Loess slope unmanned aerial vehicle ecological restoration method and system based on water-retaining agent blending

Abstract

The invention provides a loess slope unmanned aerial vehicle ecological restoration method and system based on water-retaining agent blending, and the method comprises the steps: preparing a composite water-retaining agent from sodium polyacrylate and biochar, coating grass seeds with a double-layer coating, and mixing the composite water-retaining agent, the coated grass seeds and a fertilizer to form a mixed matrix; a bio-based binder is sown in a to-be-sown area of a wind power plant slope and a photovoltaic power station, and a pre-sown area is obtained; when the pre-sowing area is a side slope, sowing the mixed matrix in a side slope mode of an unmanned aerial vehicle self-adaptive sowing mechanism; when the pre-sowing area is the flat ground, sowing the mixed matrix in a flat ground mode of an unmanned aerial vehicle self-adaptive sowing mechanism; after the sowing of the mixed matrix is completed, the microbial agent is additionally sprayed, the stress resistance of plants is improved, and the grass seed sowing success rate is effectively improved through the water retention of the grass seeds and the sowing control of the grass seeds according to conditions, so that the ecological restoration of the wind power plant land is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, and in particular to a loess slope UAV ecological restoration method and system based on water-retaining agent blending. Background Art

[0002] The Loess Plateau region has an arid climate and poor soil water retention. Wind farms are located across vast areas, and some large wind farms have extensive exposed slopes, often with gravel surfaces. Consequently, when grass seed is sown, the special slope topography hinders water retention, resulting in a low grass seed survival rate.

[0003] Therefore, how to improve the success rate of grass seed sowing in loess slope areas has become a technical problem that technical personnel in this field urgently need to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a loess slope UAV ecological restoration method and system based on water-retaining agent blending, which is used to solve the defect of low grass seed sowing success rate in loess slope areas in the prior art.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a loess slope ecological restoration method using drones based on water-retaining agent blending, comprising: Sodium polyacrylate and biochar are used to prepare a composite water-retaining agent, grass seeds are coated with a double-layer coating, and the composite water-retaining agent, the coated grass seeds and fertilizer are mixed to form a mixed matrix; Spreading bio-based binder on the slopes of the wind farm and the areas to be sown at the photovoltaic power station to obtain pre-seeding areas; When the pre-spreading area is a slope, the mixed matrix is spread in a slope mode by the self-adaptive spreading mechanism of the UAV; When the pre-spreading area is flat land, the mixed matrix is spread in a flat land mode using the self-adaptive spreading mechanism of the drone; After the mixed matrix is spread, additional microbial agents are sprayed to enhance the stress resistance of the plants.

[0006] According to the present invention, a loess slope UAV ecological restoration method based on water-retaining agent blending is provided, wherein the double-layer coating is used to coat the grass seeds, comprising: A water-retaining agent is added to the inner layer to form a water-retaining layer surrounding the grass seeds, providing moisture for the grass seeds to germinate; A hydroxypropyl methylcellulose adhesive layer is provided on the outer layer to prevent the grass seeds from falling off during transportation and sowing.

[0007] According to the present invention, a loess slope ecological restoration method using drones based on water-retaining agent blending is provided, after obtaining the pre-seeding area, further comprising: Scanning the terrain of the pre-seeding area using a multispectral camera to determine a vegetation index; The pre-seeding area is determined to be a slope or flat land according to the vegetation index.

[0008] According to a loess slope ecological restoration method using drones based on water-retaining agent blending provided by the present invention, the method of determining whether the pre-seeding area is a slope or flat land by using the vegetation index comprises: After pre-processing the vegetation index, a correlation model between the vegetation index and the terrain slope is constructed in combination with the terrain elevation data of the pre-seeding area; Analyzing the relationship between the vegetation index and the terrain slope of each sampling point in the pre-seeding area using the correlation model to determine the terrain slope value of each sampling point; The area where the sampling points whose terrain slope values are greater than or equal to a preset slope threshold are located is determined to be a slope, and the area where the sampling points whose terrain slope values are less than the threshold are located is determined to be flat land.

[0009] According to a loess slope ecological restoration method using a drone based on water-retaining agent blending provided by the present invention, the method of spreading the mixed matrix in a slope pattern using a drone adaptive spreading mechanism includes: spreading the mixed matrix in a high-pressure cyclone spraying manner; The method of spreading the mixed matrix on the flat ground using the self-adaptive spreading mechanism of the UAV includes spreading the mixed matrix using a centrifugal disc spreading method.

[0010] According to the present invention, a loess slope ecological restoration method using drones based on water-retaining agent blending is provided, wherein the mixed matrix is spread by high-pressure cyclone spraying, comprising: The terrain data of the slope is transmitted to the control system of the UAV, and the control system analyzes and processes the terrain data according to a preset algorithm to determine the terrain characteristics of different areas of the slope; Controlling the adaptive spreading mechanism of the UAV to automatically adjust spreading parameters according to the terrain characteristics, wherein the spreading parameters include spreading angle, spreading speed and spreading amount; When the spreading mechanism is at different positions on the slope, the spreading angle is dynamically adjusted by real-time monitoring of the terrain information at the current position; Adaptively adjust the sowing speed according to the slope of different areas of the slope.

[0011] According to the present invention, a loess slope ecological restoration method using drones based on water-retaining agent blending is provided, wherein the mixed matrix is spread using a centrifugal disc spreader, comprising: Acquire multi-dimensional data consisting of soil fertility, moisture content, and compactness on flat land, and simultaneously obtain surface microtopography data through high-definition aerial photography; Based on the multidimensional data and the surface microtopography data, a three-dimensional model of fertility, soil moisture and topography is generated for the flatland sowing area, and sub-areas are divided according to different sowing strategies; The drone is controlled to dynamically adjust the mixing ratio of the mixed matrix based on the three-dimensional model data. For sub-areas with poor soil, the fertilizer spreading amount is increased through a pulsed quantitative delivery device, while the water retaining agent ratio is increased to enhance water retention capacity. In areas with low soil moisture content, a double-helix stirring mixing chamber is activated to increase the contact area between the water retaining agent and the soil, and the grass seed sowing speed is simultaneously reduced to match the moisture conditions. This completes the sowing of the mixed matrix on flat ground.

[0012] According to the present invention, a loess slope ecological restoration method using drones based on water-retaining agent blending is provided, wherein the additional spraying of microbial agents comprises: Divide the slope into at least three spraying areas according to the different altitudes, and increase the spraying concentration of microbial agents from top to bottom; The microbial agent contains a complex bacterial community of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and the number of live bacteria of each bacterial community is compounded according to a specific ratio; at the same time, a protective agent is sprayed simultaneously when spraying the microbial agent. The protective agent is a natural high molecular polymer solution, and its concentration range can effectively improve the survival rate of microorganisms in the loess slope environment.

[0013] According to the present invention, a method for ecological restoration of loess slopes using drones based on water-retaining agent blending is provided. The microbial agent and plant growth regulator are mixed in a preset ratio and then sprayed. The plant growth regulator includes auxin and cytokinin. Electrostatic spraying technology is used during spraying to make the droplets carry electric charge and be evenly adsorbed on the slope surface, and the spray pressure is dynamically adjusted according to the roughness of the slope.

[0014] In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a loess slope UAV ecological restoration system based on water-retaining agent blending, comprising: A pretreatment module is used to prepare a composite water-retaining agent using sodium polyacrylate and biochar, coat the grass seeds with a double-layer coating, and mix the composite water-retaining agent, the coated grass seeds, and fertilizer to form a mixed matrix; A spreading module is configured to spread the bio-based binder on the slopes of wind farms and the areas to be sown in photovoltaic power plants to obtain a pre-spreading area; when the pre-spreading area is a slope, the mixed matrix is spread using the slope mode of the UAV's adaptive spreading mechanism; when the pre-spreading area is flat land, the mixed matrix is spread using the flat land mode of the UAV's adaptive spreading mechanism; The additional module is used to spray microbial agents after the mixed matrix is spread to enhance the stress resistance of plants.

[0015] In a third aspect, the present invention also provides an electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, the loess slope drone ecological restoration method based on water-retaining agent blending as described above is implemented.

[0016] In a fourth aspect, the present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the loess slope drone ecological restoration method based on water-retaining agent blending as described in any one of the above.

[0017] In a fifth aspect, the present invention also provides a computer program product, comprising a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements any of the above-mentioned loess slope drone ecological restoration methods based on water-retaining agent blending.

[0018] The present invention provides a method and system for ecological restoration of loess slopes using drones based on a blend of water-retaining agents, comprising: preparing a composite water-retaining agent using sodium polyacrylate and biochar, coating grass seeds with a double-layer coating, and mixing the composite water-retaining agent, the coated grass seeds, and fertilizer to form a mixed matrix; sowing a bio-based binder on the slopes of wind farms and the areas to be sown in photovoltaic power stations to obtain a pre-sowing area; when the pre-sowing area is a slope, sowing the mixed matrix using a slope mode of an adaptive sowing mechanism of the drone; when the pre-sowing area is flat land, sowing the mixed matrix using a flat land mode of an adaptive sowing mechanism of the drone; after completing the sowing of the mixed matrix, additional microbial agents are sprayed to enhance plant stress resistance. By retaining the grass seeds and controlling the sowing of the grass seeds according to the specific conditions, the success rate of the grass seed sowing is effectively improved, thereby contributing to the ecological restoration of the wind farm land. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, a brief introduction is given below to the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the loess slope UAV ecological restoration method based on water-retaining agent blending provided in this embodiment; Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the loess slope UAV ecological restoration system based on water-retaining agent blending provided in this embodiment; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided in this embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the loess slope UAV ecological restoration method based on water-retaining agent blending provided in this embodiment.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, the loess slope UAV ecological restoration method based on water-retaining agent blending provided by the embodiment of the present invention mainly includes the following steps: 101. Sodium polyacrylate and biochar are used to prepare a composite water-retaining agent, which is coated on grass seeds using a double-layer coating. The composite water-retaining agent, coated grass seeds and fertilizer are mixed to form a mixed matrix.

[0024] In a specific implementation process, a composite water-retaining agent (SWA) is first prepared, combining sodium polyacrylate (water absorption rate ≥300 times) and biochar (particle size 0.5-2 mm) in a ratio of 3:1. Biochar, with its rich pore structure, enhances the water-retaining agent's water-retention capacity while also providing nutrients for plant growth. Next, the grass seed coating process is implemented: a double-layer coating technique is employed. The inner layer is the SWA, which forms a water-retaining layer around the grass seeds, providing ample moisture for germination. The outer layer is a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose adhesive layer, which prevents the seeds from falling during transportation and sowing and helps them better bond with the soil. Finally, a mixed matrix is prepared, with a mass ratio of grass seeds, SWA, and organic fertilizer of 1:2:0.5. Organic fertilizer improves soil fertility, providing long-lasting nutrient support for plant growth, and works synergistically with the SWA and grass seeds to promote vegetation growth.

[0025] The mixed matrix can be automatically prepared using the drone's modular storage silo, which houses a 30L water-retaining agent (SAM) compartment, a 20L grass seed compartment, and a mixing chamber equipped with a twin-screw agitator. This modular design allows for flexible adjustment and maintenance tailored to the complex terrain and operational requirements of a photovoltaic power plant. The twin-screw agitator ensures thorough mixing of the SAM, grass seed, and organic fertilizer within the mixing chamber, ensuring uniform spreading.

[0026] 102. Spread the bio-based binder on the slope of the wind farm and the area to be sown in the photovoltaic power station to obtain a pre-sowing area.

[0027] Bio-based binders, including chitosan and sodium alginate solutions, are pre-seeded on wind farm slopes and photovoltaic power plant areas where vegetation restoration is needed. On wind farm slopes, these binders strengthen the bond between soil particles, preventing soil erosion caused by slope runoff. On photovoltaic power plants, they help improve soil compaction and enhance soil aggregation, creating a favorable soil structure for vegetation growth.

[0028] 103. When the pre-seeding area is a slope, the mixed matrix is spread through the slope mode of the UAV's adaptive spreading mechanism.

[0029] When the pre-seeding area is a slope, use a high-pressure cyclone spray method with a penetration of ≥5cm. This method allows the grass seeds and mixed substrate to penetrate the gravel surface and deep into the soil, increasing the grass seed implantation rate and reducing seed loss.

[0030] 104. When the pre-seeding area is flat land, the mixed matrix is spread through the flat land mode of the UAV's adaptive spreading mechanism.

[0031] When the pre-seeding area is flat, centrifugal disc seeding is used, with an adjustable diffusion angle of 30-60°. The seeding range can be flexibly adjusted based on the layout of the PV panels and the actual vegetation restoration needs to avoid impacting the PV panels while ensuring an even distribution of vegetation.

[0032] 105. After spreading the mixed substrate, spray additional microbial agents to enhance plant resistance.

[0033] After spreading the mixed substrate for different terrains, additional arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are sprayed in wind farms and photovoltaic power stations. This microbial agent forms a symbiotic relationship with plant roots, enhancing the plant's ability to absorb nutrients and water, improving its resistance to stress, and promoting vegetation growth in arid and barren loess environments.

[0034] Furthermore, based on the above embodiment, after obtaining the pre-seeding area, this embodiment further includes: using a multispectral camera to perform a terrain scan on the pre-seeding area to determine a vegetation index; and determining whether the pre-seeding area is a slope or flat land based on the vegetation index.

[0035] Specifically, in the loess slope wind farm area, a multispectral camera is used to scan the terrain of the pre-seeding area to determine the vegetation index. The process for determining the area type is as follows: a drone equipped with a multispectral camera transmits multi-band electromagnetic waves to the pre-seeding area and receives the reflected signals. Spectral data from different bands is acquired and processed to obtain the vegetation index. Based on the differences in vegetation indices and preset thresholds, the area can be determined as a slope or flat land. This process accurately identifies the regional terrain, allowing subsequent grass seed sowing to adopt appropriate strategies based on the area type, improve the contact rate between grass seeds and soil, enhance water and fertilizer retention, and thus improve the success rate of grass seed sowing.

[0036] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the vegetation index is used to determine whether the pre-seeding area is a slope or flat land, including: after pre-processing the vegetation index, combining it with the terrain elevation data of the pre-seeding area, constructing a correlation model between the vegetation index and the terrain slope; using the correlation model to analyze the relationship between the vegetation index and the terrain slope of each sampling point in the pre-seeding area, and determining the terrain slope value of each sampling point; the area where the sampling points have a terrain slope value greater than or equal to a preset slope threshold is located is determined as a slope, and the area where the sampling points have a terrain slope value less than the threshold is determined as flat land.

[0037] Specifically, the vegetation index data of the pre-seeding area of the wind farm is pre-processed to remove interference factors such as noise and outliers to improve data quality. Combined with the terrain elevation data of the pre-seeding area, a correlation model between the vegetation index and terrain slope is established to lay the foundation for subsequent analysis. Using this correlation model, the relationship between the vegetation index and terrain slope at each sampling point in the pre-seeding area is analyzed to determine the terrain slope value of each sampling point. A preset slope threshold is set, and the area where the sampling point has a terrain slope value greater than or equal to the threshold is determined to be a slope, and the area where the sampling point has a terrain slope value less than the threshold is determined to be flat land.

[0038] Through a comprehensive analysis of vegetation index and terrain elevation data, a precise demarcation of slopes and flat land within the pre-seeding area of a wind farm has been achieved. This technical achievement is of great significance in the field of grass seed sowing at wind farms. On the one hand, differentiated grass seed sowing plans can be developed based on different area types (slopes or flat land). For example, more suitable grass seeds and sowing methods can be selected in slope areas, thereby improving grass seed survival rate and vegetation coverage, enhancing slope stability, and reducing soil erosion. On the other hand, it can improve the efficiency and scientific nature of grass seed sowing, avoid blind sowing, reduce sowing costs, and also benefit the ecological and sustainable development of wind farms.

[0039] Furthermore, in this embodiment, a high-pressure cyclone jet method is used to spread the mixed matrix, including: transmitting the terrain data of the slope to the control system of the drone, the control system analyzing and processing the terrain data according to a preset algorithm to determine the terrain characteristics of different areas of the slope; controlling the adaptive spreading mechanism of the drone to automatically adjust the spreading parameters according to the terrain characteristics, and the spreading parameters include spreading angle, spreading speed and spreading amount; when the spreading mechanism is at different positions on the slope, the spreading angle is dynamically adjusted by real-time monitoring of the terrain information of the current position; and the spreading speed is adaptively adjusted according to the slope size of different areas of the slope.

[0040] Specifically, high-precision slope terrain data (such as slope, aspect, and elevation changes) is transmitted to the drone control system. The system analyzes this data using pre-set algorithms (such as terrain feature extraction and region segmentation) to identify the terrain characteristic parameters of different areas. Based on this terrain feature analysis, the control system automatically calculates and adjusts the initial parameters of the seeding mechanism according to a pre-set parameter mapping model: seeding angle: dynamically adjusted according to the slope inclination to ensure that the grass seeds fall vertically onto the slope surface; seeding speed: coordinated with the drone's flight speed to ensure a uniform seeding rate per unit area; seeding rate: based on the slope gradient and vegetation restoration requirements, seeding density is increased in steeper areas.

[0041] Aircraft-mounted terrain sensors (such as LiDAR and IMU) monitor the current terrain in real time and dynamically adjust the seeding angle (for example, increasing the downtilt angle on convex slopes and decreasing it on concave slopes). A slope-speed mapping relationship is established, reducing flight speed and increasing seeding frequency on steep slopes, and vice versa on gentle slopes.

[0042] This adaptive seeding control system significantly improves the accuracy and efficiency of wind farm slope ecological restoration through intelligent decision-making driven by terrain data. Precise seeding angle control ensures effective contact between grass seeds and slope soil, reducing tumble and loss, and improving survival rates. Dynamically adjusting the seeding rate based on terrain characteristics avoids the resource waste associated with traditional uniform seeding and reduces seed usage. Drones autonomously adapt to complex terrain, minimizing human intervention and reducing the safety risks of manual seeding on high-risk slopes. Differentiated seeding strategies for different slopes promote uniform vegetation coverage, effectively reducing soil erosion and shortening the ecological restoration cycle.

[0043] Furthermore, the centrifugal disc spreading method used in this embodiment for spreading the mixed matrix includes: obtaining multi-dimensional data consisting of soil fertility, moisture content, and compactness of the flat land, and simultaneously obtaining surface microtopography data through high-definition aerial photography; based on the multi-dimensional data and the surface microtopography data, generating a three-dimensional model of fertility-moisture content-topography of the flat land spreading area, and dividing sub-areas with different spreading strategies; controlling the drone to dynamically adjust the mixing ratio of the mixed matrix according to the three-dimensional model data, and for the soil-poor sub-areas, increasing the fertilizer spreading amount through a pulsed quantitative delivery device, and at the same time increasing the water-retaining agent ratio to enhance the water retention capacity; in areas with low soil moisture content, starting a double-helix stirring mixing chamber to increase the contact area between the water-retaining agent and the soil, and simultaneously reducing the grass seed spreading speed to match the moisture conditions; completing the spreading of the mixed matrix on the flat land.

[0044] Specifically, multidimensional and topographic data acquisition involves the following: First, specialized sensors are needed to acquire multidimensional soil data from flat areas. These sensors can accurately collect information on soil fertility, such as the content of various nutrients in the soil; soil moisture content, which is the proportion of water in the soil; and soil compaction, which reflects the compactness of the soil. During the data collection process, to ensure the comprehensiveness and representativeness of the data, multi-point sampling of the flat areas is performed according to specific rules and densities. At the same time, high-definition aerial photography equipment is used to capture the surface microtopography. This data can provide a detailed picture of the surface elevation changes, providing comprehensive and accurate data support for subsequent analysis.

[0045] 3D Model Generation and Sub-area Division: After acquiring multidimensional data and surface microtopography data, the next step is data integration and processing. Based on this data, specific algorithms and techniques are used to generate a three-dimensional fertility-moisture-topography model of the flatland seeding area. This 3D model intuitively displays the characteristics of soil fertility, soil moisture (i.e., soil water content), and topography in different flatland areas. After the model is generated, it is analyzed and, based on the various characteristics revealed, the entire seeding area is divided into sub-areas with different seeding strategies. Each sub-area has unique soil and topographic characteristics. This division allows for the development of specialized, targeted seeding plans to meet the specific needs of each area for grass seed sowing.

[0046] Dynamic Adjustment of Mixed Base Proportions and Sowing: Once the sub-areas are divided, the drone needs to be controlled to carry out the specific sowing tasks. The drone system dynamically adjusts the mixing ratio of the mixed base based on the generated 3D model data. This mixed base typically includes grass seeds, fertilizer, and water-retaining agents. For sub-areas designated as poor soil, due to insufficient soil fertility, a pulsed quantitative delivery device is used to increase the fertilizer application rate and improve the water-retaining agent ratio. This improves soil fertility and water retention, creating a better environment for grass seed growth. In areas with low soil moisture, a double-helix stirring mixing chamber is activated to increase the contact area between the water-retaining agent and the soil, thereby enhancing soil moisture retention. At the same time, the sowing speed is reduced to match the grass seed sowing to the local moisture conditions. After all parameters are adjusted, the drone spreads the mixed base on flat ground according to the pre-set plan, ensuring precise and efficient sowing.

[0047] By comprehensively analyzing multidimensional soil data and surface microtopography on flatlands, a three-dimensional model is generated and seeding strategy sub-regions are divided. This enables precise identification and classification of different flatland areas, providing a scientific basis for differentiated seeding. Dynamically adjusting the mix ratio and seeding parameters based on the characteristics of each sub-region can effectively address issues such as poor soil quality and low moisture content. For example, increasing fertilizer and water-retaining agent dosage in areas with poor soil quality improves soil fertility and water retention, creating favorable conditions for grass seed growth. In areas with low moisture content, using specialized devices and adjusting seeding speeds can enhance water retention and align seeding with moisture conditions, improving germination and survival rates. Furthermore, this adaptive seeding approach optimizes resource allocation, avoids waste of fertilizer, water-retaining agent, and grass seed, reduces seeding costs, and improves the efficiency and quality of vegetation restoration on flatlands within wind farms, contributing to improved ecological environment and sustainable development.

[0048] Furthermore, in this embodiment, additional spraying of microbial agents includes: dividing the slope into at least three spraying areas according to different altitudes, and increasing the spraying concentration of the microbial agent from top to bottom; the microbial agent contains a complex bacterial community of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and the number of viable bacteria of each bacterial community is compounded according to a specific ratio; at the same time, a protective agent is sprayed simultaneously with the spraying of the microbial agent. The protective agent is a natural high molecular polymer solution, and its concentration range can effectively improve the survival rate of microorganisms in the loess slope environment.

[0049] Among them, microbial agents and plant growth regulators are mixed in a preset ratio and then sprayed. Plant growth regulators include auxins and cytokinins. Electrostatic spraying technology is used during spraying to make the droplets carry electric charges and be evenly adsorbed on the slope surface, and the spray pressure is dynamically adjusted according to the roughness of the slope.

[0050] Specifically, the slope is divided into at least three spraying zones based on its altitude. The boundaries of each zone are determined using a geographic information system (GIS) or drone mapping. Based on a preset algorithm, the control system increases the spray concentration of the microbial agent from top to bottom, creating a gradient distribution. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are mixed in specific proportions to form a composite bacterial community. The viable count of each bacterial community is precisely controlled using microscopic counting or plate colony counting to ensure that the mixture ratio meets design requirements.

[0051] When spraying microbial inoculants, a natural polymer solution is added as a protective agent, with its concentration optimized based on the environmental characteristics of the loess slope. Plant growth regulators containing auxins and cytokinins are also added in a pre-set ratio to promote grass seed rooting and germination. Electrostatic spray equipment is used to impart an electric charge to the droplets, leveraging the principle of charge adsorption to ensure uniform adhesion to the slope surface. Slope roughness data is acquired through laser scanning or 3D modeling, and spray pressure is dynamically adjusted to ensure consistent spraying across areas of varying roughness.

[0052] The synergistic effect of phosphate-solubilizing and nitrogen-fixing bacteria can increase the available phosphorus and nitrogen content in the soil, reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, and reduce the risk of non-point source pollution. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi form a symbiotic relationship with plant roots, improving plant tolerance to drought and poor soils and increasing vegetation survival rates. Natural polymer protective agents can form a protective film on the surface of microorganisms, resisting adverse factors such as ultraviolet rays and drought, and extending the survival time of microorganisms in loess slope environments. Electrostatic spraying technology combined with adaptive pressure regulation increases the adhesion rate of microbial agents on slope surfaces to , reducing agent loss and waste. The synergistic effect of plant growth regulators and microbial agents can accelerate grass seed germination and shorten the vegetation cover period.

[0053] The method of this invention implements a dual protection mechanism (physical water retention + biological fixation) for ecological restoration, tailored to the characteristics of loess and photovoltaic power plants. This not only addresses the ecological restoration of wind farm slopes on the Loess Plateau through physical water retention and biological fixation, but also optimizes water retention and fixation measures to address the unique environmental conditions of photovoltaic power plants, such as shadowing and poor soil quality, promoting vegetation growth. By comprehensively considering multiple environmental factors at wind farms and photovoltaic power plants, a dynamic substrate ratio is achieved, enhancing vegetation restoration effectiveness. During operations at wind farms and photovoltaic power plants, an adaptive algorithm adjusts the seeding angle to ensure effective seeding while also ensuring equipment safety.

[0054] Based on the same general inventive concept, the present invention also protects a loess slope drone ecological restoration system based on water-retaining agent blending. The loess slope drone ecological restoration system based on water-retaining agent blending described below and the loess slope drone ecological restoration method based on water-retaining agent blending described above can be referenced to each other.

[0055] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the loess slope UAV ecological restoration system based on water-retaining agent blending provided in this embodiment.

[0056] like Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a loess slope drone ecological restoration system based on water-retaining agent blending, including: The pretreatment module 201 is used to prepare a composite water-retaining agent using sodium polyacrylate and biochar, coat the grass seeds with a double-layer coating, and mix the composite water-retaining agent, coated grass seeds, and fertilizer to form a mixed matrix; The spreading module 202 is used to spread the bio-based binder on the slopes of the wind farm and the areas to be sown in the photovoltaic power station to obtain a pre-seeding area. When the pre-seeding area is a slope, the mixed matrix is spread using the slope mode of the UAV's adaptive spreading mechanism. When the pre-seeding area is flat land, the mixed matrix is spread using the flat land mode of the UAV's adaptive spreading mechanism. The additional module 203 is used to spray additional microbial agents after the mixed matrix is spread to enhance the stress resistance of plants.

[0057] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided in this embodiment.

[0058] like Figure 3 As shown, the electronic device may include: a processor (processor) 310, a communication interface (Communications Interface) 320, a memory (memory) 330 and a communication bus 340, wherein the processor 310, the communication interface 320, and the memory 330 communicate with each other through the communication bus 340. The processor 310 can call the logic instructions in the memory 330 to execute the loess slope drone ecological restoration method based on water-retaining agent blending, which includes: preparing a composite water-retaining agent using sodium polyacrylate and biochar, coating grass seeds with a double-layer coating, and mixing the composite water-retaining agent, coated grass seeds and fertilizer to form a mixed matrix; sowing bio-based binders on the slopes of wind farms and the areas to be sown in photovoltaic power stations to obtain pre-sowing areas; when the pre-sowing area is a slope, sowing the mixed matrix through the slope mode of the drone's adaptive sowing mechanism; when the pre-sowing area is flat land, sowing the mixed matrix through the flat land mode of the drone's adaptive sowing mechanism; after completing the sowing of the mixed matrix, additional spraying of microbial agents is performed to enhance plant stress resistance.

[0059] Furthermore, the logic instructions in the aforementioned memory 330 can be implemented as software functional units and, when sold or used as independent products, can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the portion that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product, stored in a storage medium, includes several instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard drive, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

[0060] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program, which can be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer can execute the loess slope drone ecological restoration method based on water-retaining agent blending provided by the above methods. The method includes: using sodium polyacrylate and biochar to prepare a composite water-retaining agent, using a double-layer coating to coat grass seeds, and mixing the composite water-retaining agent, coated grass seeds and fertilizer to form a mixed matrix; sowing bio-based binder on the slopes of wind farms and photovoltaic power stations in the areas to be sown to obtain a pre-sowing area; when the pre-sowing area is a slope, sowing the mixed matrix through the slope mode of the drone's adaptive sowing mechanism; when the pre-sowing area is flat land, sowing the mixed matrix through the flat land mode of the drone's adaptive sowing mechanism; after completing the sowing of the mixed matrix, additional spraying of microbial agents is performed to enhance plant resistance.

[0061] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, is implemented to execute the loess slope drone ecological restoration method based on water-retaining agent blending provided by the above-mentioned methods, the method comprising: preparing a composite water-retaining agent using sodium polyacrylate and biochar, coating grass seeds with a double-layer coating, and mixing the composite water-retaining agent, coated grass seeds and fertilizer to form a mixed matrix; sowing a bio-based binder on the slopes of wind farms and the areas to be sown in photovoltaic power stations to obtain a pre-sowing area; when the pre-sowing area is a slope, sowing the mixed matrix through the slope mode of the drone's adaptive sowing mechanism; when the pre-sowing area is flat land, sowing the mixed matrix through the flat land mode of the drone's adaptive sowing mechanism; after completing the sowing of the mixed matrix, additionally spraying microbial agents to enhance plant stress resistance.

[0062] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, i.e., they may be located in one location or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected based on actual needs to achieve the objectives of the present embodiment. Persons of ordinary skill in the art will be able to understand and implement the present invention without inventive effort.

[0063] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented using software plus a necessary general-purpose hardware platform, or of course, hardware. Based on this understanding, the essence of the above technical solution, or the portion that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, and includes a number of instructions for causing a computer device (such as a personal computer, server, or network device) to execute the methods described in each embodiment or certain portions of the embodiments.

[0064] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A loess slope ecological restoration method using drones based on water-retaining agent blending, characterized in that: include: Sodium polyacrylate and biochar are used to prepare a composite water-retaining agent, grass seeds are coated with a double-layer coating, and the composite water-retaining agent, the coated grass seeds and fertilizer are mixed to form a mixed matrix; Spreading bio-based binder on the slopes of the wind farm and the areas to be sown at the photovoltaic power station to obtain pre-seeding areas; When the pre-spreading area is a slope, the mixed matrix is spread in a slope mode by the self-adaptive spreading mechanism of the UAV; When the pre-spreading area is flat land, the mixed matrix is spread in a flat land mode using the self-adaptive spreading mechanism of the drone; After the mixed matrix is spread, additional microbial agents are sprayed to enhance the stress resistance of the plants.

2. The loess slope UAV ecological restoration method based on water-retaining agent blending according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The double-layer coating method for coating grass seeds comprises: A water-retaining agent is added to the inner layer to form a water-retaining layer surrounding the grass seeds, providing moisture for the grass seeds to germinate; A hydroxypropyl methylcellulose adhesive layer is provided on the outer layer to prevent the grass seeds from falling off during transportation and sowing.

3. The loess slope UAV ecological restoration method based on water-retaining agent blending according to claim 1 is characterized in that: After obtaining the pre-seeding area, the method further comprises: Scanning the terrain of the pre-seeding area using a multispectral camera to determine a vegetation index; The pre-seeding area is determined to be a slope or flat land according to the vegetation index.

4. The loess slope ecological restoration method using drones based on water-retaining agent blending according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The step of determining whether the pre-seeding area is a slope or flat land by using the vegetation index includes: After pre-processing the vegetation index, a correlation model between the vegetation index and the terrain slope is constructed in combination with the terrain elevation data of the pre-seeding area; Analyzing the relationship between the vegetation index and the terrain slope of each sampling point in the pre-seeding area using the correlation model to determine the terrain slope value of each sampling point; The area where the sampling points whose terrain slope values are greater than or equal to a preset slope threshold are located is determined to be a slope, and the area where the sampling points whose terrain slope values are less than the threshold are located is determined to be flat land.

5. The loess slope UAV ecological restoration method based on water-retaining agent blending according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The method of spreading the mixed matrix in a slope mode by the self-adaptive spreading mechanism of the UAV includes: spreading the mixed matrix by high-pressure cyclone spraying; The method of spreading the mixed matrix on the flat ground using the self-adaptive spreading mechanism of the UAV includes spreading the mixed matrix using a centrifugal disc spreading method.

6. The loess slope UAV ecological restoration method based on water-retaining agent blending according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The method of spreading the mixed matrix by high-pressure cyclone spraying comprises: The terrain data of the slope is transmitted to the control system of the UAV, and the control system analyzes and processes the terrain data according to a preset algorithm to determine the terrain characteristics of different areas of the slope; Controlling the adaptive spreading mechanism of the UAV to automatically adjust spreading parameters according to the terrain characteristics, wherein the spreading parameters include spreading angle, spreading speed and spreading amount; When the spreading mechanism is at different positions on the slope, the spreading angle is dynamically adjusted by real-time monitoring of the terrain information at the current position; Adaptively adjust the sowing speed according to the slope of different areas of the slope.

7. The loess slope ecological restoration method using drones based on water-retaining agent blending according to claim 5, characterized in that: The method of spreading the mixed matrix by using a centrifugal disc spreading method comprises: Acquire multi-dimensional data consisting of soil fertility, moisture content, and compactness on flat land, and simultaneously obtain surface microtopography data through high-definition aerial photography; Based on the multidimensional data and the surface microtopography data, a three-dimensional model of fertility, soil moisture and topography is generated for the flatland sowing area, and sub-areas are divided according to different sowing strategies; The drone is controlled to dynamically adjust the mixing ratio of the mixed matrix based on the three-dimensional model data. For sub-areas with poor soil, the fertilizer spreading amount is increased through a pulsed quantitative delivery device, while the water retaining agent ratio is increased to enhance water retention capacity. In areas with low soil moisture content, a double-helix stirring mixing chamber is activated to increase the contact area between the water retaining agent and the soil, and the grass seed sowing speed is simultaneously reduced to match the moisture conditions. This completes the sowing of the mixed matrix on flat ground.

8. The loess slope ecological restoration method using drones based on water-retaining agent blending according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The additional spraying of microbial agents comprises: Divide the slope into at least three spraying areas according to the different altitudes, and increase the spraying concentration of microbial agents from top to bottom; The microbial agent contains a complex bacterial community of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and the number of live bacteria of each bacterial community is compounded according to a specific ratio; at the same time, a protective agent is sprayed simultaneously when spraying the microbial agent. The protective agent is a natural high molecular polymer solution, and its concentration range can effectively improve the survival rate of microorganisms in the loess slope environment.

9. The loess slope ecological restoration method using drones based on water-retaining agent blending according to claim 8, characterized in that: The microbial agent and the plant growth regulator are mixed in a preset ratio and then sprayed. The plant growth regulator includes auxin and cytokinin. Electrostatic spraying technology is used during spraying so that the droplets carry electric charge and are evenly adsorbed on the slope surface, and the spray pressure is dynamically adjusted according to the roughness of the slope.

10. A loess slope UAV ecological restoration system based on water-retaining agent blending, characterized in that: include: A pretreatment module is used to prepare a composite water-retaining agent using sodium polyacrylate and biochar, coat the grass seeds with a double-layer coating, and mix the composite water-retaining agent, the coated grass seeds, and fertilizer to form a mixed matrix; A spreading module is used to spread the bio-based binder on the slopes of the wind farm and the areas to be sown in the photovoltaic power station to obtain a pre-seeding area; when the pre-seeding area is a slope, the mixed matrix is spread using the slope mode of the UAV's adaptive spreading mechanism; When the pre-spreading area is flat land, the mixed matrix is spread in a flat land mode using the self-adaptive spreading mechanism of the drone; The additional module is used to spray microbial agents after the mixed matrix is spread to enhance the stress resistance of plants.

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