Boiler combustion adjusting system for ship

Abstract

The invention discloses a boiler combustion adjusting system for a ship, and relates to the technical field of combustors. The device comprises a combustion chamber, and a fuel spray pipe, an air supply base and an adjusting part which are arranged in the combustion chamber. The system preheats air and fuel through the preheating fins and the fuel supply pipeline, and the combustion efficiency is improved; the air supply amount is automatically adjusted according to the temperature change by utilizing a linkage mechanism of the rotating speeds of the heated head and the centrifugal fan blades, and the combustion heat value is stabilized; an observation and maintenance window convenient to disassemble is arranged outside the combustion chamber, and maintenance is convenient; waste gas drives a system to run through a gas turbine, and energy recovery is achieved; and the multi-spray-pipe and multi-nozzle design ensures uniform fuel distribution. Compared with the prior art, the system solves the problems of low combustion efficiency, large temperature fluctuation, inconvenience in maintenance, energy waste and the like, has the advantages of high efficiency, stability and energy conservation, and meets the requirements of modern ship boilers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of burners, and in particular to a combustion regulating system for a marine boiler. Background Art

[0002] Existing marine boiler combustion systems typically utilize a simple combustion chamber structure and fixed fuel and air supply methods. Fuel is sprayed directly into the combustion chamber through a single pipe, while air is forced in by an external blower. The combustion process primarily relies on manually adjustable valves or fixed-speed fan control. This system is relatively crude in design, and the fuel and air are often mixed unevenly, resulting in low combustion efficiency. Some fuel is discharged with the exhaust gas without being completely burned, resulting in energy waste. Furthermore, traditional systems lack the ability to regulate the combustion chamber temperature in real time. Large temperature fluctuations can easily lead to overheating or insufficient combustion, affecting equipment stability and lifespan. Exhaust emissions are discharged directly through the exhaust pipe without being utilized, resulting in high energy consumption and insufficient economic efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a combustion adjustment system for a boiler for a ship, comprising a combustion chamber, an observation and maintenance window is fixedly installed at the middle and lower position of the outer surface of the combustion chamber in a manner that is easy to disassemble, preheating fins are fixedly installed in a circular equidistant array on the top of the outer surface of the combustion chamber, an outer sleeve of the preheating fins is provided, a gap is provided between the enclosing cover and the combustion chamber, and all the preheating fins are located in the gap; an air supply base is fixedly installed on the top of the inner wall of the combustion chamber, an adjustment part is fixedly installed on the bottom of the air supply base, a gas passing plate is fixedly installed at the middle and lower position of the inner wall of the combustion chamber, a plurality of through holes are provided on the gas passing plate, a plurality of fuel nozzles are arranged in an equidistant circular array inside the combustion chamber, each fuel nozzle is provided with a plurality of nozzles along its own axial direction, all the fuel nozzles are fixedly plugged into the air supply base, and one end of the fuel nozzle extends to the bottom of the air supply base.

[0004] Preferably, a fuel distribution pipe is fixedly provided on the air supply base, the fuel distribution pipe is connected to the interior of all fuel nozzles, a fuel supply pipeline is fixedly provided on the fuel distribution pipe, one section of the fuel supply pipeline is arranged at the axial position inside the combustion chamber, and an observation and maintenance window is fixedly installed at the position of the fuel supply pipeline inside the combustion chamber, and a section of the fuel supply pipeline away from the fuel distribution pipe is arranged outside the combustion chamber.

[0005] Preferably, the regulating part includes an air supply drive shell fixedly mounted on the air supply base, a centrifugal fan blade is rotatably mounted inside the air supply drive shell, an air supply channel is opened at the edge of the air supply drive shell, the air supply base is connected to the interior of the air supply drive shell through the air supply channel, a gas entry guide chamber is also fixedly mounted on the air supply drive shell, the gas entry guide chamber is connected to the axial position inside the air supply drive shell, and the gas entry guide chamber is connected to the interior of the surrounding cover.

[0006] Preferably, a gearbox support shell is fixedly installed on the gas inlet guide chamber, and an outer ring gear disk and a planetary gear support disk are rotatably installed in the gearbox support shell, wherein the outer ring gear disk and the centrifugal fan blades are fixedly matched by a rotating shaft, and a central gear is rotatably provided at the axial position of the outer ring gear disk, and the central gear and the outer ring gear disk are meshed and driven by planetary gears.

[0007] Preferably, the planetary gear is rotatably mounted on the planetary gear support plate, the gearbox is fixedly mounted on the axial position of the gearbox bracket shell, the output shaft of the gearbox is fixedly matched with the center gear, and an extrusion block sliding bracket is also fixedly mounted on the gearbox bracket shell, and an extrusion block is slidably mounted inside the extrusion block sliding bracket, and a rolling column is rotatably provided on one end of the extrusion block close to the planetary gear support plate, and the rolling column is in rolling friction cooperation with the planetary gear support plate.

[0008] Preferably, a guide slide is fixedly installed at one end of the extrusion block away from the planetary gear support disk, an extrusion spring is arranged around the guide slide, an extrusion plate is provided on the sliding sleeve of the guide slide, and both ends of the extrusion spring are fixedly connected to the extrusion plate and the extrusion block; a heat-receiving head is fixedly attached to the outer surface of the combustion chamber, a pressure-conducting channel is fixedly connected to the heat-receiving head, an extrusion piston column is slidingly sealed and inserted into the bottom end of the pressure-conducting channel, and the sliding direction of the extrusion piston column on the pressure-conducting channel is arranged parallel to the sliding direction of the extrusion block on the extrusion block sliding bracket, wherein the extrusion plate is fixedly matched with the extrusion piston column.

[0009] Preferably, the combustion chamber is fixedly mounted on a combustion chamber bracket, the combustion chamber bracket is fixedly mounted on the base, and a transmission shaft is also rotatably mounted on the combustion chamber bracket; wherein a gas turbine is rotatably mounted inside the exhaust pipe, and the gas turbine is fixedly matched with the top end of the transmission shaft.

[0010] Preferably, the bottom end of the transmission shaft is coupled to the input shaft of the gearbox via a transmission belt.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The present invention preheats the air and fuel entering the combustion chamber through the ingenious design of the preheating fins and the fuel supply pipe. The preheated air and fuel are mixed more fully, and the combustion reaction is more intense and complete, thereby improving the fuel utilization rate and reducing the emission of unburned substances. This design not only improves the combustion efficiency, but also reduces energy waste, providing more efficient power support for ship operation; (2) The present invention uses the linkage mechanism of the heat receiving head, the pressure guide channel and the extrusion piston column to automatically adjust the speed of the centrifugal fan blade according to the temperature change of the combustion chamber. When the temperature rises, the air supply decreases and the combustion calorific value decreases; when the temperature drops, the air supply increases and the calorific value increases. This adaptive adjustment method effectively avoids excessive temperature fluctuations, ensures the stability of the combustion chamber operation, and extends the service life of the equipment; (3) The observation and maintenance window set on the outer surface of the combustion chamber of the present invention is fixed in a convenient disassembly manner, which not only makes it convenient for staff to observe the situation in the combustion chamber in real time, but also allows for quick disassembly for maintenance or replacement of parts when necessary; (4) Through the arrangement of the turbine in the exhaust pipe, the system of the present invention converts the kinetic energy of the exhaust gas generated by fuel combustion into mechanical energy, drives the transmission shaft and gearbox to operate, and finally drives the centrifugal fan blades to rotate, achieving self-sustaining operation. This recycling of exhaust gas energy reduces dependence on external power, reduces energy consumption, and enhances the independence and economy of the system; (5) The connection design of the fuel distribution pipe and multiple fuel nozzles of the present invention ensures that the fuel is evenly distributed to each injection point in the combustion chamber. The multiple nozzles arranged along the axial direction on each fuel nozzle further optimize the distribution of fuel injection, so that the fuel and air mixing ratio in each area of the combustion chamber is balanced, the combustion process is more consistent, and local overheating or incomplete combustion is avoided. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0013] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the transmission belt of the present invention.

[0014] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle.

[0015] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the air supply drive housing of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure at point B in the middle.

[0017] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the preheating fins of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the combustion chamber of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the air supply channel structure of the present invention.

[0020] In the figure: 101 - combustion chamber; 102 - exhaust pipe; 103 - fuel nozzle; 104 - gas passage plate; 105 - fuel distribution pipe; 106 - air supply base; 107 - air supply drive housing; 108 - air supply channel; 109 - centrifugal fan blades; 110 - central gear; 111 - fuel supply pipeline; 112 - observation and maintenance window; 113 - preheating fins; 114 - surrounding cover; 115 - gas inlet guide chamber; 116 - outer ring gear disk; 117-planetary gear; 118-planetary gear support plate; 119-gearbox; 120-gearbox bracket housing; 121-rolling column; 122-extrusion block; 123-guide slide rod; 124-extrusion spring; 125-extrusion plate; 126-extrusion piston column; 127-extrusion block sliding bracket; 128-pressure guide channel; 129-transmission belt; 130-transmission shaft; 131-turbine; 132-heating head; 133-combustion chamber bracket; 134-base. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following is combined with Figures 1-8 , and further illustrate the technical solution of the present invention through specific implementation methods.

[0022] The present invention provides a combustion adjustment system for a marine boiler, comprising a combustion chamber 101, wherein an observation and maintenance window 112 is fixedly installed at the middle and lower position of the outer surface of the combustion chamber 101 in a manner that is easy to disassemble, and preheating fins 113 are fixedly installed in a circular equidistant array on the top of the outer surface of the combustion chamber 101, and a surrounding cover 114 is provided on the outer surface of the preheating fins 113, and a gap is provided between the surrounding cover 114 and the combustion chamber 101, and all the preheating fins 113 are located in the gap; an air supply bottom is fixedly installed on the top of the inner wall of the combustion chamber 101 The bottom of the air supply base 106 is fixedly installed with an adjustment part, and a gas passing plate 104 is fixedly installed at the middle and lower position of the inner wall of the combustion chamber 101. The gas passing plate 104 is provided with a plurality of through holes. A plurality of fuel nozzles 103 are arranged in an equidistant circular array inside the combustion chamber 101. Each fuel nozzle 103 is provided with a plurality of nozzles along its own axial direction. All the fuel nozzles 103 are fixedly plugged into the air supply base 106, and one end of the fuel nozzle 103 extends to the bottom of the air supply base 106. A fuel distribution pipe 105 is fixedly mounted on the air supply base 106. The fuel distribution pipe 105 is connected to the interior of all the fuel nozzles 103. A fuel supply pipe 111 is fixedly mounted on the fuel distribution pipe 105. One section of the fuel supply pipe 111 is arranged at the axial position inside the combustion chamber 101, and an observation and maintenance window 112 is fixedly installed at the position of the fuel supply pipe 111 inside the combustion chamber 101. A section of the fuel supply pipe 111 away from the fuel distribution pipe 105 is arranged outside the combustion chamber 101.

[0023] The regulating part includes an air supply drive shell 107 fixedly mounted on the air supply base 106, a centrifugal fan blade 109 is rotatably mounted inside the air supply drive shell 107, an air supply channel 108 is opened at the edge of the air supply drive shell 107, and the air supply base 106 is connected to the interior of the air supply drive shell 107 through the air supply channel 108. A gas inlet guide chamber 115 is also fixedly mounted on the air supply drive shell 107, and the gas inlet guide chamber 115 is connected to the axial position inside the air supply drive shell 107, and the gas inlet guide chamber 115 is connected to the interior of the surrounding cover 114. A transmission housing 120 is fixedly mounted on the gas inlet guide chamber 115. An outer ring gear disc 116 and a planetary gear support disc 118 are rotatably mounted within this housing. The outer ring gear disc 116 is fixedly engaged with the centrifugal impeller 109 via a rotating shaft. A central gear 110 is rotatably mounted on the axis of the outer ring gear disc 116. The central gear 110 and the outer ring gear disc 116 are meshed with planetary gears 117. Planetary gears 117 are rotatably mounted on the planetary gear support disc 118. A transmission 119 is fixedly mounted overhead on the axis of the transmission housing 120. The output shaft of the transmission 119 is fixedly engaged with the central gear 110. Also fixedly mounted on this housing is an extrusion block sliding bracket 127. An extrusion block 122 is slidably mounted within this bracket. A rolling post 121 is rotatably mounted on the end of the extrusion block 122 near the planetary gear support disc 118, engaging in rolling friction with the planetary gear support disc 118. A guide slide 123 is fixedly installed on the end of the extrusion block 122 away from the planetary gear support disk 118, and an extrusion spring 124 is arranged around the guide slide 123. An extrusion plate 125 is slidably sleeved on the guide slide 123, and both ends of the extrusion spring 124 are fixedly connected to the extrusion plate 125 and the extrusion block 122; a heat-receiving head 132 is fixedly attached to the outer surface of the combustion chamber 101, and a pressure-conducting channel 128 is fixedly connected to the heat-receiving head 132, and an extrusion piston column 126 is slidingly sealed and inserted at the bottom end of the pressure-conducting channel 128. The sliding direction of the extrusion piston column 126 on the pressure-conducting channel 128 is arranged parallel to the sliding direction of the extrusion block 122 on the extrusion block sliding bracket 127, wherein the extrusion plate 125 is fixedly matched with the extrusion piston column 126. The combustion chamber 101 is fixedly mounted on a combustion chamber bracket 133, which is in turn fixedly mounted on a base 134. A transmission shaft 130 is also rotatably mounted on the combustion chamber bracket 133. A gas turbine 131 is rotatably mounted within the exhaust pipe 102 and is fixedly engaged with the top end of the transmission shaft 130. The bottom end of the transmission shaft 130 is engaged with the input shaft of the gearbox 119 via a transmission belt 129.

[0024] The working principle of a ship boiler combustion regulation system disclosed in the present invention is as follows: pressurized fuel is connected to the fuel supply pipe 111, and a regulating valve is connected in series, and fuel is supplied to the inside of the fuel distribution pipe 105 through the fuel supply pipe 111. The fuel distribution pipe 105 distributes the fuel to the inside of each fuel nozzle 103, and then injects the fuel into the inside of the combustion chamber 101, and then ignites the fuel through the ignition device (an ignition device is provided inside the combustion chamber 101). The combustion of fuel requires the participation of oxygen, so air needs to be supplied to the inside of the combustion chamber 101. At this time, external power is required to drive the centrifugal blades 109 to rotate (such as using a motor to drive the centrifugal blades 109 to rotate, specifically driving any parts on the transmission path of the centrifugal blades 109 to rotate). The rotation of the centrifugal fan blades 109 will draw air into the air supply drive housing 107, and then drive the air to rotate. The air receives centrifugal force and flows toward the inner wall edge of the air supply drive housing 107, and then enters the air supply base 106 through the air supply channel 108, that is, the bottom of the gas passing through the plate 104. The air mixes with the fuel through the gas passing plate 104, and the exhaust gas generated after the fuel is burned is discharged through the exhaust pipe 102. The exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust pipe 102 will drive the turbine 131 to rotate. The rotation of the turbine 131 will drive the transmission shaft 130 to rotate. The transmission shaft 130 drives the input shaft of the gearbox 119 to rotate via the transmission belt 129. The output shaft of the gearbox 119 then drives the sun gear 110 to rotate. The rotation of the sun gear 110 drives the planetary gears 117 to rotate (simultaneously, the planetary gear support plate 118 is restricted in rotation on the gearbox support housing 120). The rotation of the planetary gears 117 drives the outer ring gear plate 116 to rotate. The rotation of the outer ring gear plate 116 drives the centrifugal blades 109 to rotate (when self-sustaining, the external power driving the centrifugal blades 109 can be cut off, and external power intervention must be prepared at any time). The combustion of fuel in the combustion chamber 101 causes the temperature of the combustion chamber 101 to rise, thereby heating the preheating fins 113. The air inhaled by the centrifugal blades 109 is external air that passes through the preheating fins 113 and enters the enclosing cover 114, and then flows into the gas inlet guide chamber 115. Therefore, this part of the air is preheated. At the same time, the fuel supply inside the fuel supply pipe 111 also passes through the combustion chamber 101. The fuel combustion inside the combustion chamber 101 will heat the observation and maintenance window 112. The observation and maintenance window 112 will transfer the temperature to the fuel supply pipe 111, and then preheat the fuel flowing inside the fuel supply pipe 111 to improve combustion efficiency.At the same time, the temperature of the combustion chamber 101 is also transmitted to the heat receiving head 132, causing the liquid inside the heat receiving head 132 and the pressure channel 128 to expand (liquid is provided inside the pressure channel 128 and the heat receiving head 132). The expanded liquid squeezes the squeezing piston column 126, causing the squeezing piston column 126 to be displaced. The squeezing piston column 126 drives the squeezing plate 125 to move. The movement of the squeezing plate 125 will cause the squeezing spring 124 to be compressed or relaxed (when the temperature rises, the squeezing piston column 126 moves outward from the pressure channel 128. At this time, the squeezing plate 125 will relax the squeezing spring 124, and vice versa). The squeezing spring 124 is adjusted to press the squeezing block 122. The force received by the squeezing block 122 is transmitted through the rolling column 1 21 is applied to the planetary gear support plate 118, thereby changing the degree of restriction on the rotation of the planetary gear support plate 118. The greater the rotational resistance received by the planetary gear support plate 118, the slower the orbital speed of the planetary gear 117, resulting in a higher transmission ratio between the central gear 110 and the outer ring gear plate 116, and vice versa. In other words, when the temperature inside the combustion chamber 101 increases, the speed of the centrifugal blades 109 decreases, thereby reducing the supply of air to the combustion chamber 101 and further reducing the combustion calorific value inside the combustion chamber 101. When the temperature inside the combustion chamber 101 decreases, the speed of the centrifugal blades 109 increases, thereby increasing the supply of air to the combustion chamber 101 and further increasing the combustion calorific value inside the combustion chamber 101. This ensures the stability of the combustion calorific value of the fuel inside the combustion chamber 101.

Claims

1. A marine boiler combustion adjustment system, characterized in that: The combustion chamber (101) comprises a combustion chamber (101), an observation and maintenance window (112) is fixedly installed at the middle and lower position of the outer surface of the combustion chamber (101) in a manner that is easy to disassemble, preheating fins (113) are fixedly installed in a circular equidistant array on the top of the outer surface of the combustion chamber (101), an outer sleeve of the preheating fins (113) is provided with a surrounding cover (114), a gap is provided between the surrounding cover (114) and the combustion chamber (101), and all the preheating fins (113) are located in the gap; An air supply base (106) is fixedly installed on the top of the inner wall of the combustion chamber (101), an adjustment portion is fixedly installed on the bottom of the air supply base (106), a gas passing plate (104) is fixedly installed at the middle and lower part of the inner wall of the combustion chamber (101), and a plurality of through holes are opened on the gas passing plate (104). A plurality of fuel nozzles (103) are arranged in an equidistant circular array inside the combustion chamber (101), and each fuel nozzle (103) is provided with a plurality of nozzles along its own axial direction. All the fuel nozzles (103) are fixedly plugged into the air supply base (106), and one end of the fuel nozzle (103) extends to the bottom of the air supply base (106).

2. A marine boiler combustion adjustment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fuel distribution pipe (105) is fixedly sleeved on the air supply base (106), and the fuel distribution pipe (105) is connected to the interior of all the fuel nozzles (103). A fuel supply pipe (111) is fixedly connected to the fuel distribution pipe (105), and one section of the fuel supply pipe (111) is arranged at the axial center position inside the combustion chamber (101). An observation and maintenance window (112) is fixedly installed at the position of the fuel supply pipe (111) inside the combustion chamber (101), and a section of the fuel supply pipe (111) away from the fuel distribution pipe (105) is arranged outside the combustion chamber (101).

3. A marine boiler combustion adjustment system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The regulating portion includes an air supply drive housing (107) fixedly mounted on an air supply base (106), a centrifugal fan blade (109) rotatably mounted inside the air supply drive housing (107), an air supply channel (108) being provided at an edge of the air supply drive housing (107), the air supply base (106) being connected to the interior of the air supply drive housing (107) through the air supply channel (108), a gas inlet guide chamber (115) being fixedly mounted on the air supply drive housing (107), the gas inlet guide chamber (115) being connected to the axial center position inside the air supply drive housing (107), and the gas inlet guide chamber (115) being connected to the interior of the surrounding cover (114).

4. A marine boiler combustion adjustment system according to claim 3, characterized in that: A gearbox support housing (120) is fixedly mounted on the gas inlet guide chamber (115), and an outer ring gear disc (116) and a planetary gear support disc (118) are rotatably mounted in the gearbox support housing (120), wherein the outer ring gear disc (116) and the centrifugal blade (109) are fixedly matched via a rotating shaft, and a central gear (110) is rotatably mounted on the axis of the outer ring gear disc (116), and the central gear (110) and the outer ring gear disc (116) are meshed and driven via planetary gears (117).

5. A marine boiler combustion adjustment system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The planetary gear (117) is rotatably mounted on the planetary gear support disk (118), and a gearbox (119) is fixedly mounted on the axis center position of the gearbox support shell (120). The output shaft of the gearbox (119) is fixedly matched with the central gear (110). The gearbox support shell (120) is also fixedly mounted with an extrusion block sliding bracket (127), and an extrusion block (122) is slidably mounted inside the extrusion block sliding bracket (127). A rolling column (121) is rotatably arranged at one end of the extrusion block (122) close to the planetary gear support disk (118), and the rolling column (121) and the planetary gear support disk (118) are rolling and frictionally matched.

6. A marine boiler combustion adjustment system according to claim 5, characterized in that: A guide slide (123) is fixedly mounted on one end of the extrusion block (122) away from the planetary gear support disk (118), an extrusion spring (124) is arranged around the guide slide (123), an extrusion plate (125) is provided on the sliding sleeve of the guide slide (123), and both ends of the extrusion spring (124) are fixedly connected to the extrusion plate (125) and the extrusion block (122); a heat receiving head (132) is fixedly attached to the outer surface of the combustion chamber (101), a pressure guide channel (128) is fixedly connected to the heat receiving head (132), an extrusion piston column (126) is inserted into the bottom end of the pressure guide channel (128) in a sliding seal, and a sliding direction of the extrusion piston column (126) on the pressure guide channel (128) is arranged in parallel with a sliding direction of the extrusion block (122) on the extrusion block sliding bracket (127), wherein the extrusion plate (125) is fixedly matched with the extrusion piston column (126).

7. A marine boiler combustion adjustment system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The combustion chamber (101) is fixedly mounted on a combustion chamber bracket (133), which is fixedly mounted on a base (134). A transmission shaft (130) is also rotatably mounted on the combustion chamber bracket (133). A gas turbine (131) is rotatably mounted inside the exhaust pipe (102), and the gas turbine (131) is fixedly engaged with the top end of the transmission shaft (130).

8. A marine boiler combustion adjustment system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The bottom end of the transmission shaft (130) is coupled to the input shaft of the gearbox (119) via a transmission belt (129).

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