Anchoring device and construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering anchoring, in particular to a multi-layer controllable safety anchoring device based on a gear displacement amplification and grading locking mechanism and a construction method. The device comprises a hollow through outer rod, an inner rod, a gear coupling transmission system, a multi-stage spike structure and a split type locking mechanism. The gear set is driven by the rack to realize displacement amplification, and the axial displacement of the inner rod is converted into radial grading expansion of the spur structure; the elastic limiting structure locks the single-layer protruding thorn, and the inclined top limiting block achieves interlayer inner rod positioning. During construction, the inner rod is pushed layer by layer to unfold the stabs, and the inner rod and the ejection mechanism are integrally recovered after grouting. The method has both mechanical optimization and sustainability, provides efficient, safe and economical technical breakthrough for rock-soil reinforcement engineering, and has wide market application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering anchoring, and in particular to a multi-layer controllable safety anchoring device and a construction method based on a gear displacement amplification and hierarchical locking mechanism. Background Art

[0002] Anchoring technology in geotechnical engineering is a core component of projects such as slope support and tunnel reinforcement. Traditional anchoring devices generally utilize a disposable ejection spike structure, such as the umbrella-shaped anchor claws disclosed in Chinese Patent CN110629755B. These devices must overcome the instantaneous resistance of the stratum to the multiple spikes at the moment of installation, resulting in extremely high energy consumption and stringent equipment power requirements. Furthermore, fixed-size spike structures struggle to adapt to stratum heterogeneity, such as alternating soft and hard layers and the development of fractures. This results in significant anchoring force loss in hard rock layers, while stress concentration in soft rock layers can easily induce anchor failure.

[0003] Existing retrievable anchors, such as the pneumatic anchor disclosed in Chinese Patent CN103911992A, can recover the inner core, but rely on a single expansion element to provide anchoring force, resulting in insufficient pullout resistance and inability to achieve independent control of multiple layers. Another type of blade-type recovery device (Chinese Patent CN216809865U) uses rotating blades to deploy, but this has a limited deployment range. Furthermore, blade obstruction during grouting can lead to uneven grout distribution, creating blind spots and reducing the bond strength between the anchor and the rock and soil.

[0004] Therefore, in response to the above problems, there is an urgent need for a multi-layer controllable anchoring device that can adapt to various complex environments and has an efficient grouting function. Summary of the Invention

[0005] 1. Technical Issues 1. Most traditional anchor rods are rigid structures and cannot dynamically adjust the number of layers and depth, resulting in poor adaptability between the anchor rods and the geology; 2. The stab structure of traditional anchor bolts needs to be ejected at one time, which increases resistance and requires higher construction energy consumption.

[0006] 2. Technical Solution In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an anchoring device, comprising: Hollow through outer rod; A plurality of groups of thorn structures are arranged axially along the outer rod; The inner rod includes a central moving rod and a fixed rod sleeved thereon; The ejection mechanism is located between the movable rod and the fixed rod, and is used to convert the axial displacement of the movable rod relative to the fixed rod into a radial displacement that ejects the spur structure outward from the outer rod.

[0007] Preferably, the outer rod is a detachable structure, comprising: the rod tip at the bottom; Several rod sections in the middle; The rod cap at the top; They are fixed to each other by screw connections.

[0008] Preferably, the spur structure comprises a spike and at least two layers of independently deployable square steel tubes; The square steel tube with the largest inner diameter is vertically fixed to the outer surface of the outer rod and is connected to the interior of the outer rod through an opening formed on the outer rod; The spike is fixedly mounted on one end of the square steel pipe with the smallest inner diameter; After being unfolded, two adjacent square steel tubes are fixed by an elastic limiting structure.

[0009] Preferably, the elastic limiting structure includes a first spring and a spherical top limiting block; Of the two adjacent square steel tubes, one is provided with a tolerance groove, and the other is provided with a limiting hole relative to the notch of the tolerance groove; The first spring and the spherical top limiting block are both located in the tolerance groove, and two ends of the first spring are fixedly connected to the bottom of the tolerance groove and the bottom of the spherical top limiting block respectively; When the tolerance groove and the limiting hole are misaligned, the first spring is compressed and the ball-top limiting block is located in the tolerance groove; When the tolerance groove coincides with the limiting hole, the first spring is released, and the ball-top limiting block is ejected to between the tolerance groove and the limiting hole.

[0010] Preferably, the inner rod is a regular polygonal structure, and the number of sides is the same as the number of each group of spur structures.

[0011] Preferably, each outer side surface of the inner rod is provided with an ejection structure, comprising: A rack embedded in the side of the moving rod; A tooth column installed vertically on the side of the fixed rod; A driving gear is rotatably mounted on one end of the gear column close to the fixed rod, and the driving gear penetrates the side wall of the fixed rod and meshes with the rack; A combination wheel is rotatably mounted on one end of the gear column away from the fixed rod, the combination wheel consisting of a driven gear and a sprocket arranged coaxially, wherein the driven gear is meshed with the driving gear; One end is attached to the side wall of the fixed rod, and the other end is bent and extended to the chain compartment above the sprocket, in which a chain is placed; The sprocket passes through the bottom wall of the chain bin and engages with the chain.

[0012] Preferably, the diameter ratio of the driving gear to the driven gear is not less than 2.

[0013] Preferably, the inner wall of the outer rod is provided with a plurality of guide rails, and the guide rails are composed of two limit plates arranged in parallel on the inner wall of the inner rod; The curved end of the chain bin is inserted into the guide rail; A positioning groove is provided on the inner wall of the outer rod below each opening in the guide rail; a tilted top limit block is connected to the positioning groove via a second spring to ensure that the outlet of the chain bin is aligned with the opening.

[0014] Preferably, a plurality of overflow holes are provided on the surface of the outer rod and the surface of the thorn structure.

[0015] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a construction method based on the above-mentioned anchoring device, comprising: S1. Assemble the outer rod and insert the anchor hole; S2. The step-by-step push rods are deployed layer by layer to form a spur structure, with each layer locked by an elastic limiter structure; S3. Pull the fixed rod in the opposite direction so that the chain magazine outlet is aligned with the opening over the inclined top stopper, and repeat step S2 until all spur structures are deployed; S4. Recover the inner rod and then grout.

[0016] 3. Beneficial Effects This invention utilizes a gear-displacement amplification mechanism to convert small displacement inputs from the central driving rod into large-stroke deployment of the spur structure. When the driving gear diameter is designed to be at least twice that of the driven gear, the spur structure's displacement is amplified to at least twice the input. This cascaded deployment mechanism breaks down the traditional one-shot ejection resistance into multiple, low-load stages, achieving labor-saving results. Furthermore, inclined ejection stoppers assist with inter-layer alignment, eliminating repeated adjustments and further shortening installation time.

[0017] In addition, the present invention can flexibly adjust the number of spur layers by increasing or decreasing the number of intermediate rod sections according to different stratum depths, such as alternating soft and hard rock strata, to maximize the use of stratum bearing capacity; the graded installation mechanism allows the spurs to be deployed layer by layer, avoiding excessive construction resistance caused by one-time deployment; by controlling the relative displacement of the inner rod and the outer rod, the installation depth of each layer of the spur structure can be dynamically adjusted to adapt to the heterogeneity of complex geological structures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the anchoring device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the inner rod structure of the present invention; Figure 3 1 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the anchoring device when the stab structure of the present invention is not deployed; Figure 4 1 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the anchoring device after the spur structure of the present invention is deployed; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the spur structure of the present invention after it is deployed; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the ejection mechanism of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the chain structure of the present invention; Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the rod section structure of the present invention; Figure 9 2. It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the movable rod of the present invention; Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the elastic limiting structure of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic structural diagram of the inclined top limit block of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the elastic limiting structure and the square steel pipe of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the inclined top limit block structure and the rod section of the present invention; In the figure: 1. outer rod; 101. rod tip; 102. rod section; 103. rod cap; 104. limit plate; 105. opening; 2. inner rod; 201. moving rod; 202. fixed rod; 301. spike; 302. square steel pipe; 401. first spring; 402. ball-top limit block; 403. tolerance groove; 404. limit hole; 405. overflow hole; 501. rack; 502. gear column; 503. driving gear; 504. driven gear; 505. sprocket; 506. chain magazine; 507. chain; 601. positioning groove; 602. second spring; 603. inclined top limit block. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of this application more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] Example 1: See also Figure 1 In the first aspect, the present invention provides an anchoring device, comprising: a hollow through-out outer rod 1; a plurality of spur structures arranged axially along the outer rod 1; an inner rod 2, comprising a central movable rod 201 and a fixed rod 202 sleeved thereon; and an ejection mechanism located between the movable rod 201 and the fixed rod 202, for converting the axial displacement of the movable rod 201 relative to the fixed rod 202 into a radial displacement for ejecting the spur structure outward from the outer rod 1.

[0021] Specifically, engineers flexibly selected outer rods (1) of varying lengths based on the anchoring requirements and the geological conditions of the anchoring area, then inserted the outer rods (1) into the anchor holes. The spike structure did not deploy during insertion, so it did not interfere with smooth insertion. Once the outer rods (1) were properly positioned, the inner rods (2) were pulled to adjust their position within the outer rods (1), ensuring that the ejector portion of the ejector mechanism aligned with the spike structure.

[0022] Then, while ensuring that the fixed rod 202 in the inner rod 2 remains stationary, the movable rod 201 is pushed and pulled, causing the movable rod 201 to move axially relative to the fixed rod 202. With the cooperation of the ejection mechanism, this axial movement of the fixed rod 202 is converted into lateral displacement that drives the spur structure to deploy. The passively deployed spur structure is inserted vertically into the anchor hole wall, thereby enhancing the anchoring effect by leveraging the resistance of the formation.

[0023] Among them, which layer of the thorn structure is deployed and how long it is deployed depends on the relative position of the inner rod 2 and the amount of axial displacement of the movable rod 201 relative to the fixed rod 202. Therefore, according to the results of the formation exploration, different lengths of thorn structures can be matched to different soil environments and formation adaptability. For example, a thorn mechanism with a shorter deployment length can be set in the outer rod 1 area corresponding to the hard rock layer, and a thorn mechanism with a longer deployment length can be set in the outer rod 1 area corresponding to the soft rock layer. On the one hand, by adjusting the lengths of different thorn structures, the anchoring force of the anchor rod in different axial length areas is uniform; on the other hand, the construction difficulty can be reduced, and there is no need to push the thorn mechanism longer into the anchor hole wall despite the strong resistance of the hard rock layer. A balance is achieved between reducing the construction difficulty and maximizing the use of the bearing capacity of the formation.

[0024] like Figure 1 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the outer rod 1 is preferably a detachable structure, including: a rod tip 101 at the bottom; a plurality of rod sections 102 in the middle; a rod cap 103 at the top; and they are fixed to each other by threaded connections. Engineers can adjust the length of the entire outer rod 1 by selecting a combination of different numbers of rod sections 102 according to the depth of different anchor holes, so as to achieve the purpose of flexibly adapting to different anchor hole depths. Furthermore, since the spur structures are all fixedly mounted on the outside of the rod sections 102, engineers can select rod sections 102 of different lengths to assemble together while keeping the structure of the rod sections 102 unchanged. For example, in a hard rock layer area, engineers can select shorter rod sections 102 for splicing to increase the density of the spur structure of the outer rod 1 corresponding to the hard rock layer area, and improve the anchoring stability by taking advantage of the higher stability of the hard rock layer.

[0025] This embodiment takes four rod sections 102 of identical size and structure as an example, and connects these four rod sections 102 end to end coaxially to form the main body of the outer rod 1. Figure 8As shown, each rod segment 102 is provided with an external thread and an internal thread at both ends, thereby realizing the assembly and fixation of the four rod segments 102 by threaded engagement. After assembly, the rod tip 101 and the rod cap 103 are fixed to the rod segment 102 by threaded connection in the same way, thereby completing the assembly of the outer rod 1.

[0026] The entire outer rod 1 is hollow inside, which not only reduces the amount of steel used, but more importantly, allows the inner rod 2 to be inserted into the outer rod 1 to push out the spur structure and unfold it, and acts as a guide channel during the grouting process, guiding the slurry to the surrounding areas of the entire outer rod 1 to ensure sufficient and uniform anchoring.

[0027] like Figure 5 As shown, the thorn structure includes a spike 301 and at least two layers of independently expandable square steel tubes 302; the square steel tube 302 with the largest inner diameter is vertically fixed to the outer surface of the outer rod 1, and is connected to the interior of the outer rod 1 through the opening 105 opened on the outer rod 1; the spike 301 is fixedly installed at one end of the square steel tube 302 with the smallest inner diameter; after expansion, two adjacent square steel tubes 302 are fixed by an elastic limiting structure.

[0028] By nesting several square steel tubes 302 to form a step-by-step expansion structure, it is not only convenient for engineering personnel to adjust the overall length of the spur structure by increasing or decreasing the number of square steel tubes 302, so that it can adapt to the anchoring requirements of different soil conditions; on the other hand, the splicing of multiple square steel tubes 302 can allow the spurs to be expanded layer by layer during the ejection process, avoiding excessive construction resistance caused by one-time expansion, thereby achieving the purpose of saving labor.

[0029] Specifically, in this embodiment, a five-stage spur structure composed of five square steel tubes 302 is used as an example. One end of the five-stage spur structure is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the outer rod 1, which can be fixed by welding. The other end of the spur structure is fixedly mounted with a spike 301 at the ejection end. During the ejection process, the cone structure of the spike 301 is used to break through the soil layer, further reducing ejection resistance. In addition, the bottom surface of the spike 301 blocks the end of the square steel tube 302 with the smallest inner diameter, allowing the ejection mechanism in the outer rod 1 to pass through the opening 105 and contact the bottom surface of the spike 301. By pushing the spike 301, the spur structure is gradually deployed.

[0030] On this basis, if Figure 10 and Figure 12As shown, the elastic limiting structure includes a first spring 401 and a spherical top limiting block 402; in the two adjacent square steel tubes 302, one is provided with a tolerance groove 403, and the other is provided with a limiting hole 404 relative to the notch of the tolerance groove 403; the first spring 401 and the spherical top limiting block 402 are both located in the tolerance groove 403, and the two ends of the first spring 401 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the tolerance groove 403 and the bottom of the spherical top limiting block 402 respectively; when the tolerance groove 403 and the limiting hole 404 are misaligned, the first spring 401 is compressed and the spherical top limiting block 402 is located in the tolerance groove 403; when the tolerance groove 403 and the limiting hole 404 coincide with each other, the first spring 401 is released, and the spherical top limiting block 402 is ejected to between the tolerance groove 403 and the limiting hole 404.

[0031] In this embodiment, the limiting hole 404 is provided at the connecting end of the square steel tube 302 with a smaller inner diameter, and the tolerance groove 403 is provided at the ejection end of the adjacent square steel tube 302 with a larger inner diameter. When the previous section of the square steel tube 302 with a smaller inner diameter is ejected, it can move relative to the adjacent square steel tube 302 with a larger inner diameter. As the square steel tube 302 with a smaller inner diameter continues to move, the limiting hole 404 provided at its connecting end gradually overlaps with the notch of the tolerance groove 403. After the limiting hole 404 and the notch of the tolerance groove 403 are completely overlapped, the first spring 401 in the tolerance groove 403 will eject the ball-top limiting block 402 into the limiting hole 404. At this time, the main part of the ball-top limit block 402 lies across the contact plane of the two adjacent square steel tubes 302, and a part of its tail end is located in the tolerance groove 403, thereby limiting the movement of the two adjacent square steel tubes 302 by means of the limiting effect of the groove wall of the tolerance groove 403. In this way, after the previous section of square steel tube 302 is fully unfolded, the locking effect of the ball-top limit block 402 is used to drive the next section of square steel tube 302 to unfold. This step-by-step unfolding saves ejection power and reduces the difficulty of ejection.

[0032] like Figure 2 As shown, the inner rod 2 is a regular polygon with the same number of sides as each set of protruding structures. This embodiment assumes that each set of protruding structures has four protruding structures, so the inner rod 2 is square in cross-section. This not only provides flat mounting space for the ejection mechanism corresponding to each protruding structure, but also utilizes the right-angle locking effect to prevent circumferential displacement of the fixed rod 202 relative to the movable rod 201 during axial movement relative to the fixed rod 202. This provides stable ejection of each layer of protruding structures.

[0033] Further, such as Figure 2 and Figure 6As shown, each outer side surface of the inner rod 2 is arranged with a ejection structure, including: a rack 501 embedded in the side surface of the movable rod 201; a tooth column 502 vertically installed on the side surface of the fixed rod 202; a driving gear 503 is rotatably installed on the end of the tooth column 502 close to the fixed rod 202, and the driving gear 503 passes through the side wall of the fixed rod 202 and engages with the rack 501; a combination wheel is rotatably installed on the end of the tooth column 502 away from the fixed rod 202, and the combination wheel consists of a driven gear 504 and a sprocket 505 arranged coaxially, wherein the driven gear 504 is engaged with the driving gear 503; one end is attached to the side wall of the fixed rod 202, and the other end is bent and extended to the chain compartment 506 above the sprocket 505, and a chain 507 is placed in the chain compartment 506; the sprocket 505 passes through the bottom wall of the chain compartment 506 and engages with the chain 507.

[0034] Specifically, by adjusting the height of the inner rod 2 within the inner cavity of the outer rod 1, the outlet of the chain compartment 506 is aligned with the opening 105. Then, while the inner rod 2 is held stationary, the movable rod 201 is pressed downward, allowing it to move relative to the fixed rod 202. At this point, the rack 501 on the movable rod 201 meshes with the driving gear 503, driving the driving gear 503 to rotate on the tooth column 502. The rotating driving gear 503 also transmits torque to the driven gear 504 through gear meshing, causing it to rotate. Because the driven gear 504 and sprocket 505 are coaxially fixed to form a combined wheel, the driven gear 504 drives the sprocket 505 to rotate synchronously. The rotating sprocket 505 meshes with the chain 507, pulling the chain 507 from the chain compartment 506 toward the opening 105.

[0035] As the chain 507 is continuously fed, the end of the chain 507 gradually passes through the opening 105 and enters the square steel tube 302 until it contacts the bottom surface of the spike 301 and is ejected outward. It is understood that in order to prevent the chain links of the chain 507 from stacking up and causing the chain 507 to become stuck, thereby affecting the transmission of the ejection force, the cross-sectional dimensions of the chain compartment 506 and the cross-sectional dimensions of the opening 105 are adapted to the cross-sectional dimensions of the chain 507, thereby limiting the end of the chain from bending at a large angle when encountering resistance. Furthermore, the square steel tube 302 with the largest inner diameter in the stab structure also needs to have an inner diameter that is sufficient to prevent the chain links from bending at a large angle. Optionally, the inner length and width of the square steel tube 302 with the largest inner diameter in the stab structure are both set to be less than the length of a chain link.

[0036] Alternatively, as Figure 6 As shown, the diameter ratio of the driving gear 503 to the driven gear 504 can be 3. This transmission ratio design can achieve a wide range of ejection drive of the chain 507 even under the premise of a short stroke of the rack 501, thereby further saving labor and improving ejection efficiency.

[0037] In order to achieve the relative movement of the movable rod 201 relative to the fixed rod 202 with greater effort, a plurality of threaded holes can be provided on the fixed rod 202, and bolts can be installed in the threaded holes closest to the upper surface of the rod cap 103, so that a self-locking structure is formed between the bolts and the rod cap 103, thereby achieving the purpose of suspending the fixed rod 202 below the rod cap 103. Even if the engineer releases the fixed rod 202, it will not move. In this case, it is convenient for the engineer to violently operate the movable rod 201, for example, by directly hitting the upper end of the movable rod 201 with a hammer to provide a strong torque to the gear and sprocket 505 system, ensuring that the spur structure can be installed in place. Of course, the engineer can also adopt other methods as long as the fixed rod 202 can be fixed.

[0038] like Figure 11 and Figure 13 As shown, four guide rails are provided on the inner wall of the outer rod 1, and the guide rails are composed of two limit plates 104 arranged in parallel on the inner wall of the inner rod 2; the bent end of the chain bin 506 is inserted into the guide rails; a positioning groove 601 is provided on the inner wall of the outer rod 1 below each opening 105 in the guide rail; a tilted top limit block 603 is connected to the positioning groove 601 through a second spring 602, which is used to ensure that the outlet of the chain bin 506 is aligned with the opening 105.

[0039] Because the inner cavity of the outer rod 1 is narrow, it is difficult for engineers to visually or tactilely determine whether the outlet of the chain compartment 506 is aligned with the opening 105 after the outer rod 1 is inserted into the anchor hole. If it is not aligned, the chain 507 will always interfere with the inner wall of the outer rod 1, and the spur structure cannot be ejected. Therefore, it is necessary to install an auxiliary positioning system inside the outer rod 1 to help the inner rod 2 accurately locate the position of the spur structure.

[0040] Specifically, a guide rail composed of two limiting plates 104 is provided within the outer rod 1, confining the outlet of the curved end of the chain compartment 506 within the rail. Furthermore, because the other end of the chain compartment 506 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the fixed rod 202, the chain compartment 506 acts as a linkage, allowing the outer rod 1 to move axially relative to the guide rail only through the chain compartment 506. Furthermore, the opening 105 is positioned within the guide rail, thus preventing circumferential offset between the outlet of the chain compartment 506 and the opening 105.

[0041] The inclined top limit block 603 is also arranged below the opening 105 in the guide rail. When the curved end of the chain bin 506 moves along the guide rail under the pull of the inner rod 2, it will gradually conflict with the inclined surface of the inclined top limit block 603. As the inner rod 2 continues to pull, the inclined top limit block 603 will be forced to squeeze into the positioning groove 601 until the curved end of the chain bin 506 passes over the inclined surface and reaches above the inclined top limit block 603. At this point, the squeeze force on the inclined top stopper 603 disappears, and under the action of the second spring 602, the inclined top stopper 603 is re-ejected from the positioning groove 601. After being ejected, the inclined top stopper 603 forms a carrying platform below the opening 105. This carrying platform not only indirectly assists in the axial fixation of the fixed rod 202 by providing support for the curved end of the chain compartment 506, but more importantly, it ensures that the curved end outlet of the chain compartment 506 is aligned with the opening 105, thus avoiding axial offset between the outlet of the chain compartment 506 and the opening 105. This lays the foundation for the chain 507 in the chain compartment 506 to accurately enter the spur structure. The engineer only needs to sense the resistance of the inclined top stopper 603 during the manual pulling of the inner rod 2 and release the inner rod 2 after the resistance disappears.

[0042] This embodiment uses a guide rail and a tilted top stopper 603 to achieve alignment between the chain bin 506 outlet and the opening 105 of the outer rod 1. However, it should be noted that this alignment function can be achieved only when the following two points are noted during assembly of the anchoring device: First: When threading and fixing the rod segments 102, the circumferential angle of each rod segment 102 must be adjusted so that the guide rails inside them can be correctly aligned to form a straight and continuous guide rail, thereby avoiding misalignment, disconnection, and jamming of the inner rod 2. Second: Before installing the rod section 102 on the rod tip 101, it is necessary to first insert the lower end of the inner rod 2 into the inside of the rod tip 101, and then put the rod section 102 and the rod cap 103 from the other end of the inner rod 2 onto the top of the rod tip 101 to ensure that the chain compartment 506 outlet can be aligned with the set of openings 105 on the outer rod 1 closest to the rod tip 101.

[0043] Furthermore, a plurality of overflow holes 405 are provided on the surface of the outer rod 1 and the thorn structure.

[0044] Specifically, after all the spur structures are pushed out into place, the inner rod 2 is pulled out for next use. At this time, the interior of the outer rod 1 is completely hollow and can serve as a drainage channel for the slurry, allowing the slurry to smoothly pass through the overflow hole 405 and fill the gap between the outer rod 1, the spur structure and the soil layer, further enhancing the anchoring effect.

[0045] Example 2: In a second aspect, the present invention provides a construction method of the anchoring device according to the first embodiment, comprising: S1. Assemble the outer rod 1 and implant the anchor hole; S2. Grading propulsion rod 201 layer by layer to expand the stab structure, each layer is locked by an elastic limiting structure; S3. Pull the fixed rod 202 in the opposite direction so that the outlet of the chain magazine 506 is aligned with the opening 105 over the inclined top stopper 603, and repeat step S2 until all the spur structures are deployed; S4. Recover the inner rod 2 and then perform grouting.

[0046] The specific structure, usage steps and technical effects involved in the construction method of the anchoring device in this embodiment can be referred to the aforementioned embodiment 1, and will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0047] Although the present invention has been described in detail above using general descriptions and specific embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and improvements may be made thereto. Therefore, such modifications and improvements, without departing from the spirit of the present invention, are intended to be within the scope of protection claimed herein.

Claims

1. Anchoring device, characterized in that: include: A hollow through-hole outer rod (1); A plurality of groups of thorn structures are arranged axially along the outer rod (1); The inner rod (2) comprises a central movable rod (201) and a fixed rod (202) sleeved thereon; The ejection mechanism is located between the movable rod (201) and the fixed rod (202) and is used to convert the axial displacement of the movable rod (201) relative to the fixed rod (202) into a radial displacement for ejecting the spur structure outward from the outer rod (1).

2. The anchoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer rod (1) is a detachable structure, comprising: a rod tip (101) at the bottom; Several rod sections (102) in the middle; a rod cap (103) at the top; They are fixed to each other by screw connections.

3. The anchoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spur structure comprises a spike (301) and at least two layers of independently deployable square steel tubes (302); The square steel tube (302) with the largest inner diameter is vertically fixed to the outer surface of the outer rod (1) and communicates with the interior of the outer rod (1) through an opening (105) provided on the outer rod (1); The spike (301) is fixedly mounted on one end of the square steel tube (302) with the smallest inner diameter; After being unfolded, two adjacent square steel tubes (302) are fixed by an elastic limiting structure.

4. The anchoring device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The elastic limiting structure comprises a first spring (401) and a spherical top limiting block (402); Of the two adjacent square steel tubes (302), one is provided with a tolerance groove (403), and the other is provided with a limiting hole (404) at a notch relative to the tolerance groove (403); The first spring (401) and the spherical top limiting block (402) are both located in the tolerance groove (403), and the two ends of the first spring (401) are fixedly connected to the bottom of the tolerance groove (403) and the bottom of the spherical top limiting block (402), respectively; When the tolerance groove (403) and the limiting hole (404) are misaligned, the first spring (401) is compressed, and the ball top limiting block (402) is located in the tolerance groove (403); When the tolerance groove (403) and the limiting hole (404) coincide with each other, the first spring (401) is released, and the ball-top limiting block (402) is ejected to between the tolerance groove (403) and the limiting hole (404).

5. The anchoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner rod (2) is a regular polygonal structure, and the number of sides is the same as the number of each group of spur structures.

6. The anchoring device according to claim 5, characterized in that: Each outer side surface of the inner rod (2) is provided with an ejection structure, comprising: A rack (501) embedded in the side of the movable rod (201); A tooth column (502) vertically mounted on the side of the fixed rod (202); A driving gear (503) is rotatably mounted on one end of the tooth column (502) close to the fixed rod (202), and the driving gear (503) passes through the side wall of the fixed rod (202) and meshes with the rack (501); A combination wheel is rotatably mounted on one end of the tooth column (502) away from the fixed rod (202), the combination wheel consisting of a driven gear (504) and a sprocket (505) arranged coaxially, wherein the driven gear (504) is meshed with the driving gear (503); One end is attached to the side wall of the fixed rod (202), and the other end is bent and extended to the chain compartment (506) above the sprocket (505), wherein a chain (507) is placed in the chain compartment (506); The sprocket (505) passes through the bottom wall of the chain compartment (506) and engages with the chain (507).

7. The anchoring device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The diameter ratio of the driving gear (503) to the driven gear (504) is not less than 2.

8. The anchoring device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The inner wall of the outer rod (1) is provided with a plurality of guide rails, and the guide rails are composed of two limit plates (104) arranged in parallel on the inner wall of the inner rod (2); The curved end of the chain bin (506) is inserted into the guide rail; A positioning groove (601) is provided on the inner wall of the outer rod (1) below each opening (105) in the guide rail; a tilted top limit block (603) is connected to the positioning groove (601) via a second spring (602) to ensure that the outlet of the chain bin (506) is aligned with the opening (105).

9. The anchoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of overflow holes (405) are provided on the surface of the outer rod (1) and the thorn structure.

10. The construction method of the anchoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: S1. Assemble the outer rod (1) and insert the anchor hole; S2. The graded propulsion rod (201) is deployed layer by layer to form a thorn structure, and each layer is locked by an elastic limiting structure; S3. Pull the fixed rod (202) in the opposite direction so that the outlet of the chain magazine (506) passes over the inclined top stopper (603) and is aligned with the opening (105), and repeat the above step S2 until all the spur structures are deployed; S4. Recover the inner rod (2) and then perform grouting.

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