Photovoltaic energy-saving device and energy-saving method of outdoor cabinet

Abstract

The invention provides a photovoltaic energy-saving device and method for an outdoor cabinet, and aims to solve the problem that the energy supply reliability of an energy-saving cabinet is insufficient. The turntable is rotatably connected with the top of the cabinet body, the top of the turntable is sequentially provided with a positioning seat and a mounting groove frame, the inner side of the mounting groove frame is provided with a photovoltaic cell panel, and the left and right sides of the front surface of the mounting groove frame are respectively provided with photosensitive elements; the top of the rotary gear and the bottom of the rotary table are coaxially fixed, and the single-chip microcomputer module judges the position and the direction where the illumination intensity is high in the horizontal direction by comparing electric signal difference values caused by the difference of the irradiated sunlight intensity of the photosensitive elements on the left side and the right side, generates a control signal and sends the control signal to the motor driving controller. The motor driving controller controls the first stepping motor to drive the rotating gear to rotate, so that the photovoltaic cell panel rotates to the position where illumination on the left side and the right side is balanced. The photovoltaic cell panel can be used for power generation, and the power generation efficiency of the whole day can be guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of energy conservation, and in particular to a photovoltaic energy-saving device for an outdoor cabinet, and a photovoltaic energy-saving method for an outdoor cabinet. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of 5G communication technology, outdoor cabinets, as a crucial carrier for base station equipment, face increasing challenges with heat dissipation and energy consumption. Existing energy-saving devices for 5G outdoor cabinets, such as those disclosed in Chinese patent CN114867269A, primarily utilize a wind power generation combined with air cooling and heat dissipation. This solution utilizes wind shields to capture wind energy to drive the power generation components, while utilizing airflow to remove dust and dissipate heat within the cabinet. However, the protective housing and air collection box are connected via vertical ducts, resulting in inefficient airflow and a closed environment within the cabinet, limiting heat dissipation. Furthermore, the wind shield is typically located within the protective cover. In strong winds, an electric actuator is required to push the wind shield out of the cover, where it then rotates with the wind and converts potential energy into power through the wind power generation components to achieve power generation. Power generation depends on ambient wind conditions, significantly reducing power generation stability in calm or weak wind conditions, making it difficult to ensure continuous power supply. These drawbacks not only affect the heat dissipation efficiency of the cabinet's internal equipment but also lead to insufficient energy supply reliability. A more efficient and stable energy-saving solution is urgently needed to optimize the operational performance of 5G outdoor cabinets. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To at least address the problem of insufficient reliability of wind power generation in existing energy-saving cabinets, the present disclosure provides a photovoltaic energy-saving device for an outdoor cabinet and a photovoltaic energy-saving method for an outdoor cabinet. By utilizing photovoltaic panels to receive light energy for power generation and storage, significant energy savings can be achieved. Furthermore, by adjusting the photovoltaic panels to follow the movement of sunlight, power generation efficiency is effectively guaranteed throughout the day, providing the advantage of stable power generation and self-sufficiency.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a photovoltaic energy-saving device for an outdoor cabinet, the device comprising a cabinet body and a photovoltaic energy-saving mechanism;

[0005] The photovoltaic energy-saving mechanism includes a single-chip microcomputer module, a motor drive controller, a horizontal rotation mechanism and a horizontal drive member;

[0006] The horizontal rotation mechanism is arranged outside the cabinet body, including a turntable, a positioning seat, a mounting slot frame, a photovoltaic cell panel, and a photosensitive element. The single-chip microcomputer module is electrically connected to the photosensitive element and the motor drive controller respectively. The turntable is rotatably connected to the top of the cabinet body, the positioning seat is fixedly mounted on the top of the turntable, and the mounting slot frame is mounted on the positioning seat. The photovoltaic cell panel is fixedly mounted on the inner side of the mounting slot frame, and the photosensitive elements are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the front of the mounting slot frame;

[0007] The horizontal driving component is arranged inside the cabinet body, and includes a first stepper motor and a rotating gear. The rotating gear is rotatably connected to the top of the cabinet body, and the top and the bottom of the turntable are coaxially fixed. The first stepper motor is electrically connected to the motor drive controller. The single-chip microcomputer module determines the position and direction where the light intensity is stronger in the horizontal direction by comparing the difference in electrical signals caused by the difference in the intensity of sunlight irradiated by the photosensitive elements on the left side and the right side of the front of the installation slot frame, and generates a horizontal rotation control signal to send to the motor drive controller. The motor drive controller controls the first stepper motor to drive the rotating gear to rotate according to the horizontal rotation control signal of the single-chip microcomputer module, thereby controlling the horizontal rotation mechanism to rotate horizontally on the cabinet body, and driving the photovoltaic panel to rotate in the horizontal direction, so that the photovoltaic panel rotates to a position where the light intensity on the left and right sides is balanced.

[0008] Furthermore, the device further comprises a vertical angle adjustment mechanism, which comprises a second stepping motor, a worm, a worm wheel, a threaded screw, a slide, a support arm and a bearing rod;

[0009] The bearing rod is rotatably mounted on one end of the positioning seat close to the outside of the cabinet body, the bottom of the mounting slot frame is fixedly connected to the outside of the bearing rod, the worm is rotatably mounted on the other end of the positioning seat, the worm is connected to the second stepping motor and can rotate under the drive of the second stepping motor, and two threaded screws parallel to each other and perpendicular to the worm are rotatably connected to the inner side of the positioning seat, a worm wheel is coaxially fixed to the outer side of one end of the threaded screw close to the worm, the worm wheel is meshed with the outer side of the worm for transmission, the external threads of the two threaded screws are connected to a slide, the top of the slide is hinged with a support arm, and the top of the support arm is hinged to the back side of the mounting slot frame;

[0010] The second stepper motor is electrically connected to the motor drive controller, and photosensitive elements are respectively provided on the upper and lower sides of the front face of the mounting slot frame. The single-chip microcomputer module also determines the position and direction where the light intensity is stronger in the vertical direction by comparing the difference in electrical signals caused by the difference in the intensity of the irradiated sunlight on the photosensitive elements on the upper and lower sides of the front face of the mounting slot frame, and generates a support angle adjustment signal to send to the motor drive controller. The motor drive controller controls the second stepper motor to drive the worm to rotate according to the support angle adjustment signal of the single-chip microcomputer, thereby driving the threaded screw to rotate through the worm gear, causing the slide to slide along the threaded screw, thereby driving the support arm to swing at an angle, thereby adjusting the support angle of the photovoltaic panel.

[0011] Furthermore, the horizontal driving member further includes a trough box, a driving gear, a first steering angle sensor and a first rotary encoder;

[0012] The tank box is fixedly connected to the inner top wall of the cabinet body, the rotating gear is arranged in the tank box, and the first stepper motor is fixedly installed on the inner bottom wall of the tank box;

[0013] The first steering angle sensor is fixedly mounted on the inner bottom wall of the tank, the top of the first steering angle sensor is rotatably connected to the bottom of the rotating gear, and the driving gear is meshed with one side of the rotating gear for transmission;

[0014] The bottom of the first rotary encoder is rotatably connected to the output end of the first stepper motor, and the top of the first rotary encoder is rotatably connected to the bottom of the driving gear;

[0015] The first rotary encoder is electrically connected to the single-chip microcomputer module and has a rotating rod structure connected to the output shaft of the first stepper motor and the driving gear. It can generate corresponding signals according to the rotation of the rotating rod and transmit them to the single-chip microcomputer module, which determines the rotation direction and rotation angle of the driving gear.

[0016] The first steering angle sensor has a rotating shaft coaxially fixed to the bottom of the rotating gear and is used to detect the rotating direction and rotation angle of the rotating gear.

[0017] Furthermore, the vertical angle adjustment mechanism further includes a second rotary encoder and a second steering angle sensor;

[0018] The second rotary encoder is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the positioning seat and is disposed between the second stepping motor and the worm, and is connected to the second stepping motor and the worm via a rotating rod structure. The second rotary encoder is electrically connected to the single-chip microcomputer module and can generate a corresponding signal according to the rotation of the rotating rod and transmit the signal to the single-chip microcomputer module, which determines the rotation direction and rotation angle of the worm;

[0019] The second steering angle sensor is fixedly mounted on one side of the positioning seat and connected to one end of the bearing rod. It has a rotating shaft coaxially fixed with the bearing rod and is used to detect the rotation direction and rotation angle of the bearing rod.

[0020] Further,

[0021] The photosensitive element includes a voltage comparator module, a first photoresistor, and a second photoresistor. The input end of each group of voltage comparator modules is connected to the first photoresistor and the second photoresistor in a cross-connected series combination. The first photoresistor serves as an upper bias resistor of the voltage comparator module for detecting sunlight, and the second photoresistor serves as a lower bias resistor for detecting ambient light. The comparison level of the input end of each voltage comparator module on the left and right sides and the upper and lower sides of the mounting slot is always the difference between the sunlight and the ambient light.

[0022] The single chip microcomputer module determines the position and direction of stronger sunlight intensity by receiving the difference in comparison levels of the voltage comparator modules on the left and right sides of the installation slot frame and the difference in comparison levels of the voltage comparator modules on the upper and lower sides of the installation slot frame.

[0023] Furthermore, the device also includes an energy storage component;

[0024] The energy storage assembly is arranged on the back top of the cabinet body, and includes an energy storage box, a solar controller, an inverter and a battery pack;

[0025] The energy storage box is fixedly connected to the back of the cabinet body, a solar controller is fixedly installed on the inner top wall of the energy storage box, the solar controller is electrically connected to the photovoltaic panel, an inverter is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the energy storage box, and a battery pack is fixedly installed on the inner bottom wall of the energy storage box;

[0026] After the photovoltaic panels absorb light energy and convert it into electrical energy, the energy storage component uses a solar controller to store the converted electrical energy in a battery pack, which is then converted into AC power through an inverter to provide self-sufficient energy for the cabinet.

[0027] Furthermore, the device also includes an energy-saving heat dissipation mechanism;

[0028] The energy-saving heat dissipation mechanism includes an exhaust fan, a mounting ring frame, a micro motor, a first ventilation pipe, a dust filter screen, a cleaning rod, and a positioning ring seat;

[0029] The inner left wall and the inner right wall of the cabinet body are both provided with mutually symmetrical first air ducts, the inner sides of the two first air ducts are fixedly connected to mounting ring frames, and the two mounting ring frames are fixedly mounted with micro motors on the side facing the inside of the cabinet body, and the two micro motors are electrically connected to the inverter. The exhaust fan is movably mounted in the mounting ring frame and is fixedly connected to the output ends of the two micro motors respectively;

[0030] The inner bottom wall of the cabinet body is provided with a second air trough, the dust filter screen is fixedly installed at the second air trough of the inner bottom wall of the cabinet body, the bottom of the dust filter screen is fixedly connected to a positioning ring seat, the inner side of the dust filter screen is rotatably connected to a cleaning rod, the cleaning rod includes a scraper blade rod rotatably connected to the inner side of the positioning ring seat, and the bottom of the scraper blade rod is fixedly connected to a wind blade;

[0031] A first ventilation pipe is connected to one side of one of the first air slots toward the outside of the cabinet, and the other end of the bottom of the first ventilation pipe is close to one side of the wind blade;

[0032] The exhaust fan is driven by a micro motor to allow external cold air to enter from the second air duct on the bottom wall of the cabinet, carry the air inside the cabinet and then be discharged through the first air duct to speed up the heat exchange rate. Then a part of the high-speed air is sent to the fan blades through the first ventilation duct to drive the fan blades and scraper blades to rotate and clean the bottom of the dust filter screen.

[0033] Furthermore, the energy-saving heat dissipation mechanism further includes a water storage tank, a water pump, a first delivery pipe, a second delivery pipe, a third delivery pipe and a heat exchange pipe rack;

[0034] The water tank is fixedly connected to the bottom of the back of the cabinet body, the interior of the water tank contains coolant, and a water pump is fixedly installed on the top of the water tank. The back of the water pump is fixedly connected to a first delivery pipe, the first delivery pipe is connected to the back of the water tank, and the top of the water pump is fixedly connected to a second delivery pipe;

[0035] The heat exchange tube rack is fixed to the inner left wall and the inner right wall of the cabinet in an S-shaped structure. The top of the second delivery pipe is connected to one end of the heat exchange tube rack through, and the other end of the heat exchange tube rack is fixedly connected to the third delivery pipe.

[0036] A second ventilation pipe is connected to the other side of the first air duct toward the outside of the cabinet;

[0037] The outer side of the third delivery pipe is spirally wound inside the second ventilation pipe, and the rear end of the third delivery pipe is connected to the water storage tank;

[0038] When the exhaust fan discharges the air in the cabinet, the water pump sucks the coolant from the water tank and sends it into the heat exchange tube rack to exchange heat. The coolant is then discharged into the second ventilation pipe. The spiral structure of the pipe is used to cool the coolant and then flows back to the water tank.

[0039] Furthermore, the single chip microcomputer module determines the adjustment angle of the photovoltaic panel in the following manner;

[0040] 1) Astronomical algorithm calculates the solar altitude angle α and azimuth angle γ, which are expressed as:

[0041] α=arcsin(sinδsinφ+cosδcosφcosω)

[0042]

[0043] Where δ is the solar declination angle, φ is the local latitude, and ω is the hour angle, which is set to 15° per hour. The adjustment angle of the photovoltaic panel each time is the difference between the current sun position and the photovoltaic panel angle Δα, Δγ;

[0044] 2) Light intensity difference threshold trigger: When the difference in light intensity in all directions of the photovoltaic panel exceeds the set threshold, the trigger angle is adjusted, where the adjustment step is proportional to the light intensity difference:

[0045] Δθ=k×(light intensity difference ratio)

[0046] Where k is the proportional coefficient, which is set according to the lighting conditions;

[0047] 3) PID closed-loop control: The step size is adjusted in real time according to the light intensity error, which is expressed as:

[0048]

[0049] Where e(t) is the light intensity difference between the target and the current light, K p , K i , K d For experimental calibration values, it can achieve fast response to large deviations: when the light intensity difference is greater than 20%, the step length increases to 2° to 5°; for fine adjustment of small deviations: when the light intensity difference is less than 5%, the step length decreases to 0.1° to 0.5°.

[0050] In a second aspect, the present disclosure provides a photovoltaic energy-saving method for an outdoor cabinet, which is implemented based on any photovoltaic energy-saving device for an outdoor cabinet described in the first aspect, and the method includes:

[0051] The photovoltaic panels installed on the top of the cabinet absorb light energy and convert it into electrical energy;

[0052] By respectively arranging photosensitive elements on the left and right sides of the front face of the mounting slot, the electrical signal value generated by the sunlight is obtained, and the electrical signal value is input into the single-chip microcomputer module. The single-chip microcomputer module determines the position and direction where the light intensity is stronger in the horizontal direction by comparing the electrical signal difference caused by the difference in the intensity of the sunlight irradiated by the photosensitive elements on the left and right sides of the front face of the mounting slot, and generates a horizontal rotation control signal to be sent to the motor drive controller. The motor drive controller controls the first stepper motor to drive the rotating gear to rotate according to the horizontal rotation control signal of the single-chip microcomputer module, thereby controlling the horizontal rotation mechanism to rotate horizontally on the cabinet body, and driving the photovoltaic panel to rotate in the horizontal direction, so that the photovoltaic panel rotates to a position where the light on the left and right sides is balanced.

[0053] Beneficial effects:

[0054] The present disclosure provides a photovoltaic energy-saving device for an outdoor cabinet and a photovoltaic energy-saving method for an outdoor cabinet. By utilizing photovoltaic panels to receive light energy and forwarding it into electrical energy, and storing the electrical energy in a battery pack for energy storage, a large amount of energy consumption can be saved. Moreover, by adjusting the photovoltaic panels to follow the movement of sunlight, the power generation efficiency throughout the day is effectively guaranteed, and the device has the advantage of stable power generation and self-sufficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0055] Figure 1 A 3D cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic energy-saving device for an outdoor cabinet provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0056] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Front view from perspective;

[0057] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Top view of the positioning seat structure in the viewing angle;

[0058] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the horizontal drive structure in the viewing angle;

[0059] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a photosensitive element control circuit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0060] Figure 6 for Figure 2 rear view from perspective;

[0061] Figure 7 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the exhaust fan structure in perspective;

[0062] Figure 8 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the cleanup rod structure in perspective;

[0063] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of wiring between a motor drive controller and an encoder provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0064] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the wiring between the motor drive controller and the stepper motor provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0065] Figure 11 A schematic flow chart of a photovoltaic energy-saving method for an outdoor cabinet provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0066] In the figure: 1. Cabinet; 2. Horizontal rotation mechanism; 201. Turntable; 202. Positioning seat; 203. Mounting trough; 204. Photovoltaic panel; 205. Photosensitive element; 2051. Voltage comparator module; 2052. First photoresistor; 2053. Second photoresistor; 3. Energy-saving heat dissipation mechanism; 301. Exhaust fan; 302. Dust filter plate; 303. Cleaning rod; 3031. Scraper blade; 3032. Fan blade; 304. Mounting ring; 305. Micro motor; 306. Positioning ring; 307. First ventilation pipe; 308. Water tank; 309. Water pump; 310. First delivery pipe; 311 , second conveying pipe; 312, third conveying pipe; 313, heat exchange tube rack; 314, second ventilation pipe; 315, temperature sensor; 4, vertical angle adjustment mechanism; 401, second stepping motor; 402, worm; 403, worm gear; 404, lead screw; 405, slide; 406, support arm; 407, bearing rod; 408, second rotary encoder; 409, second steering angle sensor; 5, horizontal drive member; 501, rotating gear; 502, first steering angle sensor; 503, driving gear; 504, first rotary encoder; 505, first stepping motor; 506, tank; 6, motor drive controller;

[0067] 7. Energy storage component; 701. Energy storage box; 702. Solar controller; 703. Inverter;

[0068] 704. Battery pack; 8. Single chip microcomputer module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0069] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present disclosure, the present disclosure is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments and drawings described herein are only used to explain the present disclosure, rather than to limit the present disclosure.

[0070] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present disclosure and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence; and, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present disclosure can be arbitrarily combined with each other.

[0071] The terms used in the embodiments of the present disclosure are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. The singular forms "a," "an," "the," and "the" used in the embodiments of the present disclosure and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0072] In the subsequent description, suffixes such as "module," "component," or "unit" used to represent elements are used only to facilitate the description of the present disclosure and have no specific meaning. Therefore, "module," "component," or "unit" may be used interchangeably.

[0073] The following is a detailed description of the technical solutions of the present invention and how the technical solutions of the present invention solve the technical problems in the prior art with specific embodiments. It will be appreciated that, in the embodiments of the present application, the execution subject may perform some or all of the steps in the embodiments of the present application, and these steps or operations are merely examples. The embodiments of the present application may also perform other operations or variations of various operations. In addition, the various steps may be performed in different orders as presented in the embodiments of the present application, and it may not be necessary to perform all the operations in the embodiments of the present application. Furthermore, the following specific embodiments may be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described in detail in certain embodiments.

[0074] See also Figure 1-8 , Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure provides a photovoltaic energy-saving device for an outdoor cabinet, the device comprising a cabinet body 1 and a photovoltaic energy-saving mechanism;

[0075] The photovoltaic energy-saving mechanism includes a single-chip microcomputer module 8, a motor drive controller 6, a horizontal rotation mechanism 2 and a horizontal drive member 5;

[0076] The horizontal rotation mechanism 2 is arranged outside the cabinet body 1, including a turntable 201, a positioning seat 202, a mounting slot frame 203, a photovoltaic cell panel 204, and a photosensitive element 205. The single-chip computer module 8 is electrically connected to the photosensitive element 205 and the motor drive controller 6 respectively. The turntable 201 is rotatably connected to the top of the cabinet body 1, the positioning seat 202 is fixedly mounted on the top of the turntable 201, and the mounting slot frame 203 is mounted on the positioning seat 202. The photovoltaic cell panel 204 is fixedly mounted on the inner side of the mounting slot frame 203, and the photosensitive elements 205 are respectively provided on the left and right sides of the front of the mounting slot frame 203;

[0077] The horizontal driving member 5 is arranged inside the cabinet body 1, and includes a first stepper motor 505 and a rotating gear 501. The rotating gear 501 is rotatably connected to the top of the cabinet body 1, and the top and the bottom of the turntable 201 are coaxially fixed. The first stepper motor 505 is electrically connected to the motor drive controller 6. The single-chip microcomputer module 8 determines the position and direction where the light intensity is stronger in the horizontal direction by comparing the difference in electrical signals caused by the difference in the intensity of sunlight irradiated by the photosensitive elements 205 on the left and right sides of the front of the installation slot frame 203, and generates a horizontal rotation control signal to send to the motor drive controller 6. The motor drive controller 6 controls the first stepper motor 505 to drive the rotating gear 501 to rotate according to the horizontal rotation control signal of the single-chip microcomputer module 8, thereby controlling the horizontal rotation mechanism 2 to rotate horizontally on the cabinet body 1, and driving the photovoltaic panel 204 to rotate in the horizontal direction, so that the photovoltaic panel 204 rotates to a position where the light intensity on the left and right sides is balanced.

[0078] In order to achieve the purpose of stable power generation and self-sufficiency, the embodiment of the present disclosure sets a photovoltaic power generation system on the cabinet body 1, absorbs light energy through the photovoltaic panel 204 and converts it into electrical energy, stores the electrical energy in the battery, and uses it for self-sufficiency of the cabinet body 1. Solar power generation can achieve relatively stable power generation and save cabinet energy consumption; and by adjusting the photovoltaic panel 204 to move with sunlight, the power generation efficiency throughout the day is effectively guaranteed.

[0079] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, a horizontal rotation mechanism 2 is provided on the top of the cabinet body 1. The turntable 201 of the horizontal rotation mechanism 2 can rotate horizontally on the top of the cabinet body 1. A positioning seat 202 is fixed on the turntable 201. The mounting slot frame 203 is installed on the positioning seat 202 at an angle. A sealing groove is provided on the inner side of the mounting slot frame 203. The photovoltaic panel 204 is installed on the inner side of the sealing groove through sealing glass and sealing strips. In order to achieve the photovoltaic panel 204 to rotate horizontally in the direction of sunlight, so that the photovoltaic panel 204 always faces the sun and achieves a better power generation effect, photosensitive elements 205 are respectively provided on the left and right sides of the front of the mounting slot frame 203, and a horizontal driving member 5 is provided in the cabinet body 1. When the light intensity received by the photosensitive elements 205 on the left and right sides is the same, the electrical signals generated by the photosensitive elements 205 on both sides are the same, and no angle adjustment is required. When the light intensity received by the photosensitive elements 205 on the left and right sides is different, the electrical signal values generated by the sunlight will also be different. The single-chip computer module 8 compares the mounting slot frame 20 The difference in electrical signals caused by the difference in sunlight intensity between the left and right front photosensors 205 determines the position and direction where the light intensity is stronger in the horizontal direction, and generates a horizontal rotation control signal that is sent to the motor drive controller 6. The motor drive controller 6 controls the first stepper motor 505 to rotate the rotating gear 501. Since the rotating gear 501 and the bottom of the turntable 201 are coaxially fixed, the turntable 201 is driven to rotate horizontally, thereby driving the photovoltaic panel 204 to rotate horizontally, so that the photovoltaic panel 204 rotates to a position where the light intensity on the left and right sides is balanced, thereby ensuring the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel 204.

[0080] Further, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the device further includes a vertical angle adjustment mechanism 4, which includes a second stepping motor 401, a worm 402, a worm wheel 403, a threaded screw 404, a slide 405, a support arm 406 and a bearing rod 407;

[0081] The bearing rod 407 is rotatably mounted on one end of the positioning seat 202 close to the outside of the cabinet body 1, and the bottom of the mounting slot frame 203 is fixedly connected to the outside of the bearing rod 407. The worm 402 is rotatably mounted on the other end of the positioning seat 202. The worm 402 is connected to the second stepping motor 401 and can rotate under the drive of the second stepping motor 401. Two threaded screws 404 that are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the worm 402 are rotatably connected to the inner side of the positioning seat 202. A worm gear 403 is coaxially fixed to the outer side of one end of the threaded screw 404 close to the worm 402. The worm gear 403 is meshed with the outer side of the worm 402 for transmission. The external threads of the two threaded screws 404 are connected to a slide 405. The top of the slide 405 is hinged to a support arm 406, and the top of the support arm 406 is hinged to the back side of the mounting slot frame 203.

[0082] The second stepper motor 401 is electrically connected to the motor drive controller 6, and photosensitive elements 205 are respectively provided on the upper and lower sides of the front of the mounting slot frame 203. The single-chip computer module 8 also determines the position and direction where the light intensity is stronger in the vertical direction by comparing the difference in electrical signals caused by the difference in the intensity of the irradiated sunlight of the photosensitive elements 205 on the upper and lower sides of the front of the mounting slot frame 203, and generates a support angle adjustment signal to be sent to the motor drive controller 6. The motor drive controller 6 controls the second stepper motor 401 to drive the worm 402 to rotate according to the support angle adjustment signal of the single-chip computer, thereby driving the threaded screw 404 to rotate through the worm gear 403, causing the slide 405 to slide along the threaded screw 404, thereby driving the support arm 406 to swing at an angle to adjust the support angle of the photovoltaic panel 204.

[0083] Since the optimal tilt angle of photovoltaic panels varies in different regions and seasons, in high latitudes, the solar altitude angle is higher in summer and lower in winter. The orientation of the photovoltaic panels can be adjusted according to the seasons to obtain better light in different seasons. At the same time, since the photovoltaic panels 204 are set outdoors, they are easily affected by strong winds and other weather conditions. By adjusting the support angle of the photovoltaic panels, the contact area between the strong wind and the photovoltaic components can be reduced in strong winds. In order to adjust the support angle of the photovoltaic panels 204, the device of the embodiment of the present disclosure is also provided with a vertical angle adjustment mechanism 4, such as Figure 4As shown, an adjustment signal is sent out through the single-chip microcomputer module 8. It can be sent out regularly or input in an emergency, or photosensitive elements 205 are respectively set on the upper and lower sides of the front of the mounting slot frame 203. By comparing the difference in electrical signals caused by the difference in the intensity of the irradiated sunlight of the photosensitive elements 205 on the upper and lower sides of the front of the mounting slot frame 203, the position and direction where the light intensity is stronger in the vertical direction is determined, and a support angle adjustment signal is generated. After being received by the motor drive controller 6, a corresponding pulse signal is generated, thereby controlling the rotation angle and rotation direction of the output shaft of the second stepper motor 401 to drive the worm 402 to engage the transmission worm gear 403, and the threaded screw 404 adjusts the slide 405 to slide back and forth. The upward angle of the photovoltaic panel 204 in the vertical direction is adjusted by changing the support angle of the support arm 406.

[0084] Further, such as Figure 4 As shown, the horizontal driving member 5 further includes a tank box 506, a driving gear 503, a first steering angle sensor 502 and a first rotary encoder 504;

[0085] The tank box 506 is fixedly connected to the inner top wall of the cabinet body 1, the rotating gear 501 is arranged in the tank box 506, and the first stepper motor 505 is fixedly installed on the inner bottom wall of the tank box 506;

[0086] The first steering angle sensor 502 is fixedly mounted on the inner bottom wall of the tank 506 . The top of the first steering angle sensor 502 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the rotating gear 501 . The driving gear 503 is meshed with one side of the rotating gear 501 for transmission.

[0087] The bottom of the first rotary encoder 504 is rotatably connected to the output end of the first stepper motor 505, and the top is rotatably connected to the bottom of the driving gear 503;

[0088] The first rotary encoder 504 is electrically connected to the single-chip microcomputer module 8 and has a rotating rod structure connected to the output shaft of the first stepper motor 505 and the driving gear 503. It can generate corresponding signals according to the rotation of the rotating rod and transmit them to the single-chip microcomputer module 8, which determines the rotation direction and rotation angle of the driving gear 503;

[0089] The first steering angle sensor 502 has a rotating shaft coaxially fixed to the bottom of the rotating gear 501 , and is used to detect the rotation direction and rotation angle of the rotating gear 501 .

[0090] like Figure 1 and Figure 4As shown, a slot box 506 is fixedly connected to the inner top wall of the cabinet body 1. The top of the slot box 506 is rotatably connected to a rotating gear 501. The bottom of the turntable 201 is coaxially fixed to the top of the rotating gear 501. A first steering angle sensor 502 is fixedly mounted on the inner bottom wall of the slot box 506. The top of the first steering angle sensor 502 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the rotating gear 501. The left side of the rotating gear 501 is meshed with a driving gear 503. A first rotary encoder 504 is fixedly mounted on the inner left wall of the slot box 506. The top of the first rotary encoder 504 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the driving gear 503. A first stepper motor 505 is fixedly mounted on the inner bottom wall of the slot box 506. The output end of the first stepper motor 505 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the first rotary encoder 504. The motor drive controller 6 is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the slot box 506.

[0091] The first rotary encoder 504 is composed of a code disk, an LED light-emitting diode, a photodiode, and a signal processing circuit. The LED emits a light beam that illuminates the code disk. The code disk is connected to the output shaft of the first stepper motor 505 and the driving gear 503 through a rotating rod structure. By driving the code disk to rotate, the light beam passes through a series of transparent and opaque stripes or holes engraved on the code disk, forming a series of light and dark changes. The photodiode generates a corresponding electrical signal, which is then processed by the signal processing circuit and finally outputs a digital signal or analog signal that meets the requirements. The single-chip microcomputer module 8 determines the rotation direction and speed of the driving gear 503.

[0092] Then, the driving gear 503 engages the transmission rotating gear 501, and the first steering angle sensor 502 detects the rotation direction and rotation angle of the rotating gear 501 and feeds back to the single-chip microcomputer module 8 in the control box, thereby facilitating the precise control of the rotation angle and rotation direction of the turntable 201 and the positioning seat 202, so that the photovoltaic panel 204 moves horizontally in accordance with the sunlight. The working process of the first steering angle sensor 502 is as follows:

[0093] The first steering angle sensor 502 is internally composed of an optical coupling element and a perforated slot plate. The optical coupling element is composed of a light-emitting diode and a photosensitive transistor structure. The perforated slot plate is set in the middle part of the light-emitting diode and the photosensitive transistor. A rotating shaft is connected to the top of the perforated slot plate, and the rotating shaft is coaxially fixed to the bottom of the rotating gear 501. When the rotating gear 501 drives the perforated slot plate to rotate through the rotating shaft, several light-transmitting circular holes opened on the perforated slot plate will transmit the light from the light-emitting diode into the photosensitive transistor. At this time, the photosensitive transistor detects different light signals according to the changes in the light passing through the circular holes on the perforated slot plate to generate corresponding data differential signals. The detected data differential signal is used to calculate the rotation angle and rotation direction of the perforated slot plate through a logic algorithm, that is, the rotation angle and rotation direction data of the rotating gear 501 are obtained.

[0094] The rotary encoder exists as a detection and feedback module, not a direct control module: the motor drives the gear, and the rotary encoder indirectly detects the motor output direction and angle through the gear, and inputs it to the microcontroller for analysis and judgment; then the microcontroller determines the adjustment direction and angle of the motor output according to the position and direction with stronger light intensity, and outputs the corresponding level signal to the motor drive controller 6, which adjusts the phase excitation sequence and the number of pulses to adjust the motor output direction and angle.

[0095] The steering angle sensor detects the rotation direction and rotation angle of the rotating gear 501 to ensure the final adjustment effect. The rotation angle is fed back by the rotary encoder, and the steering angle sensor verifies the gear position. The microcontroller receives the feedback signal (such as rotation angle and direction) in real time and dynamically adjusts the motor motion parameters to ensure tracking accuracy.

[0096] In the horizontal direction, through the following process, the microcontroller sends a command → the first stepper motor 505 drives the driving gear 503 → the driving gear 503 engages the rotating gear 501 → drives the turntable 201 to rotate horizontally → the first rotary encoder 504 feedbacks the real-time angle → the photovoltaic panel tracks the sun in the east-west direction, so that the photovoltaic panel is always perpendicular to the incident direction of sunlight.

[0097] Further, such as Figure 3 As shown, the vertical angle adjustment mechanism 4 further includes a second rotary encoder 408 and a second steering angle sensor 409;

[0098] The second rotary encoder 408 is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the positioning seat 202 and is disposed between the second stepping motor 401 and the worm 402. The second rotary encoder 408 is connected to the second stepping motor 401 and the worm 402 via a rotating rod structure. The second rotary encoder 408 is electrically connected to the single-chip microcomputer module 8 and can generate a corresponding signal according to the rotation of the rotating rod and transmit the signal to the single-chip microcomputer module 8. The single-chip microcomputer module 8 determines the rotation direction and rotation angle of the worm 402.

[0099] The second steering angle sensor 409 is fixedly mounted on one side of the positioning seat 202 and connected to one end of the bearing rod 407 . It has a rotating shaft coaxially fixed with the bearing rod 407 and is used to detect the rotation direction and rotation angle of the bearing rod 407 .

[0100] The motor drive controller 6 receives the command signal corresponding to the rotation direction and rotation angle from the single-chip microcomputer module 8 to generate a corresponding pulse signal, thereby controlling the rotation angle and rotation direction of the output shaft of the second stepper motor 401. At this time, the second rotary encoder 408 can be connected to the second stepper motor 401 and the worm 402 structure via a rotating rod structure. After processing by the internal photodiode and signal processing circuit, the single-chip microcomputer module 8 determines the rotation direction and rotation angle of the worm 402;

[0101] Then, the worm gear 403 is engaged with the worm gear 402, thereby driving the threaded screw 404 to adjust the front and rear positions of the slide 405. The slide 405 drives the support arm 406 to change the support angle and adjust the vertical upward angle of the photovoltaic panel 204. At this time, the mounting slot frame 203 is rotated by the bearing rod 407 at the bottom. The bearing rod 407 drives the rotating shaft inside the second steering angle sensor 409, and the rotating shaft drives the perforated slot plate to rotate to generate a corresponding data differential signal. The rotation angle and rotation direction of the perforated slot plate are calculated by the detected data differential signal, that is, the rotation angle and rotation direction data of the bearing rod 407 are obtained.

[0102] Similarly, this part detects the rotation direction and speed of the worm 402 through the second rotary encoder 408, and the second steering angle sensor 409 detects the rotation angle and rotation direction of the bearing rod 407. Consistent with the above-mentioned horizontal rotation detection process, the signal data is input to the microcontroller input pin through the second rotary encoder 408, and the corresponding level signal is output to the motor controller. The motor controller then outputs the adjusted phase excitation sequence and pulse number to adjust the rotation direction and rotation angle output by the second stepper motor 401;

[0103] The second steering angle sensor 409 is used to detect the rotation angle and rotation direction of the bearing rod 407 to verify the output direction and angle of the second stepper motor 401 and accurately adjust the angle of the photovoltaic panel.

[0104] The slide 405 slides back and forth based on the front and rear direction of the cabinet body 1, thereby driving the support arm 406 to swing and change the angle, adjusting the support angle of the photovoltaic panel. The upward angle of the photovoltaic panel and the mounting slot frame 203 is rotated through the bearing rod 407.

[0105] Further, such as Figure 5 As shown,

[0106] The photosensitive element 205 includes a voltage comparator module 2051, a first photoresistor 2052, and a second photoresistor 2053. The input end of each group of voltage comparator modules 2051 is connected to the first photoresistor 2052 and the second photoresistor 2053 in a cross-connected series combination. The first photoresistor 2052 serves as an upper bias resistor for the voltage comparator module 2051 to detect sunlight, and the second photoresistor 2053 serves as a lower bias resistor to detect ambient light. The comparison level of the input end of each voltage comparator module 2051 on the left and right sides and the upper and lower sides of the mounting slot 203 is always the difference between sunlight and ambient light.

[0107] The single chip computer module 8 determines the position and direction of the stronger sunlight intensity by receiving the difference in comparison levels of the voltage comparator modules 2051 on the left and right sides of the mounting slot 203 and the difference in comparison levels of the voltage comparator modules 2051 on the upper and lower sides of the mounting slot 203.

[0108] The circuit principle of photosensitive element 205 is as follows Figure 5 As shown, by combining the dual operational amplifier LM358 with R1 and R2, and the dual operational amplifier LM358 with R3 and R4 to form a voltage comparator module 2051, the reference voltage is half of VDD (+12V), wherein the first photoresistors 2052 are RT1 and RT2 and are combined with the potentiometer RP1, and the second photoresistors 2053 are RT3 and RT4 and are combined with the potentiometer RP2 to form light sensing circuits, which can automatically compensate according to the intensity of the ambient light;

[0109] A first photoresistor 2052 and a second photoresistor 2053 are installed on both the left and right sides of the mounting bracket 203. The first photoresistor 2052 serves as an upper bias resistor for a voltage comparator module 2051 to detect sunlight, while the second photoresistor 2053 serves as a lower bias resistor to detect ambient light. The comparison level at the input of each voltage comparator module 2051 is always the difference between sunlight and ambient light. When the left side receives sunlight and the right side does not, the comparison level of the left voltage comparator module 2051 is higher, while the comparison level of the right voltage comparator module 2051 is lower. By receiving the difference in comparison levels between the voltage comparator modules 2051 on the left and right sides, or the top and bottom sides, of the mounting bracket 203, the single-chip microcomputer module 8 can determine the location and direction of higher sunlight intensity, thereby generating rotation direction and angle commands. The single-chip microcomputer module 8 enables intelligent decision-making and precise control, and combined with rotary encoder feedback, forms a closed-loop control system.

[0110] The disclosed embodiment can also form a hardware-level trigger circuit through photoresistors (RT1-RT4) and voltage comparators (LM358) to achieve rapid detection of lighting differences and basic motor control. The direct response logic based on the analog circuit is suitable for rapid adjustment of sudden lighting changes.

[0111] When RT1, RT2, RT3 and RT4 are simultaneously affected by ambient natural light (scattered light from other objects exposed to sunlight), the center point voltage of RP1 and RP2 remains unchanged. When RT1 and RT2 are exposed to sunlight, the internal resistance of RT1 decreases, the foot potential of LM358 increases, the foot outputs a high level, the transistor VT1 is saturated and the relay K1 is turned on, its changeover contact 3 and contact 1 are closed, and at the same time the internal resistance of RT2 decreases, the foot potential of LM358 drops, K2 does not act, its changeover contact 3 and static contact 2 are closed, and the motor M is controlled to rotate forward; similarly, when RT3 and RT4 are exposed to sunlight, the relay K2 is turned on and K1 is disconnected, and the motor M is controlled to rotate reversely;

[0112] When the illumination on both sides of the mounting trough 203 is the same, relays K1 and K2 are both turned on, controlling the motor M to stop. Therefore, as the sun continuously shifts throughout the day, the illumination on the left and right sides of the mounting trough 203 continuously alternates. By controlling the forward and reverse rotation of the motors, the photovoltaic panels 204 are always facing the sun, thereby ensuring a high power generation efficiency. The motors M comprise a first stepper motor 505 and a second stepper motor 401. The first stepper motor 505 adjusts the horizontal angle between the turntable 201 and the photovoltaic panels 204, while the second stepper motor 401 adjusts the vertical angle of the photovoltaic panels 204, ensuring that the light intensity received by the surfaces of the photovoltaic panels 204 is equal.

[0113] The second photoresistor 2053 acts as a lower bias resistor to detect ambient light. If the photovoltaic panel rotates too much due to the sun's displacement, RT3 and RT4, which are originally on the backlight side, may be directly exposed to the sun (for example, when the sun visor is facing the sun, RT1 and RT2 are on the sunny side; if it rotates too much, RT3 and RT4 may be exposed to the sunlight on the other side).

[0114] At this time, the motor reverses: RT3 and RT4 are exposed to direct sunlight → resistance decreases → the potential of pin 5 of LM358 decreases, the potential of pin 3 increases → K2 turns on, K1 turns off → the motor reverses to correct the angle.

[0115] 2) Ambient light detection and difference logic:

[0116] Function of the lower bias resistor: When not exposed to direct sunlight, RT3 and RT4 act as lower bias resistors to detect ambient light intensity. Changes in their resistance reflect the overall level of ambient light.

[0117] The comparison level is the difference: When the sun shines directly on one side and the other side is still affected by ambient light, the level difference at the comparator input (pins 3 and 5) is the difference between the sunlight and the ambient light, ensuring the stability of the action threshold.

[0118] Assisted by hardware-level responses: This is primarily used for emergency control during extreme lighting conditions or MCU failure. Microcontroller-based control: Under normal circumstances, the MCU takes over, using encoder feedback for real-time calibration to avoid motor conflicts. When the MCU detects a hardware-triggered action, it can dynamically adjust subsequent instructions.

[0119] Further, such as Figure 6 As shown, the device further includes an energy storage component 7;

[0120] The energy storage component 7 is arranged on the top of the back of the cabinet 1, and includes an energy storage box 701, a solar controller 702, an inverter 703 and a battery pack 704;

[0121] The energy storage box 701 is fixedly connected to the back of the cabinet body 1, and a solar controller 702 is fixedly installed on the inner top wall of the energy storage box 701. The solar controller 702 is electrically connected to the photovoltaic panel 204. An inverter 703 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the energy storage box 701, and a battery pack 704 is fixedly installed on the inner bottom wall of the energy storage box 701;

[0122] After the photovoltaic panel 204 absorbs light energy and converts it into electrical energy, the energy storage component 7 uses the solar controller 702 to store the converted electrical energy in the battery pack 704, and then converts it into AC power through the inverter 703 to provide self-sufficient energy for the cabinet body 1.

[0123] The electrical connection topology of the energy storage assembly 7 is as follows: photovoltaic panel 204 → solar controller 702 (MPPT control) → battery bank 704 (DC storage) → inverter 703 (DC / AC conversion) → cabinet load. The solar controller 702 implements maximum power point tracking to optimize the output efficiency of the photovoltaic panel; it manages the battery's charge and discharge to prevent overcharge / overdischarge; and the inverter 703 converts the DC power (e.g., 48V DC) from the battery bank 704 into AC power (220V AC) for use in the cabinet equipment. Through its rational spatial layout and electrical design, the energy storage assembly 7 achieves efficient solar energy storage and stable power supply.

[0124] Further, such as Figure 6-Figure 8 As shown, the device further includes an energy-saving heat dissipation mechanism 3;

[0125] The energy-saving heat dissipation mechanism 3 includes an exhaust fan 301, a mounting ring frame 304, a micro motor 305, a first ventilation pipe 307, a dust filter plate 302, a cleaning rod 303, and a positioning ring seat 306;

[0126] The inner left wall and the inner right wall of the cabinet body 1 are both provided with mutually symmetrical first air ducts, the inner sides of the two first air ducts are fixedly connected to the mounting ring frame 304, and the two mounting ring frames 304 are fixedly mounted with micro motors 305 on the side facing the interior of the cabinet body 1. The two micro motors 305 are both electrically connected to the inverter 703. The exhaust fan 301 is movably mounted in the mounting ring frame 304 and is fixedly connected to the output ends of the two micro motors 305 respectively.

[0127] The inner bottom wall of the cabinet body 1 is provided with a second air trough, and the dust filter screen plate 302 is fixedly installed at the second air trough of the inner bottom wall of the cabinet body 1. The bottom of the dust filter screen plate 302 is fixedly connected to a positioning ring seat 306, and the inner side of the dust filter screen plate 302 is rotatably connected to a cleaning rod 303, and the cleaning rod 303 includes a scraper blade rod 3031 rotatably connected to the inner side of the positioning ring seat 306, and the bottom of the scraper blade rod 3031 is fixedly connected to a wind blade 3032;

[0128] A first ventilation pipe 307 is connected to one side of one of the first air slots toward the outside of the cabinet 1 , and the other end of the bottom of the first ventilation pipe 307 is close to one side of the wind blade 3032 ;

[0129] The exhaust fan 301 is driven by a micro motor 305, so that external cold air enters from the second air slot on the bottom wall of the cabinet body 1, carries the air inside the cabinet and is discharged through the first air slot to speed up the heat exchange rate. Then, a portion of the high-speed air is sent to the wind blade 3032 through the first ventilation pipe 307 to drive the wind blade 3032 and the scraper blade rod 3031 to rotate to clean the bottom of the dust filter screen 302.

[0130] The air duct design of the energy-saving heat dissipation mechanism 3 includes a first air duct (symmetrically positioned on the left and right walls of the cabinet, serving as a hot air exhaust channel. It houses a mounting ring 304 that secures a micromotor 305 and exhaust fan 301. A second air duct (bottom): located on the cabinet's bottom wall, serves as a cool air inlet and houses a dust filter 302 to filter dust. A first ventilation duct 307 connects to the right first air duct outlet and extends to the bottom of the dust filter 302, directing a portion of the high-speed airflow toward the blades 3032.

[0131] The micro motor 305 is powered by the inverter 703 and drives the exhaust fan 301 to rotate at high speed, forming forced convection. The exhaust fan 301 is installed in the mounting ring frame 304 and accelerates the air flow through rotation to exhaust hot air. The dust filter screen 302 is fixed to the second air trough to intercept dust and prevent foreign matter from entering the cabinet. The wind blade 3032 of the cleaning rod 303 is driven to rotate by the airflow of the first ventilation pipe 307; the scraper blade rod 3031 is coaxially connected to the wind blade 3032 and scrapes away dust accumulated on the bottom of the dust filter screen 302 as it rotates. The positioning ring seat 306 fixes the rotating shaft of the dust filter screen 302 and the cleaning rod 303 to ensure stable operation.

[0132] By forcibly exhausting the hot air from the left and right first air slots, a continuous airflow cycle is formed. The cleaning rod 303 scrapes away the attached dust during the rotation process to prevent blockage.

[0133] Further, such as Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown, the energy-saving heat dissipation mechanism 3 further includes a water storage tank 308, a water pump 309, a first delivery pipe 310, a second delivery pipe 311, a third delivery pipe 312 and a heat exchange pipe rack 313;

[0134] The water tank 308 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the back of the cabinet 1. The water tank 308 is filled with coolant, and a water pump 309 is fixedly installed on the top of the water tank 308. The back of the water pump 309 is fixedly connected to a first delivery pipe 310. The first delivery pipe 310 is connected to the back of the water tank 308. The top of the water pump 309 is fixedly connected to a second delivery pipe 311.

[0135] The heat exchange tube rack 313 is fixed to the inner left and right walls of the cabinet 1 in an S-shaped structure. The top of the second delivery pipe 311 is connected to one end of the heat exchange tube rack 313, and the other end of the heat exchange tube rack 313 is fixedly connected to the third delivery pipe 312.

[0136] A second ventilation pipe 314 is connected to the other side of the first air duct toward the outside of the cabinet 1;

[0137] The outer side of the third delivery pipe 312 is spirally wound inside the second ventilation pipe 314, and the rear end of the third delivery pipe 312 is connected to the water storage tank 308;

[0138] When the exhaust fan 301 discharges the air in the cabinet 1, the water pump 309 cooperates to suck the coolant from the water tank 308 and sends it to the heat exchange pipe rack 313 to exchange heat. The coolant is then discharged into the second ventilation pipe 314. The spiral structure of the pipe is used to cool the coolant for heat exchange and then flows back to the water tank 308.

[0139] In addition to the air cooling system, the energy-saving heat dissipation mechanism 3 also has a water cooling system. The coolant circulation path is: water tank 308 → first delivery pipe 310 → water pump 309 → second delivery pipe 311 → heat exchange tube rack 313 (heat absorption) → third delivery pipe 312 → spiral pipe (heat dissipation) → water tank 308; among them, the first delivery pipe 310 (water inlet): connects the back of the water pump 309 with the water tank 308 and is used to suck the coolant; the second delivery pipe 311 (water outlet): connects the top of the water pump 309 with the inlet of the heat exchange tube rack 313, and delivers the coolant into the heat exchange tube rack 313; the third delivery pipe 312: connects the outlet of the heat exchange tube rack 313 with the spiral pipe in the second ventilation pipe 314; the second ventilation pipe 314: penetrates the first air trough on the other side, and has a spiral third delivery pipe 312 coiled inside, using the exhaust airflow to cool the heated coolant.

[0140] The heat exchange tube rack 313 is fixed to the left and right walls of the cabinet using an S-shaped structure, maximizing contact with high-temperature areas and increasing the contact area with the heat source, thereby improving heat absorption efficiency. Heat dissipation is achieved through airflow in the spiral ducts, and the high-speed airflow from the exhaust fan 301 enhances convection, further improving heat dissipation efficiency.

[0141] The new design of S-shaped heat absorption + spiral tube heat dissipation significantly improves the thermal management capability of the outdoor cabinet, and achieves efficient use of existing exhaust airflow to cool the coolant.

[0142] The heat in the cabinet is discharged along with the air by using the exhaust fan 301. A ventilation pipe blows the wind blades 3032 and the scraper blade rod 3031 to rotate to clean the bottom of the dust filter screen 302. Then, the water pump 309 sucks the coolant from the water tank 308 and sends it to the heat exchange pipe rack 313 to exchange heat. The coolant is then discharged into another ventilation pipe. After cooling, it is sent back to the water tank 308 for recycling, thereby efficiently saving cooling liquid resources.

[0143] Further, such as Figure 4 As shown, the energy-saving heat dissipation mechanism 3 further includes a temperature sensor 315 to monitor the temperature inside the cabinet 1 and adjust the speed of the micro motor 305 and the power of the water pump 309 in real time.

[0144] Furthermore, the single chip computer module 8 determines the adjustment angle of the photovoltaic panel 204 in the following manner;

[0145] 1) Astronomical algorithm calculates the solar altitude angle α and azimuth angle γ, which are expressed as:

[0146] α=arcsin(sinδsinφ+cosδcosφcosω)

[0147]

[0148] Where δ is the solar declination angle, φ is the local latitude, and ω is the hour angle, which is set to 15° per hour. The adjustment angle of the photovoltaic panel 204 each time is the difference Δα, Δγ between the current sun position and the photovoltaic panel angle;

[0149] 2) Light intensity difference threshold trigger: When the difference in light intensity in all directions of the photovoltaic panel exceeds the set threshold, the trigger angle is adjusted, where the adjustment step is proportional to the light intensity difference:

[0150] Δθ=k×(light intensity difference ratio)

[0151] Where k is the proportional coefficient, which is set according to the lighting conditions;

[0152] 3) PID closed-loop control: The step size is adjusted in real time according to the light intensity error, which is expressed as:

[0153]

[0154] Where e(t) is the light intensity difference between the target and the current light, K p , K i , K d For experimental calibration values, it can achieve fast response to large deviations: when the light intensity difference is greater than 20%, the step length increases to 2° to 5°; for fine adjustment of small deviations: when the light intensity difference is less than 5%, the step length decreases to 0.1° to 0.5°.

[0155] The hour angle ω is approximately 15° per hour and needs to be calibrated according to true solar time (time zone correction + equation of time).

[0156] The triggering process is as follows: the photoresistor detects the difference in light intensity between the left and right sides → the voltage comparator outputs the difference → if it exceeds a threshold (such as 10%), the motor is triggered to adjust.

[0157] Adjustment step Δθ = k × (light intensity difference ratio), where:

[0158] Light intensity difference ratio = (light intensity on the left - light intensity on the right) / average light intensity.

[0159] Proportional coefficient k: When there is sufficient sunlight, every 1% difference corresponds to a 0.1° adjustment. It can be adjusted dynamically (e.g., k = 0.5 on a sunny day, k = 1.0 on a cloudy day).

[0160] K p , K i , K d are proportional term, integral term and differential term respectively, K p Fast response error, the initial value is recommended to be 0.8-1.2; K i Eliminate steady-state error, initial value 0.05-0.1; K d Suppress overshoot, initial value 0.2-0.5.

[0161] Triggered by light intensity difference, PID closed-loop control takes over.

[0162] For environmental adaptability and exception handling, different trigger conditions and adjustment steps are determined according to different scenarios. The specific adjustment methods are shown in the table below:

[0163]

[0164] The angle is intermittently adjusted according to changes in the sun's position, with fine-tuning approximately every 15-30 minutes. Through hierarchical control strategies and dynamic parameter adjustments, efficient tracking of photovoltaic panels can be achieved in complex environments, providing reliable protection for the cabinet's energy self-sufficiency.

[0165] Example 2

[0166] In this embodiment, a set of voltage comparator modules 2051 is provided on each of the four sides of the front face of the mounting slot 203. The input end of each set of voltage comparator modules 2051 is connected to a first photoresistor 2052 and a second photoresistor 2053 that are connected in series and cross-connected. The voltage comparator modules 2051 compare the voltage level differences between the left and right sides and the top and bottom sides of the front face of the mounting slot 203, and then transmit the difference data to the control box. The microcontroller module 8 in the control box determines the position and direction of the stronger light intensity.

[0167] First, the motor drive controller 6 receives the command signal of the corresponding rotation direction and rotation angle from the single chip module 8 to generate a corresponding pulse signal, thereby controlling the rotation angle and rotation direction of the output shaft of the first stepper motor 505. Figure 9 and 10 As shown, the wiring process between the single chip microcomputer module 8, the motor drive controller 6, the rotary encoder and the stepper motor is as follows:

[0168] 1) Connection between MCU and motor drive controller:

[0169] The PUL pin of the motor drive controller is connected to the PWM or GPIO pin of the microcontroller to send step pulses, and its DIR pin is connected to the GPIO pin of the microcontroller to control the direction of the motor (high level is forward, low level is reverse). Ensure that the GND of the microcontroller and the motor drive controller 66 are connected and have a common ground.

[0170] 2) Motor drive controller and stepper motor connection:

[0171] The A+ and A- of the stepper motor are connected to the A-phase output of the motor drive controller, and its B+ and B- are connected to the B-phase output of the controller;

[0172] 3) Connection between rotary encoder and microcontroller:

[0173] VCC: connected to the microcontroller or external power supply;

[0174] GND: Shared ground with the microcontroller;

[0175] Phase A and Phase B: Connect to the two GPIO input pins of the microcontroller respectively.

[0176] Rotary encoder detection principle:

[0177] 1) Direction detection: The phase difference between the A-phase and B-phase signals is 90° (quadrature signal)

[0178] When rotating forward: when phase A is rising, phase B is at a low level; or phase A leads phase B;

[0179] In reverse: when phase A rises, phase B is at a high level; or phase B leads phase A;

[0180] Determine the direction by detecting the edge sequence;

[0181] 2) Speed calculation:

[0182] Pulse counting method: Count the number of pulses per unit time. The calculation formula is:

[0183] Speed (RPM) = number of pulses × 60 / number of pulses per revolution of encoder (PPR) × time (seconds);

[0184] 3) Rotation angle calculation:

[0185] Actual rotation angle = actual number of pulses × 360° / PPR, where PPR is the pulse parameter value set by each encoder to output per rotation.

[0186] The control process is:

[0187] The motor drives the gear structure and uses a rotary encoder to detect the rotation direction and angle of the gear. At this time, the encoder's A and B phases input orthogonal signals to the microcontroller module. By judging the edge sequence of phase A and phase B, the rotation direction of the gear and motor output is determined;

[0188] Similarly, according to the actual number of pulses output by the motor drive controller and the rotation angle calculation formula, the rotation angle of the motor output is analyzed and obtained. Then, the microcontroller detects the output direction and output angle of the motor according to the input signal of the rotary encoder.

[0189] Similarly, if you want to control the output direction and angle of the motor, the microcontroller module determines the adjustment direction and angle of the motor output based on the position and direction of the stronger light intensity, and outputs the corresponding level signal to the motor drive controller, thereby controlling the motor drive controller to output the corresponding number of pulses. For each pulse sent, the motor rotates one step angle to achieve rotation angle control; the motor output direction is changed by adjusting the coil phase excitation sequence.

[0190] At this time, the working process of the first rotary encoder 504 is:

[0191] The first rotary encoder 504 is composed of a code disk, an LED light-emitting diode, a photodiode, and a signal processing circuit. The LED emits a light beam that illuminates the code disk. The code disk is connected to the output shaft of the first stepper motor 505 and the driving gear 503 through a rotating rod structure. By driving the code disk to rotate, the light beam passes through a series of transparent and opaque stripes or holes engraved on the code disk, forming a series of light and dark changes. The photodiode generates a corresponding electrical signal, which is then processed by the signal processing circuit and finally outputs a digital signal or analog signal that meets the requirements. The single-chip microcomputer module 8 determines the rotation direction and speed of the driving gear 503.

[0192] Then, the driving gear 503 engages the transmission rotating gear 501, and the first steering angle sensor 502 detects the rotation direction and rotation angle of the rotating gear 501 and feeds back to the control box, thereby facilitating the precise control of the rotation angle and rotation direction of the turntable 201 and the positioning seat 202, so that the photovoltaic panel 204 moves horizontally in accordance with the sunlight. The working process of the first steering angle sensor 502 is as follows:

[0193] The first steering angle sensor 502 is internally composed of an optical coupling element and a perforated slot plate. The optical coupling element is composed of a light-emitting diode and a photosensitive transistor structure. The perforated slot plate is set in the middle part of the light-emitting diode and the photosensitive transistor. A rotating shaft is connected to the top of the perforated slot plate, and the rotating shaft is coaxially fixed to the bottom of the rotating gear 501. When the rotating gear 501 drives the perforated slot plate to rotate through the rotating shaft, several light-transmitting circular holes opened on the perforated slot plate will transmit the light from the light-emitting diode into the photosensitive transistor. At this time, the photosensitive transistor detects different light signals according to the changes in the light passing through the circular holes on the perforated slot plate to generate corresponding data differential signals. The detected data differential signal is used to calculate the rotation angle and rotation direction of the perforated slot plate through a logic algorithm, that is, the rotation angle and rotation direction data of the rotating gear 501 are obtained.

[0194] Example 3

[0195] In this embodiment, the motor drive controller 6 is first controlled to receive the command signal corresponding to the rotation direction and rotation angle from the single-chip microcomputer module 8 to generate a corresponding pulse signal, thereby controlling the rotation angle and rotation direction of the output shaft of the second stepper motor 401. At this time, the second rotary encoder 408 can be connected to the second stepper motor and the worm 402 structure through the rotating rod structure. After processing by the internal photodiode and signal processing circuit, the rotation direction and rotation angle of the worm 402 are determined;

[0196] Then, the worm gear 403 is engaged with the worm gear 402, thereby driving the threaded screw 404 to adjust the front and rear positions of the slide 405. The slide 405 drives the support arm 406 to change the support angle and adjust the vertical upward angle of the photovoltaic panel 204. At this time, the mounting slot frame 203 is rotated by the bearing rod 407 at the bottom. The bearing rod 407 drives the rotating shaft inside the second steering angle sensor 409, and the rotating shaft drives the perforated slot plate to rotate to generate a corresponding data differential signal. The rotation angle and rotation direction of the perforated slot plate are calculated by the detected data differential signal, that is, the rotation angle and rotation direction data of the bearing rod 407 are obtained.

[0197] Example 4

[0198] In this embodiment, the stored DC power is converted into AC power by the inverter 703 to power components such as the cabinet 1, the micro motor 305, and the water pump 309. The micro motor 305 drives the exhaust fan 301 to exhaust the air inside the cabinet into the ventilation ducts on the left and right sides. At this time, due to the principle of air pressure balance, the outside cold air will enter the cabinet through the dust filter 302, thereby accelerating the heat exchange efficiency.

[0199] A high-speed airflow is blown toward one side of the wind blade 3032 through one of the ventilation pipes. The wind blade 3032 drives the scraper blade rod 3031 to rotate and clean the bottom of the dust filter screen 302, thereby preventing the dust filter screen 302 from being blocked by the filtered dust and affecting the air flow.

[0200] The coolant in the water tank 308 is fed into the heat exchange tube rack 313 via the water pump 309 through the first delivery pipe 310 and the second delivery pipe 311. The heat exchange tube rack 313 is installed on the inner left and right walls of the cabinet 1 in an S-shaped structure. The heat exchange tube rack 313 made of aluminum quickly exchanges heat with the inner wall of the cabinet. The coolant after heat exchange flows through the inner wall of another ventilation pipe through the third delivery pipe 312. At this time, the third delivery pipe 312 has a spiral structure, which can slow down the flow rate of the coolant and increase the heat dissipation time. The high-speed airflow in the other ventilation pipe is used to quickly remove the heat from the third delivery pipe 312, and the cooled coolant flows back to the water tank 308, thereby ensuring the recycling of coolant resources.

[0201] Example 5

[0202] In this embodiment, the circuit principle of the photosensitive element 205 is as follows: Figure 5As shown, two voltage comparator modules 2051 are formed by combining the dual operational amplifier LM358 with R1 and R2, and the dual operational amplifier LM358 with R3 and R4, with a reference voltage of half of VDD (+12V). The first photoresistors 2052 are RT1 and RT2 and are connected to the potentiometer RP1, and the second photoresistors 2053 are RT3 and RT4 and are connected to the potentiometer RP2 to form light sensing circuits, which can automatically compensate according to the intensity of the ambient light.

[0203] A first photoresistor 2052 and a second photoresistor 2053 are provided on the left and right sides and the upper and lower sides of the mounting slot 203. When RT1, RT2, RT3 and RT4 are simultaneously exposed to ambient natural light, the center point voltage of RP1 and RP2 remains unchanged. When RT1 and RT2 are exposed to sunlight, the internal resistance of RT1 decreases, the pin potential of LM358 increases, the pin outputs a high level, the transistor VT1 is saturated and the relay K1 is turned on, its changeover contact 3 and contact 1 are closed, and at the same time, the internal resistance of RT2 decreases, the pin potential of LM358 decreases, K2 does not operate, its changeover contact 3 and static contact 2 are closed, and the motor M is controlled to rotate forward. Similarly, when RT3 and RT4 are exposed to sunlight, the relay K2 is turned on and K1 is disconnected, and the motor M is controlled to rotate reversely.

[0204] When the illumination on both sides of the mounting trough 203 is the same, relays K1 and K2 are both turned on, controlling the motor M to stop. Therefore, as the sun continuously shifts throughout the day, the illumination on the left and right sides of the mounting trough 203 continuously alternates. By controlling the forward and reverse rotation of the motors, the photovoltaic panels 204 are always facing the sun, thereby ensuring a high power generation efficiency. The motors M comprise a first stepper motor 505 and a second stepper motor 401. The first stepper motor 505 adjusts the horizontal angle between the turntable 201 and the photovoltaic panels 204, while the second stepper motor 401 adjusts the vertical angle of the photovoltaic panels 204, ensuring that the light intensity received by the surfaces of the photovoltaic panels 204 is equal.

[0205] The process of determining the adjustment angle of the photovoltaic panel 204 is as follows:

[0206] 1) Astronomical algorithm calculates the solar altitude angle α and azimuth angle γ, which are expressed as:

[0207] α=arcsin(sinδsinφ+cosδcosφcosω)

[0208]

[0209] Where δ is the solar declination angle, φ is the local latitude, ω is the hour angle (approximately 15° per hour), and the angle is adjusted each time by the difference Δα, Δγ between the current solar position and the photovoltaic panel angle;

[0210] 2) Light intensity difference threshold trigger: When the difference in light intensity in all directions of the photovoltaic panel exceeds the set threshold, the trigger angle is adjusted, where the adjustment step is proportional to the light intensity difference:

[0211] Δθ=k×(light intensity difference ratio)

[0212] Where k is the proportional coefficient (when there is sufficient light, every 1% difference corresponds to a 0.1° adjustment);

[0213] 3) PID closed-loop control (sensor feedback): The step size is adjusted in real time according to the light intensity error, expressed as:

[0214] Where e(t) is the light intensity difference between the target and the current light, K p , K i , K d is the experimental calibration value;

[0215] Fast response to large deviation: when the light intensity difference is greater than 20%, the step length increases to 2°~5°; fine adjustment of small deviation: when the light intensity difference is less than 5%, the step length decreases to 0.1°~0.5°;

[0216]

[0217] In summary, the working principles of the energy-saving device and energy-saving method of the 5G outdoor cabinet are as follows:

[0218] A set of voltage comparator modules 2051 is provided on each of the four front sides of the mounting slot 203. The input end of each set of voltage comparator modules 2051 is connected to a first photoresistor 2052 and a second photoresistor 2053 connected in series and cross-connected. The first photoresistor 2052 serves as the upper bias resistor of the voltage comparator module 2051 to detect sunlight exposure, while the second photoresistor 2053 serves as the lower bias resistor to detect ambient light exposure. The comparison level at the left and right, as well as the upper and lower input ends of the voltage comparator modules 2051 is always the difference between sunlight exposure and ambient light exposure.

[0219] A light-controlled comparator structure is formed by two left and right groups and two upper and lower groups of first photoresistors 2052 and second photoresistors 2053, as well as two left and right groups and two upper and lower groups of voltage comparator modules 2051 to detect changes in light intensity and light position in different time periods. The comparison levels of the two left and right groups and the two upper and lower groups of voltage comparator modules 2051 are transmitted to the control box, and the position and direction of the stronger light intensity are determined by the single-chip microcomputer module 8. Then, the single-chip microcomputer module 8 sends a rotation direction and rotation angle instruction signal to the first rotary encoder 504, which is then received by the motor drive controller 6 to generate a corresponding pulse signal, thereby controlling the rotation angle and rotation direction of the output shaft of the first stepper motor 505, so as to control the driving gear 503 to mesh with the transmission rotating gear 501, and further control the rotation angle and rotation direction of the turntable 201 and the positioning seat 202, thereby adjusting the sunlight following movement of the photovoltaic panel 204 in the horizontal direction;

[0220] The single-chip microcomputer module 8 sends a command signal of the rotation direction and rotation angle to the second rotary encoder 408, which is then received by the motor drive controller 6 to generate a corresponding pulse signal, thereby controlling the rotation angle and rotation direction of the output shaft of the second stepper motor 401, thereby driving the worm 402 to engage the transmission worm wheel 403, and the threaded screw 404 to adjust the slide 405 to slide back and forth. By changing the support angle of the support arm 406, the vertical angle of the photovoltaic panel 204 is adjusted, thereby ensuring that sunlight can be evenly irradiated on the photovoltaic panel 204 throughout the day. The photovoltaic panel 204 converts light energy into electrical energy, and the electrical energy is stored in the battery pack 704 under the control of the solar controller 702;

[0221] The stored DC power is converted into AC power by the inverter 703 to power the cabinet 1, the micro motor 305, the water pump 309 and other components. The micro motor 305 then drives the exhaust fan 301, allowing cold air from the outside to enter through the second air duct on the bottom wall of the cabinet 1, carrying the air inside the cabinet and then being discharged through the first air duct to accelerate the heat exchange rate. A portion of the high-speed air is then sent to the fan blades 3032 through one of the ventilation pipes, driving the fan blades 3032 and the scraper blade rods 3031 to rotate and clean the bottom of the dust filter screen 302.

[0222] At the same time, the water pump 309 sucks the coolant from the water tank 308 and sends it into the heat exchange pipe rack 313 to exchange heat, and then discharges it into another ventilation pipe. The spiral structure of the pipe is used to cool the heat exchange coolant, and then it flows back to the water tank 308 for recycling, thereby efficiently saving cooling liquid resources.

[0223] A sixth embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a photovoltaic energy-saving method for an outdoor cabinet, which is implemented based on any of the above-mentioned photovoltaic energy-saving devices for the outdoor cabinet. The method includes:

[0224] S101: The photovoltaic panel 204 disposed on the top of the cabinet 1 absorbs light energy and converts it into electrical energy;

[0225] S102: The electrical signal value generated by sunlight is obtained by respectively setting the photosensitive elements 205 on the left and right sides of the front of the installation slot frame 203, and the electrical signal value is input into the single-chip computer module 8. The single-chip computer module 8 determines the position and direction where the light intensity is stronger in the horizontal direction by comparing the electrical signal difference caused by the difference in the intensity of sunlight irradiated by the photosensitive elements 205 on the left and right sides of the front of the installation slot frame 203, and generates a horizontal rotation control signal to be sent to the motor drive controller 6. The motor drive controller 6 controls the first stepper motor 505 to drive the rotating gear 501 to rotate according to the horizontal rotation control signal of the single-chip computer module 8, thereby controlling the horizontal rotation mechanism 2 to rotate horizontally on the cabinet body 1, and driving the photovoltaic panel 204 to rotate in the horizontal direction, so that the photovoltaic panel 204 rotates to a position where the light on the left and right sides is balanced.

[0226] Furthermore, the method further comprises:

[0227] The single-chip computer module 8 determines the position and direction where the light intensity is stronger in the vertical direction by comparing the difference in electrical signals caused by the difference in the intensity of the sunlight emitted by the photosensitive elements 205 on the upper and lower sides of the front of the mounting slot frame 203, and generates a support angle adjustment signal and sends it to the motor drive controller 6. The motor drive controller 6 controls the second stepper motor 401 to drive the worm 402 to rotate according to the support angle adjustment signal of the single-chip computer, thereby driving the threaded screw 404 to rotate through the worm gear 403, causing the slide 405 to slide along the threaded screw 404, thereby driving the support arm 406 to swing at an angle, thereby adjusting the support angle of the photovoltaic panel 204.

[0228] Furthermore, the method further comprises:

[0229] The first rotary encoder 504 generates a corresponding signal according to the rotation of the driving gear 503 and transmits it to the single-chip microcomputer module 8, which determines the rotation direction and rotation angle of the driving gear 503;

[0230] The rotation direction and rotation angle of the rotation gear 501 are detected by the first steering angle sensor 502 .

[0231] Furthermore, the method further comprises:

[0232] The second rotary encoder 408 generates a corresponding signal according to the rotation of the rotating rod driven by the worm 402 and transmits it to the single-chip microcomputer module 8, which determines the rotation direction and rotation angle of the worm 402;

[0233] The rotation direction and rotation angle of the bearing rod 407 are detected by the second steering angle sensor 409 .

[0234] Furthermore, the method also includes

[0235] The single chip computer module 8 determines the position and direction where the sunlight intensity is stronger by receiving the difference in comparison levels of the voltage comparator modules 2051 on the left and right sides of the installation slot frame 203 and the difference in comparison levels of the voltage comparator modules 2051 on the upper and lower sides of the installation slot frame 203.

[0236] Furthermore, the method further comprises:

[0237] After the photovoltaic panel 204 absorbs light energy and converts it into electrical energy, the solar controller 702 is used to store the converted electrical energy in the battery pack 704, and then converted into AC electrical energy through the inverter 703 to provide self-sufficient energy for the cabinet body 1.

[0238] Furthermore, the method further comprises:

[0239] The exhaust fan 301 is driven by a micro motor 305, so that external cold air enters from the second air slot on the bottom wall of the cabinet body 1, carries the air inside the cabinet and is discharged through the first air slot to speed up the heat exchange rate. Then, a portion of the high-speed air is sent to the wind blade 3032 through the first ventilation pipe 307 to drive the wind blade 3032 and the scraper blade rod 3031 to rotate to clean the bottom of the dust filter screen 302.

[0240] Furthermore, the method further comprises:

[0241] When the exhaust fan 301 discharges the air in the cabinet 1, the water pump 309 cooperates to suck the coolant from the water tank 308 and sends it to the heat exchange pipe rack 313 to exchange heat. The coolant is then discharged into the second ventilation pipe 314. The spiral structure of the pipe is used to cool the coolant for heat exchange and then flows back to the water tank 308.

[0242] Furthermore, the single chip computer module 8 determines the adjustment angle of the photovoltaic panel 204 in the following manner;

[0243] 1) Astronomical algorithm calculates the solar altitude angle α and azimuth angle γ, which are expressed as:

[0244] α=arcsin(sinδsinφ+cosδcosφcosω)

[0245]

[0246] Where δ is the solar declination angle, φ is the local latitude, and ω is the hour angle, which is set to 15° per hour. The adjustment angle of the photovoltaic panel each time is the difference Δα, Δγ between the current sun position and the angle of the photovoltaic panel 204;

[0247] 2) Light intensity difference threshold trigger: When the difference in light intensity in all directions of the photovoltaic panel exceeds the set threshold, the trigger angle is adjusted, where the adjustment step is proportional to the light intensity difference:

[0248] Δθ=k×(light intensity difference ratio)

[0249] Where k is the proportional coefficient, which is set according to the lighting conditions;

[0250] 3) PID closed-loop control: The step size is adjusted in real time according to the light intensity error, which is expressed as:

[0251]

[0252] Where e(t) is the light intensity difference between the target and the current light, K p , K i , K d For experimental calibration values, it can achieve fast response to large deviations: when the light intensity difference is greater than 20%, the step length increases to 2° to 5°; for fine adjustment of small deviations: when the light intensity difference is less than 5%, the step length decreases to 0.1° to 0.5°.

[0253] The seventh embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a photovoltaic energy-saving method for an outdoor cabinet, comprising:

[0254] S1. A photovoltaic power generation system is set on the top of the cabinet 1. The photovoltaic panels 204 absorb light energy and convert it into electrical energy. The solar controller 702 stores the converted electrical energy in the battery pack 704. The solar controller 702 then converts the converted electrical energy into AC power through the inverter 703, which is then used to power the cabinet 1.

[0255] S2. Voltage comparator modules 2051 are installed on all four sides of the front of the mounting trough 203. First photoresistors 2052 and second photoresistors 2053 within the left and top voltage comparator modules 2051 detect changes in the intensity of light incident on the mounting trough 203 as the sun's position changes. By comparing the voltage ratios of the left and top voltage comparator modules 2051, resulting from the light intensity difference, the position and direction of the sunlight are determined.

[0256] S3. The voltage ratio data is transmitted to the internal microcontroller module 8 of the control box, and the microcontroller module 8 sends a signal instruction to the first rotary encoder 504 and the second rotary encoder 408, respectively, and the first rotary encoder 504 and the second rotary encoder 408 generate corresponding pulse signals to control the speed and rotation direction of the first stepper motor 505 and the second stepper motor 401, respectively;

[0257] S4. The first stepper motor 505 controls the horizontal rotation angle and direction of the positioning base 202 and the turntable 201 by driving the driving gear 503 and the rotating gear 501. The second stepper motor 401 drives the worm 402, which in turn drives the worm gear 403 on the lead screw 404, causing the slide 405 to move back and forth and adjusting the tilt of the support arm 406. This adjusts the vertical tilt angle of the mounting trough 203, ensuring that the mounting trough 203 follows the sunlight throughout the day, maintaining high power generation efficiency.

[0258] S5. The stored electrical energy is used to power the micro motor 305, which rapidly draws air from the cabinet 1, allowing cooler air to enter the cabinet through the dust filter 302, thereby accelerating the air exchange rate. The exhausted air then blows the fan blades 3032 through one of the ventilation pipes, driving the scraper blades 3031 to clean the dust on the dust filter 302. At the same time, the water pump 309 is activated to deliver the coolant to the heat exchange tube rack 313. The coolant after heat exchange is then delivered to another ventilation pipe for cooling, and then flows back to the water storage tank 308 for recycling, thus saving cooling resources.

[0259] The photovoltaic energy-saving method for the outdoor cabinet in the embodiment of the present disclosure is implemented based on the photovoltaic energy-saving device for the outdoor cabinet in the aforementioned device embodiment, so the description is relatively simple. For details, please refer to the relevant description in the aforementioned system embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0260] It is understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments for illustrating the principles of the present disclosure, and the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit and substance of the present disclosure, and such modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic energy-saving device for an outdoor cabinet, characterized in that: The device comprises a cabinet body (1) and a photovoltaic energy-saving mechanism; The photovoltaic energy-saving mechanism comprises a single-chip microcomputer module (8), a motor drive controller (6), a horizontal rotation mechanism (2) and a horizontal drive member (5); The horizontal rotation mechanism (2) is arranged outside the cabinet (1), and comprises a turntable (201), a positioning seat (202), a mounting slot frame (203), a photovoltaic cell panel (204), and a photosensitive element (205); the single-chip computer module (8) is electrically connected to the photosensitive element (205) and the motor drive controller (6), respectively; the turntable (201) is rotatably connected to the top of the cabinet (1); the positioning seat (202) is fixedly mounted on the top of the turntable (201); the mounting slot frame (203) is mounted on the positioning seat (202); the photovoltaic cell panel (204) is fixedly mounted on the inner side of the mounting slot frame (203); and the photosensitive elements (205) are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the front of the mounting slot frame (203); The horizontal driving member (5) is arranged inside the cabinet (1), and comprises a first stepper motor (505) and a rotating gear (501). The rotating gear (501) is rotatably connected to the top of the cabinet (1), and the top and the bottom of the turntable (201) are coaxially fixed. The first stepper motor (505) is electrically connected to the motor drive controller (6). The single chip microcomputer module (8) compares the electrical signals caused by the difference in the intensity of the sunlight irradiated by the photosensitive elements (205) on the left and right sides of the front of the mounting slot frame (203). The difference is used to determine the position and direction where the light intensity is stronger in the horizontal direction, and a horizontal rotation control signal is generated and sent to the motor drive controller (6). The motor drive controller (6) controls the first stepper motor (505) to drive the rotating gear (501) to rotate according to the horizontal rotation control signal of the single chip microcomputer module (8), thereby controlling the horizontal rotation mechanism (2) to rotate horizontally on the cabinet body (1), and driving the photovoltaic cell panel (204) to rotate in the horizontal direction, so that the photovoltaic cell panel (204) rotates to a position where the light on the left and right sides is balanced.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The device further comprises a vertical angle adjustment mechanism (4), wherein the vertical angle adjustment mechanism (4) comprises a second stepping motor (401), a worm (402), a worm wheel (403), a threaded screw (404), a slide (405), a support arm (406) and a bearing rod (407); The bearing rod (407) is rotatably mounted on one end of the positioning seat (202) close to the outside of the cabinet (1); the bottom of the mounting slot frame (203) is fixedly connected to the outside of the bearing rod (407); the worm (402) is rotatably mounted on the other end of the positioning seat (202); the worm (402) is connected to the second stepping motor (401) and can rotate under the drive of the second stepping motor (401); and two mutually parallel worms are rotatably connected on the inner side of the positioning seat (202). A threaded screw (404) is arranged in a row and is perpendicular to the worm (402); a worm wheel (403) is coaxially fixed to the outer side of one end of the threaded screw (404) close to the worm (402); the worm wheel (403) is meshed with the outer side of the worm (402) for transmission; the external threads of the two threaded screws (404) are connected to a slide (405); the top of the slide (405) is hinged to a support arm (406); the top of the support arm (406) is hinged to the back side of the mounting slot frame (203); The second stepper motor (401) is electrically connected to the motor drive controller (6). The upper and lower sides of the front surface of the mounting slot frame (203) are respectively provided with photosensitive elements (205). The single-chip computer module (8) also determines the position and direction where the light intensity is stronger in the vertical direction by comparing the difference in electrical signals caused by the difference in the intensity of the sunlight irradiated by the photosensitive elements (205) on the upper and lower sides of the front surface of the mounting slot frame (203), and generates a support angle adjustment signal and sends it to the motor drive controller (6). The motor drive controller (6) controls the second stepper motor (401) to drive the worm (402) to rotate according to the support angle adjustment signal of the single-chip computer, thereby driving the threaded screw (404) to rotate through the worm gear (403), causing the slide (405) to slide along the threaded screw (404), thereby driving the support arm (406) to swing and change the angle, thereby adjusting the support angle for the photovoltaic cell panel (204).

3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The horizontal driving member (5) further comprises a tank box (506), a driving gear (503), a first steering angle sensor (502) and a first rotary encoder (504); The tank box (506) is fixedly connected to the inner top wall of the cabinet body (1), the rotating gear (501) is arranged in the tank box (506), and the first stepper motor (505) is fixedly installed on the inner bottom wall of the tank box (506); The first steering angle sensor (502) is fixedly mounted on the inner bottom wall of the tank (506); the top of the first steering angle sensor (502) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the rotating gear (501); and the driving gear (503) is meshed with one side of the rotating gear (501) for transmission; The bottom of the first rotary encoder (504) is rotatably connected to the output end of the first stepper motor (505), and the top is rotatably connected to the bottom of the driving gear (503); The first rotary encoder (504) is electrically connected to the single-chip microcomputer module (8), and has a rotating rod structure connected to the output shaft of the first stepper motor (505) and the driving gear (503). It can generate a corresponding signal according to the rotation of the rotating rod and transmit it to the single-chip microcomputer module (8), and the single-chip microcomputer module (8) determines the rotation direction and rotation angle of the driving gear (503); The first steering angle sensor (502) has a rotating shaft coaxially fixed to the bottom of the rotating gear (501) and is used to detect the rotation direction and rotation angle of the rotating gear (501).

4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that The vertical angle adjustment mechanism (4) further includes a second rotary encoder (408) and a second steering angle sensor (409); The second rotary encoder (408) is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the positioning seat (202) and is arranged between the second stepping motor (401) and the worm (402), and is connected to the second stepping motor (401) and the worm (402) via a rotating rod structure. The second rotary encoder (408) is electrically connected to the single-chip microcomputer module (8), and can generate a corresponding signal according to the rotation of the rotating rod and transmit it to the single-chip microcomputer module (8), and the single-chip microcomputer module (8) determines the rotation direction and rotation angle of the worm (402); The second steering angle sensor (409) is fixedly mounted on one side of the positioning seat (202) and connected to one end of the bearing rod (407). It has a rotating shaft coaxially fixed with the bearing rod (407) and is used to detect the rotation direction and rotation angle of the bearing rod (407).

5. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that The photosensitive element (205) comprises a voltage comparator module (2051), a first photoresistor (2052), and a second photoresistor (2053); the input end of each group of voltage comparator modules (2051) is connected to the first photoresistor (2052) and the second photoresistor (2053) connected in series and cross-combined; the first photoresistor (2052) serves as an upper bias resistor of the voltage comparator module (2051) for detecting sunlight; the second photoresistor (2053) serves as a lower bias resistor for detecting ambient light; and the comparison level of the input end of each voltage comparator module (2051) on the left and right sides and the upper and lower sides of the mounting slot frame (203) is always the difference between sunlight and ambient light. The single chip computer module (8) determines the position and direction where the sunlight intensity is stronger by receiving the difference between the comparison levels of the voltage comparator modules (2051) on the left and right sides of the installation slot frame (203) and the difference between the comparison levels of the voltage comparator modules (2051) on the upper and lower sides of the installation slot frame (203).

6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The device also includes an energy storage component (7); The energy storage assembly (7) is arranged on the top of the back of the cabinet (1), and comprises an energy storage box (701), a solar controller (702), an inverter (703) and a battery pack (704); The energy storage box (701) is fixedly connected to the back of the cabinet (1); a solar controller (702) is fixedly installed on the inner top wall of the energy storage box (701); the solar controller (702) is electrically connected to the photovoltaic panel (204); an inverter (703) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the energy storage box (701); and a battery pack (704) is fixedly installed on the inner bottom wall of the energy storage box (701); After the photovoltaic panel (204) absorbs light energy and converts it into electrical energy, the energy storage component (7) uses a solar controller (702) to store the converted electrical energy in a battery pack (704), and then converts it into AC electrical energy through an inverter (703) to provide self-sufficient energy for the cabinet (1).

7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that The device also includes an energy-saving heat dissipation mechanism (3); The energy-saving heat dissipation mechanism (3) comprises an exhaust fan (301), a mounting ring frame (304), a micro motor (305), a first ventilation pipe (307), a dust filter screen (302), a cleaning rod (303), and a positioning ring seat (306); The inner left wall and the inner right wall of the cabinet body (1) are both provided with mutually symmetrical first air ducts, the inner sides of the two first air ducts are both fixedly connected with mounting ring frames (304), the two mounting ring frames (304) are both fixedly installed with micro motors (305) on the side facing the inside of the cabinet body (1), the two micro motors (305) are both electrically connected to the inverter (703), and the exhaust fan (301) is movably installed in the mounting ring frame (304) and is respectively fixedly connected to the output ends of the two micro motors (305); The inner bottom wall of the cabinet body (1) is provided with a second air trough, the dust filter screen plate (302) is fixedly mounted at the second air trough of the inner bottom wall of the cabinet body (1), the bottom of the dust filter screen plate (302) is fixedly connected to a positioning ring seat (306), the inner side of the dust filter screen plate (302) is rotatably connected to a cleaning rod (303), the cleaning rod (303) comprises a scraper blade rod (3031) rotatably connected to the inner side of the positioning ring seat (306), and the bottom of the scraper blade rod (3031) is fixedly connected to a wind blade (3032); A first ventilation pipe (307) is connected to one side of one of the first air slots toward the outside of the cabinet (1), and the other end of the bottom of the first ventilation pipe (307) is close to one side of the wind blade (3032); The exhaust fan (301) is driven by a micro motor (305), so that external cold air enters from the second air slot on the bottom wall of the cabinet body (1), carries the air inside the cabinet and is discharged through the first air slot to accelerate the heat exchange rate. Then, a portion of the high-speed air is sent to the wind blade (3032) through the first ventilation pipe (307), so as to drive the wind blade (3032) and the scraper blade rod (3031) to rotate to clean the bottom of the dust filter screen (302).

8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that The energy-saving heat dissipation mechanism (3) further includes a water storage tank (308), a water pump (309), a first delivery pipe (310), a second delivery pipe (311), a third delivery pipe (312) and a heat exchange pipe rack (313); The water tank (308) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the back of the cabinet (1), the water tank (308) is filled with cooling liquid, and a water pump (309) is fixedly installed on the top of the water tank (308), the back of the water pump (309) is fixedly connected to a first delivery pipe (310), the first delivery pipe (310) is connected to the back of the water tank (308), and the top of the water pump (309) is fixedly connected to a second delivery pipe (311); The heat exchange tube rack (313) is fixed to the inner left wall and the inner right wall of the cabinet (1) in an S-shaped structure; the top of the second delivery pipe (311) is connected to one end of the heat exchange tube rack (313); and the other end of the heat exchange tube rack (313) is fixedly connected to the third delivery pipe (312); A second ventilation pipe (314) is connected to the other side of the first air duct facing the outside of the cabinet (1); The outer side of the third delivery pipe (312) is spirally wound inside the second ventilation pipe (314), and the rear end of the third delivery pipe (312) is connected to the water storage tank (308); When the exhaust fan (301) exhausts the air in the cabinet (1), the water pump (309) cooperates to suck the coolant from the water tank (308), sends it into the heat exchange pipe rack (313) to exchange heat, and then discharges it into the second ventilation pipe (314). The spiral structure of the pipe is used to cool the heat exchange coolant, and then it flows back to the water tank (308).

9. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that The single chip computer module (8) determines the adjustment angle of the photovoltaic panel in the following manner; 1) Astronomical algorithm calculates the solar altitude angle α and azimuth angle γ, which are expressed as: α=arcsin(sinδsinφ+cosδcosφcosω) Where δ is the solar declination angle, φ is the local latitude, and ω is the hour angle, which is set to 15° per hour. The adjustment angle of the photovoltaic panel each time is the difference between the current sun position and the photovoltaic panel angle Δα, Δγ; 2) Light intensity difference threshold trigger: When the difference in light intensity in all directions of the photovoltaic panel exceeds the set threshold, the trigger angle is adjusted, where the adjustment step is proportional to the light intensity difference: Δθ=k×(light intensity difference ratio) Where k is the proportional coefficient, which is set according to the lighting conditions; 3) PID closed-loop control: The step size is adjusted in real time according to the light intensity error, which is expressed as: Where e(t) is the light intensity difference between the target and the current light, K p , K i , K d For experimental calibration values, it can achieve fast response to large deviations: when the light intensity difference is greater than 20%, the step length increases to 2° to 5°; for fine adjustment of small deviations: when the light intensity difference is less than 5%, the step length decreases to 0.1° to 0.5°.

10. A photovoltaic energy-saving method for an outdoor cabinet, characterized in that: Based on the implementation of the photovoltaic energy-saving device of the outdoor cabinet according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the method includes: The photovoltaic panel (204) arranged on the top of the cabinet (1) absorbs light energy and converts it into electrical energy; The electric signal value generated by sunlight is obtained by photosensitive elements (205) respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the front of the mounting slot frame (203), and the electric signal value is input into the single-chip microcomputer module (8). The single-chip microcomputer module (8) determines the position and direction of the stronger light intensity in the horizontal direction by comparing the electric signal difference caused by the difference in the intensity of sunlight irradiated by the photosensitive elements (205) on the left and right sides of the front of the mounting slot frame (203), and generates a horizontal rotation control signal and sends it to the motor drive controller (6). The motor drive controller (6) controls the first stepper motor (505) to drive the rotating gear (501) to rotate according to the horizontal rotation control signal of the single-chip microcomputer module (8), thereby controlling the horizontal rotation mechanism (2) to rotate horizontally on the cabinet body (1), and driving the photovoltaic cell panel (204) to rotate in the horizontal direction, so that the photovoltaic cell panel (204) rotates to a position where the light intensity on the left and right sides is balanced.

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