Application of titanium-silicon nano microelement fertilizer in planting of beet trees

Abstract

The invention provides an application of a titanium-silicon nano micro-element fertilizer in planting of beet trees, which comprises the following steps of: spraying an aqueous dispersion of titanium and silicon nano micro-element fertilizers on leaf surfaces of annual beet saplings; the titanium-silicon nano microelement fertilizer is a nano-scale water dispersion liquid of TiO2 and a nano-scale water dispersion liquid of SiO2 respectively; keeping the soil water content of the beet saplings to be about 60%, the day and night temperature to be 25 / 30 DEG C and the day and night humidity to be 70 / 90%; the frequency of foliage spraying is once a month, and the spraying amount each time is that small liquid drops are formed on the foliage; the step (2) is continuously repeated for at least 8 times, and the spraying of the titanium-silicon micro-element fertilizer is single spraying or combined spraying. The method comprises the following steps: analyzing the influence of foliar application of a nanoparticle fertilizer containing five trace elements of silicon, iron, zinc, cerium and titanium on the form and physiology of a beet tree, oxidative stress indexes and antioxidant enzyme activity; results show that foliage application of the five nano microelement fertilizers of silicon, iron, zinc, cerium and titanium has influences on growth of beet seedlings, biomass generation, photosynthetic pigment and antioxidant enzyme activity, wherein the influence of titanium and silicon fertilizers is most significant.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention provides a method for promoting the growth of beet seedlings based on trace element nano-fertilizers, specifically the application of titanium silicon nano-fertilizers in beet planting, belonging to the field of nano-agricultural technology. Background Art

[0002] Beetroot is a rare wild woody vegetable with significant nutritional and medicinal value. Its high market value and scarcity make it a key cash crop. Its rich nutritional content and potential medicinal properties also offer broad prospects for its development and utilization. With the increasing demand for healthy foods and natural medicines, beetroot is expected to become a highlight of Yunnan's unique agricultural sector and attract increasing attention and research worldwide. Therefore, developing methods to promote the growth of beetroot is of great significance.

[0003] Nanotechnology, employing nanoparticles (NPs) ranging in size from 10 to 1000 nanometers, is widely being used to develop strategies for better crop production under stressful conditions to ensure food security. Foliar-applied NPs primarily enter leaves through stomata and are transported to different plant parts via exoplasmic and symbiotic pathways. After penetrating or channeling through the plasma membrane, NPs act as signaling molecules, triggering stress-signaling genes and activating plant defense systems. These control strategies enhance defense and disease resistance against pests and diseases, improving crop yield and quality. Over the past few decades, extensive research on nanotechnology has highlighted its diverse applications in agriculture. Studies have demonstrated that various bioactive NPs with specific shapes, sizes, and concentrations can effectively alleviate stress conditions in various agricultural plants. NPs have also been shown to improve growth parameters, seed germination, root morphology, productivity, and physiological and biochemical composition. Their application has also been shown to increase nutrient uptake by plants. Nano-silicon dioxide (SiO2), nano-cerium oxide (CeO2), nano-TiO2, nano-zinc oxide (ZnO) and nano-ferroferric oxide (Fe3O4) are all nanomaterials with unique properties and a wide range of uses. Nano-silicon dioxide (99.5% purity, 7-40nm particle size, irregular particles) is an amorphous white powder that is insoluble in water and acid. It has a large specific surface area and high surface activity, which can improve material strength, wear resistance, and anti-aging properties. Nano-cerium oxide (99.95% purity, 0-25nm particle size, irregular particles) has strong oxidizing properties and can be used as a catalyst and optical material. It can also increase soil enzyme activity and promote plant growth. Nano-TiO2 (99.8% purity, 25nm particle size, short rods) has a high specific surface area and photocatalytic activity and can be used in material modification, environmental protection, and biomedicine. Nano-zinc oxide (50% purity in H2O, average particle size 50nm, irregular particles) has antibacterial and UV resistance properties and can be used in rubber, plastics, coatings, cosmetics, etc. Nano-ferrosoferric oxide (Fe3O4, 25% purity in H2O, 10-30nm particle size, spherical) has magnetic properties and can be used in magnetic materials, biomedicine, and environmental protection. These nanomaterials have been widely used in their respective fields, providing new opportunities for the development of materials science and applied technology. However, there is currently a lack of research on the use of NPs to promote the growth of sugar beet seedlings.

[0004] Based on the above analysis, a method of applying trace elements to promote the growth and development of sugar beet seedlings has very important application prospects and is of great significance in promoting the industrial cultivation of sugar beet trees. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention proposes a method for promoting the growth of sugar beets based on trace element nanofertilizers, in particular, the application of titanium silicon nanofertilizers in sugar beet planting to improve the planting effect of sugar beets.

[0006] The present invention is achieved through the following technical means: The application of titanium silicon nano-micro fertilizer in beet planting is characterized by: (1) For one-year-old beet seedlings, titanium and silicon nano-micro-fertilizers are sprayed on the leaves; the titanium and silicon nano-micro-fertilizers are nano-scale aqueous dispersions of TiO2 and SiO2 respectively; the soil moisture content of the beet seedlings is maintained at about 60%, the day and night temperature is 25 / 30℃, and the day and night humidity is 70 / 90%; (2) The frequency of foliar spraying is once a month, and the amount of each spray should be enough to form small droplets on the leaves; (3) Repeat step (2) at least 8 times.

[0007] The titanium and silicon micro-fertilizers in step (1) are sprayed individually or in combination. When sprayed in combination, the titanium and silicon are combined in a weight ratio of 1:1.

[0008] The concentration of the titanium-silicon micro-fertilizer dispersion in step (1) is 20-40 mg / L based on the dry weight of titanium dioxide or silicon dioxide.

[0009] The titanium dioxide or silicon dioxide solid particles of the titanium silicon nano-fertilizer have a particle size of 10-1000 nanometers.

[0010] The purity of the nano-TiO2 in step (1) is greater than or equal to 99%.

[0011] The purity of the nano-SiO2 in step (1) is greater than or equal to 99%.

[0012] The sweet potato saplings in step (1) are planted in a greenhouse with a shading degree of 90%.

[0013] Application of titanium nano-micro fertilizer in increasing chlorophyll content in sugar beet.

[0014] Application of silicon nano-micro-fertilizer in increasing chlorophyll content in sugar beets.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: Nanofertilizers have many other advantages over chemical fertilizers, including high solubility, high stability, environmental protection, low cost, simple and efficient use. The present invention analyzes the effects of foliar application of five trace element nanoparticle fertilizers, namely silicon, iron, zinc, cerium and titanium, on the morphology and physiology, oxidative stress indicators and antioxidant enzyme activity of sugar beet trees. The results show that foliar application of five trace element nanoparticle fertilizers, namely silicon, iron, zinc, cerium and titanium, has a significant effect on the growth and biomass production, photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzyme activity of sugar beet seedlings. However, among all these nanoparticles, the use of titanium nanofertilizer has the best growth-promoting effect on the morphological and physiological growth of sugar beets planted in soil, followed by silicon nanofertilizer. These two nanomaterials significantly enhanced the chlorophyll content and activated the antioxidant defense system, indicating that foliar application of titanium trace element nanofertilizer can promote the growth and development of sugar beet seedlings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 Histogram of the effects of different nanoparticles on the growth and biomass of sugar beet trees.

[0017] Where: a: leaf fresh weight, b: stem fresh weight, c: root fresh weight, d: plant height. *CK: zero-NPs, Si: SiO2-NPs, Fe: Fe3O4-NPs, Zn: ZnO-NPs, Ce: CeO2-NPs, and Ti: TiO2-NPs.

[0018] Figure 2 A bar graph showing the effects of different nanoparticles on sugar beet growth. Where: a: branch number, b: leaf length, c: leaf width, and d: relative chlorophyll index (SPAD value). *CK: zero-NPs, Si: SiO2-NPs, Fe: Fe3O4-NPs, Zn: ZnO-NPs, Ce: CeO2-NPs, and Ti: TiO2-NPs.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a bar graph showing the effects of different nanoparticles on the biological properties of sugar beet seedlings. (a) Superoxide dismutase activity, (b) Peroxidase activity, (c) Catalase activity, (d) Malondialdehyde content, (e) Proline content, and (f) Hydrogen peroxide content. *CK: Zero-NPs, Si: SiO2-NPs, Fe: Fe3O4-NPs, Zn: ZnO-NPs, Ce: CeO2-NPs, and Ti: TiO2-NPs.

[0020] Figure 1-3 The height of each bar is the average of three biological replicates. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] The present invention uses five nano-micro-fertilizer materials, including titanium silicon nano-micro-fertilizer, all of which are purchased from a Shanghai biochemical technology company. The parameters of the five materials are as follows: nano-silicon dioxide (SiO2, purity 99.5%, particle size 7-40nm, irregular particles), nano-cerium oxide (CeO2, purity 99.95%, particle size 0-25nm, irregular particles), nano-TiO2 (TiO2, purity 99.8%, particle size 25nm, short rods), nano-zinc oxide (ZnO, purity 50% in H2O, average particle size 50nm, irregular particles), and nano-ferrous oxide (Fe3O4, purity 25% in H2O, particle size 10-30nm, spherical).

[0023] In one embodiment of the present invention, when applied to the leaves of sugar beet seedlings, a nanoparticle fertilizer containing five trace elements, silicon, iron, zinc, cerium, and titanium, is prepared as an aqueous solution at a concentration of 20-40 mg / L and sprayed until small droplets appear on the leaves. The concentration is calculated as milligrams of dry weight of the micronutrient fertilizer per liter of aqueous dispersion.

[0024] The frequency of foliar spraying of trace element nanoparticle fertilizer is once a month.

[0025] To avoid ambiguity, the present invention declares that the nano-micro-fertilizer aqueous solutions are all aqueous dispersions of nano-micro-fertilizers. Example

[0026] A pot experiment on the method of promoting the growth of sugar beet seedlings by foliar application of nanoparticle fertilizers containing five trace elements, namely silicon, iron, zinc, cerium and titanium, included the following steps: In this example, soil was collected from a farmland located in Kunming, Yunnan Province, China (102.809E, 24.838N). Topsoil samples (0-20 cm) were collected from the sampling site using a shovel. These samples were ground, mixed, and air-dried in the shade. Finally, the soil was sieved through a 5 mm sieve and mixed to create a composite soil for the potted plant experiment. Prior to the potting experiment, three subsamples were taken from the composite soil and their physicochemical properties were analyzed. The results for the composite soil were as follows: pH 6.15, organic matter 21.01 g / kg, total nitrogen 1339 mg / kg, alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen 119.1 mg / kg, available phosphorus 16.4 μg / g, total potassium 22.29 mg / g, available potassium content 145.3 mg / kg, conductivity 6420 μs / cm, and cation exchange capacity 7.96 mg / kg.

[0027] (2) This example was conducted in a greenhouse of a village committee in Chenggong District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province from September 23, 2023 to May 22, 2024. One-year-old sugar beet seedlings of similar growth and size were planted in pots 30 cm high × 40 cm wide. Each treatment adopted a completely randomized design (CRD) with the following combinations (CK, SiO2-NPs, Fe3O4-NPs, ZnO-NPs, CeO2-NPs, SiO2-NPs and TiO2-NPs), with a total of 6 combinations and 3 replicates. Water was added according to the soil moisture conditions to keep the soil moisture content at about 60% (w / w) of the water holding capacity. Each pot contained 15 kg of soil and one plant. The pots were placed in a greenhouse with 90% shading, day / night temperature of 25 / 30℃, and day / night humidity of 70 / 90%. CK was the control and no nano-micro fertilizer was used.

[0028] (3) Prepare 30 mg / l nanofertilizer solutions of five trace elements, namely silicon (SiO2-NPs), iron (Fe3O4-NPs), zinc (ZnO-NPs), cerium (CeO2-NPs) and titanium (TiO2-NPs). Spray the nanofertilizer on the leaves three months after planting and once every other month.

[0029] (4) Eight months after planting (five nanofertilizer treatments), fresh leaves from the top of the treated sugar beet seedlings were collected between 09:00 and 10:00 am. The fresh leaves were cleaned and immediately stored in liquid nitrogen before further analysis. The plant height was measured from the rhizome to the top of the seedling using a ruler. The seedlings were separated into leaves, stems, and roots, and their fresh weights were recorded using a weighing scale after cleaning.

[0030] (5) Measure the physiological indicators of the collected leaves and evaluate the growth status of the beet trees under the treatment conditions.

[0031] The test results of this embodiment are as follows Figure 1、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 As shown: Figure 1 Effects of different nanoparticles on sugar beet growth and biomass. a: Leaf fresh weight, b: Stem fresh weight, c: Root fresh weight, d: Plant height. *CK: Zero-NPs, Si: SiO2-NPs, Fe: Fe3O4-NPs, Zn: ZnO-NPs, Ce: CeO2-NPs, and Ti: TiO2-NPs.

[0032] Figure 2 Effects of different nanoparticles on sugar beet growth. a: Branch number, b: Leaf length, c: Leaf width, and d: Relative chlorophyll index (SPAD value). *CK: Zero-NPs, Si: SiO2-NPs, Fe: Fe3O4-NPs, Zn: ZnO-NPs, Ce: CeO2-NPs, and Ti: TiO2-NPs.

[0033] Figure 3 Effects of different nanoparticles on a: superoxide dismutase activity, b: peroxidase activity, c: catalase activity, d: malondialdehyde content, e: proline content, and e: hydrogen peroxide content in sugar beet seedlings. *CK: zero-NPs, Si: SiO2-NPs, Fe: Fe3O4-NPs, Zn: ZnO-NPs, Ce: CeO2-NPs, and Ti: TiO2-NPs.

[0034] Experimental results showed that foliar application of TiO2-NPs, SiO2-NPs, Fe3O4-NPs, ZnO-NPs, and CeO2 promoted the growth and biomass yield, photosynthetic pigments, and antioxidant enzyme activity of sugar beet seedlings. However, among all these nanoparticles, TiO2-NPs significantly promoted the growth of sugar beet seedlings by affecting chlorophyll content and activating the antioxidant defense system. Foliar application of TiO2-NPs was particularly effective, improving leaf quality. Therefore, TiO2-NPs (30 mg / L) promoted the growth of sugar beet seedlings, with SiO2-NPs showing a secondary effect. This study provides new strategic guidance for optimizing the growth and development of sugar beet seedlings.

Claims

1. An application of titanium silicon nano-micro fertilizer in beet planting, characterized by: (1) For one-year-old beet seedlings, titanium and silicon nano-micro-fertilizers are sprayed on the leaves; the titanium and silicon nano-micro-fertilizers are nano-scale aqueous dispersions of TiO2 and SiO2 respectively; the soil moisture content of the beet seedlings is maintained at about 60%, the day and night temperature is 25 / 30℃, and the day and night humidity is 70 / 90%; (2) The frequency of foliar spraying is once a month, and the amount of each spray should be enough to form small droplets on the leaves; (3) Repeat step (2) at least 8 times.

2. The application of titanium silicon nano fertilizer in beet planting according to claim 1 is characterized in that The titanium and silicon micro-fertilizers in step (1) are sprayed individually or in combination. When sprayed in combination, titanium and silicon are combined in a ratio of 1:1 by weight.

3. The application of titanium silicon nano-micro fertilizer in beet planting according to claim 1 is characterized in that The concentration of the titanium-silicon micro-fertilizer dispersion in step (1) is 20-40 mg / L based on the dry weight of titanium dioxide or silicon dioxide.

4. The application of titanium silicon nano-micro fertilizer in beet planting according to claim 1 is characterized in that The particle size of the titanium dioxide or silicon dioxide solid particles of the titanium silicon nano-micro fertilizer is 10-1000 nanometers.

5. The application of titanium silicon nano-micro fertilizer in beet planting according to claim 1 is characterized in that The purity of nano-TiO2 in step (1) is greater than or equal to 99%.

6. The application of titanium silicon nano-micro fertilizer in beet planting according to claim 1 is characterized in that The purity of the nano-SiO2 in step (1) is greater than or equal to 99%.

7. The application of titanium silicon nano-micro fertilizer in beet planting according to claim 1 is characterized in that The beet seedlings in step (1) are planted in a greenhouse with a shading degree of 90%.

8. The use of titanium nano-micro fertilizer in increasing the chlorophyll content of sugar beets.

9. The use of silicon nano-micro fertilizer in increasing the chlorophyll content of sugar beets.

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