Wave flow flume test device and method for impact of isolated waves on deep and far sea wind power jacket foundation structure

Abstract

The invention relates to a wave flow water tank test device and method for impact of a solitary wave on a deep sea wind power jacket foundation structure, and the device comprises a water tank, a solitary wave generation device, a wave dissipation grid, a wave height meter, a pressure sensor, a high-speed camera, a jacket foundation model, a cement platform base, and a data collection device. The solitary wave generating device is arranged in the front-end concrete section, the jacket foundation model is installed in the middle test section through the cement platform base, the wave dissipation grid is arranged in the rear-end concrete section, and a plurality of wave height meters are arranged on the front side of the jacket foundation model and used for monitoring the wave height of the head wave face of a jacket. A plurality of pressure sensors are uniformly arranged on the jacket basic model and are used for measuring the wave force borne by the local structure of the jacket; the wave height meters and the pressure sensors are electrically connected with the data acquisition device. The device and the method can effectively simulate and measure the impact effect of different forms of solitary waves on the deep and far sea wind power jacket model.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of marine engineering test technology, and in particular to a wave and current flume test device and method for a solitary wave impacting a deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation structure. Background Art

[0002] As the core supporting structure for deep-sea wind power development, the jacket foundation of deep-sea wind turbines not only carries the dual functions of transmitting loads from large wind turbine systems and resisting marine environmental loads, but also holds significant strategic value in improving the efficiency of deep-sea renewable energy development, ensuring the structural safety of offshore wind power projects, and promoting the sustainable development of the marine clean energy industry. In recent years, as deep-sea resource development expands into deeper waters, the environmental loads facing jacket structures have become increasingly complex. The impact of solitary waves is a major cause of structural fatigue damage and even failure. Due to the combined effects of deep-sea topography, nonlinear wave propagation characteristics, and long-period wave sources such as swells, waves can evolve into single-peaked, high-amplitude, structurally stable solitary waves during propagation. Compared to periodic regular or random waves, solitary waves acting on jacket structures are more likely to induce high stress concentrations in local components, especially at the moment of wave crest impact. This can lead to cracks, deformation, or other types of localized structural damage at joints and welds, posing a potential threat to the safety of offshore platforms.

[0003] Currently available wave impact test equipment is mostly designed for shallow-water environments, primarily simulating the load effects of regular waves or single-form breaking waves on the overall structure of the jacket. This makes it difficult to reproduce the dynamic evolution of solitary waves in deep-sea environments and their impact characteristics on local structures. In existing technologies, test equipment lacks the ability to precisely control the multi-phase and multi-form nature of solitary waves, and the sensor layout is limited to overall force measurement, making it impossible to capture the transient pressure distribution at key locations such as jacket legs and nodes. This results in significant deviations between test data and actual operating conditions, making it difficult to guide the optimized impact resistance design of deep-sea wind turbine jackets. In particular, under extreme wave conditions, the assessment of structural safety redundancy is subject to significant uncertainty. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a wave and current flume test device and method for solitary wave impact on deep-sea wind turbine conduit foundation structure, which can effectively simulate and measure the impact of solitary waves of different forms on deep-sea wind turbine conduit models.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a wave and current water tank test device for solitary wave impact on the deep-sea wind power conductor frame foundation structure, including a water tank, a solitary wave generating device, a wave-breaking grid, a wave height meter, a pressure sensor, a high-speed camera, a deep-sea wind power conductor frame foundation model, a cement platform base and a data acquisition device. The water tank is divided into a front concrete section, a middle test section and a rear concrete section from front to back. The solitary wave generating device is arranged in the front concrete section. The deep-sea wind power conductor frame foundation model is installed in the middle test section through the cement platform base. The wave-breaking grid is arranged in the rear concrete section. Several wave height meters are arranged on the front side of the deep-sea wind power conductor frame foundation model for monitoring the wave height on the wave-facing surface of the conductor frame. Multiple pressure sensors are evenly arranged on the deep-sea wind power conductor frame foundation model for measuring the wave force exerted on the local structure of the conductor frame; each wave height meter and pressure sensor is electrically connected to the data acquisition device respectively.

[0006] Furthermore, the deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation model is fixedly connected to the cement platform base, and the central axis of the deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation model coincides with the central axis of the platform base.

[0007] Furthermore, the deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation model is formed by vacuum infusion of glass fiber reinforced plastic composite materials, and consists of four jacket legs, a jacket connection node, a jacket platform and a wind turbine model.

[0008] Furthermore, a plurality of pressure sensors are evenly arranged on the wave-facing pile legs, jacket connection nodes and jacket platform of the deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation model to measure the wave forces acting on the local structure of the jacket.

[0009] Furthermore, measuring holes are set at intervals on the wave-facing pile legs, the jacket connection nodes and the jacket platform, and the pressure sensors are embedded in the measuring holes after being waterproof packaged and electrically connected to the data acquisition device through wires.

[0010] Furthermore, it includes two wave height meters, which are vertically arranged 2m in front of the wave-facing side and 3m in front of the side of the deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation model to monitor the wave height on the wave-facing side of the jacket; the two wave height meters are fixedly installed under the top bracket of the water tank.

[0011] Furthermore, the high-speed camera is arranged outside the water tank and facing the deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation model. The side wall of the middle test section is provided with a transparent pressure-resistant observation window, and the rest is a flow-induced vibration-resistant concrete structure.

[0012] Furthermore, the wave-breaking grid adopts a variable-angle multi-stage energy dissipation structure, which is composed of multiple layers of honeycomb perforated plates arranged at 45°. A 20 cm wide multi-directional flow channel is formed between adjacent perforated plates. The pore size is distributed in a bidirectional gradient of sparse in front and dense in the back, and wave-breaking materials are poured into the pores.

[0013] The present invention also provides a wave and current flume test method for a solitary wave impacting a deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation structure, comprising the following steps: Step S1: Based on the actual deep-sea terrain parameters and the jacket structure dimensions, the Froude similarity criterion is used to perform a scale ratio design, and a deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation model, a cement platform base, and a water tank model are manufactured; Step S2: Installing the solitary wave generating device on the front concrete section of the water tank, installing the deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation model on the middle test section of the water tank through the cement platform base, and installing the wave-breaking grid on the rear concrete section of the water tank; Step S3: Define three typical action modes during the solitary wave impact process: F1 mode (pre-impact approach state) occurs when the solitary wave crest gradually approaches the jacket structure, the water velocity increases, and direct contact has not yet occurred; F2 mode (peak impact state) occurs when the solitary wave crest directly impacts the jacket structure, the instantaneous pressure increases significantly, and a short-term strong nonlinear coupling occurs; F3 mode (return recovery state) occurs when the solitary wave body enters the attenuation process after passing through the jacket structure, and local backflow and vortex appear. Use a high-speed camera to record the entire process of the solitary wave impacting the jacket. Through frame-by-frame image analysis, identify and mark the spatiotemporal positions of the above three modes as key reference points for data collection and analysis. Step S4: The solitary wave generating device is used to control the amplitude and characteristic wavelength parameters to generate a strong nonlinear solitary wave with a stable waveform, a single peak, and no deformation during propagation, so as to simulate the nonlinear interaction process between the solitary wave and the deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation; Step S5: Install a wave height meter on the front side of the deep sea wind turbine jacket foundation model and adjust the position of the wave height meter; install various pressure sensors on the deep sea wind turbine jacket foundation model; Step S6: After the wave height meter and pressure sensor are turned on, wave generation is started to record the wave height and wave pressure of different forms of solitary waves impacting the deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation structure; Step S7: collecting wave heights through a wave height meter and collecting local pressure data of the deep-sea wind turbine jacket model through a pressure sensor, and then transmitting them to a data acquisition device respectively; Step S8: Change the parameters of the solitary wave generating device in step S4, and repeat steps S5-S7 until the simulation of solitary waves impacting the deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation structure under all different wave heights, water depths, and wave periods is completed. Multiple sets of test data are collected and input into the computer. After noise reduction processing, the dynamic response characteristics of the prototype structure under the action of deep-sea solitary waves are obtained through inversion using the similarity criterion.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The wave height meter and pressure sensor can accurately collect the wave run-up and wave pressure after the solitary wave hits the deep-sea wind turbine jacket model, and can effectively restore the stress characteristics of the deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation structure under the action of solitary waves; 2. It can generate solitary waves in different sea conditions by changing wave parameters, and more effectively simulate the impact of different solitary waves on the foundation model of deep-sea wind turbine jackets in deep-sea environments; 3. High-speed cameras can be used to visually and repeatedly observe the multiple waveforms generated by the evolution of solitary waves during propagation, and accurately record the positions of solitary waves with different waveforms. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 2. It is a structural schematic diagram of a wave and current flume test device for a solitary wave impacting a deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 2. This is a structural diagram of a deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation model according to an embodiment of the present invention (excluding a wind turbine model); Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Main view (excluding lines); Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A top view of the PCB (excluding wiring); Figure 5 Schematic diagram of a wave and current flume test of a solitary wave impacting a deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] In the figure: 1-water tank; 2-solitary wave generator; 3-wave-breaking grid; 4-wave height meter; 5-pressure sensor; 6-high-speed camera; 7-deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation model; 8-cement base; 9-data acquisition device; 10-jacket leg; 11-jacket connection node; 12-jacket platform; 13-wind turbine model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0018] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and are intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs.

[0019] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0020] like Figure 1-5 As shown, this embodiment provides a wave and current flume test device for solitary waves impacting deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation structures. The device comprises a flume 1, a solitary wave generator 2, a wave-damping grid 3, a wave height meter 4, a pressure sensor 5, a high-speed camera 6, a deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation model 7, a cement platform base 8, and a data acquisition device 9. The flume 1 is divided into three sections from front to back: a front concrete section, a middle test section, and a rear concrete section. The solitary wave generator 2 is installed in the front concrete section. The deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation model 7 is mounted in the middle test section via the cement platform base 8. The wave-damping grid 3 is installed in the rear concrete section. Several wave height meters 4 are installed in front of the deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation model 7 to monitor wave height on the jacket's wave-facing surface. Multiple pressure sensors 5 are evenly distributed on the deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation model 7 to measure wave forces acting on the jacket's local structure. Each wave height meter 4 and pressure sensor 5 is electrically connected to the data acquisition device 9.

[0021] In this embodiment, the deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation model 7 is fixedly connected to the cement platform base 8 , and the central axis of the deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation model 7 coincides with the central axis of the platform base 8 .

[0022] In this embodiment, the deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation model 7 is formed by vacuum infusion of glass fiber reinforced plastic composite materials and consists of four jacket legs 10 , a jacket connection node 11 , a jacket platform 12 and a wind turbine model 13 .

[0023] In this embodiment, multiple pressure sensors 5 are evenly arranged on the wave-facing legs 10, jacket connection nodes 11 and jacket platform 12 of the deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation model 7 to measure the wave forces acting on the local structure of the jacket.

[0024] In this embodiment, measuring holes are set at intervals on the wave-facing pile legs 10, the jacket connection nodes 11 and the jacket platform 12. The pressure sensors 5 are embedded in the measuring holes after being waterproof packaged and are electrically connected to the data acquisition device 9 through wires.

[0025] In this embodiment, two wave height meters 4 are included. The two wave height meters 4 are vertically arranged 2m in front of the wave-facing side and 3m in front of the side of the deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation model 7 to monitor the wave height on the jacket's wave-facing side. The two wave height meters 4 are fixedly installed under the top bracket of the water tank 1.

[0026] In this embodiment, a high-speed camera 6 is arranged outside the water tank 1 and facing the deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation model 7. The side wall of the middle test section is provided with a 20mm transparent pressure-resistant observation window, and the rest is a flow-induced vibration-resistant concrete structure.

[0027] The wave-breaking grid 3 adopts a variable-angle multi-stage energy dissipation structure, which is composed of multiple layers of honeycomb perforated plates arranged at 45°. A 20cm wide multi-directional flow channel is formed between adjacent perforated plates. The aperture is distributed in a bidirectional gradient from sparse in front to dense in the back, and wave-breaking materials are poured into the holes.

[0028] According to the above device design, the working principle of the wave and flow flume test device for solitary wave impact on deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation structure is as follows: the wave and flow flume can accurately control the initial water displacement parameters through the piston-type solitary wave generating device, and can generate solitary waves with stable waveforms and clear characteristics for simulating the process of strong nonlinear wave action; the wave-breaking grid can use the gradient hollow structure to consume the energy of the waves and suppress the interference of secondary reflected waves, thereby improving the stability of wave generation and the accuracy of measurement data; the high-speed camera synchronously tracks the position of the solitary wave; the pressure sensors of the jacket legs, connection nodes and jacket platform are connected to the pressure acquisition box; the wave height meter is connected to the wave height acquisition box; the local pressure and wave run-up data of the jacket structure during the solitary wave impact on deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation model test can be obtained, and the experimental research on the solitary wave impact on the deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation structure can be carried out.

[0029] This embodiment also provides a wave and current flume test method for a solitary wave impacting a deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation structure, comprising the following steps: Step S1: Based on the actual deep-sea terrain parameters and the jacket structure dimensions, the Froude similarity criterion is used to perform a scaled design, and a deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation model, a cement platform base, and a water tank model are produced, including pile legs, jacket connection nodes, jacket platform, and wind turbine models.

[0030] Step S2: Install the solitary wave generating device on the front concrete section of the water tank, install the deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation model on the middle test section of the water tank through the cement platform base, and install the wave-breaking grid on the rear concrete section of the water tank.

[0031] Step S3: Define three typical action modes during the solitary wave impact process: F1 mode (approach state before impact) occurs when the solitary wave crest gradually approaches the jacket structure, the water velocity increases, and direct contact has not yet occurred; F2 mode (peak impact state) occurs when the solitary wave crest directly hits the jacket structure, the instantaneous pressure increases significantly, and a short-term strong nonlinear coupling occurs; F3 mode (backflow recovery state) occurs when the solitary wave body enters the attenuation process after passing through the jacket structure, and local backflow and vortex appear; turn on the high-speed camera to record the entire process of the solitary wave impacting the jacket. Through frame-by-frame image analysis, identify and mark the spatiotemporal positions of the above three modes as key reference points for data collection and analysis.

[0032] Step S4: The amplitude and characteristic wavelength parameters are precisely controlled by a solitary wave generating device to generate a strong nonlinear solitary wave with a stable waveform, a single peak protrusion, and no deformation during propagation, so as to simulate the nonlinear interaction process between the solitary wave and the deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation.

[0033] Step S5: Install a wave height meter on the front side of the deep sea wind turbine jacket foundation model and adjust the position of the wave height meter; install various pressure sensors on the deep sea wind turbine jacket foundation model.

[0034] Step S6: After the wave height meter and pressure sensor are turned on, wave generation begins to record the wave height and wave pressure of solitary waves of different shapes impacting the deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation structure.

[0035] Step S7: collecting wave heights through a wave height meter, collecting local pressure data of the deep-sea wind turbine jacket model through a pressure sensor, and then transmitting them to a data acquisition device respectively.

[0036] Step S8: Change the parameters of the solitary wave generating device in step S4, and repeat steps S5-S7 until the simulation of solitary waves impacting the deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation structure under all different wave heights, water depths, and wave periods is completed. Multiple sets of test data are collected and input into the computer. After noise reduction processing, the dynamic response characteristics of the prototype structure under the action of deep-sea solitary waves are obtained through inversion using the similarity criterion.

[0037] Furthermore, when simulating solitary waves of different forms impacting the deep-sea wind turbine conduit foundation structure, the present method only needs to change the parameters of the solitary wave generating device in step S4 to generate solitary waves of different forms and then repeat steps S5 to S7 to obtain the results of the force and wave run-up of the deep-sea wind turbine conduit model under the action of solitary waves at different wave heights, water depths and wave periods.

[0038] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any other manner. Any person skilled in the art may utilize the above-disclosed technical content to modify or modify the present invention into equivalent embodiments. However, any simple modifications, equivalent variations, and modifications to the above embodiments that do not depart from the technical content of the present invention and are based on the technical essence of the present invention remain within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wave and current flume test device for solitary wave impact on deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation structure, characterized in that: The invention comprises a water tank (1), a solitary wave generating device (2), a wave-breaking grid (3), a wave height meter (4), a pressure sensor (5), a high-speed camera (6), a deep-sea wind power conductor frame foundation model (7), a cement platform base (8) and a data acquisition device (9), wherein the water tank (1) is divided into a front concrete section, a middle test section and a rear concrete section from front to back, the solitary wave generating device (2) is arranged in the front concrete section, the deep-sea wind power conductor frame foundation model (7) is installed in the middle test section through the cement platform base (8), the wave-breaking grid (3) is arranged in the rear concrete section, a plurality of wave height meters (4) are arranged on the front side of the deep-sea wind power conductor frame foundation model (7) for monitoring the wave height of the conductor frame's wave-facing surface, a plurality of pressure sensors (5) are evenly arranged on the deep-sea wind power conductor frame foundation model (7) for measuring the wave force on the conductor frame's local structure; each wave height meter (4) and pressure sensor (5) is electrically connected to the data acquisition device (9) respectively.

2. The wave and current flume test device for solitary wave impact on deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The deep-sea wind power conductor frame foundation model (7) is fixedly connected to the cement platform base (8), and the central axis of the deep-sea wind power conductor frame foundation model (7) coincides with the central axis of the platform base (8).

3. The wave and current flume test device for solitary wave impact on deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation model (7) is formed by vacuum infusion of glass fiber reinforced plastic composite materials and is composed of four jacket pile legs (10), a jacket connection node (11), a jacket platform (12) and a wind turbine model (13).

4. The wave and current flume test device for solitary wave impact on deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A plurality of pressure sensors (5) are evenly arranged on the wave-facing pile legs (10), the jacket connection nodes (11), and the jacket platform (12) of the deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation model (7) for measuring the wave force exerted on the local structure of the jacket.

5. The wave and current flume test device for solitary wave impact on deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation structure according to claim 4 is characterized in that: Measuring holes are set at intervals on the wave-facing pile legs (10), the jacket connection nodes (11) and the jacket platform (12); the pressure sensors (5) are embedded in the measuring holes after being waterproofly packaged, and are electrically connected to the data acquisition device (9) via wires.

6. The wave and current flume test device for solitary wave impact on deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The invention comprises two wave height meters (4), the two wave height meters (4) being vertically arranged 2 m in front of the wave-facing side and 3 m in front of the side of a deep-sea wind power conductor frame foundation model (7), and being used for monitoring the wave height on the wave-facing side of the conductor frame; the two wave height meters (4) being fixedly installed under the top bracket of the water tank (1).

7. The wave and current flume test device for solitary wave impact on deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The high-speed camera (6) is arranged outside the water tank (1) and faces the deep-sea wind power conductor frame foundation model (7). The side wall of the middle test section is provided with a transparent pressure-resistant observation window, and the rest of the section is a flow-induced vibration-resistant concrete structure.

8. The wave and current flume test device for solitary wave impact on deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The wave-breaking grid (3) adopts a variable-angle multi-stage energy dissipation structure, and is composed of multiple layers of honeycomb-shaped perforated plates arranged at 45°, with a 20 cm wide multi-directional flow channel formed between adjacent perforated plates. The apertures are distributed in a bidirectional gradient of sparse in front and dense in the back, and wave-breaking materials are poured into the holes.

9. A wave and current flume test method for solitary wave impact on deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation structure, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1: Based on the actual deep-sea terrain parameters and the jacket structure dimensions, the Froude similarity criterion is used to perform a scale ratio design, and a deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation model, a cement platform base, and a water tank model are manufactured; Step S2: Installing the solitary wave generating device on the front concrete section of the water tank, installing the deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation model on the middle test section of the water tank through the cement platform base, and installing the wave-breaking grid on the rear concrete section of the water tank; Step S3: Define three typical action modes during the solitary wave impact process: F1 mode (pre-impact approach state) occurs when the solitary wave crest gradually approaches the jacket structure, the water velocity increases, and direct contact has not yet occurred; F2 mode (peak impact state) occurs when the solitary wave crest directly impacts the jacket structure, the instantaneous pressure increases significantly, and a short-term strong nonlinear coupling occurs; F3 mode (return recovery state) occurs when the solitary wave body enters the attenuation process after passing through the jacket structure, and local backflow and vortex appear. Use a high-speed camera to record the entire process of the solitary wave impacting the jacket. Through frame-by-frame image analysis, identify and mark the spatiotemporal positions of the above three modes as key reference points for data collection and analysis. Step S4: The solitary wave generating device is used to control the amplitude and characteristic wavelength parameters to generate a strong nonlinear solitary wave with a stable waveform, a single peak, and no deformation during propagation, so as to simulate the nonlinear interaction process between the solitary wave and the deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation; Step S5: Install a wave height meter on the front side of the deep sea wind turbine jacket foundation model and adjust the position of the wave height meter; install various pressure sensors on the deep sea wind turbine jacket foundation model; Step S6: After the wave height meter and pressure sensor are turned on, wave generation is started to record the wave height and wave pressure of different forms of solitary waves impacting the deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation structure; Step S7: collecting wave heights through a wave height meter and collecting local pressure data of the deep-sea wind turbine jacket model through a pressure sensor, and then transmitting them to a data acquisition device respectively; Step S8: Change the parameters of the solitary wave generating device in step S4, and repeat steps S5-S7 until the simulation of solitary waves impacting the deep-sea wind turbine jacket foundation structure under all different wave heights, water depths, and wave periods is completed. Multiple sets of test data are collected and input into the computer. After noise reduction processing, the dynamic response characteristics of the prototype structure under the action of deep-sea solitary waves are obtained through inversion using the similarity criterion.

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