Ecological modifier for ecological restoration of green mine and preparation and application methods thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological improver for ecological restoration of a green mine. The ecological improver is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-70 parts of a sludge aerobic fermentation product, 10-30 parts of humic acid, 5-15 parts of perlite, 5-15 parts of biochar and 1-5 parts of a compound microbial agent, the sludge aerobic fermentation product is obtained by performing aerobic fermentation on dewatered sludge generated by a municipal sewage treatment plant, and the compound microbial agent comprises bacillus and saccharomycetes. The raw material components are weighed in proportion, stirred, mixed and granulated to obtain the ecological improver for ecological restoration of the green mine, the ecological improver is spread on the surface of mine soil and then turned over to be fully mixed with the soil, and vegetation is planted on the soil for restoration. The modifier can effectively improve the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of mine soil, creates good growth conditions for mine vegetation recovery, and also has the characteristics of good improvement effect, short restoration period and low cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of mine restoration, and in particular relates to a green mine ecological restoration ecological improver and a preparation and application method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of industrialization, mining activities are becoming increasingly frequent. Many mines have caused serious damage to the surrounding ecological environment during the mining process. This damages soil structure, reduces fertility, and hinders vegetation growth, leading to a series of ecological problems such as soil erosion and reduced biodiversity. Therefore, mine remediation is necessary and urgent.

[0003] Traditional mine remediation methods include chemical remediation and physical remediation. Commonly used chemical remediation methods include chemical oxidation, chemical reduction, and soil leaching. These methods oxidize or reduce pollutants into harmless or low-toxic substances by adding oxidants or reductants to the soil. They can also remove heavy metals and organic pollutants from the soil by adding mixed solvents to the soil for leaching. However, chemical remediation methods require the addition of large amounts of agents or solvents, which is not only costly but may also cause secondary pollution and be harmful to soil microorganisms and plants. Physical remediation mainly includes soil covering and soil excavation. Contaminated soil is covered with clean soil or directly excavated and sent to treatment facilities for treatment or safe landfill. Although soil covering is low-cost, the remediation effect is poor. Soil excavation can effectively remove pollutants, but it is costly, requires a large amount of engineering work, and may also damage the soil structure.

[0004] In recent years, the use of bio-based materials (such as wood chips, plant residues, biochar, etc.) for mine ecological restoration has gradually attracted attention. However, the poor stability of bio-based materials can easily affect the restoration effect. In addition, bio-based materials need further improvement in improving soil structure, increasing soil fertility and water retention capacity. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the above-mentioned shortcomings, the present invention discloses a green mine ecological restoration ecological improver and its preparation and application method. The ecological improver for green mine ecological restoration is prepared using aerobic fermentation products of municipal sludge as the main raw materials, and is combined with humic acid, perlite, biochar, composite microbial agents, etc. The improver can effectively improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of mine soil, create good growth conditions for mine vegetation restoration, and also has the characteristics of good improvement effect, short restoration cycle and low cost.

[0006] The present invention is achieved by adopting the following technical solutions: A green mine ecological restoration and ecological improver comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-70 parts of sludge aerobic fermentation product, 10-30 parts of humic acid, 5-15 parts of perlite, 5-15 parts of biochar, and 1-5 parts of a composite microbial agent; the sludge aerobic fermentation product is obtained by aerobic fermentation of dewatered sludge produced by a municipal sewage treatment plant, and the composite microbial agent comprises Bacillus and yeast.

[0007] Further optimization, the moisture content of the dewatered sludge is 70% to 80%, and calculated by mass fraction, the organic matter content in the dewatered sludge is 40% to 60%, the nitrogen content is 3% to 5%, the phosphorus content is 1% to 2%, and the potassium content is 1% to 3%.

[0008] Further optimization, the method for preparing the sludge aerobic fermentation product includes the following steps: S1. Take the dewatered sludge produced by the municipal sewage treatment plant, screen it, remove impurities and large particles, and then dehydrate it to obtain sludge with a moisture content of 60% to 70%; S2. The sludge obtained in step S1 is piled into windrows and fermented at a temperature of 55° C. to 65° C. for 45 days to obtain a primary fermentation product. During this fermentation process, a "windrow type + forced ventilation" method can be adopted. The organic matter in the process sludge begins to decompose, generating heat, which increases the temperature, thereby killing pathogens and promoting the conversion of organic matter. S3, after turning the primary fermentation product obtained in step S2, piling it into strips again, and fermenting it at a temperature of 50°C to 60°C for 30 days to obtain a secondary fermentation product. During this fermentation process, the organic matter in the sludge is further decomposed to form stable humus, and at the same time, the microbial flora in the sludge is fully developed; S4. Air-drying the secondary fermentation product obtained in step S3 to reduce its moisture content to 35% to 40%, and then sieving to remove impurities and undecomposed particles therein to obtain a sludge aerobic fermentation product.

[0009] For further optimization, in step S1 , a conditioner is added to the obtained sludge, wherein the conditioner includes sawdust and straw, thereby improving the ventilation and structure of the sludge, which is beneficial to the subsequent fermentation process.

[0010] For further optimization, in step S3, the primary fermentation product obtained in step S2 is turned over and nutrients are added, and then the product is stacked into strips. The nutrients include nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which can adjust the nutritional balance of the sludge.

[0011] The preparation method of the green mine ecological restoration ecological improver comprises the following steps: (1) Weighing the raw material components in proportion, then taking the sludge aerobic fermentation product, screening, washing, dehydrating, and placing it in a blender with humic acid, perlite, biochar and composite microbial agent, and stirring and mixing at a stirring speed of 100-300 r / min for 10-15 minutes to obtain a mixed material; (2) The mixture obtained in step (1) is placed in a disc granulator or an extrusion granulator to granulate to obtain the green mine ecological restoration and ecological improver. The mixture is made into granules with a certain particle size and strength for easy storage, transportation and application.

[0012] The application method of the green mine ecological restoration ecological modifier, which is used for mine restoration, specifically comprises the following steps: A. Carry out land reclamation and soil tillage in the mine restoration area to remove debris and break up soil clods to create basic conditions for the application of amendments and vegetation growth. The land reclamation includes leveling the land and building a drainage system. The soil is tilled to a depth of 30 to 50 cm to break up soil compaction and increase soil permeability and water retention; B. Evenly spread the green mine ecological restoration ecological improver on the soil surface at an application rate of 10 to 20 t / hm². The application process uses spreading equipment, such as a fertilizer spreader or manual spreading, to ensure that the ecological improver is evenly distributed on the soil surface; C. Use tillage machinery to fully mix the green mine ecological restoration ecological improver with the soil, so that the green mine ecological restoration ecological improver is evenly distributed in the soil tillage layer to a depth of 20 to 30 cm, ensuring that the effective ingredients of the improver are in full contact with the soil to play an improvement role. The soil mixing process uses tillage equipment, such as a tractor or a rotary tiller, to fully mix the ecological improver with the soil to form a uniform soil layer; D. Irrigating the soil treated in step C, and then selecting vegetation species for sowing or planting; the vegetation species include herbaceous plants Bermuda grass and white clover, and shrubs Amorpha fruticosa and Lespedeza; Irrigation should be carried out according to the soil moisture conditions of the mine and the growth requirements of vegetation to maintain suitable soil moisture, promote microbial activity and plant growth. Irrigation equipment such as sprinkler irrigation or drip irrigation should be used in the irrigation process. The irrigation amount and frequency should be reasonably controlled according to the soil moisture conditions and plant water requirements. Suitable mine vegetation species should be selected for sowing or planting, such as the herbaceous plants Bermuda grass and white clover, and the shrub plants Amorpha fruticosa and Lespedeza. The plant community structure should be reasonably configured according to the plant growth characteristics and environmental conditions of the restoration area to improve the vegetation restoration effect and stability. The vegetation restoration process includes seed treatment, sowing or planting, maintenance and management, etc. to ensure the survival rate and growth status of the plants.

[0013] E. During vegetation growth, regularly monitor soil fertility, vegetation growth, and ecological changes. Conduct maintenance and management based on actual conditions until the mine ecosystem reaches a stable and healthy cycle. This maintenance and management includes topdressing, pest and disease control, and replanting. The maintenance and management process includes regular monitoring, data analysis, and the development and implementation of measures to ensure the stability and sustainability of the mine ecosystem.

[0014] Compared with the existing technology, this technical solution has the following beneficial effects: 1. Resource recycling: Using the aerobic fermentation products of municipal sludge as the main raw materials, the resource utilization of solid waste is realized, which not only reduces the pollution of sludge to the environment, but also reduces the production cost of ecological improvers, which is in line with the development concept of circular economy.

[0015] 2. Multi-effect improvement: The components in the ecological modifier work synergistically with each other to effectively improve the physical structure of mine soil, increase the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity, reduce the soil's heavy metal content and organic pollutant concentration, and improve soil fertility. This multi-effect improvement creates a good soil environment for vegetation growth and helps improve the effect of mine ecological restoration.

[0016] 3. Promote vegetation recovery: The composite microbial agents in the ecological improver can decompose organic matter, fix nitrogen, provide nutrients for plant growth, promote plant root development, improve plant resistance and survival rate, accelerate the recovery of mine vegetation, increase vegetation coverage, and enhance the stability and biodiversity of the mine ecosystem.

[0017] 4. Environmentally friendly: The production and use of ecological modifiers do not generate secondary pollution, which meets the requirements of green mine construction and ecological environment protection, and is conducive to the sustainable development of mine ecological restoration. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the present invention. Specific experimental conditions and methods not specified in the following examples are conventional methods well known to those skilled in the art.

[0019] Example 1: A green mine ecological restoration and ecological improver, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of aerobic fermentation product of sludge, 20 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of perlite, 10 parts of biochar, and 2 parts of a composite microbial agent; the aerobic fermentation product of sludge is obtained by aerobic fermentation of dewatered sludge produced by a municipal sewage treatment plant, and the composite microbial agent includes Bacillus and yeast; the dewatered sludge has a moisture content of 75%, and, calculated by mass fraction, the dewatered sludge has an organic matter content of 50%, a nitrogen content of 4%, a phosphorus content of 1.5%, and a potassium content of 2%; The method for preparing the sludge aerobic fermentation product described in this embodiment comprises the following steps: S1. Dewatered sludge generated by a municipal sewage treatment plant is screened to remove impurities and large particles, and then dehydrated to obtain sludge with a moisture content of 65%. Sawdust is added to the sludge in an amount of 10% by weight of the sludge. S2, piling the sludge obtained in step S1 into piles, and fermenting at 60° C. for 45 days to obtain a primary fermentation product; S3, after turning the primary fermentation product obtained in step S2, piling it into strips again, and fermenting it at a temperature of 55° C. for 30 days to obtain a secondary fermentation product; S4. Air-drying the secondary fermentation product obtained in step S3 to reduce its moisture content to 36%, and then sieving to remove impurities and undecomposed particles therein to obtain a sludge aerobic fermentation product.

[0020] The preparation method of the green mine ecological restoration ecological improver described in this embodiment comprises the following steps: (1) Weigh the raw material components in proportion, then take the sludge aerobic fermentation product, screen, wash, dehydrate it, put it into a blender with humic acid, perlite, biochar and composite microbial agent, and stir and mix it at a stirring speed of 200 r / min for 12 minutes to obtain a mixed material; (2) The mixed material obtained in step (1) is placed in a disc granulator or an extrusion granulator to granulate to obtain the green mine ecological restoration ecological improver.

[0021] Example 2: A green mine ecological restoration and ecological improver, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of aerobic fermentation product of sludge, 10 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of perlite, 5 parts of biochar, and 1 part of a composite microbial agent; the aerobic fermentation product of sludge is obtained by aerobic fermentation of dewatered sludge produced by a municipal sewage treatment plant, and the composite microbial agent includes Bacillus and yeast; the dewatered sludge has a moisture content of 70%, and, calculated by mass fraction, the dewatered sludge has an organic matter content of 40%, a nitrogen content of 3%, a phosphorus content of 1%, and a potassium content of 1%; The method for preparing the sludge aerobic fermentation product described in this embodiment comprises the following steps: S1. Dewatered sludge generated by a municipal sewage treatment plant is screened to remove impurities and large particles, and then dehydrated to obtain sludge with a moisture content of 60%. Sawdust and straw are added to the sludge, with the amount of the sawdust and straw being 8% of the weight of the sludge. S2, piling the sludge obtained in step S1 into piles, and fermenting at a temperature of 55° C. for 45 days to obtain a primary fermentation product; S3, after turning the primary fermentation product obtained in step S2, piling it into strips again, and fermenting it at a temperature of 50° C. for 30 days to obtain a secondary fermentation product; S4. Air-drying the secondary fermentation product obtained in step S3 to reduce its moisture content to 35%, and then sieving to remove impurities and undecomposed particles therein to obtain a sludge aerobic fermentation product.

[0022] The preparation method of the green mine ecological restoration ecological improver described in this embodiment comprises the following steps: (1) Weigh the raw material components in proportion, then take the sludge aerobic fermentation product, screen, wash, dehydrate it, put it into a blender with humic acid, perlite, biochar and composite microbial agent, and stir and mix it for 10 minutes at a stirring speed of 100 r / min to obtain a mixed material; (2) The mixed material obtained in step (1) is placed in a disc granulator or an extrusion granulator to granulate to obtain the green mine ecological restoration ecological improver.

[0023] Example 3: A green mine ecological restoration and ecological improver, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65 parts of aerobic fermentation product of sludge, 15 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of perlite, 6 parts of biochar, and 3 parts of a composite microbial agent; the aerobic fermentation product of sludge is obtained by aerobic fermentation of dewatered sludge produced by a municipal sewage treatment plant, and the composite microbial agent includes Bacillus and yeast; the dewatered sludge has a moisture content of 75%, and, calculated by mass fraction, the organic matter content of the dewatered sludge is 55%, the nitrogen content is 4.5%, the phosphorus content is 1.5%, and the potassium content is 2%; The method for preparing the sludge aerobic fermentation product described in this embodiment comprises the following steps: S1. Dewatered sludge generated by a municipal sewage treatment plant is screened to remove impurities and large particles, and then dehydrated to obtain sludge with a moisture content of 65%. Sawdust is added to the sludge in an amount of 10% by weight of the sludge. S2, piling the sludge obtained in step S1 into piles, and fermenting at a temperature of 62° C. for 45 days to obtain a primary fermentation product; S3, after turning the primary fermentation product obtained in step S2, piling it into strips again, and fermenting it at a temperature of 58° C. for 30 days to obtain a secondary fermentation product; S4. Air-drying the secondary fermentation product obtained in step S3 to reduce its moisture content to 36%, and then sieving to remove impurities and undecomposed particles therein to obtain a sludge aerobic fermentation product.

[0024] The preparation method of the green mine ecological restoration ecological improver described in this embodiment comprises the following steps: (1) Weigh the raw material components in proportion, then take the sludge aerobic fermentation product, screen, wash, dehydrate it, put it into a blender with humic acid, perlite, biochar and composite microbial agent, and stir and mix it for 12 minutes at a stirring speed of 150 r / min to obtain a mixed material; (2) The mixed material obtained in step (1) is placed in a disc granulator or an extrusion granulator to granulate to obtain the green mine ecological restoration ecological improver.

[0025] Example 4: A green mine ecological restoration and ecological improver, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of aerobic fermentation product of sludge, 30 parts of humic acid, 15 parts of perlite, 15 parts of biochar, and 5 parts of a composite microbial agent; the aerobic fermentation product of sludge is obtained by aerobic fermentation of dewatered sludge produced by a municipal sewage treatment plant, and the composite microbial agent includes Bacillus and yeast; the dewatered sludge has a moisture content of 80%, and, calculated by mass fraction, the organic matter content of the dewatered sludge is 60%, the nitrogen content is 5%, the phosphorus content is 2%, and the potassium content is 3%; The method for preparing the sludge aerobic fermentation product described in this embodiment comprises the following steps: S1. Dewatered sludge generated by a municipal sewage treatment plant is screened to remove impurities and large particles, and then dehydrated to obtain sludge with a moisture content of 70%. Sawdust and straw are added to the sludge, with the amount of the sawdust and straw being 6% of the weight of the sludge. S2, piling the sludge obtained in step S1 into piles, and fermenting at a temperature of 65° C. for 45 days to obtain a primary fermentation product; S3, after turning the primary fermentation product obtained in step S2, piling it into strips again, and fermenting it at a temperature of 60° C. for 30 days to obtain a secondary fermentation product; S4. Air-drying the secondary fermentation product obtained in step S3 to reduce its moisture content to 40%, and then sieving it to remove impurities and undecomposed particles to obtain a sludge aerobic fermentation product.

[0026] The preparation method of the green mine ecological restoration ecological improver described in this embodiment comprises the following steps: (1) Weigh the raw material components in proportion, then take the sludge aerobic fermentation product, screen, wash, dehydrate it, put it into a blender with humic acid, perlite, biochar and composite microbial agent, and stir and mix it at a stirring speed of 300 r / min for 15 minutes to obtain a mixed material; (2) The mixed material obtained in step (1) is placed in a disc granulator or an extrusion granulator to granulate to obtain the green mine ecological restoration ecological improver.

[0027] Example 5: The application method of the green mine ecological restoration ecological modifier described in Example 1 for mine restoration specifically comprises the following steps: A. Carry out land reclamation and soil tillage in the mine restoration area to remove debris, break up soil clods, and create basic conditions for the application of amendments and vegetation growth. The land reclamation includes leveling the land and building a drainage system. The soil is tilled to a depth of 40 cm; B. Evenly spread the green mine ecological restoration and ecological improver on the soil surface at an application rate of 15t / hm²; C. Use a tillage machine to fully mix the green mine ecological restoration ecological amendment with the soil, so that the green mine ecological restoration ecological amendment is evenly distributed in the soil tillage layer to a depth of 25 cm; D. Irrigating the soil treated in step C, and then selecting vegetation species for sowing or planting; the vegetation species include herbaceous plants Bermuda grass and white clover; E. During the vegetation growth process, regularly monitor soil fertility, vegetation growth status and ecological environment changes, and carry out maintenance and management according to actual conditions until the mine ecosystem tends to be stable and a benign cycle. The maintenance and management includes topdressing, pest and disease control, and replanting.

[0028] Example 6: The application method of the green mine ecological restoration ecological modifier described in Example 2 for mine restoration specifically comprises the following steps: A. Carry out land reclamation and soil tillage in the mine restoration area to remove debris and break up soil clods to create basic conditions for the application of amendments and vegetation growth. The land reclamation includes leveling the land and building a drainage system. The soil tillage depth is 30 cm; B. Evenly spread the green mine ecological restoration and ecological improver on the soil surface at an application rate of 10t / hm²; C. Use a tillage machine to fully mix the green mine ecological restoration ecological amendment with the soil, so that the green mine ecological restoration ecological amendment is evenly distributed in the soil tillage layer to a depth of 20 cm; D. Irrigating the soil treated in step C, and then selecting vegetation species for sowing or planting; the vegetation species include shrubs such as Amorpha fruticosa and Lespedeza bicolor; E. During the vegetation growth process, regularly monitor soil fertility, vegetation growth status and ecological environment changes, and carry out maintenance and management according to actual conditions until the mine ecosystem tends to be stable and a benign cycle. The maintenance and management includes topdressing, pest and disease control, and replanting.

[0029] Example 7: The application method of the green mine ecological restoration ecological modifier described in Example 3 for mine restoration specifically comprises the following steps: A. Carry out land reclamation and soil tillage in the mine restoration area to remove debris, break up soil clods, and create basic conditions for the application of amendments and vegetation growth. The land reclamation includes leveling the land and building a drainage system. The soil is tilled to a depth of 50 cm; B. Evenly spread the green mine ecological restoration and ecological improver on the soil surface at an application rate of 20t / hm²; C. Use a tillage machine to fully mix the green mine ecological restoration ecological amendment with the soil, so that the green mine ecological restoration ecological amendment is evenly distributed in the soil tillage layer to a depth of 30 cm; D. Irrigating the soil treated in step C, and then selecting vegetation species for sowing or planting; the vegetation species include herbaceous plants Bermuda grass and white clover, and shrubs Amorpha fruticosa and Lespedeza; E. During the vegetation growth process, regularly monitor soil fertility, vegetation growth status and ecological environment changes, and carry out maintenance and management according to actual conditions until the mine ecosystem tends to be stable and a benign cycle. The maintenance and management includes topdressing, pest and disease control, and replanting.

[0030] Experimental Example: Green mine ecological restoration and ecological improver was prepared according to the method described in Examples 1 to 4, and dewatered sludge produced by a municipal sewage treatment plant was directly taken as a control example and tested. The specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0031] Table 1 Test results

[0032] According to the data in Table 1, it can be seen that the green mine ecological restoration ecological improver prepared according to the method of the present invention has physical and chemical properties that are more suitable for soil improvement, can effectively improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of mine soil, and create good growth conditions for mine vegetation restoration.

[0033] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of implementation methods, not every implementation method contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A green mine ecological restoration and ecological improver, characterized by: The method comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-70 parts of sludge aerobic fermentation product, 10-30 parts of humic acid, 5-15 parts of perlite, 5-15 parts of biochar, and 1-5 parts of composite microbial agent; the sludge aerobic fermentation product is obtained by aerobic fermentation of dewatered sludge produced in a municipal sewage treatment plant, and the composite microbial agent comprises bacillus and yeast.

2. The green mine ecological restoration ecological improver according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moisture content of the dewatered sludge is 70% to 80%, and calculated by mass fraction, the organic matter content in the dewatered sludge is 40% to 60%, the nitrogen content is 3% to 5%, the phosphorus content is 1% to 2%, and the potassium content is 1% to 3%.

3. The green mine ecological restoration ecological improver according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for preparing the sludge aerobic fermentation product comprises the following steps: S1. Take the dewatered sludge produced by the municipal sewage treatment plant, screen it, remove impurities and large particles, and then dehydrate it to obtain sludge with a moisture content of 60% to 70%; S2. piling the sludge obtained in step S1 into piles and fermenting them at a temperature of 55° C. to 65° C. for 45 days to obtain a primary fermentation product; S3, after turning the primary fermentation product obtained in step S2, piling it into strips again, and fermenting it at a temperature of 50° C. to 60° C. for 30 days to obtain a secondary fermentation product; S4. Air-drying the secondary fermentation product obtained in step S3 to reduce its moisture content to 35% to 40%, and then sieving to obtain aerobic fermentation products of sludge.

4. The green mine ecological restoration ecological improver according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S1, a conditioner is added to the obtained sludge, wherein the conditioner includes sawdust and straw.

5. The green mine ecological restoration ecological improver according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S3, the primary fermentation product obtained in step S2 is turned over and nutrients are added thereto, and then the product is piled into strips. The nutrients include nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

6. The method for preparing the green mine ecological restoration ecological improver according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Weighing the raw material components in proportion, then taking the sludge aerobic fermentation product, screening, washing, dehydrating, and placing it in a blender with humic acid, perlite, biochar and composite microbial agent, and stirring and mixing at a stirring speed of 100-300 r / min for 10-15 minutes to obtain a mixed material; (2) The mixed material obtained in step (1) is placed in a disc granulator or an extrusion granulator to granulate to obtain the green mine ecological restoration ecological improver.

7. The application method of the green mine ecological restoration ecological improver according to claim 1, characterized in that: The green mine ecological restoration ecological improver is used for mine restoration, which specifically includes the following steps: A. Carry out land reclamation and soil tillage in the mine restoration area, remove debris, and break up soil clods. The land reclamation includes leveling the land and building a drainage system. The soil tillage depth is 30 to 50 cm. B. Evenly spread the green mine ecological restoration and ecological improver on the soil surface at an application rate of 10 to 20 t / hm²; C. Use a tillage machine to fully mix the green mine ecological restoration ecological improver with the soil, so that the green mine ecological restoration ecological improver is evenly distributed in the soil tillage layer to a depth of 20 to 30 cm; D. Irrigating the soil treated in step C, and then selecting vegetation species for sowing or planting; the vegetation species include herbaceous plants Bermuda grass and white clover, and shrubs Amorpha fruticosa and Lespedeza; E. During the vegetation growth process, regularly monitor soil fertility, vegetation growth status and ecological environment changes, and carry out maintenance and management according to actual conditions until the mine ecosystem tends to be stable and a benign cycle. The maintenance and management includes topdressing, pest and disease control, and replanting.

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