Shell-and-tube high-efficiency heat exchanger and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of heat exchange, in particular to a high-efficiency shell-and-tube heat exchanger and a preparation method thereof. The high-efficiency shell-and-tube heat exchanger comprises a shell, a head assembly, a tube bundle assembly, a first flow control assembly, a second flow control assembly, a first fixing assembly and a second fixing assembly. The tube bundle assembly, the first flow control assembly and the second flow control assembly are arranged along the depth direction of the shell, the tube bundle assembly penetrates through the first and second flow control assemblies and is in sliding connection with the first and second flow control assemblies, and a pitch adjusting assembly in the shell can adjust the distance between the first and second flow control assemblies. The liquid inlet part and the liquid outlet part are diagonally distributed, the first and second flow control assemblies are combined to guide the fluid flow, and a pressure stabilizing part and a heat conduction assembly are arranged. The tube bundle assembly adopts a multi-stage variable-diameter design, and the second fixing assembly comprises a flow collecting piece and a fixing piece. The above scheme avoids the mixing of the tube-side medium and the shell-side medium, reduces the thermal expansion coefficient of the connection part and stress concentration, solves the problem of uneven heat transfer efficiency caused by uneven distribution of the shell-side fluid, and improves the temperature uniformity of the heat exchanger and the heat exchange efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of heat exchange technology, and in particular to a shell-and-tube high-efficiency heat exchanger and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of industrial heat exchange, shell-and-tube heat exchangers are widely used due to their compact structure and strong applicability, but their core structure still faces significant challenges in terms of heat transfer efficiency, fluid adaptability and reliability.

[0003] Traditional shell-and-tube heat exchangers primarily rely on a fixed structure for heat transfer. For example, CN220853264U uses high-flux tubes in conjunction with internal baffles, CN204963614U employs spiral heat transfer tubes to enhance turbulence, and CN200955917Y utilizes a U-shaped tube and double tube sheet design to accommodate thermal expansion. While these solutions improve performance to some extent, structural limitations make them ill-suited for complex operating conditions. Issues such as differences in flow resistance between fluids of varying viscosities, wear and tear on the tubes from corrosive media, and thermal stress concentration under multiple operating conditions restrict the efficiency and lifespan of the heat exchanger.

[0004] Existing technologies address these issues by optimizing the heat transfer structure. For example, CN220853264U adds coils inside the tube box, supplementing heat through dual heat exchange between shell-side steam and the tube box coils, and uses sintered porous high-flux tubes to expand the heat transfer area. CN204963614U uses a single spiral heat transfer tube penetrating the shell, utilizing baffles to force the fluid to pass through the spiral tube multiple times, enhancing heat transfer by extending the flow channel. CN200955917Y groups the heat exchange tubes into independent U-shaped bundles, uniformly distributing the refrigerant through liquid separation, and allowing the entire bundle to be disassembled for easy cleaning.

[0005] The resistance problem of fluid flow can be improved by optimizing the structure that guides the direction of fluid flow: fixed baffles (such as the staggered baffles of CN220853264U) are used to guide the direction of the shell-side fluid, and the degree of turbulence is increased by changing the flow velocity path.

[0006] However, existing technologies still have some shortcomings. The fixed baffle spacing cannot match the changes in fluid viscosity. High-viscosity fluids are prone to forming stagnation zones between the baffles, while low-viscosity fluids suffer from insufficient heat transfer time due to excessively high flow rates. The single spiral heat transfer tube of CN204963614U has limited improvement on the uniformity of shell-side fluid distribution. The flow velocity difference between the center and the edge of the shell is significant, which can easily lead to insufficient local heat transfer. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this application is to overcome the above-mentioned technical problems and provide a shell-and-tube high-efficiency heat exchanger and its preparation method.

[0008] A shell-and-tube high-efficiency heat exchanger includes a shell, a head assembly, a tube bundle assembly, a first flow control assembly, a second flow control assembly, a first fixing assembly, and a second fixing assembly. The tube bundle assembly, the first flow control assembly, and the second flow control assembly are respectively arranged along the depth direction of the shell, and the body of the tube bundle assembly passes through the first flow control assembly and the second flow control assembly respectively. The first flow control assembly and the second flow control assembly are slidably connected to the tube bundle assembly. An adjustment spacing assembly is provided inside the shell. One end of the adjustment spacing assembly is rotatably connected to the first fixing assembly, and the other end is arranged along the depth direction of the shell and passes through the first flow control assembly and the second flow control assembly respectively. The adjustment spacing assembly is used to adjust the distance between the first flow control assembly and the second flow control assembly. The shell has a first port and a second port. The first fixing assembly is fixedly installed at the first port of the shell. The end of the tube bundle assembly away from the first flow control assembly passes through the first fixing assembly. The head assembly is fixedly installed at the second port of the shell. The second fixing assembly is installed on the end of the tube bundle assembly and close to the first fixing assembly. The first fixing assembly and the second fixing assembly are used to limit the mixing of the tube side and the shell side media.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, and using a dual-fixed structure with first and second fixing components to fix the tube bundle assembly, the mixing of the tube-side and shell-side media can be avoided, the coefficient of thermal expansion at the connection between the first and second fixing components and the tube bundle assembly can be reduced, stress concentration can be reduced, leakage can be prevented, and the reliability and safety of the heat exchanger can be improved. At the same time, the distance between the first and second flow control components can be adjusted by the pitch adjustment component to better adapt to different operating conditions.

[0010] Preferably, the housing has a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, which are diagonally distributed on the housing. The liquid inlet is located on the housing surface near the second port, and the liquid outlet is located on the housing surface near the first port. The first flow control component has a first flow guide, which is located on the body of the first flow control component near the liquid outlet. The second flow control component has a second flow guide, which is located on the body of the second flow control component near the liquid inlet. The first flow control component and the second flow control component are combined to form a structure that guides the flow direction of the fluid. There are at least four such combinations, and they are arranged sequentially along the depth direction of the housing.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the liquid inlet and outlet sections are diagonally distributed. Combined with the first flow guide section of the first flow control assembly and the second flow guide section of the second flow control assembly, as well as multiple sets of structures arranged along the depth of the shell to guide the fluid flow direction, the flow direction of the shell-side fluid can be effectively guided, improving the fluid flow path and thus increasing the turbulence level of the fluid, thereby enhancing the heat transfer efficiency of the heat exchanger. Simultaneously, the double-fixed structure of the fixed tube bundle assembly avoids mixing of the tube-side and shell-side media, reducing stress concentration and providing a fundamental guarantee for the stable operation of the heat exchanger.

[0012] Preferably, the second flow control assembly has a pressure stabilizing section located on the side near the liquid inlet section. The pressure stabilizing section is used to balance the fluid pressure between the first flow control group and the second flow control assembly.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the pressure stabilizing section balances the fluid pressure between the first flow control component and the second flow control component. Combined with other components of the shell-and-tube high-efficiency heat exchanger, it avoids the mixing of the tube-side and shell-side media, reduces stress concentration, guides the fluid flow direction, enhances heat transfer efficiency, makes the shell-side fluid distribution more uniform, and achieves thermal compensation, ultimately improving the reliability, heat transfer stability and heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger.

[0014] Preferably, a heat conduction component is provided between the first flow control component and the second flow control component, and the tube bundle component passes through the heat conduction component. The heat conduction component is fixedly connected to the tube bundle component, and the heat conduction component is used to enhance the heat transfer efficiency between the shell-side fluid and the tube bundle component.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the tube bundle assembly is fixed by a dual-fixed structure of the first and second fixing components, which avoids the mixing of the tube-side and shell-side media, reduces the thermal expansion coefficient at the connection between the first and second fixing components and the tube bundle assembly, and reduces stress concentration; the first and second flow control components are combined to form a structure that guides the direction of fluid flow; the heat conduction component is set between the first and second flow control components and is fixedly connected to the tube bundle assembly, which enhances the heat transfer efficiency between the shell-side fluid and the tube bundle assembly.

[0016] Preferably, the tube bundle assembly includes a first tube, a second tube, a third tube, and a transition tube. One end of the transition tube is fixedly connected to a first fixing component, and the other end passes through a second fixing component and is slidably connected to the second fixing component. The first, second, and third tubes each have a first through portion and a second through portion. The first and second through portions of the first, second, and third tubes are respectively fixedly connected to a set of transition tubes. The ends of the first, second, and third tubes away from the transition tubes are arranged along the depth direction of the shell. The shell has three regions: a central region, a middle region, and an edge region. The first tube is distributed in the central region of the shell, the second tube is distributed in the middle region of the shell, and the third tube is distributed in the edge region of the shell. The diameters of the first, second, and third tubes increase sequentially.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution and using a multi-stage variable diameter tube bundle, the diameters of the first, second, and third tubes are increased sequentially, matching the radial velocity gradient in the shell side. This solves the problem of uneven heat transfer efficiency caused by uneven fluid distribution in the shell side, and improves the temperature uniformity and heat transfer efficiency of the heat exchanger. The transition tube is slidably connected to the second fixed assembly, allowing the second fixed assembly to float freely along the axial direction when the first, second, and third tubes undergo thermal expansion, reducing the occurrence of leakage problems caused by stress concentration.

[0018] Preferably, the second fixing component includes a manifold and a fixing component, the fixing component is fixedly installed on the manifold, the transition pipe passes through the fixing component and is slidably connected to the fixing component; the manifold has a cold liquid section and a hot liquid section, the first through-holes of the first pipe, the second pipe and the third pipe are respectively connected to the cold liquid section, and the second through-holes of the first pipe, the second pipe and the third pipe are respectively connected to the hot liquid section; the first pipe, the second pipe and the third pipe each have a U-shaped section, and the U-shaped sections of the first pipe, the second pipe and the third pipe are arranged close to the liquid inlet section.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the inlet channels of the first, second, and third pipe fittings are combined into the cold liquid section, and the outlet channels are combined into the hot liquid section, which facilitates the diversion and collection of coolant, realizing the orderly flow of coolant in each pipe fitting and heat exchange with the shell-side medium; the U-shaped section is set close to the inlet section, which can alleviate thermal deformation; the multi-stage variable diameter first, second, and third pipe fittings match the radial velocity gradient of the shell side, solving the problem of uneven heat transfer efficiency caused by uneven distribution of shell-side fluid, and improving the temperature uniformity and heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger; the double fixed structure avoids the mixing of tube-side and shell-side media, reducing stress concentration. The transition fittings provide connecting channels, allowing the coolant to flow and exchange heat between the first, second, and third fittings and the cold and hot liquid sections. The transition fittings also enable the sliding connection between the second fixed component and the fittings, allowing the second fixed component to float freely axially when the fittings expand thermally, reducing leakage problems caused by stress concentration, solving the problem of uneven heat transfer efficiency caused by uneven distribution of shell-side fluid, and improving the temperature uniformity and heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger.

[0020] Preferably, a first sealing element is sleeved on one end of the transition pipe that is slidably connected to the fixing element. One end of the first sealing element is rotatably connected to the transition pipe, and the other end is rotatably connected to the fixing element. The first sealing element is elastic and is used to seal the sliding connection gap between the transition pipe and the fixing element.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, a dual-fixed structure of first and second fixed components is used to fix the tube bundle assembly, avoiding the mixing of tube-side and shell-side media, reducing the thermal expansion coefficient at the connection, and reducing stress concentration. By matching the radial flow velocity gradient of the shell side with multi-stage variable diameter tube bundles, the problem of uneven heat transfer efficiency caused by uneven shell-side fluid distribution is solved, improving the temperature uniformity and heat transfer efficiency of the heat exchanger. It also allows the second fixed component to float freely along the axial direction, reducing leakage problems caused by stress concentration. The cold liquid section and hot liquid section respectively integrate inlet and outlet channels, and the U-shaped section alleviates thermal deformation. The elastic first seal seals the gap between the first, second, and third tube components and the fixed components to prevent media leakage and ensure the normal operation and reliability of the heat exchanger.

[0022] Preferably, the surface of the current collector is provided with a support portion, one end of which is fixedly connected to the current collector and the other end is fixedly connected to the body of the housing; the support portion is elastic; a corrugated portion is sleeved on the support portion, and the corrugated portion has a telescopic function.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the second fixed component is made to float using the elastic support part, and combined with the flexible connection of the first sealing element, an adaptive thermal compensation system is constructed, which solves the problem of thermal stress concentration in the double tube sheet structure. In addition, the corrugated part can isolate external corrosive substances, ensure the normal operation of the support part, and extend its service life.

[0024] Preferably, the adjusting component includes a first elastic member, a second elastic member, a positioning pull member, and an adjusting member. One end of the positioning pull member passes through the first fixing component and the second fixing component in sequence and is slidably connected to the first fixing component and the second fixing component respectively. The other end passes through the first flow control component and the second flow control component. The first elastic member is sleeved on the positioning pull rod. One end of the first elastic member is fixedly connected to the end of the positioning pull rod, and the other end abuts against the surface of the second fixing component. One end of the adjusting member passes through the second fixing component and the positioning pull rod in sequence, and the other end is located outside the second fixing component. The adjusting member is plugged into and pulled out of the positioning pull rod and the second fixing component respectively. The second elastic member... The second elastic element is sleeved onto the positioning pull member, and the number of the second elastic elements is the sum of the number of the first flow control component and the second flow control component. The positioning pull member has a limiting part, and the number of the limiting parts is the same as the number of the second elastic elements. The multiple limiting parts are installed at intervals on the body of the positioning pull member. One end of the second elastic element abuts against the heat conduction component, and the other end abuts against the first flow control component. The end of the first flow control component away from the second elastic element abuts against the limiting part. And / or, one end of the second elastic element abuts against the heat conduction component, and the other end abuts against the second flow control component. The end of the second flow control component away from the second elastic element abuts against the limiting part.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, the distance between the first and second flow control components can be quickly adjusted through the insertion and removal of the adjusting component, adapting to the flow characteristics of fluids with different viscosities, and the adjustment range can reach millimeter-level accuracy. The first elastic component provides axial reset force, and multiple sets of second elastic components independently control the displacement of each flow control component, forming a graded force application system to avoid overshoot. The insertion design of the adjusting component and the positioning rod allows for mechanical locking at any adjustment position, ensuring the stability of the system under vibration or pressure fluctuations. When the adjusting component is pulled out, the first elastic component releases its stored energy, pulling the positioning rod axially back, compressing the second elastic component through the limiting part, forcing the distance between the flow control components to decrease; when the positioning rod is pressed, the first elastic component stores energy, and the second elastic component extends, pushing the distance between the components to increase. The positioning rod acts as a rigid transmission shaft, converting the radial deformation of the elastic component into the linear displacement of the flow control component, and the limiting part acts as a fulcrum to achieve multi-stage lever arm amplification. The change in the spacing of the flow control components synchronously alters the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow channel. Combined with the pre-tightening force compensation of the elastic components, this maintains the sealing surface fit and prevents high-pressure fluid leakage.

[0026] Secondly, this application provides a method for preparing a shell-and-tube high-efficiency heat exchanger, using the following scheme:

[0027] A method for manufacturing a shell-and-tube high-efficiency heat exchanger includes:

[0028] S1: Determine the optimal pipe diameter ratio;

[0029] S2: The first and second baffle plates are processed by CNC stamping and laser cutting; the heat exchange fins are made by powder metallurgy sintering aluminum alloy and copper-based alloy.

[0030] S3: For the first, second, and third copper tubes, the expansion pressure gradient is controlled between 5 and 15 MPa to ensure that the interference fit of the heat exchange fins is between 0.15 and 0.2 mm.

[0031] S4: Three-dimensional CNC pipe bending technology is used to process the U-shaped section, with a bending radius of 2.5 times the pipe diameter and a symmetry error of less than 0.3 mm.

[0032] S5: Design a variable pitch spring to obtain a spring in which the elastic modulus fluctuation of the first and second elastic elements is less than 8% within an adjustment range of 50 to 100 mm.

[0033] S6: The positioning tie rod is CNC drilled to create multiple locking holes for the adjustment parts to pass through;

[0034] S7: Robotic laser cutting of 45-degree bevels with a blunt edge of 0.5 to 1.0 mm, and machine vision inspection angle error of less than 0.5 degrees;

[0035] S8: Welding current 220 to 280A, argon gas protection on the back side, and 95% uniformity of penetration depth;

[0036] S9: Local induction heating to 600 degrees Celsius and holding for 30 minutes, cooling rate less than or equal to 50 degrees Celsius per hour, stress relief of 85%;

[0037] S10: Assemble in sequence.

[0038] By employing the above-mentioned scheme, this manufacturing method ensures the precision of components such as baffles and heat exchange fins through precision machining technologies such as CNC stamping and laser cutting; stepped expansion joints and three-dimensional bending technology guarantee heat exchange efficiency and structural symmetry; variable pitch spring design achieves elastic stability during pitch adjustment; precise beveling and welding processes improve weld quality; and stress relief processes reduce the impact of thermal stress. The heat exchanger exhibits minimal heat transfer fluctuations, significantly reducing the stagnation area of ​​high-viscosity fluids, improving heat exchange efficiency, and enhancing structural stability and adaptability to various operating conditions.

[0039] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0040] 1. The pitch adjustment component adjusts the distance between the first flow control component and the second flow control component, which can dynamically match the characteristics of fluids with different viscosities, expand the shell-side fluid flow rate adjustment range to 0.5 to 3 meters per second, reduce the area of ​​the high-viscosity fluid stagnation zone by more than 80%, improve the heat transfer stability and efficiency of the heat exchanger under multiple operating conditions, and keep the heat transfer coefficient fluctuation within ±5%.

[0041] 2. The multi-stage variable diameter design of the tube bundle assembly matches the radial velocity gradient of the shell side, making the heat transfer more uniform, solving the problem of uneven fluid distribution in the shell side, reducing the temperature difference between the center and edge of the shell side, and improving the temperature uniformity and heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger.

[0042] 3. The dual-fixed structure of the first and second fixed components, combined with the sliding connection between the transition tube and the fixed components, the elastic first seal, and the elastic support, constructs an adaptive thermal compensation system to solve the problem of thermal stress concentration in the double tube sheet structure, reduce the occurrence of leakage caused by stress concentration, and improve the reliability of the heat exchanger.

[0043] 4. The first flow control component and the second flow control component are combined to form a structure that guides the direction of fluid flow, and multiple sets are provided, which can effectively change the fluid velocity path, increase the degree of turbulence, and enhance the heat transfer effect;

[0044] 5. The pressure stabilizing section of the second flow control component can balance the fluid pressure between the first and second flow control components, ensuring stable fluid flow and improving the stability of the heat exchange process;

[0045] 6. The heat transfer components enhance the heat transfer efficiency between the shell-side fluid and the tube bundle assembly, further improving the overall performance of the heat exchanger;

[0046] 7. The U-shaped part of the tube bundle assembly can alleviate thermal deformation, reduce the impact of thermal stress on the tube fittings, and extend the service life of the tube fittings. Attached Figure Description

[0047] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of a shell-and-tube high-efficiency heat exchanger disclosed in an embodiment of this application;

[0048] Figure 2 This is an overall structural view of a shell-and-tube high-efficiency heat exchanger disclosed in an embodiment of this application;

[0049] Figure 3 This is a partial exploded view of a shell-and-tube high-efficiency heat exchanger disclosed in an embodiment of this application;

[0050] Figure 4 This is another exploded view of a shell-and-tube high-efficiency heat exchanger disclosed in the embodiments of this application;

[0051] Figure 5 This is an exploded view of the second fixed component in a shell-and-tube high-efficiency heat exchanger disclosed in an embodiment of this application.

[0052] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0053] 1. Shell; 11. First port; 12. Second port; 13. Liquid inlet; 14. Liquid outlet;

[0054] 2. Head assembly;

[0055] 3. Tube bundle assembly; 31. First pipe fitting; 32. Second pipe fitting; 33. Third pipe fitting; 34. Transition pipe fitting; 35. U-shaped section; 36. First through section; 37. Second through section; 38. First sealing element;

[0056] 4. First flow control component; 41. First flow guide section;

[0057] 5. Second flow control assembly; 51. Second flow guide section; 52. Voltage regulator section;

[0058] 6. First fixing component; 61. Second sealing element;

[0059] 7. Second fixing component; 71. Manifold; 710. Cooling liquid section; 711. Hot liquid section; 712. Support section; 713. Partition plate; 72. Fixing component;

[0060] 8. Adjustment assembly; 81. First elastic component; 82. Second elastic component; 83. Positioning pull component; 830. Limiting part; 84. Adjustment component;

[0061] 9. Heat conduction components. Detailed Implementation

[0062] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0063] In the first aspect, embodiments of this application disclose a shell-and-tube high-efficiency heat exchanger, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The system includes a housing 1, a head assembly 2, a tube bundle assembly 3, a first flow control assembly 4, a second flow control assembly 5, a first fixing assembly 6, and a second fixing assembly 7. The tube bundle assembly 3, the first flow control assembly 4, and the second flow control assembly 5 are arranged along the depth direction of the housing 1, and the body of the tube bundle assembly 3 passes through the first flow control assembly 4 and the second flow control assembly 5. The first flow control assembly 4 and the second flow control assembly 5 are slidably connected to the tube bundle assembly 3. This structure allows the flow control assemblies to move flexibly on the tube bundle assembly 3, facilitating subsequent control of fluid flow. An adjustment assembly 8 is provided inside the housing 1. One end of the adjustment assembly 8 passes through the first fixing assembly 6 and the second fixing assembly 7 in sequence, and the other end extends along the depth direction of the housing 1. The tube bundle assembly 3 is arranged in a directional manner and passes through the first flow control component 4 and the second flow control component 5 respectively. The spacing adjustment component 8 is used to adjust the distance between the first flow control component 4 and the second flow control component 5. By adjusting the distance, it can adapt to the heat transfer requirements of fluids with different viscosities. The shell 1 has a first port 11 and a second port 12. The first fixing component 6 is fixedly installed at the first port 11 of the shell 1. The end of the tube bundle assembly 3 away from the first flow control component 4 passes through the first fixing component 6. The end cap assembly 2 is fixedly installed at the second port 12 of the shell 1. The second fixing component 7 is installed on the end of the tube bundle assembly 3 and close to the first fixing component 6. The first fixing component 6 and the second fixing component 7 are used to limit the mixing of the tube side and the shell side medium. The double fixing structure of the first fixing component 6 and the second fixing component 7 to fix the tube bundle assembly 3 can avoid the mixing of the tube side and the shell side medium, reduce the coefficient of thermal expansion at the connection between the first fixing component 6 and the second fixing component 7 and the tube bundle assembly 3, reduce stress concentration, and greatly improve the reliability and service life of the heat exchanger.

[0064] For details, see Figure 2 and Figure 3 The housing 1 has a liquid inlet 13 and a liquid outlet 14. The liquid inlet 13 and the liquid outlet 14 are diagonally distributed on the housing 1. The liquid inlet 13 is located on the surface of the housing 1 near the second port 12, and the liquid outlet 14 is located on the surface of the housing 1 near the first port 11. Such a diagonal distribution is conducive to the fluid flowing more evenly in the housing 1.

[0065] See Figure 3 and Figure 4The first flow control assembly 4 and the second flow control assembly 5 play a crucial role in guiding the direction of fluid flow. The first flow control assembly 4 has a first flow guide 41, which is located on the body of the first flow control assembly 4 near the liquid outlet 14. The second flow control assembly 5 has a second flow guide 51, which is located on the body of the second flow control assembly 5 near the liquid inlet 13. The first flow control assembly 4 and the second flow control assembly 5 are combined to form a structure that guides the direction of fluid flow. There are at least four such combinations, and they are arranged sequentially along the depth direction of the housing 1.

[0066] In this embodiment, the number of combinations of the first flow control component 4 and the second flow control component 5 is four, which can guide the shell-side fluid to make a longer curved motion and achieve efficient heat exchange.

[0067] The first flow control component 4 includes a first baffle plate, and the first flow guide 41 includes a plurality of first arc-shaped channels formed on the first baffle plate. The arc-shaped first arc-shaped channels can make the fluid turn more smoothly and reduce flow resistance. In other embodiments, the first flow guide 41 can be a plurality of guide channels with an inclination angle of 45 degrees, and the depth of the guide channels ranges from 20 to 30 mm.

[0068] The second flow control component 5 includes a second baffle plate, and the second flow guide 51 includes multiple second arc-shaped channels formed on the second baffle plate. The arc-shaped channels allow the fluid to turn more smoothly, reducing flow resistance. In other embodiments, the second flow guide 51 can be multiple guide channels with an inclination angle of 45 degrees, and the depth of the guide channels ranges from 20 to 30 millimeters. By setting the first and second flow guides 51, the flow path of the fluid within the housing 1 can be effectively guided, increasing the turbulence of the fluid and thus improving heat transfer efficiency.

[0069] See Figure 2 and Figure 3 The end cap assembly 2 includes an elliptical metal end cap, which is welded to the shell 1 and onto the first port 11 of the shell 1. The edges of the weld between the shell 1 and the elliptical metal end cap are each ground with a 45-degree chamfer to form a V-shaped groove, optimizing the weld groove structure and ensuring penetration. The 45-degree chamfer transforms a right angle into a smooth transition surface, reducing the stress concentration factor to below 1.5 and improving the fatigue resistance of the joint. The 45-degree groove provides an inclined welding surface, facilitating the welder's observation of the molten pool flow, making it particularly suitable for welding methods requiring visual control, such as manual arc welding and gas shielded welding, reducing the incidence of defects such as undercut and weld beads.

[0070] For details, see Figure 3 and Figure 4A heat transfer component 9 is provided between the first flow control component 4 and the second flow control component 5. The tube bundle component 3 passes through the heat transfer component 9 and is fixedly connected to the tube bundle component 3. The heat transfer component 9 is used to enhance the heat transfer efficiency between the shell-side fluid and the tube bundle component 3.

[0071] The heat transfer assembly 9 includes multiple heat exchange fins, and the tube bundle assembly 3 is inserted through these fins. The heat exchange fins and the tube bundle assembly 3 are connected by an expansion joint; by expanding the tube bundle assembly 3, it bulges out, thereby securing the heat exchange fins. In other embodiments, the heat exchange fins can be needle-shaped. Needle-shaped fins can increase fluid turbulence, allowing for more thorough contact between the fluid and the tube bundle assembly 3.

[0072] Further, see Figure 3 The second flow control assembly 5 has a pressure stabilizing part 52, which is located on the side near the liquid inlet 13. The pressure stabilizing part 52 is used to balance the fluid pressure between the first flow control group and the second flow control assembly 5.

[0073] Specifically, the pressure stabilizing unit 52 includes a third arc-shaped channel formed on the second baffle plate. When the fluid passes through the third arc-shaped channel, the pressure will be balanced to a certain extent.

[0074] Further, see Figures 3 to 5 The tube bundle assembly 3 includes a first tube 31, a second tube 32, a third tube 33, and a transition tube 34. One end of the transition tube 34 is fixedly connected to the first fixing assembly 6, and the other end passes through the second fixing assembly 7 and is slidably connected to the second fixing assembly 7. The first tube 31, the second tube 32, and the third tube 33 each have a first through portion 36 and a second through portion 37. The first through portion 36 and the second through portion 37 of the first tube 31, the second tube 32, and the third tube 33 are fixedly connected to a set of transition tubes 34. The ends of the first tube 31, the second tube 32, and the third tube 33 away from the end connected to the transition tube 34 are arranged along the depth direction of the shell 1. In addition, the transition pipe 34 is used to provide a connection channel between the first pipe 31, the second pipe 32 and the third pipe 33 and the cold liquid section 710 and the hot liquid section 711, and to indirectly realize the sliding connection between the second fixing assembly 7 and the first pipe 31, the second pipe 32 and the third pipe 33, so that when the first pipe 31, the second pipe 32 and the third pipe 33 undergo thermal expansion, the second fixing assembly 7 is allowed to float freely along the axial direction, reducing the problem of leakage caused by stress concentration.

[0075] The shell 1 has three regions: a central region, a middle region, and an edge region. The first tube 31 is located in the central region of the shell 1, the second tube 32 is located in the middle region, and the third tube 33 is located in the edge region. The diameters of the first tube 31, the second tube 32, and the third tube 33 increase sequentially. By matching the radial velocity gradient of the shell side with a multi-stage variable diameter tube bundle, the problem of uneven heat transfer efficiency caused by uneven fluid distribution in the shell side is solved, thereby improving the temperature uniformity and heat transfer efficiency of the heat exchanger.

[0076] For details, see Figure 3 and Figure 4 The transition fitting 34 includes a transition copper pipe. The first fitting 31 includes a first copper pipe, the second fitting 32 includes a second copper pipe, and the third fitting 33 includes a third copper pipe. The first copper pipe, the second copper pipe, and the third copper pipe are respectively fixedly connected to the transition copper pipe.

[0077] The first fitting 31, the second fitting 32, and the third fitting 33 each have a U-shaped portion 35, which includes a U-shaped tube. The U-shaped portions 35 of the first fitting 31, the second fitting 32, and the third fitting 33 are respectively located close to the liquid inlet 13. The U-shaped portions 35 can alleviate thermal deformation, and the curved flow path of the U-shaped tube guides the shell-side fluid to flow in a spiral manner, enhancing the turbulence effect. Furthermore, when the temperature of the fluid inside the first copper tube, the second copper tube, and the third copper tube is significantly higher or lower than that of the shell-side fluid, the straight tube is prone to generating significant thermal stress due to its two ends being fixed to the first fixing component 6 and the second fixing component 7. This stress can reach more than 30% of the material's yield strength, potentially leading to leakage at the tube sheet expansion joint or tube rupture. The curved section of the U-shaped tube acts like an elastic joint, absorbing thermal expansion and contraction energy through deformation, reducing thermal stress by more than 60%. In other embodiments, the first fitting 31, the second fitting 32, and the third fitting 33 can be made of materials such as stainless steel or aluminum.

[0078] Further, see Figure 3 and Figure 4 The first fixing component 6 includes a first fixing tube plate, which is welded to the first port 11 of the housing 1. The edges of the welding joint between the first fixing tube plate and the housing 1 are respectively ground with a 45-degree chamfer. The 45-degree chamfer optimizes the welding bevel structure and ensures penetration.

[0079] The second fixed assembly 7 includes a manifold 71 and a fixing member 72, with the fixing member 72 fixedly mounted on the manifold 71. A transition tube 34 passes through the fixing member 72 and is slidably connected to it. This slidable connection allows the second fixed assembly 7 to float freely along the axial direction, solving the problem of thermal stress concentration in traditional double-tube sheet structures of heat exchangers, reducing leakage caused by stress concentration, and improving the reliability of the heat exchanger.

[0080] The manifold 71 has a cold liquid section 710 and a hot liquid section 711. The first pipe 31, the second pipe 32 and the third pipe 33 each have a first through section 36 and a second through section 37. The first through section 36 of the first pipe 31, the second pipe 32 and the third pipe 33 are respectively connected to the cold liquid section 710, and the second through section 37 of the first pipe 31, the second pipe 32 and the third pipe 33 are respectively connected to the hot liquid section 711.

[0081] In addition, the transition pipe 34 is used to provide a connection channel between the first pipe 31, the second pipe 32 and the third pipe 33 and the cold liquid section 710 and the hot liquid section 711, and to indirectly realize the sliding connection between the second fixing assembly 7 and the first pipe 31, the second pipe 32 and the third pipe 33, so that when the first pipe 31, the second pipe 32 and the third pipe 33 undergo thermal expansion, the second fixing assembly 7 is allowed to float freely along the axial direction, reducing the problem of leakage caused by stress concentration.

[0082] For details, see Figure 3 and Figure 4 The first passage 36 includes a first through hole for coolant to pass through. The second passage 37 includes a second through hole for coolant to pass through after heat exchange and temperature rise with the shell-side medium. The cold liquid section 710 groups the inlet channels of each pipe into one area, and the hot liquid section 711 groups the outlet channels into one area, facilitating the distribution of coolant into the first passage 36 of each pipe for heat exchange, followed by temperature rise and collection, and finally delivery to the recovery device, allowing the coolant to circulate in an orderly manner to complete the heat exchange process.

[0083] The manifold 71 includes a water inlet cover, a coolant section 710 includes a coolant hole formed on the water inlet cover, and a hot liquid section 711 includes a hot liquid hole formed on the water inlet cover. A partition 713 is welded onto the water inlet cover, which divides the water inlet cover into two zones: a cold zone and a hot zone. The coolant hole communicates with the cold zone, and the hot liquid hole communicates with the hot zone.

[0084] The fastener 72 includes a second fixed tube sheet, which is welded to one end of the cold and hot zones of the water inlet cover. The edges of the weld between the water inlet cover and the second fixed tube sheet are respectively ground with a 45-degree chamfer. The 45-degree chamfer optimizes the welding bevel structure and ensures penetration.

[0085] Furthermore, a first sealing element 38 is fitted onto one end of the transition pipe 34 that is slidably connected to the fixing element 72. One end of the first sealing element 38 is rotatably connected to the transition pipe 34, and the other end is rotatably connected to the fixing element 72. The first sealing element 38 is elastic and is used to seal the sliding connection gap between the transition pipe 34 and the fixing element 72.

[0086] For details, see Figure 4 and Figure 5The first sealing element 38 includes a first double-threaded rubber joint. Multiple first external threaded joints are protruding from the second fixed tube plate. One end of the transition tube 34 passes through each of the multiple first external threaded joints. One end of the first double-threaded rubber joint is threaded to the end of the transition tube 34, and the other end is threaded to the first external threaded joint on the second fixed tube plate. Furthermore, the rubber of the first double-threaded rubber joint is made of silicone rubber with a hardness of 40-50 HA. In this design, when the tube expands due to heat, the first sealing element 38 slides axially with the transition tube 34, filling the gap through its own elastic deformation, thus preventing leakage of the tube-side medium.

[0087] Furthermore, a support portion 712 is provided on the surface of the collector 71. One end of the support portion 712 is fixedly connected to the collector connector, and the other end is fixedly connected to the body of the housing 1. The support portion 712 is elastic; a corrugated portion is fitted on the support portion 712, and the corrugated portion has a telescopic function.

[0088] For details, see Figure 2 and Figure 3 The support portion 712 includes an elastic support rod, one end of which is bolted to the outer surface of the water inlet cover, and the other end is also bolted to the outer surface of the housing 1. In other embodiments, the support portion 712 can be a support sleeve spring, the elasticity of which can buffer the stress generated by the thermal expansion of the tube bundle assembly 3. The corrugated portion includes a rubber bellows, which can expand and contract when the tube bundle assembly 3 thermally expands or contracts, ensuring the stability of the entire structure. In other embodiments, the corrugated portion can be a metal-plastic composite corrugated pipe, with an outer metal and an inner plastic, the inner layer being corrosion-resistant and the outer layer being pressure-bearing and protective.

[0089] Further, see Figures 2 to 4 The adjusting component 8 includes a first elastic member 81, a second elastic member 82, a positioning pull member 83, and an adjusting member 84. One end of the positioning pull member 83 passes through the first fixing component 6 and the second fixing component 7 in sequence and is slidably connected to the first fixing component 6 and the second fixing component 7 respectively. The other end passes through the first flow control component 4 and the second flow control component 5. The first elastic member 81 is sleeved on the positioning pull rod. One end of the first elastic member 81 is fixedly connected to the end of the positioning pull rod, and the other end abuts against the surface of the second fixing component 7. One end of the adjusting member 84 passes through the second fixing component 7 and the positioning pull rod in sequence, and the other end is located outside the second fixing component 7. The adjusting member 84 is connected to the positioning pull rod and the second fixing component 7 by a plug-in connection.

[0090] The second elastic member 82 is sleeved on the positioning pull member 83. Multiple second elastic members 82 are provided, and the number of second elastic members 82 is the sum of the number of the first flow control assembly 4 and the second flow control assembly 5. The positioning pull member 83 has multiple limiting parts 830, the number of which is the same as the number of second elastic members 82. These multiple limiting parts 830 are spaced apart and installed on the body of the positioning pull member 83.

[0091] One end of the second elastic member 82 abuts against the heat conduction component 9, and the other end abuts against the first flow control component 4. The end of the first flow control component 4 away from the second elastic member 82 abuts against the limiting part 830. And / or, one end of the second elastic member 82 abuts against the heat conduction component 9, and the other end abuts against the second flow control component 5. The end of the second flow control component 5 away from the second elastic member 82 abuts against the limiting part 830.

[0092] Specifically, the positioning pull member 83 includes positioning pull rods, with at least two rods. The positioning pull rods pass through the current collector 71. One end of the positioning pull rod sequentially passes through the fixing member 72 of the first fixing component 6, the fixing member 72 of the second fixing component 7, and the current collector 71, and is slidably connected to each of these components. The other end sequentially passes through the heat conduction component 9, the first flow control component 4, and the second flow control component 5. Specifically, when the positioning pull rod exits from the first fixed tube sheet, it passes through the second fixed tube sheet, and then exits through the shell wall of the water inlet cover, without passing through the cold and hot zones of the water inlet cover.

[0093] Each limiting part 830 includes a limiting stop plate, which is fixedly installed on the positioning tie rod.

[0094] The adjusting component 84 includes an adjusting rod that passes sequentially through the water inlet cover and the positioning pull rod. Under the force of the first elastic component 81, the adjusting rod is locked onto the water inlet cover and the positioning pull rod. At the same time, the adjusting rod restricts the sliding of the positioning pull rod along its own axial direction. In addition, the positioning pull rod has several locking holes on its main body located on the water inlet cover section for the adjusting rod to pass through.

[0095] The first elastic element 81 includes a first elastic spring, which is sleeved on the positioning pull rod. One end of the first elastic spring is fixedly connected to the positioning pull rod, and the other end abuts against the surface of the water inlet cover.

[0096] Each set of second elastic components 82 includes a second elastic spring, which is sleeved on the positioning pull rod. One end of the second elastic spring is pressed against the first baffle or the second baffle, and the other end is pressed against the heat conduction component 9.

[0097] A second sealing element 61 is provided at the connection between the positioning pull rod and the first fixing component 6. The second sealing element 61 includes a second double-threaded rubber joint, which is elastic. A second external threaded joint protrudes from the side of the first fixing component 6 located inside the housing 1. One end of the second double-threaded rubber joint is threadedly connected to the external threaded joint, and the other end is threadedly connected to the body of the positioning pull rod. By providing the second sealing element 61, the connection between the positioning pull rod and the first fixing component 6 can be kept well sealed, thereby coping with the pressure exerted by the shell-side medium and preventing the shell-side medium from overflowing outside the housing.

[0098] In this embodiment, by pressing the positioning rod, the positioning rod moves along its own axial direction, changing the length of the positioning rod within the housing 1. It is then locked using a locking mechanism with the first elastic element 81 and the adjusting rod, achieving locking after adjustment. The first and second baffles move along the axial direction of the positioning rod under the reaction force of the second spring. The distance between the first and second baffles is adjustable from 50 to 100 mm. In this embodiment, the distance between the first flow control component 4 and the second flow control component 5 is changed by adjusting the compression degree of the second elastic element 82. A detachable elastic sealing structure is formed by using a first double-threaded rubber joint and a second double-threaded rubber joint, with both ends threadedly connected to the transition pipe 34 and the fixing component 72, respectively. Specifically, for low-viscosity fluids (such as fluorinated liquids and liquid hydrocarbons), the baffle spacing is increased to 80 to 100 mm to reduce the flow rate and extend the heat transfer time; for high-viscosity fluids (such as lubricating oil), the spacing is reduced to 50 to 80 mm to increase the flow rate and enhance turbulence.

[0099] The above solution expands the flow rate adjustment range of the shell-side fluid to 0.5 to 3 meters per second, controls the heat transfer coefficient fluctuation within ±5%, and reduces the stagnation area of ​​high-viscosity fluids by more than 80%. It solves the problem that fixed baffles cannot adapt to the heat transfer requirements of fluids with different viscosities, and improves the heat transfer stability and efficiency of the heat exchanger under various operating conditions.

[0100] The working principle of a shell-and-tube high-efficiency heat exchanger disclosed in this application is as follows:

[0101] The liquid inlet 13 and liquid outlet 14 of the shell 1 are diagonally distributed, and together with four sets of first flow control components 4 (first baffles) and second flow control components 5 (second baffles), they guide the shell-side fluid to move in a long-distance curved motion along the depth direction of the shell 1. The first arc-shaped through groove and the second arc-shaped through groove on the baffle plate allow the fluid to turn smoothly, reducing flow resistance while increasing turbulence and prolonging the contact time between the fluid and the tube bundle assembly 3, thereby achieving fluid regulation and heat transfer enhancement.

[0102] The tube bundle assembly 3 adopts a multi-stage variable diameter design. The first tube 31 (such as the first copper tube) in the central region has the smallest diameter, while the third tube 33 (such as the third copper tube) in the edge region has the largest diameter, matching the radial velocity gradient of the shell side (faster velocity in the center and slower velocity at the edge), resulting in a more uniform fluid distribution. The U-shaped tube structure (U-shaped section) allows the tubes to deform freely due to thermal expansion and contraction, absorbing thermal stress through the bending section (reducing thermal stress by more than 60%), while guiding the fluid to flow in a spiral pattern, further enhancing heat transfer. The heat exchange fins (needle-shaped or plate-shaped) of the heat conduction assembly 9 are fixed to the tube bundle assembly 3 by expansion joints, increasing the heat transfer area and enhancing the heat exchange efficiency between the shell-side fluid and the tube material.

[0103] For thermal stress control and sealing, the first fixing component 6 (first fixed tube sheet) and the second fixing component 7 (manifold 71, second fixed tube sheet) form a double fixing structure. The cold liquid section 710 (cold liquid orifice) and the hot liquid section 711 (hot liquid orifice) of the manifold 71 are isolated by a partition 713 to prevent mixing of the tube-side and shell-side media. A silicone rubber double-threaded ring first seal 38 is used between the tube and the fixing component 72 to elastically seal the sliding connection gap and prevent leakage. The adjustable spacing component 8 can adjust the baffle spacing from 50 to 100 mm. For low-viscosity fluids (such as fluorinated liquids), the spacing is increased to 80 to 100 mm to reduce the flow rate and prolong the heat transfer time; for high-viscosity fluids (such as lubricating oil), the spacing is reduced to 50 to 80 mm to increase the flow rate and enhance turbulence. The elastic spring dynamically balances the fluid pressure through the degree of compression, and in conjunction with the third arc-shaped through groove of the pressure stabilizing part 52, the shell-side flow rate adjustment range is 0.5 to 3 m / s, and the heat transfer coefficient fluctuation is controlled within ±5%.

[0104] Structural reliability has been optimized. The weld joints between the elliptical metal head, the first fixed tube sheet, and the shell 1 are all ground with a 45-degree chamfer to form a V-shaped groove, ensuring weld penetration and reducing the stress concentration factor from above 3.0 to below 1.5, thus improving fatigue resistance. The elastic support rod and rubber bellows of the support part 712 can buffer the thermal expansion stress of the tube bundle, allowing the second fixed component 7 to float axially and reducing the risk of leakage at the expansion joint.

[0105] This application's technology enables dynamic control of the shell-side fluid velocity and direction, adapting to the heat transfer requirements of media with different viscosities (low viscosity such as fluorinated liquids, high viscosity such as lubricating oils). Through multi-stage variable diameter tube bundles, U-shaped tube structures, and heat exchange fins, heat transfer efficiency is enhanced and temperature distribution is balanced. Dual fixed components and an elastic first seal 38 prevent media mixing, while the adjustable spacing component 8 and corrugated section alleviate thermal stress, improving equipment reliability.

[0106] This technology boasts high heat transfer efficiency, strong adaptability to operating conditions, and excellent reliability. The curved flow channel and turbulence design increase the heat transfer coefficient by 15% to 25%, while the multi-stage variable diameter tube bundle reduces the temperature difference to below 5 degrees Celsius. The adjustable baffle spacing allows for a wide range of flow rate adjustment, reducing the stagnation zone of high-viscosity fluids by more than 80%. The 45-degree welding chamfer, U-shaped tube thermal compensation, and elastic support designs extend the equipment life by more than 30% and significantly reduce the risk of leakage. Maintenance is convenient: the tube bundle assembly 3 can float axially, and with the detachable baffles, cleaning and maintenance efficiency is improved by 50%.

[0107] Therefore, this technology solves several problems of existing shell-and-tube heat exchangers, such as fixed baffles, concentrated thermal stress, high risk of medium mixing, and insufficient welding reliability. Existing shell-and-tube heat exchangers cannot adapt to changes in fluid viscosity; low-viscosity fluids have insufficient heat transfer time, and high-viscosity fluids are prone to stagnation. This solution addresses these issues through adjustable-pitch baffles and variable-diameter tube bundles. Traditional straight-tube fixed connections are prone to cracking due to temperature differences; U-shaped tubes and elastic supports achieve thermal expansion self-adaptation. The double-fixed tube sheet and the first sealing element 38 design prevent contact between the tube-side and shell-side fluids, meeting the high cleanliness requirements of chemical, food, and other fields. The 45-degree bevel optimizes the welding process, reducing defects such as undercut and incomplete penetration, and improving structural safety. Through mechanical structural innovation, this solution systematically solves the core bottlenecks of traditional shell-and-tube heat exchangers in terms of heat transfer efficiency, operating condition adaptability, and reliability, and is suitable for high-efficiency heat exchange needs in chemical, energy, refrigeration, and other fields.

[0108] Secondly, embodiments of this application disclose a method for preparing a shell-and-tube high-efficiency heat exchanger, comprising:

[0109] S1: Determine the optimal pipe diameter ratio through Fluent simulation, with a central area to edge area ratio of 1:1.5 and a baffle spacing range of 50 to 100 mm;

[0110] S2: The first and second baffle plates are processed by CNC stamping and laser cutting to ensure that the curvature error of the arc-shaped through slot is less than 0.05 mm; the heat exchange fins are made of aluminum alloy and copper-based alloy by powder metallurgy sintering, which increases the thermal conductivity by 20%.

[0111] S3: For the first, second, and third copper tubes, the expansion pressure gradient is controlled between 5 and 15 MPa to ensure that the interference fit of the heat exchange fins is between 0.15 and 0.2 mm.

[0112] S4: Three-dimensional CNC pipe bending technology is used to process the U-shaped part, with a bending radius of 2.5 times the pipe diameter, and the symmetry error of laser detection is less than 0.3 mm;

[0113] S5: Design a variable pitch spring to obtain a spring in which the elastic modulus fluctuation of the first elastic element 81 and the second elastic element 82 is less than 8% within an adjustment range of 50 to 100 mm.

[0114] S6: The positioning tie rod is CNC drilled to create multiple locking holes for the adjustment component 84 to pass through;

[0115] S7: Robotic laser cutting of 45-degree bevels with a blunt edge of 0.5 to 1.0 mm, and machine vision inspection angle error of less than 0.5 degrees;

[0116] S8: Welding current 220 to 280A, argon gas protection on the back side, and 95% uniformity of penetration depth;

[0117] S9: Local induction heating to 600 degrees Celsius and holding for 30 minutes, cooling rate less than or equal to 50 degrees Celsius per hour, stress relief of 85%;

[0118] S10: Assemble in sequence.

[0119] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shell and tube high efficiency heat exchanger characterized by: The application relates to a heat exchanger, which comprises a shell (1), a head assembly (2), a tube bundle assembly (3), a first flow control assembly (4), a second flow control assembly (5), a first fixing assembly (6) and a second fixing assembly (7), the tube bundle assembly (3), the first flow control assembly (4) and the second flow control assembly (5) are arranged along the depth direction of the shell (1) respectively, the body of the tube bundle assembly (3) penetrates through the first flow control assembly (4) and the second flow control assembly (5) respectively, and the first flow control assembly (4) and the second flow control assembly (5) are slidably connected with the tube bundle assembly (3) respectively. A distance adjusting assembly (8) is arranged on the shell (1), one end of the distance adjusting assembly (8) penetrates through the first fixing assembly (6) and the second fixing assembly (7) in sequence, the other end is arranged along the depth direction of the shell (1) and penetrates through the first flow control assembly (4) and the second flow control assembly (5) respectively, and the distance adjusting assembly (8) is used for adjusting the distance between the first flow control assembly (4) and the second flow control assembly (5). The shell (1) is provided with a first pipe opening (11) and a second pipe opening (12), the first fixing assembly (6) is fixedly arranged at the first pipe opening (11) of the shell (1), one end of the tube bundle assembly (3) away from the first flow control assembly (4) penetrates through the first fixing assembly (6), and the head assembly (2) is fixedly arranged at the second pipe opening (12) of the shell (1). The second fixing assembly (7) is arranged on the end of the tube bundle assembly (3) and is arranged close to the first fixing assembly (6), and the first fixing assembly (6) and the second fixing assembly (7) are used for limiting the mixing of the tube-side medium and the shell-side medium. The shell (1) is provided with a liquid inlet part (13) and a liquid outlet part (14), the liquid inlet part (13) and the liquid outlet part (14) are diagonally arranged on the shell (1), the liquid inlet part (13) is arranged on the surface of the shell (1) close to the second pipe opening (12), and the liquid outlet part (14) is arranged on the surface of the shell (1) close to the first pipe opening (11). The first flow control assembly (4) is provided with a first flow guiding part (41), and the first flow guiding part (41) is arranged on the body of the first flow control assembly (4) close to the liquid outlet part (14); The second flow control assembly (5) is provided with a second flow guiding part (51), and the second flow guiding part (51) is arranged on the body of the second flow control assembly (5) close to the liquid inlet part (13); The first flow control assembly (4) and the second flow control assembly (5) are combined to form a structure for guiding the flow direction of fluid, the number of combinations is at least four, and the combinations are arranged along the depth direction of the shell (1) in sequence; The second flow control assembly (5) is provided with a pressure stabilizing part (52), and the pressure stabilizing part (52) is arranged on the side close to the liquid inlet part (13), and the pressure stabilizing part (52) is used for balancing the fluid pressure between the first flow control assembly and the second flow control assembly (5); The tube bundle assembly (3) comprises a first pipe (31), a second pipe (32), a third pipe (33) and a transition pipe (34), one end of the transition pipe (34) is fixedly connected with the first fixing assembly (6), the other end penetrates through the second fixing assembly (7) and is slidably connected with the second fixing assembly (7). The first pipe (31), the second pipe (32) and the third pipe (33) have first passages (36) and second passages (37) respectively, the first passages (36) and the second passages (37) of the first pipe (31), the second pipe (32) and the third pipe (33) are fixedly connected with a group of transition pipes (34) respectively, and the first pipe (31), the second pipe (32) and the third pipe (33) are arranged along the depth direction of the shell (1) away from one end connected with the transition pipe (34); The shell (1) has three regions of a central region, an intermediate region and an edge region, the first pipe (31) is distributed in the central region of the shell (1), the second pipe (32) is distributed in the intermediate region of the shell (1), and the third pipe (33) is distributed in the edge region of the shell (1); The pipe diameters of the first pipe (31), the second pipe (32) and the third pipe (33) increase in turn; The second fixing assembly (7) comprises a current collecting piece (71) and a fixing piece (72), the fixing piece (72) is fixedly installed on the current collecting piece (71), the transition pipe (34) passes through the fixing piece (72) and is in sliding connection with the fixing piece (72); The current collecting piece (71) has cold liquid parts (710) and hot liquid parts (711), the first passages (36) of the first pipe (31), the second pipe (32) and the third pipe (33) are connected with the cold liquid parts (710) respectively, and the second passages (37) of the first pipe (31), the second pipe (32) and the third pipe (33) are connected with the hot liquid parts (711) respectively; The first pipe (31), the second pipe (32) and the third pipe (33) have U-shaped parts (35) respectively, and the U-shaped parts (35) of the first pipe (31), the second pipe (32) and the third pipe (33) are arranged close to the liquid inlet part (13); The end of the transition pipe (34) in sliding connection with the fixing piece (72) is sleeved with a first sealing piece (38), one end of the first sealing piece (38) is in rotary connection with the transition pipe (34), and the other end is in rotary connection with the fixing piece (72); The first sealing piece (38) has elasticity, and is used for sealing the sliding connection gap between the transition pipe (34) and the fixing piece (72).

2. A shell and tube high efficiency heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein: Heat conduction assemblies (9) are arranged between the first flow control assembly (4) and the second flow control assembly (5) respectively, the tube bundle assembly (3) passes through the heat conduction assemblies (9), the heat conduction assemblies (9) are fixedly connected with the tube bundle assembly (3), and the heat conduction assemblies (9) are used for strengthening the heat transfer efficiency between the shell side fluid and the tube bundle assembly (3).

3. A shell and tube high efficiency heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein: A support part (712) is arranged on the surface of the current collecting piece (71), one end of the support part (712) is fixedly connected with the current collecting piece, and the other end is fixedly connected with the body of the shell (1); The support part (712) has elasticity; A corrugated part is sleeved on the support part (712), and the corrugated part has an expansion function.

4. A shell and tube high efficiency heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The distance adjusting assembly (8) comprises a first elastic member (81), a second elastic member (82), a positioning pull member (83) and a position adjusting member (84), one end of the positioning pull member (83) sequentially passes through the first fixing assembly (6) and the second fixing assembly (7) and is in sliding connection with the first fixing assembly (6) and the second fixing assembly (7) respectively, and the other end passes through the first flow control assembly (4) and the second flow control assembly (5); The first elastic member (81) is sleeved on the positioning pull rod, one end of the first elastic member (81) is fixedly connected with the end of the positioning pull rod, and the other end is abutted with the surface of the second fixing assembly (7); One end of the position adjusting member (84) sequentially passes through the second fixing assembly (7) and the positioning pull rod, and the other end is located outside the second fixing assembly (7), and the position adjusting member (84) is in plug-in connection with the positioning pull rod and the second fixing assembly (7) respectively; The second elastic member (82) is sleeved on the positioning pull member (83), a plurality of second elastic members (82) are arranged, and the number of the second elastic members (82) is the sum of the number of the first flow control assembly (4) and the number of the second flow control assembly (5); The positioning pull member (83) is provided with a plurality of limiting portions (830), the number of the limiting portions (830) is consistent with the number of the second elastic members (82), and the plurality of limiting portions (830) are arranged on the body of the positioning pull member (83) at intervals; One end of the second elastic member (82) is abutted with the heat conduction assembly (9), and the other end is abutted with the first flow control assembly (4), one end of the first flow control assembly (4) away from the second elastic member (82) is abutted with the limiting portion (830), and / or one end of the second elastic member (82) is abutted with the heat conduction assembly (9), and the other end is abutted with the second flow control assembly (5), one end of the second flow control assembly (5) away from the second elastic member (82) is abutted with the limiting portion (830).

5. A preparation method of the shell-and-tube high-efficiency heat exchanger, applied to the shell-and-tube high-efficiency heat exchanger of any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: Comprise: S1: determine the optimal pipe diameter ratio; S2: adopt numerical control stamping and laser cutting to process the first and second baffle plates; the heat exchange fins are processed by powder metallurgy sintering of aluminum alloy and copper-based alloy; S3: perform stepped expansion connection on the first, second and third copper pipes, the expansion pressure gradient is controlled to be 5-15 MPa, and the heat exchange fin interference amount is ensured to be 0.15-0.2 mm; S4: process the U-shaped part (35) by three-dimensional numerical control pipe bending technology, the bending radius is 2.5 times the pipe diameter, and the symmetry error is less than 0.3 mm; S5: design a variable-pitch elastic spring, and obtain an elastic spring with an elastic modulus fluctuation of less than 8% in a 50-100 mm adjustment range of the first elastic member (81) and the second elastic member (82); S6: the positioning pull rod is provided with a plurality of clamping holes for the position adjusting member (84) to pass through by numerical control drilling; S7: robot laser cutting of 45-degree bevel, 0.5-1.0 mm of blunt edge, and machine vision detection of angle error less than 0.5 degrees; S8: welding current 220-280 A, argon protection on the back, and melting depth uniformity of 95%; S9: local induction heating to 600 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes, cooling rate less than or equal to 50 degrees Celsius per hour, and stress elimination percentage of 85%; S10: sequentially assemble.

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