Self-adaptive scouring protection structure for coastal pile foundation

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of pile foundation protection, in particular to a coastal pile foundation self-adaptive scouring protection structure which comprises a pile foundation, an annular protection sleeve is arranged on the outer side of the pile foundation in a sleeving mode, and a plurality of flow guide mechanisms which are distributed at equal intervals and can adapt to water flow impact to change angles so as to restrain vortexes are arranged on the outer side of the protection sleeve in the circumferential direction of the protection sleeve. A transmission mechanism with a one-way transmission function is arranged at the position, corresponding to each flow guide mechanism, in the protection sleeve, and angle changes of the flow guide mechanisms push the transmission mechanisms to be arranged at the bottom of the protection sleeve in a linkage mode and used for lifting water flow on the lower portion of the pile foundation so as to achieve the effects of gathering silt and damaging vortex forming. The flow adjusting mechanisms correspond to the transmission mechanisms in number and position. The arc-shaped flow guide plates in the flow guide mechanism deflect in a self-adaptive mode within the range of 30-60 degrees, water flow separation is delayed at the low flow speed, vortex cores are blocked at the high flow speed, vortex generation can be remarkably and actively inhibited, the strength of the vortex can be remarkably and actively inhibited, and the vortex is actively inhibited.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pile foundation protection, and in particular to a coastal pile foundation self-adaptive scour protection structure. Background Art

[0002] Coastal pile foundations are prone to local scouring under the action of waves and tides, forming horseshoe-shaped vortices that lead to seabed hollowing. Chinese patent CN202420881187X discloses a scouring protection structure, comprising a base, pile legs, and a protection assembly. The base is arranged on the pile legs and has an annular structure that is sleeved on the pile foundation. The protection assembly is arranged around the periphery of the base and is rotatably connected to the base. A flexible layer is provided around the periphery of the protection assembly, and a cavity is formed between the flexible layer and the protection assembly. The cavity is filled with a fluid that can move within the cavity to enable the flexible layer to deform and adaptively simulate the shape of the flow around. When the flow rate or direction of the water passing through the protection assembly is different, the flexible layer can adaptively deform and rotate, and the water can pass through the protection assembly along the outer edge of the flexible layer in the flow shape, thereby reducing the impact resistance of the water flow on the protection assembly, improving the protection capability of the pile foundation and extending the service life.

[0003] The above patented technical solution realizes the protection of the pile foundation itself. In actual application, in addition to the need for protection of the pile foundation itself, the flow of seawater will form horseshoe vortices, which will scour the seabed and hollow it out, thereby affecting the stability of the pile foundation. Some existing protective measures are passive protection. Rigid structures such as riprap and concrete blocks can only reduce and buffer scour, but cannot suppress the cause of vortexes, and are easily displaced and rendered ineffective by water flow. Therefore, those skilled in the art provide a coastal pile foundation adaptive scour protection structure that can adapt to changes in water flow and actively suppress vortices. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a coastal pile foundation adaptive scour protection structure, comprising a pile foundation, an annular protective sleeve provided on the outer side of the pile foundation, and a plurality of equally spaced diversion mechanisms provided along the circumference of the outer side of the protective sleeve. The diversion mechanisms can adapt to the angle of the water flow impact and thus suppress eddy currents. The angle between the diversion mechanisms and the horizontal plane can be adjusted in the range of 30-60 degrees. A transmission mechanism with a one-way transmission function is provided at the position corresponding to each diversion mechanism in the protective cover. The angle change of the diversion mechanism drives the transmission mechanism to be linked with the flow regulating mechanism provided at the bottom of the protective cover to lift the water flow under the pile foundation, thereby gathering sediment and destroying the formation of vortex. The number and position of the flow regulating mechanisms correspond to the setting of the transmission mechanism. It also includes an ecological reinforcement structure, which is annular and the top of the ecological reinforcement structure is fixed to the bottom of the protective cover. The ecological reinforcement structure is arranged on the outside of the flow regulating mechanism to reduce the flow velocity of the water at the bottom and attract marine organisms to attach to achieve the effect of naturally reinforcing the seabed.

[0005] Preferably: the ecological reinforcement structure includes an annular plate, which is fixed to the bottom of the protective cover, and a plurality of anchor rods distributed in a ring are installed at the lower end of the annular plate. Barbs are set at the bottom of the anchor rods, and a carbon fiber grid is provided between adjacent anchor rods. The carbon fiber grid is woven with carbon wire, and its grid aperture is set at mm4-5mm. A layer of biological coating is formed on the surface of the carbon fiber grid by electrostatic spraying, and the biological coating adopts a composite layer of nano-hydroxyapatite + sodium alginate.

[0006] Preferably: a sleeve plate is provided on the outside of the protective sleeve, a plurality of side grooves are distributed at equal intervals on the outer edge of the sleeve plate, a shaft sleeve is provided on the inner wall of the side groove, the shaft sleeve is rotatably connected to the guide mechanism, a plurality of guide cavities that pass through from top to bottom are provided in the protective sleeve, each guide cavity corresponds to a flow regulating mechanism, an inner groove is provided on one side of the guide cavity in the protective sleeve, and a transmission mechanism is installed in the inner groove.

[0007] Preferably: the guide mechanism includes a rotating shaft, both ends of the rotating shaft are located in the shaft sleeve, a guide plate is arranged on the outside of the rotating shaft, the guide plate is an arc-shaped structure, a reinforcement plate is provided on the side of the guide plate close to the pile foundation, the other end of the reinforcement plate is fixed on the rotating shaft, and an elastic structure is provided between the reinforcement plate and the protective sleeve.

[0008] Preferably: the elastic structure includes two ball joint seats, which are respectively located on the reinforcement plate and the protective sleeve. One of the ball joint seats is connected to the moving rod, and the other is provided with a sleeve. One end of the moving rod is located in the sleeve, and a spring 1 is provided in the sleeve. Both ends of the spring 1 are provided with rubber sleeves, and the rubber sleeves can slide in the sleeve.

[0009] Preferably, the transmission mechanism includes a gear structure and a transmission structure, the gear structure is located in the inner groove, and one end of the transmission structure extends out of the inner groove and is tangent to the lower side wall of the reinforcement plate; The conduction structure includes a fixed tube, a guide rod and a track. One side of the fixed tube is fixed on the side wall of the protective sleeve. The guide rod is located in the fixed tube. One end of the guide rod extends out of the fixed tube and is provided with a ball head. The ball head is tangent to the lower side of the reinforcement plate and slides with each other. The other end of the guide rod passes through the side wall of the inner groove and is located inside it, and is provided with a rack. A second spring is provided in the fixed tube. The second spring is sleeved on the guide rod, one end of which is connected to the outer side wall of the guide rod and the other end is connected to the side wall of the protective sleeve. A track is provided at the bottom of the inner groove, and the lower side of the rack is located in the track and is slidably connected to it.

[0010] Preferably, the gear structure includes a gear box, the top of the gear box is fixed to the top wall of the inner groove, the lower end of the gear box extends out of the input shaft, and the end of the input shaft is mounted with a spur gear through a one-way bearing; The gearbox is a transmission case, and an output shaft is arranged on the side close to the pile foundation. An output bevel gear is installed on the output shaft, and the output bevel gear is engaged with the flow regulating mechanism.

[0011] Preferably: when the rack moves toward one side of the pile foundation, the one-way bearing is in a self-locking state, the rack meshes with the flat gear and drives the gear box to rotate, its input shaft has power input, and the output shaft rotates to start the work through the output bevel gear meshing flow regulating mechanism; When the rack moves toward the side away from the pile foundation, the one-way bearing is in a rotating state, the rack engages with the spur gear but cannot drive the gearbox to rotate. Its input shaft has no power input and the output shaft will not rotate, thus preventing the flow regulating mechanism from operating in reverse.

[0012] Preferably, the flow regulating mechanism includes a pipe, which is a cylindrical structure with a hollow cylindrical cavity provided inside. An inlet is provided at the bottom of the pipe away from the pile foundation, and the inlet is provided on the side. The outlet of the pipe is connected to the diversion cavity.

[0013] Preferably, a bracket is provided at the outlet of the pipeline, a stirring shaft is rotatably connected in the bracket, a transmission blade is provided at the lower part of the stirring shaft, an input bevel gear is provided at the top thereof, and the input bevel gear meshes with the output bevel gear.

[0014] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention: 1. The arc-shaped guide plate in the guide mechanism of the present invention is adaptively deflected in the range of 30°-60°. At low flow rates (30°), it delays water flow separation and at high flow rates (60°), it blocks the vortex core, which can significantly and actively suppress the generation of vortices and reduce the intensity of vortices, thereby achieving active vortex suppression.

[0015] 2. In the present invention, the deflection of the guide plate pushes the flat gear through the rack, and the one-way transmission design of the one-way bearing drives the gear box to rotate, so that the flow regulating mechanism is activated only when the water flow is enhanced, avoiding the reverse operation of the flow regulating mechanism affecting the seabed; the transmission blades in the flow regulating mechanism lift the water flow at the bottom of the pile foundation through the pipeline to the diversion cavity for discharge, destroying the conditions for the formation of horseshoe vortex, lifting the water flow to form a centripetal flow field, pushing the external sediment to accumulate around the pile, effectively filling the scour pit, realizing sediment backfill, and achieving the effect of actively regulating the seabed flow field and reinforcing the seabed.

[0016] 3. The present invention has the effect of ecological synergistic reinforcement. The carbon fiber grid allows the larvae of marine organisms to enter. The biological coating (nanohydroxyapatite + sodium alginate) on its surface can increase the biological attachment rate and achieve a reinforcement effect through marine organisms. The grid structure can also reduce the bottom water flow rate and promote the sedimentation of suspended sediment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional adaptive scour protection structure for coastal pile foundations provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional adaptive scour protection structure for coastal pile foundations provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 This is a front view of a coastal pile foundation adaptive scour protection structure provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of a coastal pile foundation adaptive scour protection structure provided in an embodiment of the present application after the ecological reinforcement structure is dismantled; Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of an ecological reinforcement structure in a coastal pile foundation adaptive scour protection structure provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of a coastal pile foundation adaptive scour protection structure provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of a protective sleeve in a coastal pile foundation adaptive scour protection structure provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 8 This is a schematic structural diagram of a diversion mechanism in a coastal pile foundation adaptive scour protection structure provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 9 An exploded view of the elastic structure of a coastal pile foundation adaptive scour protection structure provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 10 This is a schematic structural diagram of a transmission mechanism in a coastal pile foundation adaptive scour protection structure provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 11 This is a coastal pile foundation adaptive scour protection structure provided in the embodiment of the application. Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the structure at A in the middle; Figure 12 This is an exploded view of a flow regulating mechanism in a coastal pile foundation adaptive scour protection structure provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 13 This is an exploded view of the conductive structure in a coastal pile foundation adaptive scour protection structure provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0018] In the picture: 1. Pile foundation; 2. Protective cover; 3. Flow diversion mechanism; 4. Transmission mechanism; 5. Flow regulation mechanism; 6. Ecological reinforcement structure; 21. sleeve plate; 22. shaft sleeve; 23. flow guide cavity; 24. inner groove; 31. Rotating shaft; 32. Guide plate; 33. Reinforcement plate; 34. Elastic structure; 341. Ball joint seat; 342. Moving rod; 343. Sleeve; 344. Spring 1; 345. Rubber sleeve; 41. Gear structure; 42. Transmission structure; 411, gearbox; 412, output bevel gear; 413, spur gear; 414, one-way bearing; 421, fixed tube; 422, guide rod; 423, ball head; 424, spring 2; 425, rack; 426, track; 51. Pipe; 52. Inlet; 53. Stirring shaft; 54. Bracket; 55. Transmission blade; 56. Input bevel gear; 61. Annular plate; 62. Anchor rod; 63. Carbon fiber mesh; 64. Barb. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention are provided for purposes of illustration and description and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the disclosed forms. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The embodiments are chosen and described to better illustrate the principles of the invention and its practical application, and to enable those skilled in the art to understand the invention and design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for specific applications. Example

[0020] See also Figures 1 to 13 In this embodiment, a coastal pile foundation adaptive scour protection structure is provided.

[0021] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the protective structure includes a pile foundation 1, a protective sleeve 2, a diversion mechanism 3, a transmission mechanism 4, a flow regulating mechanism 5 and an ecological reinforcement structure 6, wherein the bottom of the pile foundation 1 is fixed on the seabed, and the outer side of the pile foundation 1 is provided with a protective sleeve 2, which has a protective effect on the pile foundation 1, so that the pile foundation 1 can prevent the direct impact of the water flow. The pile foundation 1 is an annular structure, and its inner wall is fixed on the outer side wall of the pile foundation 1, and a plurality of diversion mechanisms 3 are distributed circumferentially on the outer side. The plurality of diversion mechanisms 3 are distributed at equal intervals. In this embodiment, there are six diversion mechanisms 3, which can also be provided with eight, ten, etc. according to the actual usage scenario. The diversion mechanism 3 is initially tilted upward, and its initial angle with the horizontal plane is set to 30°, and it can adaptively adjust the angle after being impacted by the flow of seawater, and the adjustment range is increased by 30° at most, that is, the angle adjustment range of the diversion mechanism 3 is from 30° to 60° with the horizontal plane; The angle of the diversion mechanism 3 can be changed with the impact of seawater. The change in the angle of the diversion mechanism 3 can suppress the formation of horseshoe vortex flow field near the pile foundation 1. The diversion mechanism 3 is installed around the pile foundation 1 and can change the direction of water flow, so that the high-speed water flow deviates from the bottom of the pile foundation 1, reducing the intensity of the downward horseshoe vortex, thereby alleviating scour. The submerged current originally rushing towards the seabed is lifted to a horizontal flow, weakening the horseshoe vortex at its source. As the angle of the guide mechanism 3 changes, the guide plate 32 inside the guide mechanism 3 (the structure inside the guide mechanism 3 will be described in detail below) rotates in the vertical direction, and the bottom of the guide plate 32 moves closer to the pile foundation 1, thereby shortening its horizontal projection distance and increasing its vertical projection area, thereby enhancing the vortex suppression capability. Assume that the inclination angle of the guide plate 32 is represented by α. The inclination angle α is initially 30° with the horizontal plane, which slightly guides the flow to avoid wave disturbance. When the inclination angle α is increased to 60°, the core area of the horseshoe vortex is completely separated. The inclination angle α of 30° can slightly guide the water flow and delay the water flow separation point. When the inclination angle α gradually increases and reaches about 48-50°, the main water flow can be divided into two upper and lower streams, thereby cutting off the continuity of the vortex core and decomposing the single large vortex into two weak vortices, which significantly reduces the vortex intensity and reduces its scouring force. When the inclination angle α is 60°, its angle is the largest. In this state, a "fluid partition wall" is formed to completely block the front edge flow, eliminating the stagnant high-pressure area in front of the pile foundation 1, thereby preventing the vortex core from being generated and suppressing the horseshoe vortex. Therefore, when the guide mechanism 3 is impacted by a low flow rate, it can avoid excessive disturbance of the flow field and prevent the generation of new vortices. At high flow rates, it can fully suppress the horseshoe vortex and prevent scouring. When the angle of the guide mechanism 3 changes, it can also act on the transmission mechanism 4 in a linked manner. The transmission mechanism 4 is arranged in the protective cover 2, and is arranged corresponding to each guide mechanism 3. The number of the transmission mechanism 4 is consistent with that of the guide mechanism 3, so that the angle change of the guide mechanism 3 forms a secondary effect through the conversion of the transmission mechanism 4. Specifically, such as Figure 4 As shown, a plurality of flow regulating mechanisms 5 are provided at the bottom of the protective sleeve 2. The number and position of the flow regulating mechanisms 5 are consistent with the transmission mechanisms 4. Each flow guiding mechanism 3 corresponds to a transmission mechanism 4, and each transmission mechanism 4 is linked to a flow regulating mechanism 5 to form an overall linkage effect. The diversion mechanism 3 is impacted by the water flow, and its angle changes, which will squeeze the transmission mechanism 4. After the conversion of the transmission mechanism 4, the flow regulating mechanism 5 linked with the transmission mechanism 4 realizes the transmission of the water flow at the bottom of the pile foundation 1 to the top of the protective sleeve 2, so that the water flow around the lower part of the pile foundation 1 will flow upward, thereby destroying the formation of the horseshoe vortex and reducing the impact of scouring. At the same time, the flow of water will push the sediment far away from the pile foundation 1 toward the pile foundation 1. After a long time, the sediment will accumulate on the seabed at the pile foundation 1, filling the pit scoured by the vortex and increasing its stability. It should be noted that the transmission mechanism 4 can engage with the flow regulating mechanism 5 to make the water flow upward when the angle between the flow guiding mechanism 3 and the horizontal plane gradually increases. However, when the angle of the flow guiding mechanism 3 returns to the initial angle, the transmission mechanism 4 moves in the reverse direction. At this time, it will not engage with the flow regulating mechanism 5. That is, the transmission mechanism 4 has a one-way transmission effect. Its specific structure can be referred to the structural description below. like Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, an ecological reinforcement structure 6 is further provided at the bottom of the protective sleeve 2. The ecological reinforcement structure 6 is sleeved on the outside of the multiple flow regulating mechanisms 5. It is a ring-shaped structure. The ecological reinforcement structure 6 relies on its biological characteristics to further enhance the stability of the seabed, intercept water flow, reduce the bottom water flow velocity, promote the sedimentation of suspended sediment, and attract marine organisms to attach, naturally reinforce the seabed, and can cooperate with the flow regulating mechanism 5. The ecological reinforcement structure 6 first reduces the water flow velocity externally to prevent it from scouring the pile foundation 1. At the same time, some small marine organisms, such as coral larvae, can enter the ecological reinforcement structure 6 to achieve natural ecological reinforcement and stability. The internal flow regulating mechanism 5 realizes the upward flow of water, changes the vortex, and reduces the impact of the vortex. At the same time, the upward water flow around the pile foundation 1 is formed to move closer, and the sediment outside the pile foundation 1 is gradually driven to the side of the pile foundation 1 to fill the potholes formed by the vortex, thereby further reinforcing the seabed. The detailed structure is as follows: The specific structure of ecological reinforcement structure 6 is as follows Figure 5 As shown, it includes an annular plate 61, which is fixed to the bottom of the protective sleeve 2. A plurality of anchor rods 62 distributed in an annular pattern are installed at the lower end of the annular plate 61. Barbs 64 are provided at the bottom of the anchor rods 62 to ensure good stability after being inserted into the bottom of the seabed. A carbon fiber mesh 63 is provided between adjacent anchor rods 62. The mesh is woven from carbon filaments and has a pore size of 4mm-5mm. This allows small marine organisms to enter the carbon fiber mesh 63 through the mesh when they are larvae and attach to it when they grow up, forming a natural protection. To attract marine organisms, a bio-coating is formed on the surface of the carbon fiber mesh 63 by electrostatic spraying. The bio-coating can be a composite layer of nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) + sodium alginate. The bio-coating is attractive to marine organisms and increases the probability of marine organisms attaching. The structure of the protective cover 2 is as follows: Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, a sleeve plate 21 is provided on the outside of the protective sleeve 2, and a plurality of side grooves are evenly spaced at the outer edge of the sleeve plate 21. A shaft sleeve 22 is provided on the inner wall of the side groove, and the shaft sleeve 22 is rotatably connected to the flow guide mechanism 3, so that the flow guide mechanism 3 can be rotated on the outside of the protective sleeve 2, thereby creating conditions for adjusting the angle. In addition, a plurality of flow guide cavities 23 that pass through from top to bottom are provided in the protective sleeve 2, and each flow guide cavity 23 corresponds to a flow regulating mechanism 5, so that the water flow lifted from the lower part of the pile foundation 1 by the flow regulating mechanism 5 can be discharged from the flow guide cavity 23 to form a passage. Furthermore, an inner groove 24 is provided on one side of the flow guide cavity 23 in the protective sleeve 2, and a transmission mechanism 4 is installed in the inner groove 24. Similarly, the number and position of the inner groove 24, the transmission mechanism 4 and the flow guide cavity 23 correspond to each other. like Figure 6 and Figure 8As shown, the guide mechanism 3 includes a rotating shaft 31, both ends of which are located in the shaft sleeve 22 to form a stable rotating structure. A guide plate 32 is provided on the outside of the rotating shaft 31. The guide plate 32 is an arc-shaped structure, which can reduce the resistance effect when the water flow is diverted. When the guide plate 32 is impacted by the water flow, its bottom moves closer to the side of the pile foundation 1 and rotates around the rotating shaft 31. The greater the impact force, the greater the change in its angle, so that it can be adaptive, thereby achieving the effect of suppressing eddy currents. In order to strengthen the deflector 32, a reinforcement plate 33 is provided on the side of the deflector 32 close to the pile foundation 1. One end of the reinforcement plate 33 is fixed to the inner wall of the deflector 32, and the other end is fixed to the rotating shaft 31. The reinforcement plate 33 is mainly used to improve the impact resistance of the deflector 32 so that it can be used for a long time. An elastic structure 34 is provided between the reinforcement plate 33 and the protective sleeve 2. The elastic structure 34 is used to limit the range of change of the angle of the guide plate 32. The elastic structure 34 limits its position through elastic deformation, so that its initial and final angles cannot change too much, and its angle is limited to a certain range, thereby better suppressing the formation of eddy currents. like Figure 9 As shown, the elastic structure 34 includes a ball joint seat 341, which is provided with two, respectively located on the reinforcement plate 33 and the protective sleeve 2, one of the ball joint seats 341 is connected to the moving rod 342, and the other is provided with a sleeve 343, one end of the moving rod 342 is located in the sleeve 343, when the reinforcement plate 33 rotates with the guide plate 32, it drives the moving rod 342 to move and displace it toward the sleeve 343, a spring 1 344 is provided in the sleeve 343, and rubber sleeves 345 are provided at both ends of the spring 1 344, the force of the reinforcement plate 33 on the moving rod 342 first acts on the rubber sleeve 345, causing it to be compressed first, and then a larger amount of compression is caused on the spring 1 344, the effect of the elastic support is related to the magnitude of the force applied to the guide plate 32, thereby achieving self-adaptation and also limiting the rotation angle of the guide plate 32; The reason for providing the rubber sleeve 345 at the end of the spring 1 344 is that the guide plate 32 is frequently pushed and rotated by the flow of seawater, and the spring 1 344 serves as the main elastic component. The combined design of the rubber sleeve 345 and the spring 1 344 can significantly increase the life of the spring 1 344. The core principle is to utilize the damping characteristics of the rubber sleeve 345 to absorb high-frequency shock and vibration, reduce the dynamic stress of the spring 1 344, and reduce fatigue damage. At the same time, the rubber sleeve 345 is located at the end of the spring 1 344. The rubber material isolates the direct collision of the metal and further prevents wear of the end ring of the spring 1 344. In the guide mechanism 3, the reinforcing plate 33 also has a driving effect on the transmission mechanism 4 when the guide plate 32 rotates. Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, the transmission mechanism 4 includes a gear structure 41 and a conductive structure 42. The gear structure 41 is located in the inner groove 24. One end of the conductive structure 42 extends out of the inner groove 24 and is tangent to the lower side wall of the reinforcement plate 33. When the reinforcement plate 33 rotates toward the pile foundation 1, it squeezes the conductive structure 42, so that the conductive structure 42 acts on the gear structure 41 to change its speed, thereby engaging the flow regulating mechanism 5. The flow regulating mechanism 5 is activated, lifting the water flow upward and discharging it from the diversion cavity 23 to the top of the protective sleeve 2. like Figure 10 and Figure 11 、 Figure 13 As shown, the conducting structure 42 includes a fixed tube 421, a guide rod 422 and a track 426. One side of the fixed tube 421 is fixed to the side wall of the protective sleeve 2, and the guide rod 422 is located in the fixed tube 421. One end of the guide rod 422 extends out of the fixed tube 421 and is provided with a ball head 423. The ball head 423 is tangent to the lower side of the reinforcing plate 33 and slides with each other. In this way, when the reinforcing plate 33 rotates, it can push the ball head 423 to move toward one side of the fixed tube 421, thereby driving the guide rod 422 to slide in the side wall of the fixed tube 421. The other end of the guide rod 422 passes through the side wall of the inner groove 24 and is located inside it, and is provided with a rack 425. A spring 2 424 is also provided in the fixed tube 421. The spring 2 424 is sleeved on the guide rod 422, one end of which is connected to the outer wall of the guide rod 422, and the other end is connected to the side wall of the protective sleeve 2. The guide rod 422 is pushed in the fixed tube 421 toward When the inner groove 24 is displaced, the second spring 424 is compressed, and the rack 425 moves with the movement of the guide rod 422, thereby engaging the gear structure 41. In order to maintain the stability of the rack 425, a track 426 is provided at the bottom of the inner groove 24. The lower side of the rack 425 is located in the track 426 and is slidably connected thereto. With the above design, the reinforcing plate 33 can be rotated to make the guide rod 422 move toward the inner groove 24 and compress the second spring 424. At the same time, the rack 425 moves along in the track 426, thereby engaging the gear structure 41, so that it drives the flow regulating mechanism 5 to work. On the contrary, the thrust of the reinforcing plate 33 disappears, and the guide rod 422 recovers under the action of the second spring 424. At this time, the guide rod 422 slides in the opposite direction, and the rack 425 also moves in the opposite direction. However, although the rack 425 is meshed with the gear structure 41 at this time, it will not drive the gear structure 41 to start. The gear structure 41 includes a gear box 411. The top of the gear box 411 is fixed to the top wall of the inner tank 24. The input shaft extends from the lower end of the gear box 411. The end of the input shaft is mounted with a spur gear 413 via a one-way bearing 414. When the rack 425 moves toward the inside of the inner tank 24 (close to the pile foundation 1), the rack 425 can engage the spur gear 413 and rotate the input shaft. At this time, the rotation direction of the one-way bearing 414 is in a self-locking state. Conversely, when the rack 425 moves in the opposite direction, it also engages the spur gear 413. At this time, the one-way bearing 414 is in a rotating state. This will prevent the input shaft from being affected, so that the gear box 411 will not work, thereby preventing the flow regulating mechanism 5 from reversely regulating the water flow. The gearbox 411 is a gearbox, which rotates through the flat gear 413 and changes speed through the internal structure (the internal structure of the gearbox is very common in actual applications and will not be elaborated on here), so that the output shaft of the gearbox 411 close to the pile foundation 1 rotates rapidly, and the output bevel gear 412 is installed on the output shaft. The output bevel gear 412 meshes with the flow regulating mechanism 5, so that the flow regulating mechanism 5 can rotate rapidly to achieve water flow transmission and lifting; like Figure 12 As shown, the flow regulating mechanism 5 includes a pipe 51. The pipe 51 is a cylindrical structure with a hollow cylindrical cavity provided therein. An inlet 52 is provided at the bottom of the pipe 51 on the side away from the pile foundation 1. The inlet 52 is provided on the side so that the water flows in obliquely to avoid local severe scouring that may be caused by vertical inhalation. At the same time, the outlet of the pipe 51 is connected to the diversion cavity 23 to form a water flow passage. In addition, filters are provided at the inlet 52 and the outlet of the diversion cavity 23 to prevent aquatic plants, small marine organisms, and mud and sand from entering therein, thereby playing a filtering role and preventing blockage. A bracket 54 is provided at the outlet of the pipe 51, and a stirring shaft 53 is rotatably connected in the bracket 54. A transmission blade 55 is provided at the lower part of the stirring shaft 53, and an input bevel gear 56 is provided at the top thereof. The input bevel gear 56 engages with the output bevel gear 412. When the output bevel gear 412 rotates, its engagement drives the input bevel gear 56 to rotate, thereby mobilizing the stirring shaft 53 to rotate. The stirring shaft 53 rotates the transmission blade 55, forming a thrust to push the water in the pipe 51 upward and discharge it through the guide cavity 23. Water flows into the inlet 52, and multiple inlets 52 form a circumferential water flow gathering effect, which suppresses horseshoe vortex and gathers sand and gravel, thereby protecting the bottom of the pile foundation 1.

[0022] Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field and related fields without making creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Structures, devices, and operating methods not specifically described and explained in the present invention shall be implemented in accordance with conventional means in the field unless otherwise specified or limited.

Claims

1. A coastal pile foundation adaptive scour protection structure, comprising a pile foundation (1), characterized in that: The outer side of the pile foundation (1) is provided with an annular protective sleeve (2), and the outer side of the protective sleeve (2) is provided with a plurality of equally spaced flow guide mechanisms (3) along its circumference. The flow guide mechanisms (3) can adapt to the angle of the water flow impact and thus suppress eddy currents. The angle between the guide mechanism (3) and the horizontal plane can be adjusted in the range of 30-60°; A transmission mechanism (4) with a one-way transmission function is provided at a position corresponding to each flow guide mechanism (3) in the protective sleeve (2); The angle change of the flow guiding mechanism (3) drives the transmission mechanism (4), and the transmission mechanism (4) is linked to the flow regulating mechanism (5) provided at the bottom of the protective sleeve (2); The flow regulating mechanism (5) is used to lift the water flow below the pile foundation (1), thereby gathering sediment and destroying the formation of vortexes. The number and position of the flow regulating mechanism (5) correspond to the setting of the transmission mechanism (4); The invention also includes an ecological reinforcement structure (6), which is annular and has a top fixed to the bottom of the protective cover (2). The ecological reinforcement structure (6) is sleeved on the outside of the flow regulating mechanism (5) and is used to reduce the flow velocity of the water flow at the bottom and attract marine organisms to attach to achieve the effect of naturally reinforcing the seabed.

2. The coastal pile foundation adaptive scour protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ecological reinforcement structure (6) includes an annular plate (61), which is fixed to the bottom of the protective sleeve (2). A plurality of anchor rods (62) distributed in an annular shape are installed at the lower end of the annular plate (61), and barbs (64) are provided at the bottom of the anchor rods (62). A carbon fiber grid (63) is provided between adjacent anchor rods (62). The carbon fiber grid (63) is woven from carbon filaments, and its grid aperture is set at 4mm-5mm. A biological coating is formed on the surface of the carbon fiber grid (63) by electrostatic spraying, and the biological coating adopts a nano-hydroxyapatite + sodium alginate composite layer.

3. The coastal pile foundation adaptive scour protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sleeve plate (21) is provided on the outer side of the protective sleeve (2), and a plurality of side grooves are distributed at equal intervals on the outer edge of the sleeve plate (21). A shaft sleeve (22) is provided on the inner wall of the side groove, and the shaft sleeve (22) is rotatably connected to the flow guide mechanism (3). A plurality of flow guide cavities (23) that pass through from top to bottom are provided in the protective sleeve (2), and each flow guide cavity (23) corresponds to a flow regulating mechanism (5). An inner groove (24) is provided on one side of the flow guide cavity (23) in the protective sleeve (2), and a transmission mechanism (4) is installed in the inner groove (24).

4. The coastal pile foundation adaptive scour protection structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The flow guide mechanism (3) comprises a rotating shaft (31), both ends of the rotating shaft (31) are located in the shaft sleeve (22), a flow guide plate (32) is provided outside the rotating shaft (31), the flow guide plate (32) is an arc-shaped structure, a reinforcement plate (33) is provided on the side of the flow guide plate (32) close to the pile foundation (1), the other end of the reinforcement plate (33) is fixed to the rotating shaft (31), and an elastic structure (34) is provided between the reinforcement plate (33) and the protective sleeve (2).

5. The coastal pile foundation adaptive scour protection structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The elastic structure (34) includes two ball joint seats (341), which are respectively located on the reinforcement plate (33) and the protective sleeve (2). One of the ball joint seats (341) is connected to the moving rod (342), and the other is provided with a sleeve (343). One end of the moving rod (342) is located in the sleeve (343). A spring (344) is provided in the sleeve (343). Both ends of the spring (344) are provided with rubber sleeves (345). The rubber sleeve (345) can slide in the sleeve (343).

6. The coastal pile foundation adaptive scour protection structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The transmission mechanism (4) includes a gear structure (41) and a transmission structure (42), wherein the gear structure (41) is located in the inner groove (24), and one end of the transmission structure (42) extends out of the inner groove (24) and is tangent to the lower side wall of the reinforcement plate (33); The conducting structure (42) includes a fixed tube (421), a guide rod (422) and a track (426). One side of the fixed tube (421) is fixed to the side wall of the protective sleeve (2). The guide rod (422) is located in the fixed tube (421). One end of the guide rod (422) extends out of the fixed tube (421) and is provided with a ball head (423). The ball head (423) is tangent to the lower side of the reinforcing plate (33) and slides with each other. The other end of the guide rod (422) penetrates the fixed tube (421). The side wall of the inner groove (24) is located inside the inner groove and is provided with a rack (425). A second spring (424) is provided in the fixed tube (421). The second spring (424) is sleeved on the guide rod (422), one end of which is connected to the outer side wall of the guide rod (422), and the other end is connected to the side wall of the protective sleeve (2). A track (426) is provided at the bottom of the inner groove (24), and the lower side of the rack (425) is located in the track (426) and is slidably connected thereto.

7. The coastal pile foundation adaptive scour protection structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The gear structure (41) includes a gear box (411), the top of the gear box (411) is fixed to the top wall of the inner groove (24), the lower end of the gear box (411) extends out of the input shaft, and the end of the input shaft is mounted with a spur gear (413) through a one-way bearing (414); The gear box (411) is a gearbox, and an output shaft is provided on a side close to the pile foundation (1). An output bevel gear (412) is installed on the output shaft, and the output bevel gear (412) is engaged with the flow regulating mechanism (5).

8. The coastal pile foundation adaptive scour protection structure according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: When the rack (425) moves toward one side of the pile foundation (1), the one-way bearing (414) is in a self-locking state, the rack (425) meshes with the flat gear (413) and drives the gear box (411) to rotate, the input shaft thereof has power input, and the output shaft rotates through the output bevel gear (412) to mesh with the flow regulating mechanism (5) to start working; When the rack (425) moves toward the side away from the pile foundation (1), the one-way bearing (414) is in a rotating state, the rack (425) is engaged with the flat gear (413) but cannot drive the gear box (411) to rotate. Its input shaft has no power input and the output shaft does not rotate, thereby preventing the flow regulating mechanism (5) from operating in reverse.

9. The coastal pile foundation adaptive scour protection structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: The flow regulating mechanism (5) comprises a pipe (51), which is a cylindrical structure with a hollow cylindrical cavity provided therein. An inlet (52) is provided at the bottom of the pipe (51) on a side away from the pile foundation (1), and the inlet (52) is provided on the side. The outlet of the pipe (51) is in communication with the flow guiding cavity (23).

10. The coastal pile foundation adaptive scour protection structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: A bracket (54) is provided at the outlet of the pipe (51), and a stirring shaft (53) is rotatably connected to the bracket (54). A transmission blade (55) is provided at the bottom of the stirring shaft (53), and an input bevel gear (56) is provided at the top of the transmission blade (55). The input bevel gear (56) engages with the output bevel gear (412).

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