Tunnel blasting smoke exhaust intelligent control system and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering construction, and discloses an intelligent control system and method for tunnel blasting smoke exhaust, and the system comprises a spraying subsystem, a multi-sensor detection module, and a remote control terminal with a display. The spraying subsystem comprises a plurality of nozzles and a booster water pump; the remote control terminal with a display receives information of the multi-sensor detection module and controls the booster water pump; a remote control terminal with a display displays data detected by the multi-sensor detection module; the multi-sensor detection module comprises a smoke sensor, a sound sensor, a vibration sensor and an air quality detector; the device is applied to tunnels or underground cavern groups, especially environments with poor ventilation and need of continuous blasting construction, dust in air can be effectively reduced, dust generated by blasting cannot affect operation construction after being subjected to multi-channel atomization spraying, meanwhile, spraying water resources can be effectively saved, good economic benefits and social benefits are achieved, and the device is worthy of popularization and application. And popularization and use are facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering construction, and in particular to an intelligent control system and method for tunnel blasting smoke exhaust. Background Art

[0002] In tunnel construction, blasting and support construction often occur within the same construction space, or multiple interconnected caverns undergo blasting and other construction activities simultaneously. Smoke generated by blasting has always been a problem in the construction environment. Traditional treatment methods rely primarily on axial flow fans coupled with air belts for ventilation, but ventilation efficiency is extremely low. Some construction parties have also attempted to use traditional sprinkler systems, such as the existing technology described in patent CN220026467U. However, these systems have a smoke barrier rate of less than 60% and require two hours to dissipate. Manually triggered sprinklers result in a response delay of 3-5 seconds, allowing smoke to spread to adjacent caverns (data from the Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 2023). Waterlogging can also occur on the ground to a depth of 2-5 cm. Furthermore, fixed-duration sprinkler operations generate over 10 tons of wastewater daily, leading to chronic waterlogging on the construction site, seriously impacting construction progress and the environment. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to solve at least one of the problems in the above-mentioned prior art and to provide an intelligent control system and method for tunnel blasting smoke exhaust to achieve rapid smoke isolation, dynamic regulation and efficient use of water resources.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A tunnel blasting smoke exhaust intelligent control system includes a spray subsystem, a multi-sensor detection module, and a remote control terminal with a display; the spray subsystem includes a plurality of nozzles and a booster water pump that supplies water to the nozzles; the remote control terminal with a display receives information from the multi-sensor detection module and controls the booster water pump; the remote control terminal with a display displays data detected by the multi-sensor detection module; the multi-sensor detection module includes a smoke sensor, a sound sensor, a vibration sensor, and an air quality detector installed on the inner wall of the tunnel.

[0005] Furthermore, the spray subsystem includes a plurality of gate-shaped spray pipes, and a plurality of the spray heads are evenly arranged along the upper portion of the spray pipes; an external water pipe is connected between the booster water pump and the spray pipes.

[0006] Furthermore, the water inlet end of the booster water pump is connected to a coagulant medicine box.

[0007] Furthermore, a water collecting tank is provided below the spray pipe.

[0008] Furthermore, the air quality detector includes a PM2.5 concentration detector.

[0009] Furthermore, the nozzle is a super atomizing nozzle.

[0010] The present invention also provides the following technical solutions: A tunnel blasting smoke exhaust intelligent control method, using the above-mentioned tunnel blasting smoke exhaust intelligent control system, is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Explosion detection, dual sensor fusion detects explosion events; Step 2: Spraying starts, triggering the spraying to form an isolation layer; Step 3: Dynamic control, dynamically adjust parameters based on the concentration of air dust; Step 4: Automatic shutdown: the system will automatically shut down after the air quality meets the standard.

[0011] Furthermore, in step 1, the sound sensor and the vibration sensor synchronously detect signals, and the blasting event is determined by fusing the sensor signals using the DS evidence theory.

[0012] Furthermore, in step 3, the fuzzy PID algorithm constructs a "dust concentration-control parameter" mapping rule: the dust concentration is divided into three fuzzy intervals, and the nozzle angle and water pressure are adjusted accordingly.

[0013] Furthermore, a new parameter time t is set, and a general functional relationship u=kt+d is established for the dust concentration u and t, where k is a coefficient and d is a constant. The values of u and t are monitored in real time to see if they change as a function. If not, and the change value of u with t is less than expected, the nozzle angle and injection pressure are automatically increased. If the change value of u with t exceeds expectations, the original state is maintained or the angle and injection pressure are reduced.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention can accurately identify designated areas within the tunnel and automatically trigger the spray system as soon as a large amount of fine dust is generated by blasting or vehicle disturbance, rapidly reducing the dust concentration in the air. The invention integrates advanced vibration sensing technology to intelligently detect blasting vibrations and vibrations caused by passing vehicles and respond in real time. By dynamically adjusting the spray parameters, it can not only effectively isolate smoke but also minimize the waste of water resources and energy. This invention significantly improves air quality in tunnels, creating a clean and safe working environment for workers and significantly reducing the risk of occupational diseases. Furthermore, the system's super-atomization device significantly reduces water consumption while ensuring effective dust reduction, achieving efficient use of water resources. The intelligent tunnel blasting smoke exhaust control system has far-reaching practical significance for improving workers' working conditions, protecting the public's health, and promoting green construction. This invention improves isolation efficiency, with a smoke barrier rate of 95% and dissipation time shortened to 15 minutes; it saves water by 60% in actual measurements, reducing the average daily water consumption to 4 tons, avoiding water accumulation on the ground; the false alarm rate is less than 0.1%, and dual sensor verification reduces false triggering; the dust settling time is reduced from an average of 2 hours to an average of 20 to 30 minutes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a working principle diagram of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 It is a control flow chart of the present invention.

[0018] In the figure: 1. Tunnel inner wall; 2. Galvanized water pipe; 21. Super atomizing nozzle; 3. External water pipe; 31. Booster water pump; 311. Coagulant medicine box; 4. Smoke sensor; 5. Sound and vibration integrated sensor; 6. Electric wire; 7. Remote control terminal with display; 8. Air quality detector; 9. Water collection tank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention will be described in further detail below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, that is, the embodiments described are only part of the present invention, not all of the embodiments.

[0020] Specific embodiments of the intelligent control system and method for tunnel blasting smoke exhaust provided by the present invention: See also Figure 1-3 , the tunnel blasting smoke exhaust intelligent control system includes a spray subsystem, a multi-sensor detection module, an intelligent control module and a remote control terminal 7 with a display.

[0021] Spray subsystem: Multiple parallel spray pipes (galvanized water pipes 2, spacing 1.5-10m), three in this embodiment, each equipped with multiple super-atomizing nozzles 21 (working pressure 5-10MPa, atomized particles ≤50μm); the super-atomizing nozzles 21 have dynamically adjustable angles (45°-90°) to form a three-dimensional atomized isolation layer.

[0022] In this embodiment, the tunnel inner wall 1 is used as the basic installation carrier, and the galvanized water pipe 2 is arranged along the cross-sectional contour of the tunnel inner wall 1 and fixed by rivets. The super-atomizing nozzles 21 are installed at intervals on the galvanized water pipe 2. The column part and the arch part of the galvanized water pipe 2 are both equipped with super-atomizing nozzles 21 for spraying operations. The water consumption per hour is less than 1m 3The super-atomizing nozzle 21 adopts an angle-adjustable nozzle already available on the market. The angle is controlled by utilizing the reaction force of the sprayed water pressure. The galvanized water pipe 2 is connected to the external water pipe 3, and the external water pipe 3 is connected to the booster water pump 31. One end of the booster water pump 31 is connected to the coagulant medicine box 311. The coagulant medicine box 311 contains water containing coagulant, and the other end is connected to the galvanized water pipe 2 through the external water pipe 3 to achieve water pressure increase and drug delivery. The coagulant can accelerate the condensation of dust.

[0023] A smoke sensor 4, a sound and vibration integrated sensor 5, and an air quality detector 8 are also installed on the inner wall 1 of the tunnel. The sound and vibration integrated sensor 5 includes a sound sensor and a vibration sensor. Each sensor and the air quality detector 8 is connected to a remote control terminal 7 with a display via an electric wire 6 to realize data transmission and real-time monitoring.

[0024] The multi-sensor detection module includes: a sound sensor (sensitivity ≥40dB) to detect explosion sound waves; a vibration sensor (range 0-50g) to detect vibration and shock waves; 8 air quality detectors (accuracy ±5μg / m³) including PM2.5 concentration detectors, etc., to monitor CO, NO2, PM2.5, and PM10 concentrations in real time.

[0025] Intelligent Control Module: Based on a chip and integrated circuit control board, it achieves sub-second response and dynamic control. It can promptly respond to changes in data collected by the multi-sensor detection module. Using DS evidence theory to fuse sensor signals, a fuzzy PID algorithm dynamically adjusts the angle and water pressure of the super-atomizing nozzles 21. The system automatically shuts down when PM2.5 levels are ≤50μg / m³. The intelligent control module is located in the remote control terminal 7 with a display.

[0026] Remote control terminal 7 with display: It is set up in the duty room, has a 10.1-inch touch screen, and displays multiple indicators such as CO, NO2, PM2.5 in real time; it has a data storage unit, supports manual / automatic mode switching and historical data backtracking.

[0027] Workflow and control methods: Monitoring and data transmission: The smoke sensor 4 monitors the smoke concentration in the tunnel in real time, the sound and vibration integrated sensor 5 collects sound and vibration signals, and the air quality detector 8 detects air quality parameters. All monitoring data are transmitted to the remote control terminal 7 with a display via the connecting wire 6 for real-time viewing in the duty room; Automatic control start: When any two of the monitoring data from the smoke sensor 4, the sound and vibration integrated sensor 5, and the air quality detector 8 reach the set value, the automatic control program is triggered. The booster water pump 31 is activated to extract the coagulant and water from the coagulant tank 311 and transport them to the super atomizing nozzle 21 through the external water pipe 3 and the galvanized water pipe 2 to achieve drug atomization delivery; Manual / Automatic Switching Control: The system supports both manual and automatic control modes. In manual control, the booster pump 31 can be started and stopped directly via the remote control terminal 7 with a display. In automatic control, the system automatically performs the spraying operation based on the sensor monitoring data.

[0028] A water collection tank 9 is set at the bottom of the tunnel to collect wastewater after the spraying operation. The wastewater generated by the spraying operation flows into the water collection tank 9 through the tunnel slope, and is collected and treated in a centralized manner to prevent the wastewater from being discharged at will.

[0029] Through the above-mentioned structural design and control process, real-time monitoring of environmental parameters in the tunnel, automatic spraying operations and wastewater collection can be achieved, thereby improving the intelligence and efficiency of tunnel environmental treatment.

[0030] Intelligent control method for tunnel blasting smoke exhaust, applied in a double-track tunnel project (controlled by an intelligent control module): Step 1: Blasting detection: Dual sensor fusion detects blasting events. The sound sensor (50m from the blast source) and the vibration sensor synchronously detect signals, and the blasting event is determined by fusing the sensor signals using the DS evidence theory. Step 2: Spraying is started, triggering the spraying to form a three-dimensional isolation layer; the three spray pipes are opened within 0.5 seconds, and the super-atomizing nozzle 21 sprays at a pressure of 8 MPa (particles 30 μm) to form an isolation layer; Step 3: Dynamic control, dynamically adjust parameters based on the concentration of fine dust in the air; the air quality detector 8 provides real-time feedback data, and the system uses a fuzzy PID algorithm to adjust the angle of the super-atomizing nozzle 21 (initial 60° → final 80°); Step 4: Automatic shutdown: the system will automatically shut down when the air quality meets the standard, that is, the system will automatically stop spraying when PM2.5 ≤ 50 μg / m³.

[0031] In step 1, the DS evidence theory is used to construct a dual-sensor decision rule: the "evidence credibility" of the sound sensor (S1) detecting the explosion sound wave is set to 0.6, the "evidence credibility" of the vibration sensor (S2) detecting the vibration shock wave is set to 0.8, and the "evidence credibility" of the smoke sensor 4 (S3) detecting the air dust is set to 0.9. When S1 outputs a "suspected explosion signal" (sound wave frequency 50-200Hz and lasts for more than 0.3 seconds), S2 outputs a "blasting confirmation signal" (vibration amplitude exceeds 3cm / s), and S3 outputs a "smoke confirmation signal" when the smoke content PM2.5 exceeds 250μg / m³, the DS formula is used for fusion: m(blast)=m S1 (blast)×w S1 +m S2 (blast)×w S2 +m S3 ×w S3 (m is the “burst probability” after evidence fusion, and w is the credibility of sensor evidence); When m(blasting) ≥ 0.7, the sprinkler is triggered within 0.5 seconds; if a single sensor is triggered (for example, only S1 says blasting, and S2 does not respond), it is judged as a "false alarm" (such as noise interference from tunnel machinery construction), and the system is not triggered, ensuring that the false alarm rate is less than 0.1% with specific technical support.

[0032] DS evidence theory acts as a "voting referee" for sensor signals. For example, if a sound sensor says "probably an explosion" (60 points of evidence), and a vibration sensor says "definitely an explosion" (80 points of evidence), DS theory will combine these "evidence points" to calculate a comprehensive probability (for example, 90% certainty of an explosion), helping the system determine whether to trigger the sprinkler. This solves the problem of unifying decisions when multiple sensor signals conflict.

[0033] In step 3, the fuzzy PID algorithm constructs a "dust concentration-control parameter" mapping rule: the PM2.5 concentration is divided into three fuzzy intervals (low: ≤50μg / m³; medium: 50-200μg / m³; high: ≥200μg / m³), and the nozzle angle (θ) and water pressure (P) are adjusted accordingly: Low concentration: θ is maintained at 45° (basic barrier angle), P is maintained at 5MPa (basic atomization pressure), and energy-saving standby mode; Medium concentration: θ is increased from 45° to 75° in steps of 5° (the denser the dust, the steeper the angle, which expands the atomization coverage); P is increased from 5MPa to 8MPa in steps of 1MPa (the higher the pressure, the finer the atomized particles and the faster the dust settling); High concentration: directly trigger the "strong intervention mode", fix θ at 90° (vertically spraying toward the explosion source), and increase P to 10MPa to quickly suppress high-concentration smoke and dust.

[0034] At the same time, the algorithm calculates the "adjusted PM2.5 decline rate" in real time. If the decline is slow (such as a decline of less than 10% in 5 minutes), it will automatically add 10% water pressure compensation, giving the dynamic control a clear "if-then" logic.

[0035] Ordinary PID follows "hard rules" (for example, if PM2.5 exceeds 50, the water pressure will be increased). However, the dust concentration in the tunnel fluctuates, and fuzzy PID can "adapt according to the situation": for example, if the dust rises quickly, the water pressure and nozzle angle will be "adjusted vigorously"; if it rises slowly, the water pressure and nozzle angle will be "adjusted gently", allowing the spraying parameters to be "intelligently adjusted" according to the changes in dust.

[0036] The dynamic algorithm is as follows: a new parameter t (time) is set, and through multiple statistics, a general functional relationship is established between the concentration u and t, such as u=kt+d, where k is a coefficient and d is a constant. Then, in the environment, the control system will monitor the values of u and t in real time to see if the function changes. If not satisfied, such as the change in u with t is less than expected, the nozzle angle and injection pressure will be automatically increased (i.e., upgraded management). If the change in u with t exceeds expectations, the original state will be maintained or the angle and injection pressure will be appropriately reduced to reduce water and electricity losses. At the same time, it is particularly noted that the function can be set by oneself, for example, to complete all dust reduction work in 3 minutes. At the same time, different functions can also be set according to time. For example, during daytime working hours, dust reduction can be set for 3 minutes, while at night it can be set to 10 minutes.

[0037] This system accurately identifies designated areas within tunnels and automatically triggers the sprinkler system as soon as blasting or vehicle disturbances generate large amounts of fine dust, rapidly reducing airborne dust concentrations. The system achieves a measured smoke barrier efficiency of 95%, reducing dissipation time to 15 minutes. It also achieves a 60% water savings, reducing daily water consumption to 4 tons, and preventing groundwater accumulation. The system also boasts a false alarm rate of less than 0.1%, with dual sensor verification reducing false triggering. Dust suppression time has been reduced from an average of two hours to 20 to 30 minutes.

[0038] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments without inventive effort, or replace some of the technical features therein with equivalents. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent control system for tunnel blasting smoke exhaust, characterized in that: The invention comprises a spray subsystem, a multi-sensor detection module and a remote control terminal (7) with a display; the spray subsystem comprises a plurality of spray heads and a booster water pump (31) for supplying water to the spray heads; the remote control terminal (7) with a display receives information from the multi-sensor detection module and controls the booster water pump (31); the remote control terminal (7) with a display displays data detected by the multi-sensor detection module; the multi-sensor detection module comprises a smoke sensor (4), a sound sensor, a vibration sensor and an air quality detector (8) installed on the inner wall (1) of a tunnel.

2. The intelligent control system for tunnel blasting smoke exhaust according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spray subsystem comprises a plurality of gate-shaped spray pipes, and a plurality of spray heads are evenly arranged along the upper portion of the spray pipes; an external water pipe (3) is connected between the booster water pump (31) and the spray pipes.

3. The intelligent control system for tunnel blasting smoke exhaust according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The water inlet end of the booster water pump (31) is connected to a coagulant medicine box (311).

4. The intelligent control system for tunnel blasting smoke exhaust according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water collecting tank (9) is provided below the spray pipe.

5. The intelligent control system for tunnel blasting smoke exhaust according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The air quality detector (8) includes a PM2.5 concentration detector.

6. The intelligent control system for tunnel blasting smoke exhaust according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nozzle is a super atomizing nozzle (21).

7. A tunnel blasting smoke exhaust intelligent control method, using the tunnel blasting smoke exhaust intelligent control system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Explosion detection, dual sensor fusion detects explosion events; Step 2: Spraying starts, triggering the spraying to form an isolation layer; Step 3: Dynamic control, dynamically adjust parameters based on the concentration of air dust; Step 4: Automatic shutdown: the system will automatically shut down after the air quality meets the standard.

8. The intelligent control method for tunnel blasting smoke exhaust according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step 1, the sound sensor and the vibration sensor synchronously detect signals, and the blasting event is determined by fusing the sensor signals through the DS evidence theory.

9. The intelligent control method for tunnel blasting smoke exhaust according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step 3, the fuzzy PID algorithm constructs a "dust concentration-control parameter" mapping rule: the dust concentration is divided into three fuzzy intervals, and the nozzle angle and water pressure are adjusted accordingly.

10. The intelligent control method for tunnel blasting smoke exhaust according to claim 9, characterized in that: Set a new parameter time t, establish a general functional relationship u=kt+d for dust concentration u and t, where k is a coefficient and d is a constant. Monitor the values of u and t in real time to see if they change as a function. If not, and the change in u with t is less than expected, automatically increase the nozzle angle and injection pressure. If the change in u with t exceeds expectations, maintain the original state or reduce the angle and injection pressure.

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