor.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes an anti-reverse connection circuit arranged on the battery charging circuit, and the anti-reverse connection circuit is provided with a MOS tube Q8, a resistor R35, a resistor R40, and a voltage regulator diode ZD6. The positive electrode E5+1 and the negative electrode E5-1 of the anti-reverse connection circuit are used to form an electrical connection with the charging input device.

[0013] Furthermore, the battery manager is also provided with a thermistor RX1 for temperature monitoring. The thermistor RX1 forms a series circuit via a series resistor RY1, and the series circuit establishes an electrical connection with the MCU processor via a signal output TX1.

[0014] Furthermore, the buck circuit includes a buck chip U1 and capacitors C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, a diode D1, an inductor L1, resistors RL1, RL2, and RL3 electrically connected to the buck chip U1.

[0015] Furthermore, the first current acquisition unit includes electrically connected resistors RS1, RS2, RS3, R2, R6, R8, R10 and capacitor C1; the second current acquisition unit includes electrically connected resistors RS4, RS5, RS6, R3, R4, R7, R11 and capacitor C2; the third current acquisition unit includes electrically connected resistors RS7, RS8, RS9, R42, R43, R44, R45 and capacitor C10.

[0016] Furthermore, the discharge signal conversion unit is powered by the 5V output end of the step-down circuit, and the discharge signal conversion unit also includes an electrically connected photoelectric coupler U4, a resistor R19, a resistor R21, a resistor R22, a resistor R23, a voltage regulator ZD3, and a transistor Q4.

[0017] Furthermore, the discharge protection unit also includes a transistor Q1, a resistor R13, a resistor R14, a resistor R15, a resistor R16, a resistor R17, a resistor R18, a resistor R20, a voltage regulator ZD1, a voltage regulator ZD2, a capacitor C8, and a capacitor C9 that are electrically connected.

[0018] Furthermore, the charging protection unit also includes electrically connected transistors Q5, Q6, Q7, resistors R24, R25, R26, R27, R28, R34, a Zener diode ZD4, and a Zener diode ZD5.

[0019] Furthermore, the power-on detection circuit includes a resistor R29 and a resistor R36 connected in series. When the ignition switch is locked, the MCU processor receives the signal output V of the power-on detection circuit and executes the signal output KZ-OUT and the signal output KZ-IN.

[0020] Furthermore, the voltage proportional adjustment circuit has three paths, including a first path in which a resistor R30 and a resistor R37 are connected in series to convert the signal output I0-1 into the signal input IO-2, a second path in which a resistor R31 and a resistor R38 are connected in series to convert the signal output I0-3 into the signal input IO-4, and a third path in which a resistor R32 and a resistor R39 are connected in series to convert the signal output I0-5 into the signal input IO-6.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention compared to the prior art are:

[0022] 1. After the battery discharge circuit is shunted, a first discharge branch and a second discharge branch are formed. The first discharge branch is mainly equipped with a large current controller, and the second discharge branch is equipped with a small current converter, instrument, alarm, etc. The voltages on the two branches are accurately detected, and the amount of charge consumed by discharge can be accurately obtained through integral conversion; by accurately detecting the voltage on the battery charging circuit, the amount of charge received by the battery can be accurately obtained through integral conversion; by accurately calculating the amount of charge during charging and discharging, the accuracy of the electric vehicle's cruising range can be ensured. According to actual measurements, the lead-acid battery with dual-path shunt function can control the error of the charge amount to be between 5% and 10%.

[0023] 2. Both the charging and discharging processes have overcurrent protection functions, and the overcurrent protection points set on the first discharge branch and the second discharge branch are different. Compared with the single discharge circuit, which cannot determine the overcurrent status of the secondary circuit (small current), its protection is stronger and the protection range is wider. It has anti-reverse polarity function during charging;

[0024] 3. It has power-on detection function, multi-point temperature monitoring function, and self-detection function of MOS tube Q2 and MOS tube Q3. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 is a connection diagram of the step-down circuit involved;

[0026] Figure 2 The following is a connection diagram of the MCU processor involved;

[0027] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the connection of the first current acquisition unit on the first discharge branch and a schematic diagram showing the connection of the discharge protection unit on the battery discharge circuit are shown;

[0028] Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of the connection of the second current acquisition unit on the second discharge branch;

[0029] Figure 5 FIG. 1 is a connection diagram of the operational amplifier U2 involved;

[0030] Figure 6 is a connection diagram of the discharge signal conversion unit involved;

[0031] Figure 7 A schematic diagram showing the connection of the third current acquisition unit to the battery charging circuit is shown, as well as a schematic diagram showing the connection of the anti-reverse connection circuit and a schematic diagram showing the connection of the charging protection unit to the battery charging circuit;

[0032] Figure 8 FIG. 1 is a connection diagram of the operational amplifier U5 involved;

[0033] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the power-on detection circuit involved;

[0034] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the voltage proportional regulation circuit involved;

[0035] Figure 11 FIG. 4 is a connection diagram between the thermistor RX1 and the MCU processor. ... DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a battery manager for electric vehicles with charge and discharge protection functions, including a step-down circuit having a VDD input terminal electrically connected to the battery and a 5V output terminal for powering the MCU processor, operational amplifier U2, and operational amplifier U5 after voltage reduction; the step-down circuit includes a step-down chip U1 and capacitors C3, C4, C5, C6, and C7, a diode D1, an inductor L1, and resistors RL1, RL2, and RL3 electrically connected to the step-down chip U1.

[0037] like Figure 2 As shown, the MCU processor can receive signal input IO-2, signal input IO-4, signal input IO-6 and execute signal output KZ-OUT, signal output KZ-IN.

[0038] After shunting, the battery discharge circuit forms a first discharge branch and a second discharge branch. The operating current value of the first discharge branch is larger than that of the second discharge branch. The first discharge branch is mainly equipped with a large current controller, and the second discharge branch is equipped with a small current converter, instrument, alarm, etc.

[0039] like Figure 3 、 Figure 5 As shown, the first current acquisition unit is arranged on the first discharge branch and transmits the collected voltage to the operational amplifier U2. The operational amplifier U2 performs a signal output I0-1 according to the voltage of the first current acquisition unit; the first current acquisition unit includes an electrically connected resistor RS1, a resistor RS2, a resistor RS3, a resistor R2, a resistor R6, a resistor R8, a resistor R10 and a capacitor C1.

[0040] like Figure 4 、 Figure 5 As shown, the second current acquisition unit is arranged on the second discharge branch and transmits the collected voltage to the operational amplifier U2. The operational amplifier U2 performs signal output I0-5 according to the voltage of the second current acquisition unit; the second current acquisition unit includes electrically connected resistors RS4, RS5, RS6, R3, R4, R7, R11 and capacitor C2.

[0041] like Figure 7 、 Figure 8 As shown, the third current acquisition unit is provided on the battery charging circuit and transmits the collected voltage to the operational amplifier U5. The operational amplifier U5 performs a signal output I0-3 according to the voltage of the third current acquisition unit. The third current acquisition unit includes electrically connected resistors RS7, RS8, RS9, R42, R43, R44, R45 and capacitor C10.

[0042] like Figure 6 As shown, the discharge signal conversion unit is used to receive the signal output I0-1 and the signal output I0-5 and execute the signal output IOUT through the action of the photoelectric coupler U4; the discharge signal conversion unit is powered by the 5V output end of the step-down circuit, and the discharge signal conversion unit also includes an electrically connected resistor R19, a resistor R21, a resistor R22, a resistor R23, a voltage regulator diode ZD3, and a transistor Q4.

[0043] like Figure 3 As shown, the discharge protection unit is provided in the battery discharge circuit. The discharge protection unit receives the signal output IOUT and the signal output KZ-OUT in real time. The discharge protection unit implements loop conduction control of the battery discharge circuit through the transistor Q1, the MOSFET Q2, and the MOSFET Q3. The discharge protection unit also includes electrically connected resistors R13, R14, R15, R16, R17, R18, R20, the Zener diode ZD1, the Zener diode ZD2, the capacitor C8, and the capacitor C9.

[0044] like Figure 7 As shown, the charging protection unit is arranged on the battery charging circuit. The charging protection unit receives the signal output I0-3 and the signal output KZ-IN in real time. The charging protection unit realizes the loop conduction control of the battery charging circuit through transistors Q5, Q6, Q7 and MOSFET Q9. The charging protection unit also includes electrically connected resistors R24, R25, R26, R27, R28, R34, Zener diode ZD4 and ZD5.

[0045] like Figure 9 As shown, the power-on detection circuit establishes a power-on detection electrical connection with the MCU processor through the signal output V. The power-on detection circuit includes a resistor R29 and a resistor R36 connected in series. When the ignition switch is locked, the MCU processor receives the signal output V of the power-on detection circuit and executes the signal output KZ-OUT and the signal output KZ-IN.

[0046] like Figure 10As shown, the voltage proportional regulation circuit converts the signal output I0-1, signal output I0-3, and signal output I0-5 into signal input IO-2, signal input IO-4, and signal input IO-6 in sequence, thereby establishing an electrical connection with the MCU processor; the voltage proportional regulation circuit has three paths, and the voltage proportional regulation circuit includes a first path composed of a resistor R30 and a resistor R37 connected in series to convert the signal output I0-1 into the signal input IO-2, a second path composed of a resistor R31 and a resistor R38 connected in series to convert the signal output I0-3 into the signal input IO-4, and a third path composed of a resistor R32 and a resistor R39 connected in series to convert the signal output I0-5 into the signal input IO-6.

[0047] like Figure 7 As shown, the battery manager also includes an anti-reverse polarity circuit provided on the battery charging circuit. The anti-reverse polarity circuit is provided with a MOSFET Q8, a resistor R35, a resistor R40, and a Zener diode ZD6. The positive electrode E5+1 and the negative electrode E5-1 of the anti-reverse polarity circuit are used to form an electrical connection with the charging input device.

[0048] like Figure 11 As shown, the battery manager is also provided with a thermistor RX1 for temperature monitoring. The thermistor RX1 forms a series circuit via a series resistor RY1. The series circuit establishes an electrical connection with the MCU processor via a signal output TX1.

[0049] After the battery discharge circuit is shunted, a first discharge branch and a second discharge branch are formed. A large current controller is mainly set on the first discharge branch, and a small current converter, meter, alarm, etc. are set on the second discharge branch. The voltages on the two branches are accurately detected, and the amount of charge consumed by discharge can be accurately obtained through integral conversion; by accurately detecting the voltage on the battery charging circuit, the amount of charge received by the battery charging can be accurately obtained through integral conversion; by accurately calculating the amount of charge charged and discharged, the accuracy of the electric vehicle's cruising range can be ensured. According to actual measurements, the lead-acid battery with a dual-path shunt function can control the error of the charge amount to be between 5% and 10%; the charging and discharging processes have overcurrent protection functions, and the charging has an anti-reverse connection function; it has a power-on detection function, a multi-point temperature monitoring function, and a self-detection function of the MOS tube Q2 and the MOS tube Q3.

[0050] In order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, the following description will be given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings when it is used in practice.

[0051] Overcurrent protection function during the discharge process: During normal discharge, the signal output KZ-OUT of the MCU processor is at a low level, the transistor Q1 is turned on, and the MOSFET Q2 and MOSFET Q3 are driven to turn on, thereby turning on the loop of the battery discharge circuit; if the voltage of the first current acquisition unit is amplified by the operational amplifier U2 and executes the signal output I0-1, or the voltage of the second current acquisition unit is amplified by the operational amplifier U2 and executes the signal output I0-5, regardless of whether an overcurrent occurs on the first discharge branch or the second discharge branch, the discharge signal conversion unit receives the signal output I0-1 and the signal output I0-5 and executes the signal output IOUT through the action of the photoelectric coupler U4. The signal output IOUT is at a high level, thereby turning off the transistor Q1, and further turning off the MOSFET Q2 and MOSFET Q3, thereby realizing the overcurrent protection function of the discharge process. This process has the characteristics of rapid response.

[0052] Overcurrent protection function during the charging process: When charging normally, the signal output KZ-IN of the MCU processor is high, the base of the transistor Q7 is high, the transistor Q7 is turned on, the gate of the MOSFET Q9 is low, and the MOSFET Q9 is in the on state. At this time, the signal output I0-3 is less than the limiting voltage of the Zener diode ZD4, the transistor Q5 is in the cut-off state (not conducting), and the transistor Q6 is also in the cut-off state (not conducting); when a short circuit occurs in the charging circuit, the signal output I0-3 will be greater than the limiting voltage of the Zener diode ZD4, the transistor Q5 will turn into the on state, the transistor Q6 will also turn into the on state, the base of the transistor Q7 will become low, the transistor Q7 will no longer be turned on, the gate of the MOSFET Q9 will become high, and the MOSFET Q9 will be turned off, realizing the overcurrent protection function of the charging process. This process has the characteristics of rapid response.

[0053] Charging anti-reverse connection function: When connected in the forward direction, the gate of the MOSFET Q8 is at a high level, at which time the MOSFET Q8 is turned on and charging can be achieved normally; when connected in the reverse direction, the gate of the MOSFET Q8 is at a low level, at which time the MOSFET Q8 cuts off the battery charging circuit and charging cannot be achieved.

[0054] Ignition short-circuit protection function: During ignition, if the current of the second discharge branch is greater than 2A and lasts for more than 0.5S, or the current of the battery discharge circuit is greater than 5A, the circuit output of the battery discharge circuit will be automatically cut off.

[0055] Self-detection function of MOSFET Q2 and MOSFET Q3: When the ignition switch lock signal is detected, the MCU processor performs a high-low level switch on the signal output KZ-OUT according to the built-in program. At the same time, the MCU processor determines whether the signal input IO-4 and the signal input IO-6 have changed. If the signal input IO-4 and the signal input IO-6 have changed, it means that the functions of MOSFET Q2 and MOSFET Q3 are normal. Otherwise, it means that the functions of MOSFET Q2 and MOSFET Q3 are abnormal and the power supply cannot be effectively cut off, and maintenance is required.

[0056] In addition, the MCU processor can control the level of the signal output KZ-OUT and the signal output KZ-IN according to the built-in program to realize the cut-off control of the battery discharge circuit and the battery charging circuit. The control method realized by the built-in program is not as responsive as the direct control method through hardware, but it can be used in combination with other electronic components such as the thermistor RX1 involved in this case. In addition, Figure 11 RX2 and RX3 in the figure also represent thermistors. When the temperature at the temperature monitoring position is abnormal, the MCU processor can control the cutting off of the charge and discharge circuits.

[0057] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery manager for electric vehicles with charge and discharge protection functions, characterized by: include A step-down circuit having a VDD input terminal electrically connected to a battery and a 5V output terminal for powering the MCU processor, operational amplifier U2, and operational amplifier U5 after voltage reduction; the MCU processor is capable of receiving at least signal inputs IO-2, IO-4, and IO-6 and executing signal outputs KZ-OUT and KZ-IN; a battery discharge circuit, wherein the battery discharge circuit forms a first discharge branch and a second discharge branch after current is split, and the operating current value of the first discharge branch is larger than that of the second discharge branch; a first current acquisition unit and a second current acquisition unit, wherein the first current acquisition unit is provided on the first discharge branch and transmits the collected voltage to the operational amplifier U2, and the operational amplifier U2 performs a signal output I0-1 according to the voltage of the first current acquisition unit; the second current acquisition unit is provided on the second discharge branch and transmits the collected voltage to the operational amplifier U2, and the operational amplifier U2 performs a signal output I0-5 according to the voltage of the second current acquisition unit; A battery charging circuit and a third current acquisition unit, wherein the third current acquisition unit is provided on the battery charging circuit and transmits the acquired voltage to the operational amplifier U5, and the operational amplifier U5 performs a signal output I0-3 according to the voltage of the third current acquisition unit; A discharge signal conversion unit and a discharge protection unit. The discharge signal conversion unit is used to receive the signal output I0-1 and the signal output I0-5 and execute the signal output IOUT, causing an overcurrent condition to occur in the first discharge branch or the second discharge branch. The discharge signal conversion unit receives the signal output I0-1 and the signal output I0-5 and executes the signal output IOUT. The discharge protection unit is provided in the battery discharge circuit. The discharge protection unit receives the signal output IOUT and the signal output KZ-OUT in real time. The discharge protection unit implements loop conduction control of the battery discharge circuit through MOSFETs Q2 and Q3. a charging protection unit, the charging protection unit being arranged on the battery charging circuit, receiving the signal output I0-3 and the signal output KZ-IN in real time, and implementing loop conduction control of the battery charging circuit through the MOSFET Q9; A power-on detection circuit and a voltage proportional adjustment circuit, wherein the power-on detection circuit establishes a power-on detection electrical connection with the MCU processor through the signal output V, and the voltage proportional adjustment circuit converts the signal output I0-1, the signal output I0-3, and the signal output I0-5 into the signal input IO-2, the signal input IO-4, and the signal input IO-6 in sequence, thereby establishing an electrical connection with the MCU processor.

2. The battery manager for electric vehicles with charge and discharge protection functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device further includes an anti-reverse connection circuit provided on the battery charging circuit. The anti-reverse connection circuit is provided with a MOSFET Q8, a resistor R35, a resistor R40, and a voltage-stabilizing diode ZD6. The positive electrode E5+1 and the negative electrode E5-1 of the anti-reverse connection circuit are used to form an electrical connection with a charging input device. Pin 1 of the resistor R35 is connected to the positive electrode E5+1 and is also connected to the drain of pin 3 of the MOSFET Q8. Pin 2 of the resistor R35 is simultaneously connected to the gate of pin 1 of the MOSFET Q8, pin 1 of the resistor R40, and pin 1 of the voltage-stabilizing diode ZD6. Pin 2 of the resistor R40 and pin 2 of the voltage-stabilizing diode ZD6 are both connected to the negative electrode E5-1. Pin 2 of the resistor R40 and pin 2 of the voltage-stabilizing diode ZD6 are both connected to ground. Pin 2 of the MOSFET Q8 is connected to the source of the battery charging circuit.

3. The battery manager for electric vehicles with charge and discharge protection functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery manager is also provided with a thermistor RX1 for temperature monitoring. The thermistor RX1 forms a series circuit via a series resistor RY1, and the series circuit establishes an electrical connection with the MCU processor via the signal output TX1; pin 1 of the thermistor RX1 is connected to the 5V output terminal, pin 2 of the thermistor RX1 is connected to pin 1 of the series resistor RY1, pin 2 of the series resistor RY1 is connected to ground, and pin 2 of the thermistor RX1 is connected to pin 16 of the MCU processor via the signal output TX1.

4. The battery manager for electric vehicles with charge and discharge protection functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step-down circuit includes a step-down chip U1 and capacitors C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, a diode D1, an inductor L1, resistors RL1, RL2, and RL3 electrically connected to the step-down chip U1; Pin 1 of capacitor C5 is connected to the VDD input terminal, pin 2 of capacitor C5 is connected to pin 1 of diode D1, pin 1 of capacitor C6, pin 1 of capacitor C7, and pin 1 of resistor RL3, pin 2 of capacitor C5 is connected to ground, pins 5, 6, 7, and 8 of step-down chip U1 are connected to the VDD input terminal, pins 5, 6, 7, and 8 of step-down chip U1 are connected to pin 1 of capacitor C5, pin 1 of step-down chip U1 is connected to pin 1 of capacitor C3, pin 1 of capacitor C4, and pin 1 of diode D Pin 2 of the inductor L1 is connected to pin 2 of the capacitor C6, pin 2 of the capacitor C7, and pin 2 of the resistor RL3. Pin 2 of the capacitor C3 is connected to pin 2 of the buck chip U1. Pin 2 of the capacitor C4 is connected to pin 4 of the buck chip U1. Pin 2 of the resistor RL2 is connected to pin 3 of the buck chip U1 and pin 1 of the inductor L1. Pin 2 of the inductor L1 is connected to pin 2 of the inductor L1. Pin 2 of the resistor RL3 forms a 5V output terminal.

5. The battery manager for electric vehicles with charge and discharge protection functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first current acquisition unit includes an electrically connected resistor RS1, a resistor RS2, a resistor RS3, a resistor R2, a resistor R6, a resistor R8, a resistor R10 and a capacitor C1; the second current acquisition unit includes an electrically connected resistor RS4, a resistor RS5, a resistor RS6, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a resistor R7, a resistor R11 and a capacitor C2; the third current acquisition unit includes an electrically connected resistor RS7, a resistor RS8, a resistor RS9, a resistor R42, a resistor R43, a resistor R44, Resistor R45 and capacitor C10; resistor RS1, resistor RS2, and resistor RS3 are connected to a parallel resistor set 1 on the first discharge branch, pin 1 of the parallel resistor set 1 is connected to pin 1 of resistor R2, pin 2 of the parallel resistor set 1 is connected to pin 1 of resistor R10, pin 2 of resistor R2 is simultaneously connected to pin 1 of capacitor C1 and pin 1 of resistor R6, pin 2 of resistor R10 is simultaneously connected to pin 2 of capacitor C1 and pin 1 of resistor R8, pin 2 of resistor R6 and pin 2 of resistor R8 are connected to the operational amplifier amplifier U2; resistors RS4, RS5, and RS6 are connected to a second discharge branch as a parallel resistor set 2, pin 1 of the parallel resistor set 2 is connected to pin 1 of the resistor R3, pin 2 of the parallel resistor set 2 is connected to pin 1 of the resistor R11, pin 2 of the resistor R3 is simultaneously connected to pin 1 of the capacitor C2 and pin 1 of the resistor R4, pin 2 of the resistor R11 is simultaneously connected to pin 2 of the capacitor C2 and pin 1 of the resistor R7, pin 2 of the resistor R4 and pin 2 of the resistor R7 are connected to the operational amplifier U2; Resistor RS7, resistor RS8, and resistor RS9 are a parallel resistor set three connected to the battery charging circuit. Pin 1 of the parallel resistor set three is connected to pin 1 of resistor R42, pin 2 of the parallel resistor set three is connected to pin 1 of resistor R43, pin 2 of resistor R43 is simultaneously connected to pin 1 of capacitor C10 and pin 1 of resistor R45, pin 2 of resistor R42 is simultaneously connected to pin 2 of capacitor C10 and pin 1 of resistor R44, and pin 2 of resistor R45 and pin 2 of resistor R44 are connected to operational amplifier U5.

6. The battery manager for electric vehicles with charge and discharge protection functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge signal conversion unit is powered by the 5V output end of the step-down circuit, and the discharge signal conversion unit also includes an electrically connected photoelectric coupler U4, a resistor R19, a resistor R21, a resistor R22, a resistor R23, a voltage regulator ZD3, and a transistor Q4; pin 1 of the resistor R19 is connected to the emitter of pin 2 of the transistor Q4, and pin 2 of the resistor R19 is simultaneously connected to pin 1 of the resistor R21 and pin 1 of the voltage regulator diode ZD3, and pin 2 of the voltage regulator diode ZD3 is connected to ground, and pin 2 of the resistor R21 is connected to the emitter of pin 2 of the transistor Q4. It is connected to the base of pin 1 of transistor Q4, the collector of pin 3 of transistor Q4 is connected to pin 1 of resistor R22, pin 2 of resistor R22 is connected to pin 1 of photocoupler U4, pin 2 of photocoupler U4 is connected to ground, pin 1 of resistor R23 is connected to the 5V output end, pin 2 of resistor R23 is connected to pin 3 of photocoupler U4, pin 1 of resistor R19 can receive signal output I0-1 and signal output I0-5, and signal output IOUT is executed by pin 4 of photocoupler U4.

7. The battery manager for electric vehicles with charge and discharge protection functions according to claim 6, characterized in that: The discharge protection unit also includes an electrically connected transistor Q1, a resistor R13, a resistor R14, a resistor R15, a resistor R16, a resistor R17, a resistor R18, a resistor R20, a voltage regulator ZD1, a voltage regulator ZD2, a capacitor C8, and a capacitor C9; pin 1 of the resistor R15 is connected to the signal output KZ-OUT, pin 2 of the resistor R15 is simultaneously connected to the signal output IOUT, pin 1 of the resistor R14, and the base of pin 1 of the transistor Q1, pin 2 of the resistor R14 is simultaneously connected to the 5V output end and pin 1 of the resistor R13, pin 2 of the resistor R13 is connected to the emitter of pin 2 of the transistor Q1, and the collector of pin 3 of the transistor Q1 is simultaneously connected to pin 1 of the resistor R17 and pin 1 of the resistor R8, and pin 2 of the resistor R17 is simultaneously connected to the Pin 1 of resistor R16, pin 1 of Zener diode ZD1, and pin 1 of gate of MOSFET Q2 are connected. Pin 2 of resistor R16 is connected to ground. Pin 2 of resistor R18 is simultaneously connected to pin 1 of resistor R20, pin 1 of Zener diode ZD2, and gate of pin 1 of MOSFET Q3. Pin 2 of resistor R20 is simultaneously connected to pin 2 of Zener diode ZD2, pin 2 of Zener diode ZD1, pin 2 source of MOSFET Q3, pin 2 source of MOSFET Q2, and pin 1 of capacitor C9. Pin 2 of resistor R20 is simultaneously connected to ground. Pin 2 of capacitor C9 is connected to pin 1 of capacitor C8. Pin 2 of capacitor C8 is simultaneously connected to pin 3 drain of MOSFET Q2 and pin 3 drain of MOSFET Q3. Pin 2 of capacitor C8 is simultaneously connected to ground.

8. The battery manager for electric vehicles with charge and discharge protection functions according to claim 7, characterized in that: The charging protection unit also includes electrically connected transistors Q5, Q6, Q7, resistors R24, R25, R26, R27, R28, R34, a voltage regulator ZD4, and a voltage regulator ZD5; ​​pin 1 of the resistor R25 is simultaneously connected to the signal output I0-3 and the emitter of pin 2 of the transistor Q5, pin 2 of the resistor R25 is simultaneously connected to pin 1 of the voltage regulator diode ZD4 and pin 1 of the resistor R26, pin 2 of the voltage regulator diode ZD4 is connected to ground, pin 2 of the resistor R26 is connected to the base of pin 1 of the transistor Q5, pin 3 of the transistor Q5 is simultaneously connected to the base of pin 1 of the transistor Q6 and pin 1 of the resistor R28, pin 2 of the resistor R28 is connected to the transistor The emitter of pin 2 of transistor Q6 is connected to the ground at the same time, the collector of pin 3 of transistor Q6 is connected to pin 1 of resistor R24 ​​and the base of pin 1 of transistor Q7 at the same time, pin 2 of resistor R24 ​​is connected to the signal output KZ-IN, the emitter of pin 2 of transistor Q7 is connected to the ground, the collector of pin 3 of transistor Q7 is connected to pin 1 of resistor R27, pin 2 of resistor R27 is connected to pin 1 of Zener diode ZD5, pin 1 of resistor R34, and the gate of pin 1 of MOSFET Q9 at the same time, pin 2 of Zener diode ZD5, pin 2 of resistor R34, and the source of pin 2 of MOSFET Q9 are connected to the high potential end of the battery charging circuit at the same time, and the drain of pin 3 of MOSFET Q9 is connected to the low potential end of the battery charging circuit.

9. The battery manager for electric vehicles with charge and discharge protection functions according to claim 8, characterized in that: The power-on detection circuit includes a resistor R29 and a resistor R36 connected in series. When the ignition switch lock is turned on, the MCU processor receives the signal output V of the power-on detection circuit and executes the signal output KZ-OUT and the signal output KZ-IN; pin 1 of the resistor R29 is connected to the 12V battery voltage, pin 2 of the resistor R29 is connected to pin 1 of the resistor R36, pin 2 of the resistor R36 is connected to ground, and pin 2 of the resistor R29 establishes a connection with the MCU processor by executing the signal output V.

10. The battery manager for electric vehicles with charge and discharge protection functions according to claim 9, characterized in that: The voltage proportional regulation circuit has three paths, and the voltage proportional regulation circuit includes a first path in which the signal output I0-1 is converted into the signal input IO-2 by the resistor R30 and the resistor R37 are connected in series, a second path in which the signal output I0-3 is converted into the signal input IO-4 by the resistor R31 and the resistor R38 are connected in series, and a third path in which the signal output I0-5 is converted into the signal input IO-6 by the resistor R32 and the resistor R39 are connected in series; the pin 1 of the resistor R30 is connected to the signal output I0-1, the pin 2 of the resistor R30 is connected to the pin 1 of the resistor R37, the pin 2 of the resistor R37 is connected to the ground, and the resistor R Pin 2 of resistor R30 simultaneously executes signal input IO-2 to establish a connection with the MCU processor; pin 1 of resistor R31 is connected to signal output I0-3, pin 2 of resistor R31 is connected to pin 1 of resistor R38, pin 2 of resistor R38 is connected to ground, and pin 2 of resistor R31 simultaneously executes signal input IO-4 to establish a connection with the MCU processor; pin 1 of resistor R32 is connected to signal output I0-5, pin 2 of resistor R32 is connected to pin 1 of resistor R39, pin 2 of resistor R39 is connected to ground, and pin 2 of resistor R32 simultaneously executes signal input IO-6 to establish a connection with the MCU processor.

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