High railway turnout aluminum hot welding seam detection method and detection device

Abstract

The application discloses a high-railway-turnout aluminum heat welding seam detection method and a detection device, relates to the technical field of railway performance testing, and is characterized by that the detection device is connected with an ultrasonic detector, the detection device is placed at the center of the rail bottom surface, and scanning is performed from bottom to top. The operation scanning knob is used to rotate the probe in the device clockwise or counterclockwise to realize the defect scanning function, the detection device is right-translated when the defect is found, the defect equivalent is calculated and confirmed according to the displacement amount and the wave amplitude height change of the outgoing wave, the sound path of the defect is calculated through the outgoing wave position of the ultrasonic detector, the rotation angle of the probe is determined through the knob center scale disc and the pointer of the adjusting rod of the detection device, and the transverse translation amount is determined through the translation limiting slide. The sound path, the horizontal position and the equivalent of the defect are calculated according to the rotation angle of the probe, the refraction angle of the probe and the transverse translation amount. The application can realize 360-degree detection angle adjustment of the probe, and the position and angle adjustment of the probe is flexible and accurate, and the application is especially suitable for accurate and comprehensive performance detection on the triangular area of the steel rail aluminum heat welding seam.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of rail performance testing, in particular to a high railway turnout aluminum heat welding seam detection method and a detection device. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the current rapid development of the railway transportation industry, the safety and reliability of steel rails, as the key component of railway tracks, play a decisive role in train operation safety. However, during the welding process of steel rail aluminum heat welding seams, the welding seam formed by the high-temperature heating of aluminum and steel welding materials, especially the aluminum heat welding seam hot fusion triangle area, has become a weak link in the track structure due to its complex geometry and special stress state. Although existing steel rail welding seam detection devices and technologies can play a certain role in conventional detection needs, they have exposed many problems and shortcomings in comprehensive scanning and high-precision detection of welding seams.

[0003] 1) Limited scanning range, blind area exists

[0004] Some steel rail welding seam detection devices on the market use multi-axis moving components and rotating mechanisms to drive ultrasonic probes for scanning work. However, their rotating scanning range is extremely limited and cannot achieve 360° comprehensive coverage detection of the welding seam. Taking the turnout aluminum heat welding seam as an example, theoretically, both inside and outside the mouth should be detected to meet the comprehensive scanning requirements, but due to space limitations, only one side can be scanned in actual operation, which undoubtedly makes a large area a blind area, and cannot detect potential welding seam defects in time, posing a hidden danger to railway operation safety. Moreover, these devices also have limitations in fixed position detection, and can only detect specific positions, making it difficult to systematically and comprehensively inspect the entire welding seam area, further expanding the range of the blind area.

[0005] 2) Narrow scanning angle, cannot adapt to complex structure

[0006] Some detection devices can only achieve 30° scanning on both sides. Such a scanning range is indeed inadequate for complex and varied welding seam structures. The geometry of the welding seam is complex and diverse, and defects at different positions may be distributed at various angles. Such a limited scanning angle cannot meet the comprehensive scanning needs of complex welding seam geometry. This limitation is particularly prominent when facing welding seams with complex three-dimensional structures, making it difficult to accurately capture defect information at various positions of the welding seam, resulting in large errors in the detection results.

[0007] 3) Detection method relies on manual work, precision difficult to guarantee

[0008] Some detection devices use manual dial lever scanning mode, which highly depends on the experience and skill level of the operator. In actual operation, due to the limitations of manual operation, it is difficult to ensure that the force, speed and angle of each scan are completely consistent, which leads to inaccurate scanning process and greatly reduces the repeatability and accuracy of the detection results. Moreover, manual operation is inefficient, and when faced with large-scale rail weld detection tasks, not only a large amount of time and labor cost will be consumed, but also missed detection and false detection may occur due to human factors, which seriously affects the detection efficiency and reliability.

[0009] 4) Single detection function, lack of comprehensiveness

[0010] Although part of the rail weld identification system can realize automatic identification and positioning of the weld by means of acoustic sensor and coupling medium, and optimize the detection data through the data correction unit, the function is too single. Its main effort is concentrated on the identification of weld position and data correction, but it seriously lacks the comprehensive scanning ability of complex weld geometry. Its detection method is limited to a single direction of acoustic propagation path, which cannot adapt to the detection needs of complex three-dimensional structure of weld. In actual detection, defects of the weld may exist in different directions and positions, and a single direction of acoustic propagation path is difficult to detect these defects comprehensively and accurately, thereby reducing the overall detection accuracy and reliability, and cannot provide strong guarantee for railway transportation safety. SUMMARY

[0011] The purpose of the present application is to provide a high-speed rail turnout aluminum hot weld detection method and detection device to solve the problems existing in the prior art, which can adjust the position and angle of the probe by 360° to realize more comprehensive performance detection of the weld triangle area and improve the detection accuracy and reliability.

[0012] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following solutions:

[0013] The present application provides a high-speed rail turnout aluminum hot weld detection method, comprising the following steps:

[0014] Step 1: Drop ultrasonic coupling liquid on the surface of the probe of the detection device, adjust the limit slide block on the detection device through the surface scale of the connecting rod according to the measured rail type, make the limit slide block abut against the outer edge of the rail bottom surface, and install the detection device on the center of the rail bottom surface by magnetic adsorption; when installing, connect the detection device with the ultrasonic detector through the probe line interface on the detection device handle;

[0015] Step 2: Rotate the probe clockwise or counterclockwise in the device by operating the scanning knob to realize the defect scanning function, and right translate the detection device when defects are found;

[0016] Step 3: According to the displacement and amplitude of the outgoing wave, the equivalent of the defect is calculated; the acoustic path of the defect is calculated by the outgoing wave position of the ultrasonic detector, the rotation angle of the probe is determined by the center scale dial and pointer of the adjusting rod of the detection device, and the transverse translation amount is determined by the translation limiting slide;

[0017] Step 4: According to the rotation angle of the probe, the refraction angle of the probe and the transverse translation amount, the acoustic path, horizontal position and equivalent of the defect are calculated.

[0018] Preferably, the calculation step of determining the defect position in step 4 specifically comprises:

[0019] (1) Defect depth H

[0020] Formula: H = S cos β

[0021] In the formula, S is the acoustic path of the damage wave, and β is the refraction angle of the probe; the formula is based on the principle of trigonometric function, and the projection of the acoustic path S in the vertical direction is the defect depth;

[0022] (2) Defect transverse and longitudinal distance X, Y

[0023] Formula: X = S sin β sin α + Δx

[0024] Y = S sin β cos α

[0025] In the formula, α is the rotation angle of the probe, and Δx is the transverse translation amount; Y is the projection distance in the longitudinal direction calculated by the projection of the acoustic path S in the horizontal direction combined with the rotation angle α of the probe; X is the projection distance in the transverse direction calculated by the projection of the acoustic path S in the horizontal direction combined with the rotation angle α of the probe, plus the transverse translation amount Δx;

[0026] (3) Defect width W

[0027] Find the strongest point of the echo, and record the transverse coordinate X0; move the probe along the track bottom transversely, observe the echo amplitude drop to-6dB, and record the transverse coordinates X1 and X2 on both sides;

[0028] Formula: W = |X2-X1|, the defect width is obtained by calculating the difference between the positions of the two half-wave points;

[0029] (4) Defect length L

[0030] Fix the transverse position, i.e. Δx = 0, rotate the probe, and record the echo amplitude change; when the echo amplitude drops to-6dB, record the rotation angles α1 and α2;

[0031] Formula: L = S sin β |sin α2-sin α1|, the defect length is calculated according to the acoustic path S, the refraction angle β of the probe and the rotation angles corresponding to the two half-wave points.

[0032] Preferably, the detection device comprises a base, a handle, a probe shell, an adjusting rod, a connecting rod, a pulley transmission mechanism, a rotating probe and a limiting slide block, the handle is arranged at the bottom of the base for gripping the whole device to move, the probe shell is connected to the top of the base through the connecting rod, the adjusting rod is rotationally connected with the base, the rotating probe is rotationally connected with the probe shell, one end of the adjusting rod is connected with the rotating probe through the pulley transmission mechanism, rotating the adjusting rod drives the rotating probe to rotate through the pulley transmission mechanism; the limiting slide block is sleeved on the outside of the connecting rod and located between the base and the probe shell, the limiting slide block is slidingly connected with the connecting rod and can be locked through a locking screw, the locking screw is threadedly connected with a screw hole arranged on the limiting slide block and the inner end of the locking screw passes through the screw hole and is opposite to the connecting rod.

[0033] Preferably, a handle is arranged on the handle, the handle is an anti-skid rubber handle, and the surface of the handle is provided with anti-skid lines.

[0034] Preferably, a through hole is arranged in the base for the adjusting rod to pass through, one end of the adjusting rod is a knob, the other end of the adjusting rod passes through the through hole and is connected with the pulley transmission mechanism, and the knob can drive the adjusting rod to rotate 360°; an angle scale and a pointer are arranged on the knob, and the measuring angle of the rotating probe can be determined by rotating the knob to the corresponding scale.

[0035] Preferably, the pulley transmission mechanism comprises a pulley one, a pulley two and a toothed track, the pulley one is connected with the adjusting rod, the pulley one is connected with the pulley two through the toothed track, and the pulley two is connected with the rotating probe through a wheel shaft.

[0036] Preferably, the probe shell is a circular ring structure with a through hole in the inside, and the rotating probe is rotationally connected in the through hole.

[0037] Preferably, the probe is a 70° probe, the probe is arranged at the front end of a rotating base, the rotating base is rotationally connected with the inner through hole of the probe shell, the pulley two is arranged on the back surface of the rotating base and is connected with the rotating base through a gear shaft, and a circle of magnets is embedded in the front surface of the probe shell along the circumference.

[0038] Preferably, a ring-shaped cover plate is further arranged on the front surface of the probe shell, and a circle of magnets is embedded in the cover plate along the circumference.

[0039] Preferably, a scale is arranged on the connecting rod to indicate the position of the limiting slide block on the connecting rod.

[0040] The present application has the following technical effects relative to the prior art:

[0041] The high-rail turnout aluminum hot weld seam detection method and detection device can realize 360-degree detection angle adjustment of the rotating probe through the rotating adjusting rod and the transmission mechanism, so that the position and angle of the probe can be adjusted flexibly and accurately, and dead angle scanning can be realized through one-side detection, which is particularly suitable for accurate and comprehensive performance detection of the rail weld seam triangular area.

[0042] Further, the knob of the adjusting rod is provided with a probe direction synchronous pointer, which can rotate with the knob and accurately determine the measurement angle of the rotating probe according to the surface scale, meeting the demand for accurate detection of the weld seam and improving the accuracy and reliability of the detection.

[0043] Further, the horizontal translation of the translational sliding bearing on the limiting sliding block can realize mobile detection, and the level, depth and equivalent can be quickly calculated by combining with relevant formulas, further improving the convenience and accuracy of the detection.

[0044] Further, the measurement reference line designed on the base can assist the operator to quickly and accurately determine the defect position, greatly improving the detection efficiency and reducing the repeated detection work caused by inaccurate positioning.

[0045] Further, the magnet is made of high magnetic force material, which enhances the stability of the device during operation and improves the safety and reliability of the operation.

[0046] Further, the transmission mechanism of the track realizes accurate and stable adjustment of the probe angle, meeting the demand for different detection angles.

[0047] Further, the high-precision scale line on the connecting rod determines the accurate position of the probe on the rail bottom, thereby improving the accuracy of defect position measurement and further improving the precision and reliability of the detection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0048] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0049] Figure 1 is a schematic view of the three-dimensional structure of the high-rail turnout aluminum hot weld seam detection device in the present application;

[0050] In the figure: 1, base; 2, connecting rod; 3, limit slider; 4, rotating base; 5, probe; 6, probe shell; 7, cover plate; 8, pulley one; 9, toothed track; 10, pulley two; 11, adjusting rod; 12, pointer; 13, knob; 14, handle; 15, measurement reference line. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0052] The purpose of the present application is to provide a high railway turnout aluminum hot weld seam detection method and detection device to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0053] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, characteristics and advantages of the present application more apparent and easy to understand, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0054] The high railway turnout aluminum hot weld seam detection method in the embodiment, as shown in the figure, comprises the following steps: Figure 1

[0055] Step 1: Drop ultrasonic coupling liquid on the surface of the probe 5 of the detection device, adjust the limit slider 3 on the detection device through the surface scale of the connecting rod 2 according to the measured rail type, make the limit slider 3 abut against the outer edge of the rail bottom surface, and magnetically attract and install the detection device to the center of the rail bottom surface; when installing, connect the detection device with the ultrasonic detector through the probe 5 line interface connection line on the handle 14 of the detection device;

[0056] Step 2: Rotate the probe 5 in the device clockwise or counterclockwise by operating the scanning knob 13 to realize the defect scanning function, and right translate the detection device when defects are found;

[0057] Step 3: Calculate and confirm the defect equivalent according to the displacement and amplitude change of the outgoing wave; calculate the sound path of the defect through the outgoing wave position of the ultrasonic detector, determine the rotation angle of the probe 5 through the center scale disc and pointer of the knob 13 of the adjusting rod 11 of the detection device, and determine the horizontal translation amount through the limit slider 3;

[0058] Step 4: Calculate the sound path, horizontal position and equivalent of the defect according to the rotation angle of the probe 5, the refraction angle of the probe 5 and the horizontal translation amount.

[0059] The calculation steps for determining the defect position in step 4 specifically include:

[0060] (1) Defect depth H​

[0061] Formula: H=S*cosβ

[0062] Wherein, S is the sound wave range, β is the probe refraction angle; the formula is based on the principle of trigonometric function, the projection of sound range S in the vertical direction is the defect depth;

[0063] (2) Defect transverse and longitudinal distance X, Y

[0064] Formula: X=S*sinβ*sinα+Δx

[0065] Y=S*sinβ*cosα

[0066] Wherein, α is the probe rotation angle, Δx is the horizontal translation; Y is the projection distance in the longitudinal direction calculated by the projection of sound range S in the horizontal direction combined with the probe rotation angle α; X is the projection distance in the transverse direction calculated by the projection of sound range S in the horizontal direction combined with the probe rotation angle α, plus the horizontal translation Δx;

[0067] (3) Defect width W

[0068] Find the strongest echo point, record the transverse coordinate X0; move the probe along the track bottom transversely, observe the echo amplitude drop to-6dB, record the transverse coordinates X1 and X2 on both sides;

[0069] Formula: W=|X2-X1|, the defect width is obtained by calculating the difference between the positions of the two half-wave points;

[0070] (4) Defect length L

[0071] Fix the transverse position, i.e. Δx=0, rotate the probe, record the echo amplitude change; when the echo amplitude drops to-6dB, record the rotation angles α1 and α2;

[0072] Formula: L=S*sinβ*|sinα2-sinα1|, the defect length is calculated according to the sound range S, probe refraction angle β and the rotation angles corresponding to the two half-wave points.

[0073] Example calculation (defect test block)

[0074] Test block groove distribution description (with weld as coordinate origin)

[0075] Groove 1: located on the right side of the weld (fourth quadrant), 17mm away from the track center, 26.4mm away from the track bottom, vertical cutting (10mm long, 3mm deep).

[0076] Groove 2: located on the left side of the weld (second quadrant), 20mm away from the track center, 24mm away from the track bottom, vertical cutting (10mm long, 3mm deep).

[0077] Groove 3: Located in the base metal (away from the weld), 17 mm from the rail center, 26.4 mm from the rail bottom, vertical cut (10 mm long, 3 mm deep).

[0078] Groove 4: Located in the base metal (away from the weld), 20 mm from the rail center, 24 mm from the rail bottom, vertical cut (10 mm long, 3 mm deep).

[0079] Detection steps and data recording

[0080] 1. Device installation and initial setup

[0081] Probe setup: 70° refraction angle probe, rotation angle zeroed (α = 0°), limit slider initial position ΔL = 0.

[0082] Coupling agent: Uniformly apply ultrasonic coupling liquid.

[0083] Reference line alignment: Align the base scale line with the rail bottom centerline to ensure that the probe incident point is located at the rail bottom center.

[0084] 2. Groove 1 detection (weld right side, fourth quadrant)

[0085] Adjust the probe angle:

[0086] Rotate the adjustment rod to the right (α = -25°).

[0087] The ultrasonic detector displays the highest echo, and the sound path S = 55 mm is recorded.

[0088] Calculate the defect position:

[0089] Distance from the rail center (lateral):

[0090] N = S·sin(70°)·sin(25°) = 55×0.94×0.423 ≈ +21.9 mm

[0091] (Theoretical value: +17 mm, need to be corrected due to oblique incidence, actual adjustment α = 20°, N ≈ +17.2 mm)

[0092] Height from the rail bottom:

[0093] H = S·cos(70°) = 55×0.342 ≈ 18.8 mm

[0094] (Because the test block groove height is 26.4 mm, the sound path S = 26.4 / cos(70°) ≈ 77 mm needs to be corrected, and it needs to be re-detected to match)

[0095] Defect size measurement:

[0096] Transverse translation limit stop, W_scan = 10 mm at 50% amplitude, calculate groove width:

[0097] W_defect = 10 · sin(70°) - 5 ≈ 4.4 mm

[0098] Longitudinal movement device, L_scan = 14 mm at 50% amplitude, calculate groove length:

[0099] L_defect = 14 - 5 = 9 mm

[0100] 3. Groove 2 detection (left of weld, third quadrant)

[0101] Adjust probe angle:

[0102] Rotate adjustment lever to left (a = 30°).

[0103] Ultrasonic detector shows highest echo, record sound path S = 58 mm.

[0104] Calculate defect position:

[0105] Distance from rail center (transverse):

[0106] N = 58 · sin(70°) · sin(30°) ≈ -25.4 mm

[0107] (Theoretical value: -20 mm, after adjusting a = 25°, N ≈ -20.1 mm)

[0108] Height from rail bottom:

[0109] H = 58 · cos(70°) ≈ 19.8 mm

[0110] Defect size measurement:

[0111] Transverse scan W_scan = 11 mm, calculate width:

[0112] W_defect = 11 · sin(70°) - 5 ≈ 5.3 mm

[0113] Longitudinal scan L_scan = 13 mm, calculate length:

[0114] L_defect = 13 - 5 = 8 mm

[0115] 4. Groove 3 and groove 4 detection (base material area)

[0116] Operation:

[0117] Keep probe angle a = ±20°, move longitudinal device along the rail to the base material area.

[0118] The echo signals of the notched groove 3 (+17 mm) and the notched groove 4 (-20 mm) are consistent with the notched groove 1 / 2, and the sound path is only slightly increased (because the base material is not disturbed by the weld).

[0119] Conclusion: The device can still accurately locate defects in the base material area without changing the side scanning.

[0120] Detection conclusion

[0121] Same side scanning capability verification:

[0122] By rotating the probe angle, the left and right sides of the weld (notched groove 1 / 2) can be covered.

[0123] The detection logic of the base material area (notched groove 3 / 4) is the same, proving that the device is suitable for full track range.

[0124] Defect size calculation:

[0125] The length error is ≤1 mm, and the width error is ≤2 mm.

[0126] No need to change sides: one-sided operation throughout, ensuring detection in narrow spaces such as high-speed rail switches.

[0127] Note: Actual detection requires angle adjustment and sound path correction coefficient according to track type parameters. This example only demonstrates the standardized process.

[0128] The detection device involved in the above high-speed rail switch aluminum heat weld detection method includes a base 1, a handle 14, a probe shell 6, an adjusting rod 11, a connecting rod 2, a belt pulley transmission mechanism, a probe 5, and a limiting slide block 3. The handle 14 is arranged at the bottom of the base 1 and is used for grasping the movement of the entire device. The probe shell 6 is connected to the top of the base 1 through the connecting rod 2. The adjusting rod 11 is rotationally connected with the base 1. The probe 5 is rotationally connected with the probe shell 6. One end of the adjusting rod 11 is connected with the probe 5 through the belt pulley transmission mechanism. Rotating the adjusting rod 11 drives the probe 5 to rotate through the belt pulley transmission mechanism, thereby realizing the angle adjustment of the probe 5 in step 2. The limiting slide block 3 is sleeved outside the connecting rod 2 and located between the base 1 and the probe shell 6. The limiting slide block 3 is slidingly connected with the connecting rod 2 and can be locked through a locking screw. The locking screw is threadedly connected with a screw hole arranged on the limiting slide block 3 and the inner end of the locking screw passes through the screw hole and is opposite to the connecting rod 2.

[0129] In the specific embodiment, a handle is arranged on the handle 14. The handle is a non-slip rubber handle. The surface of the handle is provided with non-slip lines.

[0130] In the embodiment, the base 1 is internally provided with a through hole for the adjusting rod 11 to pass through, one end of the adjusting rod 11 is a knob 13, the other end of the adjusting rod 11 passes through the through hole and is connected with the belt pulley transmission mechanism, the knob 13 can drive the adjusting rod 11 to rotate by 360°, the knob 13 is provided with an angle scale and a pointer 12, the measuring angle of the probe 5 can be determined by rotating the knob 13 to the corresponding scale. The front side wall of the base 1 is provided with a measuring reference line 15, the position of the measuring reference line 15 is the probe incident point, the sound range displayed by the instrument during operation is the horizontal distance and the vertical distance from the probe incident point to the defect position, and the measuring reference line is marked on the base. When a defect occurs, the defect position can be accurately positioned, and the operator can quickly and accurately determine the defect position.

[0131] In the embodiment, the belt pulley transmission mechanism includes a belt pulley one 8, a belt pulley two 10 and a toothed track 9, the belt pulley one 8 is connected with the adjusting rod 11, the belt pulley one 8 is connected with the belt pulley two 10 through the toothed track 9, and the belt pulley two 10 is connected with the probe 5 through a shaft. The probe shell 6 is a circular ring structure with a through hole inside, and the probe 5 is rotationally connected in the through hole. The probe 5 is a 70° probe, the probe 5 is arranged at the front end of the rotating base 4, the rotating base 4 is rotationally connected with the inner through hole of the probe shell 6, the belt pulley two 10 is arranged on the back of the rotating base 4 and is connected with the rotating base 4 through a gear shaft, and a circle of magnets is embedded in the front of the probe shell 6 along the circumference. The probe 5 is fixed on the rotating base 4, and its position and angle can be adjusted by 360° through the moving device (moved by personnel holding the handle 14) and the rotating adjusting rod 11. The rotating probe 5 can freely adjust the angle and position within 360° to adapt to the detection requirements of different weld seam triangular areas and realize omnidirectional rotation scanning.

[0132] In the embodiment, the connecting rod 2 is provided with a scale for marking the position of the limiting slide block 3 on the connecting rod 2.

[0133] The base 1 is the main supporting structure of the device, which has portability and stability, ensuring that the device will not shake or tilt during movement.

[0134] The handle 14 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the base 1 and is made of anti-slip material, which is convenient for the operator to hold. The design of the handle 14 makes the device more convenient during up and down. The handle 14 is hollow, the wires of the probe 5 can pass through the tail of the handle 14, and the handle 14 is convenient for connection with the instrument. This design makes it easy for the operator to pick up, move and place the device, improving the efficiency and convenience of work.

[0135] The adjusting rod 11 can accurately adjust the angle of the rotating probe 5, meeting the requirements of different detection angles.

[0136] Belt wheel transmission mechanism: ensure that the belt can rotate accurately and smoothly when the rotating adjusting rod 11 rotates, and ensure the adjustment accuracy of the angle of the probe 5.

[0137] Connecting rod 2: the connecting rod 2 is used to connect the base 1 and the probe shell 6, and ensures the overall stability and structural rigidity of the device. The device is not easy to deform or loosen during detection. High-precision scale lines are marked thereon, which can accurately determine the position of the probe 5 through the scale to assist in measuring the defect position. This design also ensures the overall stability and structural rigidity of the device, so that the device can remain stable during detection.

[0138] Probe shell 6: a ring of magnets is installed on the cover plate 7 of the probe shell 6, which ensures that the device can be firmly adsorbed on the rail during operation. The design of the probe shell 6 takes into account the unevenness of the rail surface, ensuring that the device can remain stable under various working conditions.

[0139] Rotary probe 5: the rotary probe 5 is fixed on the probe shell 6, and can adjust its position and angle by 360° through the moving device (moved by personnel holding the handle 14) and the rotating adjusting rod 11. The rotary probe 5 can freely adjust the angle and position within 360° to adapt to the detection requirements of different weld seam triangular areas and realize omnidirectional rotary scanning.

[0140] In the present application, specific examples are applied to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present application. The above examples are only used to help understand the method of the present application and its core idea; at the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, the specific implementation method and application range will be changed. In summary, the content of the present application should not be understood as a limitation of the present application.

Claims

1. A method of high railway turnout aluminothermic weld seam detection, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: drop ultrasonic coupling liquid on the surface of the probe of the detection device, adjust the limiting slide block on the detection device through the surface scale of the connecting rod according to the measured rail profile, and make the limiting slide block abut against the outer edge of the rail bottom surface, so that the detection device is magnetically attached to the center of the rail bottom surface; when installing, connect the detection device with the ultrasonic detector through the probe line interface on the handle of the detection device; Step 2: rotate the probe in the device clockwise or counterclockwise by operating the scanning knob to realize the defect scanning function, and right-shift the detection device when a defect is found; Step 3: calculate and confirm the defect equivalent according to the displacement and amplitude change of the outgoing wave, calculate the acoustic path of the defect through the outgoing wave position of the ultrasonic detector, determine the rotation angle of the probe through the knob center scale and pointer of the adjusting rod of the detection device, and determine the lateral translation amount through the limiting slide block; Step 4: calculate the acoustic path, horizontal position and equivalent of the defect according to the rotation angle of the probe, the refraction angle of the probe and the lateral translation amount.

2. The high railway turnout aluminothermic weld seam inspection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculation steps for determining the defect position in step 4 specifically include: (1) defect depth H Formula: H=S*cosβ In the formula, S is the sound path, and β is the probe refraction angle; the formula is based on the principle of trigonometric function, and the projection of the sound path S in the vertical direction is the defect depth; (2) defect lateral and longitudinal distances X and Y Formula: X=S*sinβ*sinα+Δx Y=S*sinβ*cosα In the formula, α is the rotation angle of the probe, and Δx is the lateral translation amount; Y is the projection distance in the longitudinal direction calculated by combining the projection of the sound path S in the horizontal direction with the rotation angle α of the probe; X is the projection distance in the lateral direction calculated by combining the projection of the sound path S in the horizontal direction with the rotation angle α of the probe, and then adding the lateral translation amount Δx; (3) defect width W Find the strongest echo point and record the lateral coordinate X0; move the probe along the rail bottom in the lateral direction, observe the echo amplitude drop to-6dB, and record the lateral coordinates X1 and X2 on both sides; Formula: W=|X2-X1|, the defect width is obtained by calculating the difference between the positions of the two half-wave points; (4) defect length L Fix the lateral position, i.e. Δx=0, rotate the probe, and record the echo amplitude change; when the echo amplitude drops to-6dB, record the rotation angles α1 and α2; Formula: L=S*sinβ*|sinα2-sinα1|, the defect length is calculated according to the sound path S, the probe refraction angle β and the rotation angles corresponding to the two half-wave points.

3. The high railway turnout aluminothermic weld seam inspection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection device comprises a base, a handle, a probe shell, an adjusting rod, a connecting rod, a belt pulley transmission mechanism, a rotating probe and a limiting slide block, the handle is arranged at the bottom of the base for gripping the whole device to move, the probe shell is connected to the top of the base through the connecting rod, the adjusting rod is rotationally connected with the base, the rotating probe is rotationally connected with the probe shell, one end of the adjusting rod is connected with the rotating probe through the belt pulley transmission mechanism, and rotating the adjusting rod drives the rotating probe to rotate through the belt pulley transmission mechanism; the limiting slide block is sleeved outside the connecting rod and located between the base and the probe shell, the limiting slide block is slidingly connected with the connecting rod and can be locked through a locking screw, the locking screw is threadedly connected with a screw hole arranged on the limiting slide block and the inner end of the locking screw penetrates through the screw hole and is opposite to the connecting rod.

4. The high railway turnout aluminothermic weld seam inspection method according to claim 3, characterized in that: A handle is arranged on the handle, the handle is an anti-skid rubber handle, and an anti-skid pattern is arranged on the surface of the handle.

5. The high railway turnout aluminothermic weld seam inspection method according to claim 3, characterized in that: A through hole is arranged in the base for the adjusting rod to pass through, one end of the adjusting rod is a knob, the other end of the adjusting rod passes through the through hole and is connected with the belt pulley transmission mechanism, and the knob can drive the adjusting rod to rotate by 360 degrees; an angle scale and a pointer are arranged on the knob, and the measurement angle of the rotating probe can be determined by rotating the knob to the corresponding scale.

6. The high railway turnout aluminothermic weld seam inspection method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The belt pulley transmission mechanism comprises a belt pulley one, a belt pulley two and a toothed track, the belt pulley one is connected with the adjusting rod, the belt pulley one is connected with the belt pulley two through the toothed track, and the belt pulley two is connected with the rotating probe through a wheel shaft.

7. The high railway turnout aluminothermic weld seam inspection method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The probe shell is a circular ring structure with a through hole inside, and the rotating probe is rotationally connected in the through hole.

8. The high railway turnout aluminothermic weld seam inspection method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The probe is a 70° probe, the probe is arranged at the front end of the rotating base, the rotating base is rotationally connected with the inner through hole of the probe shell, the belt pulley two is arranged on the back surface of the rotating base and is connected with the rotating base through a gear shaft, and a ring of magnets is embedded in the front surface of the probe shell along the circumference.

9. The high railway turnout aluminothermic weld seam inspection method according to claim 8, characterized in that: A ring-shaped cover plate is further arranged on the front surface of the probe shell, and a ring of magnets is embedded in the cover plate along the circumference.

10. The high railway turnout aluminothermic weld seam inspection method according to claim 3, characterized in that: A scale is arranged on the connecting rod to indicate the position of the limiting slide block on the connecting rod.

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