Water volume monitoring device and drainage characteristic monitoring system

Abstract

The invention discloses a water quantity monitoring device and a drainage characteristic monitoring system, relates to the field of environmental engineering, and is used for solving the problem that the existing flow monitoring equipment cannot effectively monitor the water flow in a pipeline with low liquid level and small water quantity. The water quantity monitoring device comprises a base plate which is provided with an opening and is vertically arranged when being arranged in a pipeline; the annular air bag is arranged on the peripheral face of the base plate, and the air bag is attached to the inner wall of the pipeline after being inflated, so that the base plate blocks water flow in the pipeline, and the water flow overflows from the opening; the liquid level measuring device is arranged on one side of the base plate, the water flow flows to the base plate from the side, and the liquid level measuring device is used for measuring the liquid level when the water flow overflows from the opening so as to measure the water flow according to the liquid level. The weir is formed in the pipeline, the opening formed in the base plate serves as the weir crest to control water flow in the pipeline to flow through the weir crest, the liquid level of the water flow overflowing from the weir crest is measured, the water flow in the pipeline can be measured according to the liquid level, and the water flow in the pipeline with the low liquid level and the small water volume can be monitored.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of environmental engineering, and in particular to a water volume monitoring device and a drainage characteristic monitoring system. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous advancement of comprehensive urban water environment management, the water quality and quantity of urban sewage networks have received increasing attention. The water quantity and quality patterns of sewage discharged from different drainage units vary. Therefore, studying the sewage discharge characteristics (water quantity and quality) of drainage units is of great significance for the basic operation and maintenance, defect diagnosis, and model simulation of urban sewage networks. However, in the actual process of monitoring the water quantity and quality of drainage unit sewage, some drainage unit sewage outlets have low liquid levels and low water volumes. This fails to reach the minimum water level required by conventional flow monitoring equipment, making it impossible for flow monitoring equipment to perform effective monitoring. For example, the minimum water level required for Doppler flowmeter monitoring is 5 cm. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a water flow monitoring device that can monitor the water flow in a pipeline, and can monitor the water flow in a pipeline with low liquid level and small water volume. The present invention also provides a drainage characteristic monitoring system.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] A water flow monitoring device for monitoring water flow in a pipeline, comprising:

[0006] a base plate having an opening, wherein the base plate is arranged vertically when the water quantity monitoring device is arranged in the pipeline;

[0007] an annular airbag disposed on the outer circumference of the base plate, so that when the water level monitoring device is disposed in the pipe, the airbag is inflated and abuts against the inner wall of the pipe, so that the base plate blocks the water flow in the pipe and causes the water to overflow from the opening;

[0008] A liquid level measuring device is provided on one side of the substrate. The water flows from the side where the liquid level measuring device is located to the substrate. The liquid level measuring device is used to measure the liquid level when the water overflows from the opening, so as to measure the water flow in the pipeline according to the liquid level.

[0009] In some embodiments, a groove is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the substrate along the circumference of the substrate, and the airbag is provided in the groove.

[0010] In some embodiments, the substrate includes a front plate, a middle plate and a back plate stacked in sequence, the front plate is provided with a first opening, the middle plate is provided with a second opening, and the back plate is provided with a third opening. The first opening, the second opening and the third opening are positioned correspondingly to form the openings, and a groove is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the middle plate along the circumference of the middle plate, and the airbag is provided in the groove.

[0011] In some embodiments, the substrate includes a front plate, a middle plate and a back plate stacked in sequence, the front plate is provided with a first opening, the middle plate is provided with a second opening, and the back plate is provided with a third opening. The first opening, the second opening and the third opening are positioned correspondingly to form the openings. When the water volume monitoring device is arranged in the pipeline, the lowest point of the second opening is lower than the lowest point of the first opening, and the lowest point of the third opening is lower than the lowest point of the first opening. The liquid level measuring device is arranged at the second opening or the third opening.

[0012] In some embodiments, further comprising:

[0013] A connecting rod has one end connected to the base plate and the other end extending out to connect to an external fixed part.

[0014] A drainage characteristic monitoring system, comprising:

[0015] The water level monitoring device described in any of the above items is arranged in a drainage pipe and is used to transmit the measured liquid level data to a processing system;

[0016] a water quality monitoring device, disposed in the drainage pipe, for acquiring water quality data of water flowing in the drainage pipe and transmitting the water quality data to the processing system;

[0017] The processing system is communicatively connected to the water quantity monitoring device and the water quality monitoring device respectively, and is used to obtain the water flow in the drainage pipe based on the liquid level data, and to calculate the preset pollutant concentration of the water flow in the drainage pipe using a preset pollutant concentration model based on the water quality data and the time data corresponding to the water quality data.

[0018] In some embodiments, the processing system is used to obtain the water flow rate in the drainage pipe according to the liquid level data, including: calculating the water flow rate in the drainage pipe according to the following formula:

[0019] ;

[0020] Wherein, Q represents the water flow rate, μ represents the flow coefficient, θ represents the opening angle of the water quantity monitoring device, g represents the acceleration of gravity, and H represents the liquid level relative to the lowest point of the opening when the water overflows from the opening of the water quantity monitoring device.

[0021] In some embodiments, training the preset pollutant concentration model includes:

[0022] Collect historical drainage water quality data, time data, and preset pollutant concentration data of drainage units. Each set of training data uses water quality data and time data as input variables and preset pollutant concentration data as output variables.

[0023] For any set of the training data, a radial basis function transformation is performed with time data as a variable to generate multiple radial basis functions, wherein the multiple radial basis functions respectively correspond to multiple time points in a time period, and any radial basis function describes the distance between the time corresponding to the training data and the time point corresponding to the radial basis function;

[0024] Converting the water quality data of the training data into a normal distribution, and converting the preset pollutant concentration data of the training data into a normal distribution;

[0025] The preset pollutant concentration model is obtained through training based on the radial basis function corresponding to the training data, the normal distribution of the obtained water quality data, and the normal distribution of the preset pollutant concentration data.

[0026] In some embodiments, performing a radial basis function transformation on any set of training data with time data as a variable to generate multiple radial basis functions includes:

[0027] The multiple radial basis functions respectively correspond to multiple time points in a time period, and the multiple time points are evenly distributed in the time period.

[0028] In some embodiments, any of the radial basis functions describes a natural exponential function of a preset ratio, where the preset ratio is the square of the norm of the time difference between the time corresponding to the training data and the time point corresponding to the current radial basis function, and the ratio is negative to the square of a preset parameter, and the preset parameter is used to control the width of the radial basis function.

[0029] It can be seen from the above technical solution that the water quantity monitoring device provided by the present invention is used to monitor the water flow in a pipeline, including: a substrate, which is provided with an opening, and the substrate is vertically arranged when the water quantity monitoring device is arranged in the pipeline; an air bag, which is annular and arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the substrate, so that when the water quantity monitoring device is arranged in the pipeline, the air bag is inflated and fits against the inner wall of the pipeline, so that the substrate blocks the water flow in the pipeline and causes the water flow to overflow from the opening; a liquid level measuring device, which is provided on one side of the substrate and is used to measure the liquid level when the water flow overflows from the opening, so as to measure the water flow in the pipeline based on the liquid level. The beneficial effect of the present invention is that the water quantity monitoring device is provided in the pipeline, and a weir is formed in the pipeline by the substrate, and the opening provided in the substrate serves as a weir to control the water flow in the pipeline to flow through the weir, and by measuring the liquid level of the water flow overflowing from the weir, the water flow in the pipeline can be measured based on the liquid level, and the water flow in the pipeline with low liquid level and small water volume can be monitored.

[0030] The drainage characteristic monitoring system of the present invention can monitor the water flow, water quality and preset pollutant concentration of the drainage pipe of the drainage unit. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a water quantity monitoring device provided by an embodiment viewed from the front;

[0033] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The structural exploded diagram of the water quantity monitoring device shown;

[0034] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the water quantity monitoring device shown is viewed from the back;

[0035] Figure 4 A fitting diagram of a weir flow formula for a water volume monitoring device provided in one embodiment;

[0036] Figure 5 A flow coefficient fitting diagram of a weir flow formula for a water flow monitoring device provided in one embodiment;

[0037] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a drainage characteristic monitoring system provided by an embodiment;

[0038] Figure 7A schematic diagram of training a preset pollutant concentration model and using the model for prediction according to one embodiment;

[0039] Figure 8 This is a result diagram of predicting ammonia nitrogen concentration using physical indicators and water quality indicators in one embodiment;

[0040] Figure 9 This is a result diagram of predicting total phosphorus concentration using physical indicators and water quality indicators in one embodiment.

[0041] The reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include:

[0042] 1-air bag, 2-front plate, 3-bubble level, 4-flange, 5-connecting rod, 6-liquid level measuring device, 7-back plate, 8-middle plate, 9-groove, 10-cable, 11-trachea, 21-bolt, 22-first opening, 23-second opening, 24-third opening. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] This embodiment provides a water flow monitoring device for monitoring the water flow in a pipeline, comprising:

[0045] a base plate having an opening, wherein the base plate is arranged vertically when the water quantity monitoring device is arranged in the pipeline;

[0046] an annular airbag disposed on the outer circumference of the base plate, so that when the water level monitoring device is disposed in the pipe, the airbag is inflated and abuts against the inner wall of the pipe, so that the base plate blocks the water flow in the pipe and causes the water to overflow from the opening;

[0047] A liquid level measuring device is provided on one side of the substrate. The water flows from the side where the liquid level measuring device is located to the substrate. The liquid level measuring device is used to measure the liquid level when the water overflows from the opening, so as to measure the water flow in the pipeline according to the liquid level.

[0048] When the water volume monitoring device is set in the pipeline, the substrate is set vertically, and the annular airbag is set on the outer peripheral surface of the substrate. After the airbag is inflated, it fits with the inner wall of the pipeline, so that the substrate blocks the water flow in the pipeline, and the water overflows from the opening of the substrate. The liquid level when the water overflows from the opening can be measured by the liquid level measuring device. This water volume monitoring device forms a weir in the pipeline through the substrate, and the opening set in the substrate serves as the weir to control the flow of water in the pipeline. Based on the hydraulic characteristics of the water when it flows through the weir, by measuring the liquid level when the water overflows from the weir, the water flow in the pipeline can be measured according to the liquid level, which can realize the monitoring of the water flow in the pipeline and can monitor the water flow in the pipeline with low liquid level and small water volume.

[0049] In some embodiments, the cross-sectional shape of the substrate matches the cross-sectional shape of the pipe, so that the substrate can be adaptively arranged in the pipe. Exemplarily, the pipe is a circular pipe and the substrate is a circular substrate. If the pipe is a square pipe, a square substrate can be used.

[0050] In some embodiments, the opening of the substrate includes a first side and a second side that intersect each other. When the water volume monitoring device is set in the pipeline, the intersection of the first side and the second side is located at the lowest point of the opening. The opening of the substrate forms a triangular weir. The triangular weir can cause a small change in water flow to cause a large change in liquid level, which is more accurate for monitoring water flow in pipelines with low liquid level and small water volume. The substrate forms a triangular opening weir plate. For example, reference can be made to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a water volume monitoring device provided by an embodiment, viewed from the front. Figure 2 for Figure 1 The exploded view of the water level monitoring device is shown. As shown, the base plate has an opening, with a first side and a second side intersecting. When the water level monitoring device is installed in a pipe, the intersection of the first and second sides is at the lowest point of the opening. An airbag 1 is provided on the outer circumference of the base plate. When the water level monitoring device is installed in the pipe, the airbag 1 is inflated and expands, tightly fitting against the inner wall of the pipe to achieve a sealing effect. The airbag 1 can be considered a sealing ring.

[0051] In some embodiments, the airbag 1 is provided with a hole for inflating the airbag 1. Before the water level monitoring device is placed in the pipeline or when it is removed from the pipeline, the airbag 1 can be deflated, making it easier to place or remove. After the water level monitoring device is placed in the pipeline, the airbag 1 is inflated, causing it to expand and fit tightly against the inner wall of the pipeline. In some embodiments, the airbag 1 is provided with an air tube 11 connected to the airbag 1. Air is inflated into the airbag 1 through the air tube 11. An air pump can be connected to the air tube 11 to inflate the airbag 1.

[0052] In some embodiments, the outer peripheral surface of the substrate is provided with a groove arranged along the circumference of the substrate, and the airbag 1 is arranged in the groove, which helps to improve the stability and sealing of the connection between the airbag 1 and the substrate.

[0053] In some embodiments, the substrate includes a front plate 2, a middle plate 8, and a back plate 7 stacked in sequence. The front plate 2 is provided with a first opening 22, the middle plate 8 is provided with a second opening 23, and the back plate 7 is provided with a third opening 24. The first opening 22, the second opening 23, and the third opening 24 are positioned correspondingly to form the opening. The stacked multilayer substrate can enhance its structural strength and facilitate flexibility in structural design.

[0054] In some embodiments, the first opening 22 may include an intersecting first side and a second side, the second opening 23 may be larger than the first opening 22, the third opening 24 may be larger than the first opening 22, the projection of the first side of the first opening 22 along the axial direction of the first opening 22 may be located within the second opening 23 and the third opening 24, and the projection of the second side of the first opening 22 along the axial direction of the first opening 22 may be located within the second opening 23 and the third opening 24. When the water level monitoring device is installed in the pipeline, the intersection of the first side and the second side of the first opening 22 may be located at the lowest point of the first opening 22.

[0055] In some embodiments, a groove 9 is provided on the outer circumference of the middle plate 8 along the circumference of the middle plate 8, and the airbag 1 is provided in the groove 9. The middle plate 8 is in the middle layer of the base plate, and the airbag 1 is provided on the outer circumference of the middle plate 8, which helps to improve the stability of the connection between the airbag 1 and the base plate. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the front plate 2, middle plate 8, and back plate 7 are stacked in sequence. A groove 9 is provided on the outer periphery of the middle plate 8, extending along its circumference. The airbag 1 can be inserted into the groove 9. In this embodiment, the materials of the front plate 2, middle plate 8, and back plate 7 are not limited. In practical applications, the materials can be selected based on requirements for structural strength, ease of processing, or processing cost. The front plate 2 can be, but is not limited to, a stainless steel front plate; the middle plate 8 can be, but is not limited to, an acrylic plate; and the back plate 7 can be, but is not limited to, a stainless steel back plate.

[0056] In some embodiments, the substrate includes a front plate 2, a middle plate 8, and a back plate 7 stacked in sequence. The front plate 2 is provided with a first opening 22, the middle plate 8 is provided with a second opening 23, and the back plate 7 is provided with a third opening 24. The first opening 22, the second opening 23, and the third opening 24 are positioned correspondingly to form the openings. When the water volume monitoring device is provided in the pipeline, the lowest point of the second opening 23 is lower than the lowest point of the first opening 22, and the lowest point of the third opening is lower than the lowest point of the first opening 22. The liquid level measuring device 6 can be provided at the second opening 23 or the third opening 24. For example, reference can be made to Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 for Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the water quantity monitoring device shown is viewed from the back, in which the liquid level measuring device 6 is arranged on the opening of the middle plate 8 and is connected to a cable 10.

[0057] In some embodiments, the liquid level measuring device 6 may employ, but is not limited to, a pressure-type liquid level measuring device. A pressure-type liquid level measuring device employs the principle of static pressure measurement. When a sensor is lowered to a certain depth in the liquid being measured, the sensor is subjected to pressure on the liquid surface. At the same time, the liquid pressure is introduced into the sensor's positive pressure chamber via an air guide. The atmospheric pressure Po on the liquid surface is then connected to the sensor's negative pressure chamber to offset the atmospheric pressure on the back of the sensor. This allows the sensor to measure a pressure of: ρ·g·H, where ρ represents the density of the liquid and g represents the acceleration due to gravity. By measuring the pressure P, the liquid level depth H can be obtained. In some embodiments, the sensor may employ a silicon sensitive element or a ceramic capacitor pressure sensitive sensor to convert the static pressure into an electrical signal, which is then converted into a standard electrical signal (typically 4-20 mA / 1-5 VDC) through temperature compensation and linearity correction.

[0058] In some embodiments, the water level monitoring device may further include: a bubble level 3, which is provided on the substrate, and the horizontal plane of the bubble level 3 is perpendicular to the side of the substrate. When the water level monitoring device is arranged in the pipeline, the position and posture of the water level monitoring device can be adjusted according to the bubble level 3. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the bubble level 3 is arranged on the front plate 2 , and the horizontal plane of the bubble level 3 is perpendicular to the front plate 2 .

[0059] In some embodiments, the water level monitoring device may further include a connecting rod 5 having one end connected to the base plate and the other end extending to connect to an external fixed portion. When the water level monitoring device is placed in a pipeline, the other end of the connecting rod 5 extends to connect to an external fixed portion, thereby securing the water level monitoring device in the pipeline.

[0060] In some embodiments, the water volume monitoring device may further include a flange 4 for connecting the base plate and the connecting rod 5. Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, one end of the connecting rod 5 is inserted into the flange 4 to connect the front plate 2 and the middle plate 8. The other end is bent and extended backward, and the other end can be fixed to a wall, such as the wall of a manhole. The connecting rod 5 can be tubular, forming a circular tube bracket. In some embodiments, the front plate 2, back plate 7, and middle plate 8 are each provided with a screw hole, and bolts 21 can be inserted through the screw holes of the front plate 2, middle plate 8, and back plate 7 to securely connect the three.

[0061] In some embodiments, the water level monitoring device may further include a communication device connected to the liquid level measuring device 6 for transmitting the liquid level data obtained by the liquid level measuring device 6. The liquid level measuring device 6 may be connected to the communication device via a cable 10 at its end, transmitting the obtained liquid level data to the communication device. The communication device may be, but is not limited to, a 4G communication device, providing the water level monitoring device with remote communication capabilities.

[0062] In some embodiments, based on the liquid level data measured by the water flow monitoring device, the water flow rate in the pipeline can be calculated according to the following formula:

[0063] ;

[0064] Wherein, Q represents the water flow rate, μ represents the flow coefficient, θ represents the opening angle of the water volume monitoring device, g represents the acceleration of gravity, and H represents the liquid level relative to the lowest point of the opening when the water overflows from the opening.

[0065] In some embodiments, the opening of the substrate of the water quantity monitoring device includes a first side and a second side that intersect, and when the water quantity monitoring device is disposed in a pipe, the intersection of the first side and the second side is located at the lowest point of the opening, and θ represents the angle at which the first side and the second side of the opening of the substrate of the water quantity monitoring device intersect. Exemplarily, the opening of the substrate of the water quantity monitoring device is a right-angle opening, and θ is 90°. In some embodiments, the liquid level measured by the liquid level measuring device 6 of the water quantity monitoring device is the liquid level relative to the position of the liquid level measuring device when water overflows from the opening. In this embodiment, it is necessary to subtract the zero level from the liquid level measured by the liquid level measuring device 6 to obtain the liquid level relative to the lowest point of the opening when water overflows from the opening.

[0066] In some embodiments, the flow coefficient μ can be calibrated by experiments using a water quantity monitoring device, and can be calibrated by experiments before the water quantity monitoring device is installed in the pipeline. Figure 4 and Figure 5 , Figure 4 This is a fitting diagram of a weir flow formula for a water volume monitoring device provided in one embodiment. Figure 4 The horizontal axis represents the liquid level and the vertical axis represents the water flow rate. Figure 5 A flow coefficient fitting diagram of a weir flow formula for a water flow monitoring device provided in one embodiment is shown. Figure 5 The horizontal axis represents the liquid level and the vertical axis represents the flow coefficient.

[0067] In one specific embodiment, the water volume monitoring device is suitable for use in a circular pipe. The diameters of the front and back plates 2 and 7 are approximately 1 cm smaller than the pipe diameter to facilitate on-site installation. The diameter of the middle plate 8 is 4 cm smaller than the diameters of the front and back plates 7. A groove with a width and depth of 2 cm is provided on the outer circumference of the middle plate 8 to accommodate an annular sealing ring (or an annular airbag) with a cross-sectional dimension of 20 × 20 mm. The front, back, and middle plates 2, 7, and 8 are secured together using ten bolts 21.

[0068] This embodiment also provides a drainage characteristic monitoring system, including:

[0069] The water level monitoring device described in any of the above embodiments is arranged in a drainage pipe and is used to transmit the measured liquid level data to a processing system;

[0070] a water quality monitoring device, disposed in the drainage pipe, for acquiring water quality data of water flowing in the drainage pipe and transmitting the water quality data to the processing system;

[0071] The processing system is communicatively connected to the water quantity monitoring device and the water quality monitoring device respectively, and is used to obtain the water flow in the drainage pipe based on the liquid level data, and to calculate the preset pollutant concentration of the water flow in the drainage pipe using a preset pollutant concentration model based on the water quality data and the time data corresponding to the water quality data.

[0072] Water quality data of a water flow refers to data reflecting the properties of the water flow. Time data corresponding to the water quality data refers to data related to the time when the water quality data is obtained for the water flow in the drainage pipe.

[0073] The processing system can determine the water flow rate within the drainage pipe based on the liquid level data measured by the water quantity monitoring device, and can determine the preset pollutant concentration of the water flowing within the drainage pipe based on the water quality data measured by the water quality monitoring device. Therefore, the drainage characteristic monitoring system of this embodiment can monitor the water flow rate, water quality, and preset pollutant concentration of the drainage pipe of the drainage unit.

[0074] In some embodiments, the processing system is configured to obtain the water flow rate in the drainage pipe according to the liquid level data, including: calculating the water flow rate in the drainage pipe according to the following formula:

[0075] ;

[0076] Wherein, Q represents the water flow rate, μ represents the flow coefficient, θ represents the opening angle of the water quantity monitoring device, g represents the acceleration of gravity, and H represents the liquid level relative to the lowest point of the opening when the water overflows from the opening of the water quantity monitoring device.

[0077] In some embodiments, the opening of the substrate of the water quantity monitoring device includes a first side and a second side that intersect, and when the water quantity monitoring device is disposed in a pipe, the intersection of the first side and the second side is located at the lowest point of the opening, and θ represents the angle at which the first side and the second side of the opening of the substrate of the water quantity monitoring device intersect. Exemplarily, the opening of the substrate of the water quantity monitoring device is a right-angle opening, and θ is 90°. In some embodiments, the liquid level measured by the liquid level measuring device 6 of the water quantity monitoring device is the liquid level relative to the position of the liquid level measuring device 6 when water overflows from the opening. In this embodiment, it is necessary to subtract the zero level from the liquid level measured by the liquid level measuring device 6 to obtain the liquid level relative to the lowest point of the opening when water overflows from the opening.

[0078] In this embodiment, the specific content of the water quality data is not limited. In actual applications, it can be set based on the water quality monitoring requirements of the drainage unit discharge water or the impact of preset pollutants in the discharge water on the water quality. In some embodiments, water quality data includes but is not limited to conductivity, pH, water temperature, suspended matter concentration, or suspended matter particle size. Accordingly, water quality monitoring devices include but are not limited to conductivity meters, pH meters, suspended matter detectors, or thermometers.

[0079] In some embodiments, the water quality monitoring device may include a recording module for recording water quality data acquired by the water quality monitoring device. In some embodiments, the water quality monitoring device may include a communication device for transmitting the acquired water quality data, thereby providing the water quality monitoring device with remote communication capabilities. The communication device may transmit the water quality data to a processing system. The recording module may be, but is not limited to, a recorder, and the communication device may be, but is not limited to, a 4G communication device. The recorder may be connected to the communication device via a cable.

[0080] For example, you can refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a drainage characteristic monitoring system provided by one embodiment. As shown, water quantity monitoring is achieved by measuring liquid level data using a water quantity monitoring device, and water quality monitoring is achieved using a water quality monitoring device. The processing system, which comprises the intelligent computing component, calculates both water flow and water quality, including preset pollutant concentrations.

[0081] In some embodiments, the water quantity monitoring device may include: a connecting rod 5, one end of which is connected to the base plate, and the other end of which extends to connect to an external fixed part. When the water quantity monitoring device is set in the drainage pipe, the other end of the connecting rod 5 extends to connect to an external fixed part to fix the water quantity monitoring device in the drainage pipe. The water quality monitoring device can be connected to the connecting rod 5 to arrange the water quality monitoring device in the drainage pipe. Exemplarily, the water quality monitoring device is fixed to the bottom end of the connecting rod 5 by a cable tie, placed at the bottom of the pipe and immersed in the water flow. The water quality monitoring device is connected to the recorder via a tail cable, and the recorder is powered and records and uploads data.

[0082] In some embodiments, time data includes, but is not limited to, time described in hours, minutes, and seconds, dates described in years, months, and days, or holidays.

[0083] In this embodiment, the preset pollutants are not limited and can be set according to the drainage characteristics monitoring requirements of the drainage unit in actual applications. In some embodiments, the preset pollutants include but are not limited to ammonia nitrogen or total phosphorus.

[0084] In some embodiments, training the preset pollutant concentration model may include the following steps:

[0085] S11: Collect water quality data, time data, and preset pollutant concentration data of historical drainage of the drainage unit. Each set of training data uses water quality data and time data as input variables and preset pollutant concentration data as output variables.

[0086] S12: For any set of the training data, performing a radial basis function transformation with time data as a variable to generate multiple radial basis functions, wherein the multiple radial basis functions respectively correspond to multiple time points in a time period, and any radial basis function describes the distance between the time corresponding to the training data and the time point corresponding to the radial basis function;

[0087] S13: converting the water quality data of the training data into a normal distribution, and converting the preset pollutant concentration data of the training data into a normal distribution;

[0088] S14: According to the radial basis function corresponding to the training data, the normal distribution of the obtained water quality data, and the normal distribution of the preset pollutant concentration data, the preset pollutant concentration model is trained to obtain the preset pollutant concentration model.

[0089] Any radial basis function corresponds to a time point in a time period. For any set of training data, multiple radial basis functions are generated. In this embodiment, a radial basis function transformation is performed on the training data using time data as a variable. This captures the time-dependent cyclical nature of the water quality data and the preset pollutant concentrations of the drainage unit's discharge water. A preset pollutant concentration model based on the combined time and water quality data is trained and established to predict and monitor the preset pollutant concentrations of the drainage unit's discharge water. The radial basis function transformation preserves the periodicity and continuity of the time variable, improving the accuracy of model predictions.

[0090] In some embodiments, for any set of training data, a radial basis function transformation is performed with time data as a variable, and multiple radial basis functions are generated, including: the multiple radial basis functions correspond to multiple time points in a time period, and the multiple time points are evenly distributed in the time period. In this way, a radial basis function transformation is performed with time data as a variable for each set of training data, and multiple radial basis functions correspond to multiple time points evenly distributed in a time period, which can better reflect the cyclical and periodic nature of time. A time period includes but is not limited to one day, one week, or one month. Exemplarily, a time period is one day, and the multiple radial basis functions generated correspond to 12 time points in one day, with one time point taken every 2 hours.

[0091] In some embodiments, any of the radial basis functions describes a natural exponential function with a preset ratio, where the preset ratio is the negative value of the square of the norm of the time difference between the time corresponding to the training data and the time point corresponding to the radial basis function, and the square of a preset parameter, where the preset parameter is used to control the width of the radial basis function. For example, the radial basis function can be expressed as:

[0092] ;

[0093] Where x represents the time corresponding to the training data, and c represents the time point corresponding to the radial basis function, which can be considered the center point of the radial basis function. σ represents the preset parameter, which is used to control the width of the radial basis function and determines the speed at which the function value decays. 2 represents the norm operation, ||xc|| 2 Represents the square of the norm of the vector xc. Radial basis functions are a powerful feature processing tool suitable for handling periodic numerical features. They expand a single numerical feature into multiple features by applying a series of basis functions (typically sine or cosine functions). This method is particularly useful for handling periodic data, such as seasonal patterns in time series data.

[0094] In some embodiments, converting the water quality data of the training data into a normal distribution includes: calculating the mean and variance of the water quality data of multiple groups of training data, and obtaining the normal distribution of the water quality data according to the mean and standard deviation of the water quality data.

[0095] In some embodiments, converting the preset pollutant concentration data of the training data into a normal distribution includes: calculating the mean and variance of the preset pollutant concentration data of multiple groups of training data, and obtaining the normal distribution of the preset pollutant concentration data based on the mean and standard deviation of the preset pollutant concentration data.

[0096] For example, converting the data in the training data into a normal distribution can be expressed as:

[0097] X*=(X-μ´) / σ´;

[0098] Among them, μ´ represents the mean, σ´ represents the standard deviation, X represents the original data, and X* represents the standardized data.

[0099] In some embodiments, the processing system is used to calculate the preset pollutant concentration of the water flow in the drainage pipe using a preset pollutant concentration model based on the water quality data and the time data corresponding to the water quality data, including: the processing system is used to calculate the preset pollutant concentration of the water flow in the drainage pipe using a preset pollutant concentration model based on the water quality data, the time data corresponding to the water quality data, and the environmental data corresponding to the water quality data. The environmental data corresponding to the water quality data refers to the data about the environment of the geographical location of the drainage pipe when the water quality data is obtained for the water flow in the drainage pipe. In some embodiments, the environmental data includes but is not limited to air temperature or water supply. For example, the water supply refers to the water supply to the area where the drainage pipe is located. The area is the area where the drainage pipe is located, which can be monitored by a water meter or provided by a water supply unit.

[0100] Accordingly, training the preset pollutant concentration model may include the following steps:

[0101] S21: Collect water quality data, time data, environmental data, and preset pollutant concentration data of historical drainage of the drainage unit. Each set of training data uses water quality data, time data, and environmental data as input variables and preset pollutant concentration data as output variables.

[0102] S22: For any set of the training data, performing a radial basis function transformation with time data as a variable to generate multiple radial basis functions, wherein the multiple radial basis functions respectively correspond to multiple time points in a time period, and any radial basis function describes the distance between the time corresponding to the training data and the time point corresponding to the radial basis function;

[0103] S23: converting the water quality data of the training data into a normal distribution, converting the environmental data of the training data into a normal distribution, and converting the preset pollutant concentration data of the training data into a normal distribution;

[0104] S24: According to the radial basis function corresponding to the training data and the obtained normal distribution of the water quality data, the normal distribution of the environmental data, and the normal distribution of the preset pollutant concentration data, the preset pollutant concentration model is trained to obtain the preset pollutant concentration model.

[0105] In this embodiment, radial basis function transformation is performed on the training data with time data as the variable to capture the water quality data of the drainage unit discharge water, the environmental data of the geographical location of the drainage pipe and the cyclical properties of the preset pollutant concentration over time. A preset pollutant concentration model based on the combination of time data, water quality data and environmental data is trained and established to realize the prediction and monitoring of the preset pollutant concentration of the drainage unit discharge water. The use of radial basis function transformation can retain the periodicity and continuity of the time variable and improve the accuracy of the prediction using the model.

[0106] In some embodiments, obtaining the preset pollutant concentration model through training according to the training data includes: training a learner in an iterative manner according to the training data, in a first iteration, updating the initial learner according to the gradient information so as to reduce the value of the loss function, and using the updated learner as the learner obtained in this iteration; in each iteration after the first iteration, updating the learner obtained in the previous iteration according to the gradient information so as to reduce the value of the loss function, and using the updated learner as the learner obtained in this iteration; stopping the iteration when the iteration stopping condition is met, and obtaining the preset pollutant concentration model according to the learners obtained in each iteration.

[0107] The initial learner can be considered a weak learner. Through multiple iterations, the errors of the previous learner are corrected in each iteration, and the residual of the previous learner is corrected to obtain a stronger learner. In some embodiments, obtaining a preset pollutant concentration model based on the learners obtained in each iteration may include: the preset pollutant concentration model is the sum of the learners obtained in each iteration. For example, the preset pollutant concentration model can be expressed as: ,in, Indicates the preset pollutant concentration, f k (x) represents the learner obtained in the kth iteration, x represents the input of the learner, and n represents a total of n learners obtained. In some embodiments, the learner can be a decision tree.

[0108] In a specific example, reference may be made to Figure 7 , Figure 7 A schematic diagram of training a preset pollutant concentration model and using the model for prediction in one embodiment. The training model includes:

[0109] Step 1, data collection: Collect sewage discharge water quality and quantity data for at least 15 days from the same type of drainage households;

[0110] Step 2, data division: Divide the collected water quality index data and physical index data into input variables: physical indicators (time, water supply during the period, temperature, date, holidays) and simple water quality indicators (conductivity, pH, suspended solids concentration SS, water temperature), output variables (ammonia nitrogen concentration, total phosphorus concentration), and the ratio of training set to test set is 7:3.

[0111] Step 3, radial basis function transformation of time variables: Perform radial basis function transformation on the time variables to generate 12 basis functions, corresponding to 12 time points in a day (2 hours as one time point). Each basis function can measure the distance from the input time to that time point. The radial basis function transformation can preserve the periodicity and continuity of the time variables and improve the accuracy of the model.

[0112] Step 4, standardization: Calculate the mean and variance of the training data, and transform the training data based on the calculated mean and variance to convert the data into a standard normal distribution.

[0113] Step 5: Training and testing the model: The trained model can be represented as an XGBoost model.

[0114] The XGBoost algorithm was used for model training to establish a joint prediction model based on physical and water quality indicators. This model was coupled with a radial basis function model using historical data. The quality and quantity of wastewater discharged from drainage units are closely related to physical indicators such as time, water supply per period, air temperature, date, holidays, and simpler water quality indicators such as conductivity, pH, suspended solids concentration (SS), and water temperature. However, these relationships are complex and cannot be expressed using general mathematical formulas. XGBoost (eXtreme Gradient Boosting) is an algorithm based on gradient boosting decision trees. It incorporates multiple optimizations based on gradient boosting, resulting in significant improvements in speed and performance. It works by calculating the residuals of the current model, constructing a new decision tree, adding the new tree to the current model, and adjusting its weights. This process is repeated multiple times until model performance no longer improves significantly. XGBoost excels at handling nonlinear data. Through its decision tree structure, gradient boosting mechanism, parameter adjustment, and regularization, XGBoost can effectively capture and fit complex nonlinear relationships and solve nonlinear problems.

[0115] For example, reference may be made to Figure 8 and Figure 9 , Figure 8This is a result diagram of predicting ammonia nitrogen concentration using physical indicators and water quality indicators in one embodiment. The horizontal axis represents the number of nodes, which means the number of time points. The vertical axis represents the ammonia nitrogen concentration. The true value represents the actual measured ammonia nitrogen concentration value, and the predicted value represents the ammonia nitrogen concentration value calculated using the ammonia nitrogen concentration model. The goodness of fit R 2 It is 0.93. Figure 9 This is a result diagram of predicting total phosphorus concentration using physical indicators and water quality indicators in one embodiment. The horizontal axis represents the number of nodes, the vertical axis represents the total phosphorus concentration, the true value represents the actual measured total phosphorus concentration value, and the predicted value represents the total phosphorus concentration value calculated using the total phosphorus concentration model. The goodness of fit R 2 is 0.9.

[0116] The drainage characteristic monitoring system in this embodiment calculates sewage pollutant concentrations (ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus) based on multi-source water quality data. This system innovatively employs a triangular weir structure for long-term flow measurement in municipal pipelines. It uses easily measurable multi-source water quality indicators combined with machine learning algorithms for online monitoring of pollutant indicators. This system addresses the difficulty and high cost of online remote monitoring of water quantity and quality in sewage pipelines. Real-time monitoring of sewage quantity and quality can help identify pipe leaks and mixed rainwater and sewage connections within drainage households, enabling monitoring of total pollutant emissions by drainage households and facilitating management by water utilities.

[0117] The drainage characteristic monitoring system of this embodiment monitors the sewage discharge volume and quality of the drainage unit in real time in a low-cost and high-precision manner, thereby realizing the prediction of the total amount of pollutant emissions from the drainage unit. It can help identify problems such as pipe network leakage and mixed connection of rainwater and sewage within the drainage households, and can also serve as basic data to assist sewage pipe network modeling and external water diagnosis.

[0118] The above is a detailed introduction to a water volume monitoring device and a drainage characteristic monitoring system provided by the present invention. Specific examples are used herein to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core idea. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, without departing from the principles of the present invention, the present invention can also be improved and modified in a number of ways, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water flow monitoring device for monitoring water flow in a pipeline, characterized in that: include: a base plate having an opening, wherein the base plate is arranged vertically when the water quantity monitoring device is arranged in the pipeline; an annular airbag disposed on the outer circumference of the base plate, so that when the water level monitoring device is disposed in the pipe, the airbag is inflated and abuts against the inner wall of the pipe, so that the base plate blocks the water flow in the pipe and causes the water to overflow from the opening; A liquid level measuring device is provided on one side of the substrate. The water flows from the side where the liquid level measuring device is located to the substrate. The liquid level measuring device is used to measure the liquid level when the water overflows from the opening, so as to measure the water flow in the pipeline according to the liquid level.

2. The water volume monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer peripheral surface of the substrate is provided with a groove arranged along the circumference of the substrate, and the airbag is arranged in the groove.

3. The water volume monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The substrate includes a front plate, a middle plate and a back plate stacked in sequence, the front plate is provided with a first opening, the middle plate is provided with a second opening, and the back plate is provided with a third opening. The first opening, the second opening and the third opening are positioned correspondingly to form the opening, and a groove is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the middle plate along the circumference of the middle plate, and the airbag is arranged in the groove.

4. The water volume monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The substrate includes a front plate, a middle plate and a back plate stacked in sequence, the front plate is provided with a first opening, the middle plate is provided with a second opening, and the back plate is provided with a third opening. The first opening, the second opening and the third opening are positioned correspondingly to form the opening. When the water volume monitoring device is arranged in the pipeline, the lowest point of the second opening is lower than the lowest point of the first opening, and the lowest point of the third opening is lower than the lowest point of the first opening. The liquid level measuring device is arranged at the second opening or the third opening.

5. The water volume monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: Also includes: A connecting rod has one end connected to the base plate and the other end extending out to connect to an external fixed part.

6. A drainage characteristic monitoring system, characterized in that: include: The water level monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, arranged in a drainage pipe, for transmitting measured liquid level data to a processing system; a water quality monitoring device, disposed in the drainage pipe, for acquiring water quality data of water flowing in the drainage pipe and transmitting the water quality data to the processing system; The processing system is communicatively connected to the water quantity monitoring device and the water quality monitoring device respectively, and is used to obtain the water flow in the drainage pipe based on the liquid level data, and to calculate the preset pollutant concentration of the water flow in the drainage pipe using a preset pollutant concentration model based on the water quality data and the time data corresponding to the water quality data.

7. The drainage characteristic monitoring system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The processing system is used to obtain the water flow in the drainage pipe according to the liquid level data, including: calculating the water flow in the drainage pipe according to the following formula: ； Wherein, Q represents the water flow rate, μ represents the flow coefficient, θ represents the opening angle of the water quantity monitoring device, g represents the acceleration of gravity, and H represents the liquid level relative to the lowest point of the opening when the water overflows from the opening of the water quantity monitoring device.

8. The drainage characteristic monitoring system according to claim 6, characterized in that: Training the preset pollutant concentration model includes: Collect historical drainage water quality data, time data, and preset pollutant concentration data of drainage units. Each set of training data uses water quality data and time data as input variables and preset pollutant concentration data as output variables. For any set of the training data, a radial basis function transformation is performed with time data as a variable to generate multiple radial basis functions, wherein the multiple radial basis functions respectively correspond to multiple time points in a time period, and any radial basis function describes the distance between the time corresponding to the training data and the time point corresponding to the radial basis function; Converting the water quality data of the training data into a normal distribution, and converting the preset pollutant concentration data of the training data into a normal distribution; The preset pollutant concentration model is obtained through training based on the radial basis function corresponding to the training data, the normal distribution of the obtained water quality data, and the normal distribution of the preset pollutant concentration data.

9. The drainage characteristic monitoring system according to claim 8, characterized in that: For any set of the training data, radial basis function transformation is performed with time data as a variable to generate multiple radial basis functions including: The multiple radial basis functions respectively correspond to multiple time points in a time period, and the multiple time points are evenly distributed in the time period.

10. The drainage characteristic monitoring system according to claim 8, characterized in that: Any of the radial basis functions describes a natural exponential function of a preset ratio, where the preset ratio is the square of the norm of the time difference between the time corresponding to the training data and the time point corresponding to the radial basis function, and the ratio is negative to the square of a preset parameter, and the preset parameter is used to control the width of the radial basis function.

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