Foundation bearing capacity layered detection device and detection method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of civil engineering detection, and particularly relates to a layered detection device and method for the bearing capacity of a foundation. The lifting mechanism is arranged on one side of the bracket; the driving mechanism is arranged on the base; the hammering mechanism is connected to the side face of the support in a sliding mode; the detection mechanism is arranged at the lower end of the bracket; the counting mechanism is arranged at the upper end of the bracket; wherein the detection mechanism comprises a detection cylinder, the detection cylinder is connected in the sleeve shell in a sliding mode, two detection parts are arranged in the detection cylinder, a first abutting part is arranged at the upper detection part, a second abutting part is arranged at the lower detection part, and a warning part is further arranged on the detection cylinder. The technical problems that layering cannot be achieved, hammering energy is not adaptive, and the counting error is large in traditional foundation bearing capacity detection can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of civil engineering detection, and in particular relates to a device and method for detecting the bearing capacity of a foundation layer. Background Art

[0002] In fields such as construction, road construction, and geological exploration, the bearing capacity of foundations is one of the key indicators for evaluating project stability and safety. Traditionally, the standard penetration test (SPT) is used to measure foundation bearing capacity.

[0003] Although the standard penetration test has certain advantages in portability and efficiency, such as a foundation bearing capacity detection device with Chinese patent application number: CN202411915639.2, the foundation bearing capacity detection device controls the rise or fall of the hammer component through the action of the driving component, and detects the bearing capacity of the foundation through the coordinated use of the hammer component and the detection component, and converts the impact force into an electrical signal, and then records the corresponding number of hammer blows through the action of the electronic counter, thereby avoiding possible omissions, errors and other problems, improving the accuracy and reliability of the hammer blow record, and thus providing a strong guarantee for the accurate detection of the foundation bearing capacity.

[0004] However, practical applications still present several challenges. First, it can only provide a rough estimate of the foundation's overall bearing capacity, failing to capture the stratified bearing capacity characteristics of different soil layers. This is particularly true under complex geological conditions, where the mechanical properties of each soil layer vary significantly. Traditional testing methods struggle to collect stratified data, resulting in incomplete and incomplete test results, hindering the scientific nature of engineering design. Second, the fixed hammer weight results in excessive hammer energy when testing soft soils or insufficient hammer energy when testing hard soils, impacting data accuracy.

[0005] Furthermore, the aforementioned foundation bearing capacity detection device incorporates an electronic counting system to improve the accuracy of hammer blow counts. However, this solution still suffers from complex structure, inconvenient operation, and high maintenance costs, and does not fundamentally address key technical difficulties such as delamination detection, automatic counting, and intelligent feedback.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a foundation bearing capacity detection device and a detection method with a reasonable structure, simple operation, high degree of automation, the ability to realize foundation layer detection and automatic recording of the number of hammer blows, so as to meet the actual needs of accurate evaluation of foundation bearing performance in modern engineering construction. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a foundation bearing capacity stratification detection device and detection method, which can solve the key technical problems existing in traditional foundation bearing capacity detection, such as inability to stratify, unsuitable hammer energy, and large counting errors.

[0008] The technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows: A foundation bearing capacity layer detection device comprises a base, a bracket is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the base, and a casing is fixedly connected to the lower end of the base; A lifting mechanism, the lifting mechanism being arranged on one side of the bracket; A driving mechanism, which is arranged on the base and is used to drive the lifting mechanism to rise; A hammer mechanism is slidably connected to the side of the bracket and is located below the lifting mechanism. The driving mechanism drives the lifting mechanism to move upward, thereby lifting the hammer mechanism to a predetermined position. A detection mechanism, which is arranged at the lower end of the bracket and is used to detect the bearing capacity of the foundation; A counting mechanism, which is provided at the upper end of the bracket and is used to record the number of hammer blows; The detection mechanism includes a detection cylinder, which is slidably connected to the housing. Two detection parts are provided in the detection cylinder, a first interference part is provided at the upper detection part, and a second interference part is provided at the lower detection part. A warning part is also provided on the detection cylinder. The detection mechanism is inserted into the foundation through the hammering mechanism, and then the first and second resistance parts are hammered in turn by the hammering mechanism to move downward along the vertical direction of the detection tube, thereby prompting the two detection parts to expand laterally outward in turn to perform layered detection.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the lifting mechanism includes a lifting seat, which is arranged on the side of the bracket, and the lifting seat is provided with installation grooves distributed in a ring shape, and a plurality of the installation grooves are slidably inserted at one end close to each other with a clamping block, and one side of the clamping block is fixedly connected to a round rod, and the outer wall of the round rod is provided with a first spring, one end of the round rod passes through the outside of the lifting seat and is fixedly connected to an iron block, the bracket is fixedly connected to a circular ring by a support rod, and the inner ring of the circular ring is fixedly connected to a permanent magnet, the bracket is fixedly connected to a guide block, and a guide rod is slidably connected in the guide block, and one end of the guide rod is fixedly connected to the lifting seat.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the driving mechanism includes a mounting seat, which is fixedly connected to the base. A winding roller is rotatably connected to the base through a bearing. A lifting rope is wrapped around the winding roller, and the lifting rope passes along the bracket and is connected to the lifting seat. A driving motor is fixedly installed on the front of the mounting seat, and the output shaft of the driving motor is fixedly connected to the central rotating shaft of the winding roller.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the hammering mechanism includes a hammering head, which is arranged below the lifting mechanism. The upper end of the hammering head is fixedly connected to a threaded rod, a weight block is sleeved on the threaded rod, a fastening bolt is threadedly connected to the threaded rod, the hammering head is fixedly connected to a support rod, the upper end of the support rod is fixedly connected to a traction head, a slide rail is fixedly installed on the side of the bracket, a slider is fixedly connected to the hammering head, and the slider and the slide rail constitute a sliding structure, and a resistance block is fixedly connected to the support rod by a support rod.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the detection part includes a moving block, which is slidably inserted into a movable groove provided on the detection cylinder. One end of the moving block located in the detection cylinder is fixedly connected to a force-bearing block, and a second spring is fixedly connected between the force-bearing block and the inner wall of the detection cylinder.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the first resistance part includes a first pressure block, which is located at the upper detection part, and the lower end of the first pressure block is fixedly connected to a lower pressure rod, and a sliding groove is provided on the lower pressure rod, and locking blocks are slidably inserted at both ends of the sliding groove, and a third spring is fixedly connected between the two locking blocks, and the inner wall of the detection cylinder is connected to a limiting block in an annular shape, and the outer wall of the first pressure block is provided with a limiting groove adapted to the limiting block, and the limiting block and the limiting groove constitute a sliding structure, and the lower end of the first pressure block is fixedly connected to the first push block by a support rod.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the second interference part includes a second pressure block, which is located at the detection part below. An accommodating groove is provided at the upper end of the second pressure block, and locking grooves are provided at both left and right ends of the accommodating groove. A push rod is slidably inserted at one end of the lock groove, and a fourth spring is sleeved on the outer wall of the push rod. The left and right sides of the second pressure block are fixedly connected to the limit plate, the inner wall of the detection cylinder is fixedly connected to a trapezoidal block, the upper end of the trapezoidal block is fixedly connected to a baffle, the bottom surface of the inner cavity of the detection cylinder is fixedly connected to a vertical rod, and the upper end of the vertical rod is slidably inserted into the slot hole provided at the lower end of the second pressure block, and the lower end of the second pressure block is fixedly connected to the second push block by a support rod.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the warning part includes a contact switch, which is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the detection cylinder and located at the force block. Two grooves are provided at the upper end of the detection cylinder, and a warning light is installed in the grooves, and the warning light is electrically connected to the contact switch.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the counting mechanism includes a hollow cylinder, which is fixedly connected to the bracket by a support rod. The lower end of the hollow cylinder is fixedly connected to an L-shaped tube, and the lower end of the L-shaped tube is connected to a collecting tube, and the collecting tube is made of transparent material. A spherical groove is provided on the bottom surface of the inner cavity of the L-shaped tube, and a movable rod is inserted at one end of the L-shaped tube. The outer wall of the movable rod is provided with a fifth spring, and the end of the movable rod located in the L-shaped tube is fixedly connected to a top block.

[0017] A method for detecting the bearing capacity of a foundation in layers, applied to the above-mentioned device for detecting the bearing capacity of a foundation in layers, comprises the following steps: Step 1: Place the device at the location where detection is required and place the detection mechanism inside the housing; Step 2: Start the driving mechanism to drive the lifting mechanism to move upward, and drive the hammer mechanism to rise to the preset position through the lifting mechanism; Step 3: After the hammer mechanism is lifted to the preset position, it is separated from the lifting mechanism and moves downward quickly to strike the hammer detection mechanism under the action of its own gravity; Step 4: After hammering the detection tube into the foundation, insert the cylinder into the upper end of the detection tube, and then hammer the cylinder through the hammer mechanism. After the cylinder is hammered, it drives the first and second contact parts to move downward in sequence; Step 5: The first and second contact parts move downward to cause the two detection parts to expand outward in turn, performing layered detection on the foundation; Step 6: Record the number of hammer blows through the counting mechanism.

[0018] The technical effects achieved by the present invention are: The present invention realizes the layered detection of the bearing capacity of different soil layers of the foundation by setting up two independently movable detection parts, one above the other, combined with the step-by-step driving mechanism of the hammering mechanism. In specific operation, the hammering mechanism pushes the first pressure block and the lower pressure rod in turn, thereby triggering the second pressure block, so that the two detection parts are respectively expanded horizontally and inserted into the corresponding soil layers, recording the number of hammering required for each, thereby obtaining the bearing performance data of soil layers at different depths. This structural design breaks through the limitation that traditional detection devices can only reflect the overall bearing capacity, and can more accurately identify the differences in the mechanical properties of each soil layer. It is particularly suitable for engineering sites with complex geological conditions, providing detailed data support for foundation reinforcement, pile foundation design, etc., and improving the scientific nature of engineering design and the safety of construction. The hammer mechanism of this invention utilizes a modular weight-increasing design. Through a combination of threaded rods and removable weight blocks, the hammer weight can be flexibly adjusted to suit the varying hardness of the foundation soil. For example, when testing soft soils, the hammer energy can be reduced to avoid excessive damage to the soil structure, while when testing hard soils, the hammer energy can be increased to ensure effective penetration. This feature addresses the poor applicability of traditional fixed-weight hammering equipment under varying soil conditions, making test results more representative and consistent, improving test accuracy and applicability, and enhancing the device's engineering practicality. This invention incorporates a mechanical counting mechanism and a travel warning device. The number of hammer strikes is intuitively displayed through the displacement of a glass ball, eliminating the need for manual counting and reducing human error. Furthermore, when the detection unit reaches its maximum expansion limit, a contact switch triggers a warning light to illuminate, prompting the operator to stop hammering or record data immediately. This design not only simplifies the operation process and lowers the barrier to entry, but also enhances the device's automation and intelligent feedback capabilities, aligning with the trend toward efficient and intelligent modern engineering testing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention as a whole; Figure 2 It is a right side view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the connection between the lifting mechanism and the hammering mechanism of the present invention; Figure 4 This invention Figure 3 sectional view of Figure 5 This invention Figure 4 An enlarged schematic diagram of part A shown in FIG; Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the counting mechanism of the present invention; Figure 7 This invention Figure 6 An enlarged schematic diagram of part B shown in ; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the detection tube of the present invention; Figure 9 This invention Figure 8 An enlarged schematic diagram of part C is shown in FIG; Figure 10 This invention Figure 8 An enlarged schematic diagram of portion D shown in FIG; Figure 11 This invention Figure 8 An enlarged schematic diagram of part E shown in FIG; Figure 12 It is a schematic structural diagram of the cylinder used in hammering of the present invention; Figure 13It is a structural schematic diagram of a cylinder used for disassembly of the present invention.

[0020] In the accompanying drawings, the components represented by the reference numerals are as follows: 1. Base; 2. Bracket; 3. Lifting mechanism; 4. Driving mechanism; 5. Hammering mechanism; 6. Detection mechanism; 7. Counting mechanism; 8. Housing; 31. Lifting seat; 32. Mounting slot; 33. Clamping block; 34. Round rod; 35. First spring; 36. Iron block; 37. Ring; 38. Guide block; 39. Guide rod; 41. Mounting base; 42. Winding roller; 43. Driving motor; 44. Pull rope; 51. Hammer head; 52. Threaded rod; 53. Weight block; 54. Fastening bolt; 55. Support rod; 56. Pulling head; 57. Slide rail; 58. Slider; 59. Resistance block; 61. Detection tube; 62. Detection portion; 63. First contact portion; 64. Second contact portion; 65. Warning portion; 621, moving block; 622, force-bearing block; 623, second spring; 631, first pressing block; 632, lower pressing rod; 633, sliding slot; 634, locking block; 635, third spring; 636, limiting block; 637, limiting slot; 638, first pushing block; 641, second pressing block; 642, receiving slot; 643, locking slot; 644, push rod; 645, fourth spring; 646, limit plate; 647, trapezoidal block; 648, baffle; 649, vertical rod; 6410, second pushing block; 651, contact switch; 652, warning light; 71. Hollow cylinder; 72. L-shaped tube; 73. Collecting tube; 74. Spherical groove; 75. Movable rod; 76. Fifth spring; 77. Top block. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0023] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in a preferred embodiment" appearing in various places throughout this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments.

[0024] Furthermore, the present invention is described in detail with reference to schematic diagrams. For ease of illustration, when describing the embodiments of the present invention, cross-sectional views illustrating device structures may be partially enlarged and not to scale. Furthermore, the schematic diagrams are merely illustrative and should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Furthermore, in actual production, the three-dimensional dimensions of length, width, and depth should be included.

[0025] Please see the attached Figures 1 to 8 FIG. 1 is a first embodiment of the present invention, which provides a foundation bearing capacity layer detection device, comprising a base 1, a bracket 2 is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the base 1, and a housing 8 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the base 1; The lifting mechanism 3 is provided on one side of the bracket 2; The driving mechanism 4 is provided on the base 1 and is used to drive the lifting mechanism 3 to rise; Hammering mechanism 5, which is slidably connected to the side of the bracket 2 and is located below the lifting mechanism 3. Through the operation of the driving mechanism 4, the lifting mechanism 3 is driven to move upward, thereby lifting the hammering mechanism 5 to a predetermined position; The detection mechanism 6 is provided at the lower end of the support 2 and is used to detect the bearing capacity of the foundation; Counting mechanism 7, which is provided at the upper end of the bracket 2 and is used to record the number of hammering times; The detection mechanism 6 includes a detection cylinder 61, which is slidably connected to the housing 8. Two detection parts 62 are provided in the detection cylinder 61. A first interference part 63 is provided at the upper detection part 62, and a second interference part 64 is provided at the lower detection part 62. A warning part 65 is also provided on the detection cylinder 61. The detection mechanism 6 is inserted into the foundation through the hammering mechanism 5, and then the first resistance part 63 and the second resistance part 64 are hammered in turn by the hammering mechanism 5, so that they move downward in the vertical direction of the detection tube 61, thereby prompting the two detection parts 62 to expand laterally outward in turn to perform layered detection.

[0026] In this embodiment, the device is in the initial state (such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in the figure), the detection mechanism 6 is placed in the housing 8, and the hammering mechanism 5 and the pulling mechanism 3 are connected together and located above the detection mechanism 6.

[0027] Next, please refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 3 and Figure 5 The lifting mechanism 3 includes a lifting seat 31, which is arranged on the side of the bracket 2. The lifting seat 31 is provided with mounting grooves 32 in a ring-shaped distribution. A plurality of mounting grooves 32 are slidably inserted into one end of each other with a clamping block 33. One side of the clamping block 33 is fixedly connected to a round rod 34. The outer wall of the round rod 34 is sleeved with a first spring 35. One end of the round rod 34 passes through the outside of the lifting seat 31 and is fixedly connected to an iron block 36. The bracket 2 is fixedly connected to a ring 37 by a support rod, and the inner ring of the ring 37 is fixedly connected to a permanent magnet. The bracket 2 is fixedly connected to a guide block 38, and a guide rod 39 is slidably connected in the guide block 38, and one end of the guide rod 39 is fixedly connected to the lifting seat 31.

[0028] Secondly, please also refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The driving mechanism 4 includes a mounting seat 41, which is fixedly connected to the base 1. A winding roller 42 is rotatably connected to the base 1 through a bearing. A pulling rope 44 is wrapped around the winding roller 42, and the pulling rope 44 passes along the bracket 2 and is connected to the pulling seat 31. A driving motor 43 is fixedly installed on the front of the mounting seat 41, and the output shaft of the driving motor 43 is fixedly connected to the central rotating shaft of the winding roller 42.

[0029] In this embodiment, when in use, the drive motor 43 is started to drive the winding roller 42 to rotate and reel in the lifting rope 44. The reeling of the lifting rope 44 drives the lifting mechanism 3 to move upward, and the upward movement of the lifting mechanism 3 drives the hammer mechanism 5 to move upward synchronously.

[0030] Next, please refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4 The hammering mechanism 5 includes a hammering head 51, which is arranged below the lifting mechanism 3. The upper end of the hammering head 51 is fixedly connected to a threaded rod 52, and a weight block 53 is sleeved on the threaded rod 52. A fastening bolt 54 is threadedly connected to the threaded rod 52. The hammering head 51 is fixedly connected to a support rod 55, and the upper end of the support rod 55 is fixedly connected to a traction head 56. The upper end of the traction head 56 is hemispherical and the lower end is cylindrical. A slide rail 57 is fixedly installed on the side of the bracket 2. A slider 58 is fixedly connected to the hammering head 51, and the slider 58 and the slide rail 57 form a sliding structure. A resistance block 59 is fixedly connected to the support rod 55 by a support rod.

[0031] In this embodiment, when the lifting seat 31 is moved to its highest position, the iron blocks 36 are precisely located within the circular ring 37. The permanent magnets within the circular ring 37 exert an attractive force on the iron blocks 36, causing the multiple iron blocks 36 to move away from each other. This movement of the iron blocks 36 drives the round rod 34 and the clamping block 33 to move, compressing the first spring 35. When the clamping block 33 retracts into the mounting slot 32, the traction head 56 loses the restraint of the clamping block 33. Subsequently, the hammering mechanism 5 rapidly descends under the action of gravity and hammers the detection mechanism 6. After completing a hammering, the drive motor 43 is controlled to reverse to unwind, and the lifting mechanism 3 also descends due to gravity. The iron blocks 36 then lose the attractive force of the permanent magnets, prompting the clamping block 33 to return to its original position. Under the inertia of the descending lifting mechanism 3, when the lifting seat 31 moves to the position of the traction head 56, the clamping block 33 on the lifting seat 31 is pushed by the upper hemisphere of the traction head 56 and retracts into the mounting slot 32, compressing the first spring 35. As the lifting seat 31 descends, when the clamping block 33 is no longer pushed by the hemisphere, the restoring force of the first spring 35 will cause the clamping block 33 to return to its original position. At this time, the clamping block 33 lifts the upper end of the traction head 56. Then, the drive motor 43 is controlled to rotate forward to rewind, driving the lifting mechanism 3 and the hammer mechanism 5 to rise until the hammer mechanism 5 is separated from the lifting mechanism 3 and rapidly descends. This cycle continues, causing the hammer mechanism 5 to continue to rise and fall and hammer the detection mechanism 6 until the detection mechanism 6 is fully inserted into the soil of the detection area.

[0032] During the lifting and lowering process of the hammer head 51, the slider 58 connected to it slides along the slide rail 57 to ensure the stability of the lifting and lowering of the hammer head 51; when the lifting seat 31 is lifted and lowered, the guide rod 39 fixedly connected to it slides along the guide block 38 to ensure the stability of the lifting and lowering of the lifting seat 31.

[0033] When the weight of the hammer mechanism 5 needs to be changed, the fastening bolt 54 can be twisted off, and then a plurality of weight-increasing blocks 53 can be mounted on the threaded rod 52, thereby changing the weight of the hammer mechanism 5 to adapt to the detection requirements of soils of different hardness. The design of the weight-increasing blocks 53 makes it simple and quick to adjust the weight of the hammer mechanism 5 without replacing the entire hammer mechanism 5, thereby greatly improving the detection efficiency and flexibility. In addition, the weight-increasing blocks 53 are mounted on the threaded rod 52 and are threadedly connected to the fastening bolt 54 on the threaded rod 52. The weight-increasing blocks 53 are limited by the fastening bolt 54, ensuring the stability and reliability of the connection and preventing the weight-increasing blocks 53 from falling off or loosening during the hammering process, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the detection results.

[0034] Please refer again Figure 8 and Figure 11 The detection part 62 includes a moving block 621, which is slidably inserted into a movable groove provided on the detection cylinder 61. One end of the moving block 621 located in the detection cylinder 61 is fixedly connected to a force-bearing block 622, and a second spring 623 is fixedly connected between the force-bearing block 622 and the inner wall of the detection cylinder 61.

[0035] In this embodiment, the movable block 621 can extend along the movable groove on the detection cylinder 61. Through the lateral expansion of the movable block 621, the foundation soil of this layer is squeezed to simulate the deformation of the foundation under actual load.

[0036] Please refer again Figure 8 and Figure 9 The first resistance part 63 includes a first pressure block 631, which is located at the upper detection part 62. The lower end of the first pressure block 631 is fixedly connected to a lower pressure rod 632, and a sliding groove 633 is provided on the lower pressure rod 632. Locking blocks 634 are slidably inserted at both ends of the sliding groove 633. A third spring 635 is fixedly connected between the two locking blocks 634. The inner wall of the detection cylinder 61 is connected to a limiting block 636 in an annular shape. The outer wall of the first pressure block 631 is provided with a limiting groove 637 adapted to the limiting block 636, and the limiting block 636 and the limiting groove 637 form a sliding structure. The lower end of the first pressure block 631 is fixedly connected to a first push block 638 by a support rod.

[0037] In this embodiment, the cooperation between the limiting block 636 and the limiting groove 637 serves to limit and guide the first pressing block 631, so that the first pressing block 631 can remain stable during the descending process to avoid deviation or shaking.

[0038] Please refer again Figure 8 and Figure 10 The second resisting portion 64 includes a second pressing block 641, which is located at the detection portion 62 below. A receiving groove 642 is provided at the upper end of the second pressing block 641, and locking grooves 643 are provided at both left and right ends of the receiving groove 642. A push rod 644 is slidably inserted at one end of the locking groove 643, and a fourth spring 645 is sleeved on the outer wall of the push rod 644. The left and right sides of the second pressing block 641 are fixedly connected to the limiting plates 646. A trapezoidal block 647 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the detection cylinder 61, and a baffle 648 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the trapezoidal block 647. A vertical rod 649 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the inner cavity of the detection cylinder 61, and the upper end of the vertical rod 649 is slidably inserted into the slot hole provided at the lower end of the second pressing block 641. The lower end of the second pressing block 641 is fixedly connected to the second push block 6410 by a support rod.

[0039] In this embodiment, the device evaluates the overall bearing capacity of the foundation by measuring the number of hammer blows required to insert the detection cylinder 61 into the foundation. After the detection cylinder 61 is placed in the foundation, a cylinder (such as Figure 12 Next, the cylinder is hammered by the coordinated operation of the lifting mechanism 3, the driving mechanism 4, and the hammering mechanism 5.

[0040] As the cylinder moves downward, it drives the first pressure block 631 downward with it. The downward movement of the first pressure block 631 causes the two force-bearing blocks 622 to move away from each other, exerting pressure on the second spring 623. The movement of the force-bearing blocks 622 in turn drives the displacement of the moving block 621, causing it to extend laterally out of the detection cylinder 61 and penetrate into the foundation. The number of hammer strikes required to penetrate the moving block 621 on the detection unit 62 is used to calculate the bearing capacity of the foundation layer.

[0041] When the first pressing block 631 descends to a specific position, the pressing rod 632 is inserted into the receiving slot 642. As the pressing rod 632 moves toward the receiving slot 642, the locking block 634 is squeezed by the receiving slot 642 and contracts into the sliding slot 633, compressing the third spring 635. When the locking block 634 reaches the locking slot 643, it is no longer resisted by the receiving slot 642. Subsequently, the restoring force of the second spring 623 pushes the two locking blocks 634 apart, ultimately allowing the locking block 634 to fit into the locking slot 643.

[0042] Subsequently, the hammering operation is continued to push the first pressing block 631 and the lower pressing rod 632 downward. The downward movement of the lower pressing rod 632 drives the second pressing block 641 downward synchronously, thereby forcing the movable block 621 on the lower detection unit 62 to penetrate the foundation. By calculating the number of hammering operations required to penetrate the movable block 621, the bearing capacity of the foundation layer can be assessed. This method can be used to test the bearing capacity of the foundation layer by layer.

[0043] When the detection mechanism 6 is pulled out from the foundation, the cylinder must be pulled out first, and then the cylinder with the threaded head is inserted into the detection cylinder 61, and the threaded head is screwed into the thread groove on the first pressing block 631 (as shown in FIG. Figure 13 As shown). Thereafter, one end of the external traction rope is fixed to the hammer head 51, and the other end is fixed to the upper end of the cylinder. Subsequently, the driving mechanism 4 is controlled to be reeled in, driving the pulling mechanism 3 and the hammer mechanism 5 to move upward. The upward movement of the hammer mechanism 5 drives the cylinder upward through the traction rope, and the rise of the cylinder causes the first pressure block 631 and the lower pressure rod 632 to move upward. Since the lower pressure rod 632 is connected to the second pressure block 641, the second pressure block 641 also moves upward synchronously; when the first pressure block 631 and the second pressure block 641 move upward, they respectively drive the first push block 638 and the second push block 6410 to move upward synchronously. Through the action of the first push block 638 and the second push block 6410, the two force blocks 622 on the two detection parts 62 are brought close to each other, and the mutual approach of the force blocks 622 drives the moving blocks 621 to approach each other and retract into the detection cylinder 61.

[0044] When the second pressure block 641 rises to a certain height, the two push rods 644 move closer to each other due to the action of the trapezoidal block 647, compressing the fourth spring 645. As the push rod 644 moves, the locking block 634 is pushed into the sliding slot 633 until it is released from the locking slot 643. At this point, the connection between the lower pressure rod 632 and the second pressure block 641 is released, causing the second pressure block 641 to no longer rise synchronously with the lower pressure rod 632.

[0045] When the first pressing block 631 reaches its upper limit, if force is continued to be applied to pull the cylinder and the first pressing block 631 upward, the first pressing block 631 will not be able to rise further because it has reached the top of the detection cylinder 61. At this point, the pulling force applied by the cylinder is transmitted to the detection cylinder 61 through the first pressing block 631, causing the detection cylinder 61 to be pulled out of its foundation.

[0046] Please refer again Figure 8 and Figure 11 The warning part 65 includes a contact switch 651, which is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the detection cylinder 61 and located at the force block 622. Two grooves are provided at the upper end of the detection cylinder 61, and a warning light 652 is installed in the grooves, and the warning light 652 is electrically connected to the contact switch 651.

[0047] In this embodiment, when the force-bearing block 622 reaches the end of its maximum travel, it applies pressure to the contact switch 651. Once the contact switch 651 is pressed by the force-bearing block 622, the corresponding warning light 652 is activated. This mechanism allows us to clearly observe when the movable block 621 on the detection unit 62 has reached its limit position.

[0048] It is worth noting that the principle that pressing contact switch 651 causes warning light 652 to illuminate, while the light is off when not pressed, is mainly based on the mechanical structure and circuit design of the switch. When contact switch 651 is pressed, the internal contacts close, the circuit is connected, and current can flow, thereby lighting warning light 652; conversely, when not pressed, the contacts open, the circuit is interrupted, current cannot flow, and warning light 652 is extinguished. The control mechanism of contact switch 651 over warning light 652 is well known in the art, and relevant technicians should have the corresponding knowledge and understanding, so it will not be detailed here.

[0049] In addition, the detection cylinder 61 is equipped with a battery to power the warning light 652. The warning light 652, contact switch 651, and battery are all currently available products on the market. When selecting a model, the specifications and usage scenario should be suitable, and the specific model specifications should be selected to meet the requirements of this application.

[0050] Please refer again Figure 2 、 Figure 6 and Figure 7 The counting mechanism 7 includes a hollow cylinder 71, which is fixedly connected to the bracket 2 by a support rod. The lower end of the hollow cylinder 71 is fixedly connected to an L-shaped tube 72, and the lower end of the L-shaped tube 72 is connected to a collecting tube 73, and the collecting tube 73 is made of transparent material. A spherical groove 74 is provided on the bottom surface of the inner cavity of the L-shaped tube 72, and a movable rod 75 is inserted at one end of the L-shaped tube 72. The outer wall of the movable rod 75 is provided with a fifth spring 76, and one end of the movable rod 75 located in the L-shaped tube 72 is fixedly connected to a top block 77.

[0051] In this embodiment, when the hammer head 51 moves upward, it will synchronously drive the resistance block 59 to move upward. After moving to the high position, the resistance block 59 will push the movable rod 75 to move and compress the fifth spring 76. Before use, a plurality of glass balls need to be placed in the hollow cylinder 71. These glass balls will move downward under the action of gravity, while the glass balls at the bottom remain motionless due to the restriction of the spherical groove 74. The movement of the movable rod 75 will drive the top block 77 to move, and the top block 77 will then push the glass balls located in the spherical groove 74 to move away from the hollow cylinder 71 and fall into the collection tube 73 through the L-shaped tube 72; when the hammer head 51 moves downward, the movable rod 75 gradually loses its support and returns to its original position under the reset force of the fifth spring 76. The reset of the movable rod 75 also drives the top block 77 to reset. After the top block 77 is reset, a glass ball in the hollow cylinder 71 will continue to fall into the spherical groove 74. The next time the hammer head 51 moves upward, the glass ball in the ball groove 74 is pushed into the collection tube 73. Specifically, each time the hammer head 51 moves upward, a glass ball is pushed into the collection tube 73. By observing the number of glass balls in the collection tube 73, the number of hammer strikes can be intuitively determined, eliminating the need for staff to perform additional statistics, thereby significantly improving work efficiency and accuracy. This device has a simple structure and is easy to operate, greatly improving the efficiency and accuracy of foundation bearing capacity layer testing.

[0052] It should be noted that the diameter of the glass beads should be compatible with, and only slightly smaller than, the apertures of the hollow cylinder 71, L-shaped tube 72, and collection tube 73. The lower end of the collection tube 73 is provided with a sealing cap, which can be opened to remove the collected glass beads.

[0053] In terms of design, the upper end portion of the L-shaped tube 72 is intentionally designed to have a certain tilt angle. This design ensures that after the glass ball is separated from the spherical groove 74, it can naturally roll along a predetermined path with the help of the force generated by the tilt angle.

[0054] A method for detecting the bearing capacity of a foundation in layers, applied to the above-mentioned device for detecting the bearing capacity of a foundation in layers, comprises the following steps: Step 1: First, place the device at the location where detection is required, and place the detection mechanism 6 in the housing 8; Step 2: Start the driving mechanism 4 to drive the lifting mechanism 3 to move upward, and the lifting mechanism 3 drives the hammer mechanism 5 to rise to the preset position; Step 3: The hammer mechanism 5 is lifted to a preset position and then separated from the lifting mechanism 3, and moves downward rapidly under its own gravity to strike the hammer detection mechanism 6; Step 4: After the detection tube 61 is hammered into the foundation, a cylinder is inserted into the upper end of the detection tube 61, and the hammer mechanism 5 hammers the cylinder. After the cylinder is hammered, the first and second abutting portions 63 and 64 move downward in sequence. Step 5: The first and second resisting portions 63 and 64 move downwards to cause the two detection portions 62 to expand outwards in sequence, thereby performing layered detection on the foundation. Step 6: Record the number of hammer strikes through the counting mechanism 7.

[0055] The working principle of the present invention is: The device achieves periodic hammering of the foundation soil through the coordinated action of the lifting mechanism 3, the driving mechanism 4 and the hammering mechanism 5, and inserts the detection mechanism 6 into the foundation to be tested. In the initial state, the detection mechanism 6 is placed in the housing 8 at the lower end of the base 1, and the hammering mechanism 5 is linked to the lifting mechanism 3. After starting the drive motor 43, the winding roller 42 rewinds the lifting rope 44 to drive the lifting seat 31 to move upward, thereby driving the hammering mechanism 5 to rise synchronously. When the hammering mechanism 5 rises to a predetermined height, the iron block 36 enters the ring 37 and is attracted by the permanent magnet, prompting the clamping block 33 to retract into the mounting groove 32, releasing the limit on the traction head 56, and the hammering mechanism 5 falls rapidly under the action of gravity, hitting the detection mechanism 6 to complete a hammering action. Subsequently, the drive motor 43 is controlled to reverse and release the lifting rope 44. The pulling mechanism 3 descends under the action of gravity, and the iron block 36 is freed from the magnetic attraction. The clamping block 33 is reset under the action of the first spring 35 and then clamps the traction head 56 again. The above process is repeated to make the hammer mechanism 5 rise and fall cyclically, and the detection mechanism 6 is continuously hammered until it is completely inserted into the foundation.

[0056] The detection mechanism 6 includes a detection cylinder 61 and two detection parts 62 arranged above and below. The first and second resistance parts 63 and 64 drive the cylinder to expand laterally to simulate the compression deformation of the foundation. After the detection cylinder 61 is inserted into the foundation, a cylinder is inserted into its top and hammered by the hammer mechanism 5. The cylinder moves downward, driving the first pressure block 631 downward, pushing the load-bearing block 622 of the upper detection part 62 outward, compressing the second spring 623, and driving the movable block 621 to extend out of the detection cylinder 61 and insert into the foundation. At this time, the number of hammering is recorded by the counting mechanism 7, and the bearing capacity of the foundation layer can be obtained. As the first pressure block 631 continues to move downward, the lower pressure rod 632 inserts into the receiving groove 642 of the second pressure block 641. The locking block 634 is inserted into the locking groove 643 under the action of the third spring 635, causing the second pressure block 641 to move downward synchronously with the first pressure block 631, thereby driving the movable block 621 of the lower detection part 62 outward, completing the bearing capacity test of the next layer of foundation. Each layer of testing is quantitatively evaluated through the number of hammer blows to achieve a layered analysis of the foundation bearing capacity.

[0057] In order to improve the detection accuracy and operation convenience, the detection mechanism 6 is also provided with a warning part 65. When the force block 622 moves to the extreme position, the contact switch 651 is triggered and the corresponding warning light 652 is lit to remind the operator that the current layer has been tested. After the test is completed, the detection cylinder 61 can be pulled out by reverse operation: screw the cylinder with the threaded head into the first pressure block 631, and connect the hammer head 51 and the cylinder with a traction rope. The lifting mechanism 3 is moved upward to drive the cylinder to pull the first pressure block 631 upward, and in turn drive the first push block 638 and the second push block 6410 to squeeze the force block 622, so that it retracts into the inside of the detection cylinder 61, and finally completes the operation of pulling the entire detection cylinder 61 out of the foundation.

[0058] In addition, the device is also equipped with a counting mechanism 7 for automatically recording the number of hammering. Each time the hammering head 51 moves upward, the abutment block 59 on it pushes the movable rod 75 to move, compressing the fifth spring 76, and pushing the bottom glass ball in the hollow cylinder 71 out of the spherical groove 74 through the top block 77, causing it to roll into the collection tube 73 along the L-shaped tube 72. After the hammering head 51 falls, the movable rod 75 is reset under the action of the fifth spring 76, and the next glass ball in the hollow cylinder 71 falls into the spherical groove 74 to prepare for the next count. In this way, each hammering action corresponds to a glass ball being collected in the collection tube 73. The staff can intuitively read the number of hammering through the transparent collection tube 73 without the need for manual counting, thereby improving detection efficiency and data accuracy.

[0059] To sum up, the present invention realizes the functions of automatic hammering, layer detection and automatic recording of the number of hammering times by combining mechanical transmission with elastic reset structure. It has the advantages of compact structure, simple operation, accurate and reliable detection results, etc. It is suitable for on-site detection needs of foundation bearing capacity under various geological conditions.

[0060] The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art may make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such improvements and modifications are also within the scope of protection of the present invention. Structures, devices, and operating methods not specifically described or explained herein shall, unless otherwise specified or limited, be implemented in accordance with conventional means in the art.

Claims

1. A device for detecting the bearing capacity of a foundation layer, characterized by: It includes a base, a bracket is fixedly installed on the top surface of the base, and a casing is fixedly connected to the lower end of the base; A lifting mechanism is provided on one side of the bracket; A driving mechanism is provided on the base and is used to drive the lifting mechanism to rise; The hammer mechanism is slidably connected to the side of the bracket and is located below the lifting mechanism. The driving mechanism drives the lifting mechanism to move upward, thereby lifting the hammer mechanism to a predetermined position. A detection mechanism is provided at the lower end of the support and is used to detect the bearing capacity of the foundation; The counting mechanism is arranged at the upper end of the bracket and is used to record the number of hammer blows; The detection mechanism includes a detection cylinder, which is slidably connected to the housing. Two detection parts are provided in the detection cylinder, a first interference part is provided at the upper detection part, and a second interference part is provided at the lower detection part. A warning part is also provided on the detection cylinder. The detection mechanism is inserted into the foundation through the hammering mechanism, and then the first and second resistance parts are hammered in turn by the hammering mechanism, so that they move downward along the vertical direction of the detection tube, thereby prompting the two detection parts to expand laterally outward in turn to perform layered detection.

2. The device for detecting the bearing capacity of a foundation layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting mechanism includes a lifting seat, which is arranged on the side of the bracket. The lifting seat is provided with installation grooves distributed in a ring shape. A plurality of installation grooves are slidably inserted with a clamping block at one end close to each other. A round rod is fixedly connected to one side of the clamping block. The outer wall of the round rod is provided with a first spring. One end of the round rod passes through the outside of the lifting seat and is fixedly connected to an iron block. A circular ring is fixedly connected to the bracket by a support rod, and the inner ring of the circular ring is fixedly connected to a permanent magnet. A guide block is fixedly connected to the bracket, and a guide rod is slidably connected in the guide block, and one end of the guide rod is fixedly connected to the lifting seat.

3. The device for detecting the bearing capacity of a foundation layer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The driving mechanism includes a mounting seat, which is fixedly connected to the base. A winding roller is rotatably connected to the base through a bearing. A pulling rope is wrapped around the winding roller, and the pulling rope passes along the bracket and is connected to the pulling seat. A driving motor is fixedly installed on the front of the mounting seat, and the output shaft of the driving motor is fixedly connected to the central rotating shaft of the winding roller.

4. The device for detecting the bearing capacity of a foundation layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hammering mechanism includes a hammering head, which is arranged below the lifting mechanism. The upper end of the hammering head is fixedly connected to a threaded rod, a weight block is sleeved on the threaded rod, a fastening bolt is threadedly connected to the threaded rod, the hammering head is fixedly connected to a support rod, the upper end of the support rod is fixedly connected to a traction head, a slide rail is fixedly installed on the side of the bracket, a slider is fixedly connected to the hammering head, and the slider and the slide rail form a sliding structure, and a resistance block is fixedly connected to the support rod by a support rod.

5. The device for detecting the bearing capacity of a foundation layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection part includes a moving block, which is slidably inserted into a movable groove on the detection cylinder. One end of the moving block located in the detection cylinder is fixedly connected to a force-bearing block, and a second spring is fixedly connected between the force-bearing block and the inner wall of the detection cylinder.

6. The device for detecting the bearing capacity of a foundation layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first resistance part includes a first pressure block, which is located at the upper detection part. The lower end of the first pressure block is fixedly connected to a lower pressure rod, and a sliding groove is provided on the lower pressure rod. Locking blocks are slidably inserted at both ends of the sliding groove. A third spring is fixedly connected between the two locking blocks. The inner wall of the detection cylinder is connected to a limiting block in an annular shape. A limiting groove adapted to the limiting block is provided on the outer wall of the first pressure block, and the limiting block and the limiting groove constitute a sliding structure. The lower end of the first pressure block is fixedly connected to the first push block by a support rod.

7. The device for detecting the bearing capacity of a foundation layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second resistance part includes a second pressure block, which is located at the detection part below. An accommodating groove is provided at the upper end of the second pressure block, and locking grooves are provided at both left and right ends of the accommodating groove. A push rod is slidably inserted at one end of the lock groove, and a fourth spring is sleeved on the outer wall of the push rod. The left and right sides of the second pressure block are fixedly connected to the limiting plates, the inner wall of the detection cylinder is fixedly connected to a trapezoidal block, the upper end of the trapezoidal block is fixedly connected to a baffle, the bottom surface of the inner cavity of the detection cylinder is fixedly connected to a vertical rod, and the upper end of the vertical rod is slidably inserted into the slot hole provided at the lower end of the second pressure block, and the lower end of the second pressure block is fixedly connected to the second push block by a support rod.

8. The device for detecting the bearing capacity of a foundation layer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The warning part includes a contact switch, which is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the detection cylinder and located at the force block. The upper end of the detection cylinder is provided with two grooves, and a warning light is installed in the grooves, and the warning light is electrically connected to the contact switch.

9. The device for detecting the bearing capacity of a foundation layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The counting mechanism includes a hollow cylinder, which is fixedly connected to the bracket by a support rod. The lower end of the hollow cylinder is fixedly connected to an L-shaped tube, and the lower end of the L-shaped tube is connected to a collection tube. The collection tube is made of transparent material. A spherical groove is provided on the bottom surface of the inner cavity of the L-shaped tube. A movable rod is inserted into one end of the L-shaped tube. The outer wall of the movable rod is provided with a fifth spring. The end of the movable rod located in the L-shaped tube is fixedly connected to a top block.

10. A method for layered detection of foundation bearing capacity, characterized by: A foundation bearing capacity layer detection device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Place the device at the location where detection is required and place the detection mechanism inside the housing; Step 2: Start the driving mechanism to drive the lifting mechanism to move upward, and drive the hammer mechanism to rise to the preset position through the lifting mechanism; Step 3: After the hammer mechanism is lifted to the preset position, it is separated from the lifting mechanism and moves downward quickly to strike the hammer detection mechanism under the action of its own gravity; Step 4: After hammering the detection tube into the foundation, insert the cylinder into the upper end of the detection tube, and then hammer the cylinder through the hammer mechanism. After the cylinder is hammered, it drives the first and second contact parts to move downward in sequence; Step 5: The first and second contact parts move downward to cause the two detection parts to expand outward in turn, performing layered detection on the foundation; Step 6: Record the number of hammer blows through the counting mechanism.

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