Regulation and control method for prolonging ornamental period and quality of leaf color of red poplar in spring leaf tree species

Abstract

The invention provides a regulation and control method for prolonging the leaf color ornamental period and quality of middle red poplar in spring leaf tree species, and relates to the technical field of garden plant cultivation environment control. The method comprises the following steps: providing middle red poplar nursery stocks; planting Chinese red poplar seedlings; building an environment monitoring control system; and regulating light intensity, light quality, temperature difference and soil. According to the method, a growth environment capable of obviously prolonging the leaf coloring period of 'Zhonghong poplar' and enabling the leaf color to be stable is created, a very remarkable effect is achieved, and meanwhile powerful technical support is provided for prolonging the leaf color viewing period and improving the viewing quality of other spring leaf tree species under the three-dimensional space habitat.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of controlling the environment for garden plant cultivation, and in particular to a method for regulating and controlling the color viewing period and quality of Populus redus leaves, a species of spring-colored leaves. Background Art

[0002] 'Zhonghong Poplar,' a red-leafed bud mutation of the American black poplar '2025,' fills a gap in the breeding of colorful-leafed poplars for timber production in my country. It is a rare colorful-leafed species with both high ornamental and economic value. As the first generation of red-leafed poplars, 'Zhonghong Poplar' serves as an important foundation for the selection and development of subsequent colorful-leafed poplar varieties. It boasts a significant faster-growing advantage over other colorful-leafed poplar varieties. 'Zhonghong Poplar' is a typical spring-colored foliage species, and its leaf color is sensitively influenced by environmental factors and internal physiological metabolism.

[0003] The requirements for environmental conditions at different times during the growth process of "Zhonghong Poplar" are different. Related technologies mostly use simple or single management methods. System managers must frequently adjust the set values of the controller. The time and measures for controlling light, temperature or nutrition, etc. are arbitrary, and often rely on manual experience. They cannot form a precise, tight and systematic environmental control system in time according to the dynamic changes of plant growth. The environmental parameters lack dynamic coordination with plant physiology, resulting in the rapid change process of spring leaves of "Zhonghong Poplar". Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of this application is to provide a method for regulating the color and quality of the leaves of the spring-colored poplar (Populus chinensis), in order to solve the problem of rapid color change of the spring leaves of the water-based "Populus chinensis" in the prior art. The technical solution adopted by this application to solve the above technical problem is as follows:

[0005] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for regulating and controlling the color viewing period and quality of Populus rubra leaves in spring-colored leaf species, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S01. Provide Chinese red poplar seedlings;

[0007] S02, planting Chinese red poplar seedlings;

[0008] S03. Build an environmental monitoring and control system;

[0009] S04, light intensity, light quality, temperature difference and soil control.

[0010] In some embodiments, providing robust, pest-free, two-year-old Chinese red poplar seedlings; and / or

[0011] The height of Populus rubra seedlings is 2.0m to 2.5m; and / or

[0012] The number of planted Chinese red poplar seedlings is 20 to 30, and the spacing between rows and plants is 2.5m to 3m.

[0013] In some embodiments, a method for establishing an environmental monitoring and control system includes:

[0014] S031. In the smart greenhouse, the controller assembly is mounted on the wall by wall-mounting;

[0015] S032. Install the data acquisition unit;

[0016] S033. Install the execution unit.

[0017] In some embodiments, the data acquisition unit includes a multispectral sensor, an ambient temperature and humidity sensor, and a comprehensive soil sensor; and / or

[0018] The execution unit is connected to the controller component; and / or

[0019] The execution unit includes a spectrum LED array, wherein the spectrum LED array includes adjustable spectrum LEDs and fixed spectrum LEDs, and the ratio of the adjustable spectrum LEDs to the fixed spectrum LEDs is 2:1 to 3:1; and / or

[0020] The execution unit includes a gradient temperature control device, which includes a heating component, a refrigeration component, a humidification component and a temperature and humidity control component.

[0021] In some embodiments, the number of the multispectral sensors, the ambient temperature and humidity sensors, and the integrated soil sensors is the same as the number of microcontrollers in the controller assembly, and the multispectral sensors, the ambient temperature and humidity sensors, and the integrated soil sensors are respectively connected to corresponding microcontrollers; and / or

[0022] The heating component includes an electric heating film, which is laid 15 cm to 20 cm below the soil; and / or

[0023] The cooling components include an air cooling system located at the top of the red poplar planting area. 2 The space is equipped with 1-2 air cooling systems; and / or

[0024] The humidification component includes a high-pressure mist system, which is set at 0.5m to 0.8m from the canopy of the red poplar; and / or

[0025] Temperature and humidity control components include skylight wet curtains and ventilators, every 100m 2 Configuration 10-15m 2 Skylight wet curtains and a ventilator.

[0026] In some embodiments, the multispectral sensor is installed at a height of 0.8m to 1.2m above the seedlings; and / or

[0027] One ambient temperature and humidity sensor is installed every 10m2 ~15m 2 and / or

[0028] The number of integrated soil sensors is 3 to 4; and / or

[0029] The installation height of the spectrum LED array is 0.5m to 0.8m above the canopy of the red poplar.

[0030] In some embodiments, in a smart greenhouse, on cloudy days, the light intensity in the morning and evening is less than 600 μmol / (m 2 ·s), the light intensity is increased to 600μmol / (m 2 ·s)~800μmol / (m 2 s); and / or

[0031] Through the second supplement of adjustable spectrum LED, the ratio of blue light 450nm and red light 660nm is 1.5:1, and the illumination is 5 hours to 7 hours a day, for example, 5 hours, 5.5 hours, 6 hours, 6.5 hours, and 7 hours.

[0032] In some embodiments, the first supplementary light time is 7:00-9:00 in the morning and 17:00-18:30 in the afternoon, 2.5 hours to 4.5 hours per day; and / or

[0033] The second fill light time is 8:00-11:00 in the morning and 15:00-18:00 in the afternoon, 5 hours to 7 hours a day.

[0034] In some embodiments, by adjusting the power of the electric heating film and the air volume of the air cooling system, the ambient temperature of the lower layer of the growth space of the middle red poplar 0.5m to 1m from the soil surface is set to 25°C to 28°C; and / or

[0035] By adjusting the power of the electric heating film and the air volume of the air cooling system, the ambient temperature of the space is maintained at 24℃~27℃ during the day; and / or

[0036] Maintain the ambient temperature at 15°C for 1 to 2 hours between 3 and 4 o'clock in the evening; and / or

[0037] The humidity should be maintained at 60% to 80% during the day and 35% to 45% at night.

[0038] In some embodiments, the soil temperature in the planting area of Populus rubrum is 15° C. to 30° C.; and / or

[0039] The soil moisture content in the planting area of Populus chinensis is 12% to 24%; and / or

[0040] The soil pH in the planting area of Populus rubrum should be 6.5-7; and / or

[0041] The soil calcium content in the planting area of Populus chinensis is 600mg / kg to 900mg / kg; and / or

[0042] The soil exchangeable magnesium content in the planting area of Populus chinensis is 90mg / kg to 120mg / kg; and / or

[0043] The soil phosphorus content in the planting area of Populus chinensis is 15mg / kg to 30mg / kg; and / or

[0044] The soil potassium content in the planting area of Chinese red poplar is 50mg / kg~70mg / kg.

[0045] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0046] This application provides a control method for the "dynamic coupling of light quality-light intensity-temperature difference-humidity" for the fast-growing, tall tree-type colorful leaf species 'Populus chinensis'. By balancing the vertical temperature difference and pulse humidity quantity and quality of the important growth environment factors that affect the coloring of the leaves of Populus chinensis (temperature difference, light intensity, light quality, soil nutrients, pH value, etc.), simulating the natural circadian rhythm in a three-dimensional space, creating a growth environment that can significantly prolong the coloring period of the leaves of Populus chinensis and stabilize the color of the leaves, and achieving very significant results. It provides strong technical support for other spring-colored leaf species to extend the leaf color viewing period and improve the viewing quality in a three-dimensional space habitat;

[0047] This application establishes a humanized and intelligent operating platform for environmental monitoring in the monitoring system, combining human design and planning thinking with the system's intelligent data processing. Once the monitored data exceeds the preset threshold, the system will automatically trigger the corresponding control measures, such as starting fill lights, fan cooling, heating or water spraying operations. Through real-time feedback from sensors, the "monitoring-analysis-execution" is fully automated, and complex objects with special control needs such as the spring-colored leaf plant 'Zhonghongyang' are successfully controlled to achieve the purpose of regulating the viewing period and quality of leaf color. In practice, it can further combine manual operation experience memory with computer automatic learning and memory to gradually establish a mature monitoring program, and the manager can also optimize and modify the monitoring strategy established by the system;

[0048] The leaf viewing period of the 'Zhonghong Yang' regulated by this application is extended by more than 30 days compared to the control (plants grown under normal conditions). While the leaves of the control plants had already turned green after May 13, the anthocyanin content of the leaves of the regulated plants on May 28 was 195.80% higher than that of the control plants, and the chlorophyll content was also higher than that of the control plants. The anthocyanin / chlorophyll ratio was relatively stable, and the red color of the leaves was better. By June 13, the anthocyanin content and anthocyanin / chlorophyll ratio of the leaves of the regulated plants were comparable to those of the leaves of the control plants on May 13, showing a clear regreening phenomenon.

[0049] The red hue a* value of the leaves of the 'Zhonghong Poplar' regulated by the present application is always higher than that of the control, and the yellow hue b* value is also relatively low. After May 13, the red hue a* value was significantly higher than that of the control group, and on June 13, it was 188.74% higher than that of the control group. The present invention significantly improves the red color of the leaves of the 'Zhonghong Poplar'. When the leaves of the 'Zhonghong Poplar' turn green under the natural environment from May to June, the red a* value of the leaves of the 'Zhonghong Poplar' regulated by the present application remains at a high level, and the red color of the leaves is more intense than that of the control. The viewing time and quality are significantly extended and improved compared with the control.

[0050] This application achieves a method of intelligently and scientifically adjusting environmental factors to influence and mobilize the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), key catalytic enzymes in the anthocyanidin synthesis pathway in the leaves of 'Central Red Poplar', providing sufficient power and material basis for the synthesis of more anthocyanins. This significantly increases the anthocyanin content and anthocyanin / chlorophyll ratio in the leaves, maintaining a high level of the leaf red hue a* value, extending the red leaf period by more than 30 days compared to the control, and significantly improving the ornamental quality of the leaves.

[0051] This application can effectively overcome the shortcomings of traditional greenhouses in real-time detection and control of environmental data, and provide a suitable environment for the maintenance and extension of leaf color without affecting the growth of spring-colored foliage plants. The design of the method not only improves the intelligence level of the greenhouse, but also controls the internal environment of the greenhouse through scientific means, solves the seasonal growth problem of plants, and greatly improves the efficiency and quality of forestry production. In addition to garden landscapes, the method also supports modular expansion (such as adding a CO concentration control module), which is suitable for different climatic regions, such as the high humidity environment in the south and the dry environment in the north. It can be expanded to high-end seedling export bases and urban three-dimensional greening projects, and realize the migration of southern trees to the north and northern trees to the south in specific environments, creating a plant landscape in a different place. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below only relate to some embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.

[0053] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for controlling the color viewing period and quality of Populus redus leaves in the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application. In addition, it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0055] In this application, unless otherwise specified, directional words such as "upper" and "lower" generally refer to the upper and lower parts of the device in actual use or working state; in addition, in the description of this application, the term "including" means "including but not limited to".

[0056] In this application, "and / or" describes the association relationship between associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. A and B can be singular or plural.

[0057] In this application, "at least one" means one or more, and "plurality" means two or more. "One or several", "at least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single items or plural items. For example, "at least one of a, b, or c", or "at least one of a, b, and c" can all mean: a, b, c, ab (i.e., a and b), ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0058] Various embodiments of the present application may be presented in the form of a range; it should be understood that the description in the form of a range is only for convenience and brevity and should not be understood as a hard limitation on the scope of the present application; therefore, the range description should be considered to have specifically disclosed all possible sub-ranges and single numbers within the range. For example, the description of a range from 1 to 6 should be considered to have specifically disclosed sub-ranges such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6, etc., as well as single numbers within the range, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, which applies regardless of the range. In addition, whenever a numerical range is indicated herein, it is meant to include any cited number (fractional or integer) within the indicated range.

[0059] See also Figure 1 In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for extending the viewing period and quality of the leaves of Populus rubra in spring-colored leaf species, comprising the following steps:

[0060] S01. Provide Chinese red poplar seedlings;

[0061] S02, planting Chinese red poplar seedlings;

[0062] S03. Build an environmental monitoring and control system;

[0063] S04, light intensity, light quality, temperature difference and soil control.

[0064] In the S01:

[0065] In some embodiments, robust, pest-free, two-year-old Chinese red poplar seedlings are provided.

[0066] In some embodiments, the plant height of the Chinese red poplar seedlings is 2.0m to 2.5m, for example, it can be 2.0m, 2.1m, 2.2m, 2.3m, 2.4m, 2.5m, etc.

[0067] In the S02:

[0068] In some embodiments, the number of Populus chinensis seedlings planted is 20 to 30, for example, 20, 22, 25, 26, 28, 30, etc.;

[0069] The spacing between rows and plants is 2.5m to 3m, for example, it can be 2.5m, 2.6m, 2.7m, 2.8m, 2.9m, 3m, etc.

[0070] For example, the number of planted Chinese red poplar seedlings is 25, and the spacing between rows and plants is 3m.

[0071] In said S03:

[0072] In some embodiments, a method for establishing an environmental monitoring and control system includes:

[0073] S031. In the smart greenhouse, the controller assembly is mounted on the wall by wall-mounting;

[0074] S032. Install the data acquisition unit;

[0075] S033. Install the execution unit.

[0076] In said S031:

[0077] It will be appreciated that the number of controller components corresponds to the number of sensors.

[0078] In the S032:

[0079] In some embodiments, the data acquisition unit includes a multispectral sensor, an ambient temperature and humidity sensor, and a comprehensive soil sensor.

[0080] Furthermore, the number of the multispectral sensors, ambient temperature and humidity sensors, and integrated soil sensors is the same as the number of microcontrollers in the controller assembly, and the multispectral sensors, ambient temperature and humidity sensors, and integrated soil sensors are respectively connected to corresponding microcontrollers.

[0081] Furthermore, the installation height of the multispectral sensor is 0.8m to 1.2m above the seedlings, for example, it can be 0.8m, 0.85m, 0.9m, 0.95m, 1m, 1.5m, 1.8m, 2m, etc.

[0082] For example, the multispectral sensor is installed on a liftable bracket to ensure that it receives sufficient light and adjusts its height as the seedlings grow; the number of multispectral sensors installed is every 180-200m in the plane of the three-dimensional space. 2 A multispectral sensor is installed inside, with an interval of 13m to 14m.

[0083] It is understandable that the multispectral sensor should be installed as far away from the light source as possible, and a position that can receive light evenly throughout the entire measurement area should be selected to avoid a large impact on the received data due to being too close to the light source or directly exposed to it, so as to ensure the accuracy of the measurement results; the installation angle should be horizontal to the ground plane, so that the photosensitive position is directly above the red poplar seedlings to conduct all-day spatial light measurement.

[0084] For example, the multispectral sensor is set to have a wavelength range of 350-800 nm and a light intensity range of 10-2000 μmol / m 2 ·s; It can be understood that IP65 dust and water resistance is carried out to ensure the long-term accurate and stable operation of the sensor and to provide reliable feedback control.

[0085] Furthermore, an ambient temperature and humidity sensor is installed every 10m 2 ~15m 2 , for example, it can be 10m 2 、11m 2 、12m 2 、13m 2 、14m 2 、15m 2 wait.

[0086] Exemplarily, the temperature and humidity sensor is fixed by a lifting bracket. The temperature range of the ambient temperature and humidity sensor is 10°C to 70°C, with an accuracy of ±0.5°C; the humidity range is 0-100% RH, with an accuracy of ±3.0% RH; and it adopts IP65 dust and water resistance.

[0087] It can be understood that the environmental temperature and humidity sensors are evenly arranged in the center and around the planting area of the Chinese red poplar seedlings, and are fixed by lifting brackets to ensure that the equipment is stable and does not shake, and the height is maintained in the middle of the observed Chinese red poplar canopy, and the height is adjusted as the Chinese red poplar grows.

[0088] Furthermore, the number of integrated soil sensors is 3 to 4, located in the center and around the planting area of Chinese red poplar seedlings, with an installation spacing of 3m to 4m, for example, 3m, 3.2m, 3.3m, 3.5m, 3.6m, 3.8m, 4m; the installation depth is 20cm to 30cm, for example, 20cm, 22cm, 25cm, 26cm, 28cm, 30cm.

[0089] For example, the temperature range is 0 to 80° C., with an accuracy of ±0.2° C.; the humidity range is 0 to 24%; and the pH value range is 5 to 8.5.

[0090] It can be understood that the installation location of each integrated soil temperature sensor can represent the soil status at the center of the measured area or in different directions, and avoid placing the integrated soil temperature sensor at the edge of the three-dimensional space environment or in a location that is subject to greater external interference, so as to ensure that the measurement results can accurately reflect the overall condition of the soil in the red poplar planting area under observation, and comprehensively and in real time monitor the temperature, moisture content, pH value evolution and improvement dynamic changes of the soil where plants grow.

[0091] In said S033:

[0092] In some embodiments, the execution unit is coupled to the controller assembly.

[0093] In some embodiments, the execution unit includes a spectrum LED array, which includes adjustable spectrum LEDs and fixed spectrum LEDs. The ratio of the adjustable spectrum LEDs to the fixed spectrum LEDs is 2:1 to 3:1, for example, it can be 2:1, 2.2:1, 2.5:1, 2.6:1, 2.8:1, or 3:1.

[0094] Furthermore, the installation height of the spectrum LED array is 0.5m to 0.8m above the canopy of the middle red poplar, for example, it can be 0.5m, 0.6m, 0.7m, 0.8m, etc.

[0095] It is understandable that every 100 square meters of the Chinese red poplar planting area requires 150 LED modules with a power of 100W and a luminous efficiency of 2.5μmol / J (protection level above IP65). The adjustable spectrum LEDs and fixed spectrum LEDs are controlled separately. The lamps are installed on slide rails and arranged in a herringbone shape to improve coverage efficiency and reduce shadow areas. After installation, use lighting simulation software (such as DIALux and AGi32) to verify the uniformity of distribution, and add fill lights at the lower edge of the Chinese red poplar canopy if necessary.

[0096] In some embodiments, the execution unit includes a gradient temperature control device, which includes a heating component, a cooling component, a humidification component, and a temperature and humidity control component.

[0097] Furthermore, the heating component includes an electric heating film, which is laid 15cm to 20cm below the soil, for example, 15cm, 16cm, 17cm, 18cm, 19cm, 20cm, etc.; with the root of the Chinese red poplar trunk as the center, the electric heating film is laid within a range of 1m to 3m from the root.

[0098] Furthermore, a heat-insulating material having the same size as the electric heating film is laid under the electric heating film in order to reduce heat loss to the ground.

[0099] Exemplarily, the thermal insulation material is XPS foam board.

[0100] Furthermore, the refrigeration component includes an air cooling system, which is located at the top of the red poplar planting area, with a cooling fan every 100m 2 The space is equipped with 1-2 air cooling systems.

[0101] For example, the air cooling system is an axial flow fan with an air volume of ≥10,000m 3 / h

[0102] Furthermore, the humidifying component includes a high-pressure micro-mist system, which is arranged at a distance of 0.5m to 0.8m from the canopy of the red poplar, for example, it can be 0.5m, 0.6m, 0.7m, 0.8m, etc.; it sprays downward and outward at an angle of 25° to 35°, for example, it can be inclined at 25°, 26°, 28°, 30°, 32°, 33°, 35°, etc.

[0103] For example, the high-pressure micro-mist system is a high-pressure pump with the following specifications: 10 MPa, flow rate 20 L / min, nozzle aperture 0.15 mm, nozzle spacing 2 meters, and double-row staggered distribution (avoiding LEDs).

[0104] It is understandable that the high-pressure pump tries to avoid directly spraying the red poplar leaves.

[0105] Furthermore, the temperature and humidity control components include skylight wet curtains and ventilators, and every 100m 2 Configuration 10-15m 2 Skylight wet curtains and a ventilator.

[0106] It can be understood that skylight wet curtains and ventilators are installed on the gables to assist in temperature and humidity control, and to adjust the ambient temperature and humidity by accelerating air flow and heat evaporation.

[0107] Exemplarily, the controller component is connected to the spectral sensor, ambient temperature and humidity sensor, integrated soil sensor and execution unit through a standard interface, fixed with bolts and conventional circuit wiring; the spectral sensor, ambient temperature and humidity sensor and integrated soil sensor to be collected are correctly connected to the data input port of the controller component, and the connection is ensured to be firm and reliable; the operating interface of the controller component is used to set the data collection parameters, and the collection frequency is as follows: light intensity is collected once every 30 minutes, multispectral sensor is collected once every 30 minutes, and ambient temperature and humidity sensors are collected once every 60 minutes.

[0108] In said S04:

[0109] Furthermore, in the smart greenhouse, on cloudy days, the light intensity in the morning and evening is less than 600 μmol / (m 2 ·s), the light intensity is increased to 600μmol / (m 2 ·s)~800μmol / (m 2 ·s), for example, it can be 600 μmol / (m 2 ·s)、650μmol / (m 2 ·s)、680μmol / (m 2 ·s)、700μmol / (m 2 ·s)、720μmol / (m 2 ·s)、750μmol / (m 2 ·s)、780μmol / (m 2 ·s)、800μmol / (m 2 ·s) etc.

[0110] Furthermore, the first fill light time is 7:00-9:00 in the morning and 17:00-18:30 in the afternoon, 2.5 hours to 4.5 hours per day, for example, it can be 2.5 hours, 3 hours, 3.5 hours, 4 hours, 4.5 hours, etc.

[0111] It can be understood that light intensity can affect the synthesis of red poplar pigments and regulate related enzyme activities, thereby affecting the color and growth of red poplar. Light intensity directly affects the content and ratio of chlorophyll and anthocyanin, thereby affecting the color of the leaves. Strong light conditions can make the red poplar show the best color.

[0112] Furthermore, through the second supplement of adjustable spectrum LED, the ratio of blue light 450nm and red light 660nm is 1.5:1, and the irradiation time is 5 to 7 hours per day, for example, 5 hours, 5.5 hours, 6 hours, 6.5 hours, and 7 hours.

[0113] Furthermore, the second fill light time is 8:00-11:00 in the morning and 15:00-18:00 in the afternoon, 5 hours to 7 hours a day, for example, 5 hours, 5.5 hours, 6 hours, 6.5 hours, 7 hours, etc.

[0114] It can be understood that light quality also has a significant effect on the leaf color of Populus intermedium. Red light and blue light can significantly increase the activity of PAL enzyme and ANS enzyme in the leaves, thereby increasing the anthocyanin content in the leaves and increasing the ratio of anthocyanin / chlorophyll, making the leaves of Populus intermedium appear red. Red light can also promote the synthesis of chlorophyll and increase the net photosynthetic rate of the leaves.

[0115] Furthermore, by adjusting the power of the electric heating film and the air volume of the air cooling system, the ambient temperature in the lower layer of the growth space of the Populus chinensis, 0.5m to 1m from the soil surface, is set to 25°C to 28°C, for example, 25°C, 25.5°C, 26°C, 26.5°C, 27°C, 27.5°C, 28°C, etc.; and the ambient temperature in the canopy of the Populus chinensis is set to 20°C to 23°C, for example, 20°C, 20.5°C, 21°C, 21.5°C, 22°C, 22.5°C, 23°C, etc. It can be understood that achieving a vertical temperature difference of 5-8°C between the canopy ambient temperature and the root ambient temperature promotes the synthesis and stabilization of anthocyanins in the leaves.

[0116] It can be understood that the lower layer of the growth space of Populus intermedium is 0.5m to 1m away from the soil surface, for example, it can be 0.5m, 0.6m, 0.7m, 0.8m, 0.9m, 1m, etc.

[0117] Furthermore, by adjusting the power of the electric heating film and the air volume of the air cooling system, the ambient temperature of the space during the day is maintained at 24°C to 27°C, for example, 24°C, 24.5°C, 25°C, 25.5°C, 26°C, 26.5°C, 27°C, etc.; the ambient temperature of the space at night is maintained at 15°C to 20°C, for example, 15°C, 15.5°C, 16°C, 16.5°C, 17°C, 18°C, 19°C, 20°C, etc.;

[0118] Furthermore, the ambient temperature was maintained at 15°C for 1 to 2 hours between 3 to 4 o'clock in the evening.

[0119] It can be understood that the large temperature difference between day and night promotes the synthesis of anthocyanins and increases the ratio of anthocyanins to chlorophyll, thereby increasing and stabilizing the red quality of leaves.

[0120] Furthermore, the humidity is maintained at 60% to 80% during the day, for example, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%; the humidity is maintained at 35% to 45% at night, for example, 35%, 38%, 40%, 42%, 45%, etc.

[0121] It is understandable that the increase in the temperature difference between day and night is an important reason for the formation of red leaves of Populus intermedius in spring and autumn, and low temperature at night can promote the synthesis of anthocyanins.

[0122] Furthermore, the soil temperature in the planting area of Populus chinensis is 15°C to 30°C, for example, 15°C, 16°C, 18°C, 20°C, 22°C, 25°C, 26°C, 28°C, 30°C, etc.;

[0123] Furthermore, the soil moisture content in the planting area of Populus chinensis is 12% to 24%, for example, it can be 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 24%, etc.

[0124] Furthermore, the soil pH in the planting area of Populus chinensis is 6.5-7, for example, it can be 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 7, etc.

[0125] Furthermore, the soil calcium content in the planting area of Populus chinensis is 600 mg / kg to 900 mg / kg, for example, 600 mg / kg, 650 mg / kg, 700 mg / kg, 750 mg / kg, 800 mg / kg, 850 mg / kg, 900 mg / kg, etc.

[0126] The exchangeable magnesium content of the soil in the planting area of Populus chinensis is 90 mg / kg to 120 mg / kg, for example, it can be 90 mg / kg, 95 mg / kg, 100 mg / kg, 105 mg / kg, 110 mg / kg, 115 mg / kg, 120 mg / kg, etc.

[0127] The soil phosphorus content in the planting area of Populus chinensis is 15 mg / kg to 30 mg / kg, for example, it can be 15 mg / kg, 18 mg / kg, 20 mg / kg, 22 mg / kg, 25 mg / kg, 28 mg / kg, 30 mg / kg, etc.

[0128] The potassium content of the soil in the planting area of Populus chinensis is 50 mg / kg to 70 mg / kg, for example, it can be 50 mg / kg, 55 mg / kg, 60 mg / kg, 65 mg / kg, 70 mg / kg, etc.

[0129] It can be understood that the temperature, moisture content and pH value of the soil are monitored through integrated soil sensors, and the soil temperature is maintained at 15℃~30℃ and the soil moisture content is maintained at 12%~24% through the control of electric heating film, air cooling system and high-pressure mist system. The soil pH value is maintained between 6.5-7.0 by applying organic matter and fertilizer.

[0130] It can also be understood that the effective absorption of calcium, magnesium, and copper metal ions in the soil by Populus chinensis can form complexes with anthocyanins and chlorophyll, improving the synthesis and stability of anthocyanins and enhancing the color of the leaves. Furthermore, the metal ions calcium, magnesium, and copper are also essential trace minerals for the life activities of Populus chinensis. They are important components of some oxidases and can promote the metabolism and protein synthesis of Populus chinensis, thereby improving its resistance. Soil pH is the most important factor in changing the color of Populus chinensis leaves by affecting the structure of anthocyanins. Slightly acidic or neutral soils can promote the color of colorful leaves, while alkaline soils inhibit color.

[0131] Application Examples

[0132] Select two-year-old 'Zhonghongyang' seedlings that are healthy, disease-free and insect-free, with a plant height of 2.0-2.5m.

[0133] Under the greenhouse environment conditions of the present invention, 25 'Chinese red poplar' seedlings were planted as the experimental group with a plant spacing of 3m, and the method for regulating and controlling the leaf color appreciation period and quality of the spring-leaf tree species Chinese red poplar of the present invention was adopted; under the outdoor field environment, 25 'Chinese red poplar' seedlings were planted as the control group with a plant spacing of 3m and normal field management was adopted.

[0134] Effects on leaf pigment content and ratio

[0135] In late March, when the first leaf expanded to a width of 1.5-2 cm, the chlorophyll and anthocyanin contents of the leaves were measured every 15 days, and the anthocyanin / chlorophyll ratio was calculated. The results are shown in Table 1. The growth rates in the table are the growth rates of the experimental group compared with the control group.

[0136] Table 1. Changes and differences in leaf pigment content and ratio at different stages

[0137]

[0138] Table 1 shows that before April 28, there was little difference in anthocyanin content between the experimental and control groups. On May 13, the anthocyanin content in the control group's leaves began to drop below 1.0 mg·g⁻¹, while the anthocyanin content in the experimental group's leaves remained high, only beginning to drop below 1.0 mg·g⁻¹ on June 13. From May 13 to June 13, the anthocyanin content in the experimental group's leaves was significantly higher than that in the control group, reaching a 195.80% increase on May 28.

[0139] On March 28, the chlorophyll content of the leaves of the experimental group's 'Zhonghong Poplar' was 9.45% lower than that of the control group. Subsequently, the chlorophyll content of the leaves of the experimental group was slightly higher than that of the control group. Overall, there was no significant difference in the chlorophyll content of the leaves of the experimental and control groups' 'Zhonghong Poplar'.

[0140] From March 28 to April 28, there was little difference in the anthocyanin / chlorophyll ratio of the leaves of the experimental group and the control group'Zhonghong Poplar'. From May 13 to June 13, the anthocyanin / chlorophyll ratio of the leaves of the experimental group'Zhonghong Poplar' was significantly higher than that of the control group.

[0141] Research has shown that the ratio of anthocyanin to chlorophyll content directly influences leaf color, with anthocyanin content being the most direct factor. A higher ratio results in a more reddish appearance, while a lower ratio results in a greenish appearance. Experimental results showed that on March 28th, the anthocyanin / chlorophyll ratio in newly unfolded leaves of the experimental group's 'Zhonghong Poplar' trees was higher than that of the control group, both exceeding 3, resulting in a bright red appearance. From April 13th to 28th, both anthocyanin and chlorophyll content in leaves of both groups showed a significant upward trend, while the anthocyanin / chlorophyll ratio remained relatively stable, demonstrating a favorable red appearance. From May 13th to June 13th, chlorophyll content in both experimental and control leaves continued to increase, while anthocyanin content and anthocyanin / chlorophyll ratio decreased significantly in the control group, leading to a noticeable greening of the leaves. However, anthocyanin content in the leaves of the experimental group's 'Zhonghong Poplar' trees remained relatively high, with a noticeable greening only occurring on June 13th.

[0142] Effects on leaf color parameters

[0143] In late March, when the first leaf expanded and reached a width of 1.5-2 cm, leaf color parameters a* and b*, as well as lightness L*, were measured every 15 days using a portable Konica Minolta CR-400 colorimeter (originally imported from Japan). The results are shown in the table below. The growth rates in the table represent the growth rates of the experimental group compared to the control group.

[0144] Table 2. Changes and differences in leaf color parameters at different stages

[0145]

[0146]

[0147] The parameter a* value reflects the hue of the red and green attributes. When it changes from a negative value to a positive value, it means that the green is weakened and the red is enhanced. The parameter b* value reflects the hue of the yellow and blue attributes. When it changes from a negative value to a positive value, it means that the blue gradually decreases and the yellow increases. L* reflects the brightness of the color. When the L* value ranges from 0 to 100, the brightness gradually becomes stronger, that is, from black to white.

[0148] Table 2 shows that the a* values of the leaves of the experimental group's 'Zhonghong Poplar' trees were consistently higher than those of the control group, with little difference before April 28. After May 13, the a* values of the leaves of the experimental group's 'Zhonghong Poplar' trees remained significantly higher than those of the control group, reaching a 188.74% increase on June 13. The red hue of the leaves remained very stable, while the a* values of the leaves of the control group plants had dropped to 0.693, with the red color of the leaves being very weak and the green color being enhanced.

[0149] The b* value of leaves in the experimental group's 'Zhonghong Poplar' trees was consistently lower than that in the control group. The leaves in the experimental group exhibited a less yellow hue and a stronger blue hue, resulting in a richer red and superior ornamental quality. The difference became more pronounced after May 13th, when the b* value of leaves in the experimental group's 'Zhonghong Poplar' trees was 59.57% lower than that in the control group. As of June 13th, the b* value remained 22.14% lower than that in the control group.

[0150] From March 28 to May 28, the leaf brightness L* value of the experimental group's 'Zhonghong Poplar' was slightly lower than that of the control group, with little difference, indicating that the leaf brightness was slightly lower, which was related to the deeper color of the leaves of the experimental group's 'Zhonghong Poplar'.

[0151] In summary, from May 13 to June 13, when the red color of the leaves of the 'Zhonghong Poplar' plants grown in a natural environment decreased significantly and gradually turned green, the red a* value of the leaves of the 'Zhonghong Poplar' plants grown in the regulated environment of the present invention remained at a relatively high level, and the yellow b* value was also relatively low, extending the optimal leaf color holding period of the 'Zhonghong Poplar' in spring and summer by more than 30 days, and the red color of the leaves became more intense, significantly improving the ornamental quality and economic benefits of the 'Zhonghong Poplar'.

[0152] Effects on the activities of anthocyanin-related synthases in leaves

[0153] The activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) in the leaves were measured on April 13, May 13, and June 13, respectively. The results are shown in Table 3. The growth rates in the table are the growth rates of the experimental groups compared with the control group.

[0154] Table 3. Changes and differences in anthocyanin-related synthase activities in leaves at different stages

[0155]

[0156] Environmental factors (low temperature, light quality, pH value, etc.) can significantly affect the activity of aminoacid ammonia lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) and other enzymes in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway. These three active enzymes play an important role in key reactions such as the synthesis of anthocyanin phenylpropionic acid substances, the anabolism of flavonoids, and the modification of anthocyanin skeleton after synthesis. A significant increase in their activity can affect the synthesis of anthocyanins, thereby increasing the anthocyanin / chlorophyll ratio, making the leaves appear red.

[0157] The test results show that:

[0158] The activities of key enzymes in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway, PAL, CHS, and ANS, in the leaves of 'Zhonghong Poplar' plants regulated by the present invention, were significantly increased on May 13th and June 13th compared to the control, with the difference gradually increasing. On June 13th, PAL, CHS, and ANS activities increased by 34.56%, 160.11%, and 23.91%, respectively, compared to the control group. The present invention has a particularly significant impact on the synthesis and metabolism of flavonoids in leaves. Through intelligent and scientific manipulation of environmental factors, the present invention effectively mobilizes the activity of endogenous substances that influence plant anthocyanin synthesis, providing sufficient motivation and material basis for the synthesis of more anthocyanins. It significantly increases the anthocyanin content and anthocyanin / chlorophyll ratio in the leaves of 'Zhonghong Poplar', a spring-colored foliage tree, maintaining a high a* value for the red hue of the leaves, extending the red leaf period by more than 30 days, and improving the ornamental quality of the leaves.

[0159] The basic concepts have been described above. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the detailed disclosure above is merely illustrative and does not limit the present application. Although not explicitly stated herein, those skilled in the art may make various modifications, improvements, and amendments to the present application. Such modifications, improvements, and amendments are suggested in the present application and remain within the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of the present application.

[0160] At the same time, this application uses specific terms to describe the embodiments of this application. For example, "one embodiment," "an embodiment," and / or "some embodiments" refer to a certain feature, structure, or characteristic related to at least one embodiment of this application. Therefore, it should be emphasized and noted that "one embodiment," "an embodiment," or "an alternative embodiment" mentioned twice or multiple times in different locations in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, certain features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments of this application may be appropriately combined.

Claims

1. A method for extending the viewing period and quality of the leaves of red poplar in spring-colored leaf species, characterized in that: The steps include: Provide Chinese red poplar seedlings; Planting Chinese red poplar seedlings; Build an environmental monitoring and control system; Light intensity, light quality, temperature difference and soil control.

2. The method for extending the viewing period and quality of the leaves of Populus rubra according to claim 1, characterized in that: Provide healthy, disease- and insect-free two-year-old Chinese red poplar seedlings; and / or The height of Populus rubra seedlings is 2.0m to 2.5m; and / or The number of planted Chinese red poplar seedlings is 20 to 30, and the spacing between rows and plants is 2.5m to 3m.

3. The method for extending the viewing period and quality of the leaves of Populus rubra according to claim 1, characterized in that: Methods for building an environmental monitoring and control system include: In the smart greenhouse, the controller components are installed on the wall by wall mounting; Install the data acquisition unit; Install the execution unit.

4. The method for extending the viewing period and quality of the leaves of Populus rubra according to claim 3, characterized in that: The data acquisition unit includes a multi-spectral sensor, an environmental temperature and humidity sensor and a comprehensive soil sensor; and / or The execution unit is connected to the controller component; and / or The execution unit includes a spectrum LED array, wherein the spectrum LED array includes adjustable spectrum LEDs and fixed spectrum LEDs, and the ratio of the adjustable spectrum LEDs to the fixed spectrum LEDs is 2:1 to 3:1; and / or The execution unit includes a gradient temperature control device, which includes a heating component, a refrigeration component, a humidification component and a temperature and humidity control component.

5. The method for extending the viewing period and quality of the leaves of Populus rubra according to claim 4, characterized in that: The number of the multispectral sensors, the ambient temperature and humidity sensors, and the integrated soil sensors is the same as the number of the microcontrollers in the controller assembly, and the multispectral sensors, the ambient temperature and humidity sensors, and the integrated soil sensors are connected to corresponding microcontrollers respectively; and / or The heating component includes an electric heating film, which is laid 15 cm to 20 cm below the soil; and / or The cooling components include an air cooling system located at the top of the red poplar planting area. 2 The space is equipped with 1-2 air cooling systems; and / or The humidification component includes a high-pressure mist system, which is set at 0.5m to 0.8m from the canopy of the red poplar; and / or Temperature and humidity control components include skylight wet curtains and ventilators, every 100m 2 Configuration 10-15m 2 Skylight wet curtains and a ventilator.

6. The method for extending the viewing period and quality of the leaves of Populus rubra according to claim 4, characterized in that: The multispectral sensor is installed at a height of 0.8m to 1.2m above the seedlings; and / or One ambient temperature and humidity sensor is installed every 10m 2 ~15m 2 and / or The number of integrated soil sensors is 3 to 4; and / or The installation height of the spectrum LED array is 0.5m to 0.8m above the canopy of the red poplar.

7. The method for extending the viewing period and quality of the leaves of Populus rubra according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the smart greenhouse, on cloudy days, the light intensity in the morning and evening is less than 600 μmol / (m 2 ·s), the light intensity is increased to 600μmol / (m 2 ·s)~800μmol / (m 2 s); and / or Through the second supplement of adjustable spectrum LED, the ratio of blue light 450nm and red light 660nm is 1.5:1, and the illumination is 5 hours to 7 hours a day, for example, 5 hours, 5.5 hours, 6 hours, 6.5 hours, and 7 hours.

8. The method for extending the viewing period and quality of the leaves of Populus rubra according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first supplementary lighting time is 7:00-9:00 in the morning and 17:00-18:30 in the afternoon, 2.5 hours to 4.5 hours per day; and / or The second fill light time is 8:00-11:00 in the morning and 15:00-18:00 in the afternoon, 5 hours to 7 hours a day.

9. The method for extending the viewing period and quality of the leaves of Populus rubra according to claim 5, characterized in that: By adjusting the power of the electric heating film and the air volume of the air cooling system, the ambient temperature of the lower layer of the growth space of the middle red poplar 0.5m to 1m from the soil surface is 25℃ to 28℃; and / or By adjusting the power of the electric heating film and the air volume of the air cooling system, the ambient temperature of the space is maintained at 24℃~27℃ during the day; and / or Maintain the ambient temperature at 15°C for 1 to 2 hours between 3 and 4 o'clock in the evening; and / or The humidity should be maintained at 60% to 80% during the day and 35% to 45% at night.

10. The method for extending the viewing period and quality of the leaves of Populus rubra according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil temperature in the planting area of Populus rubra is 15℃~30℃; and / or The soil moisture content in the planting area of Populus chinensis is 12% to 24%; and / or The soil pH in the planting area of Populus rubrum should be 6.5-7; and / or The soil calcium content in the planting area of Populus chinensis is 600mg / kg to 900mg / kg; and / or The soil exchangeable magnesium content in the planting area of Populus chinensis is 90mg / kg to 120mg / kg; and / or The soil phosphorus content in the planting area of Populus chinensis is 15mg / kg to 30mg / kg; and / or The soil potassium content in the planting area of Chinese red poplar is 50mg / kg~70mg / kg.

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