Control, acquisition and protection integrated DC power distribution module and method

Abstract

The invention relates to a direct current power distribution module integrating control, acquisition and protection. The direct current power distribution module comprises a control circuit, an analog quantity acquisition circuit and a protection circuit, the control circuit comprises an optocoupler and an MOS tube, the input end of the optocoupler is connected with the control signal output end of the processor, and the control signal output end of the processor is connected with the shed pole of the MOS tube; the analog quantity acquisition circuit comprises an integrated current and voltage acquisition chip and a shunt resistor, the shunt resistor is connected in series with an output loop of the MOS tube, and a differential input end of the integrated current and voltage acquisition chip is connected with two ends of the shunt resistor; the protection circuit comprises a comparator unit and a cut-off execution unit, the input end of the comparator unit is connected with the output end of the analog quantity acquisition circuit, and the output end of the cut-off execution unit is connected with the MOS tube of the control circuit. Through the above structure, the DC power distribution module according to the embodiment of the invention can effectively realize accurate power distribution control, real-time parameter acquisition and multiple protection functions of multiple paths of electric equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of direct current (DC) power distribution, and in particular to a DC power distribution module and method integrating control, collection, and protection. Background Art

[0002] The existing DC power distribution modules for ground testing have limited functions and only have output control functions. They are unable to collect the output voltage and current of each channel, cannot provide effective overvoltage and overcurrent protection, and cannot set corresponding protection values for different electrical equipment. Moreover, it is difficult to achieve local or remote control, data display and status indication functions. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present application proposes a DC power distribution module integrating control, acquisition and protection, including a control circuit, an analog acquisition circuit and a protection circuit; The control circuit includes an optocoupler and a MOS transistor. The input end of the optocoupler is connected to the control signal output end of the processor, and the control signal output end of the processor is connected to the gate electrode of the MOS transistor. The optocoupler isolates the control signal to achieve precise control of the on and off of the MOS transistor, thereby distributing and controlling the output of DC power. The analog acquisition circuit includes an integrated current and voltage acquisition chip and a shunt resistor. The shunt resistor is connected in series to the output circuit of the MOS tube. The differential input terminal of the integrated current and voltage acquisition chip is connected to the two ends of the shunt resistor to acquire the voltage across the two ends of the shunt resistor. The SPI bus interface of the integrated current and voltage acquisition chip is connected to the data acquisition terminal of the processor to transmit the collected voltage and current data to the processor. The protection circuit includes a comparator unit and a cut-off execution unit. The input end of the comparator unit is connected to the output end of the analog acquisition circuit to receive the collected voltage and current values. The output end of the comparator unit is connected to the input end of the cut-off execution unit. The output end of the cut-off execution unit is connected to the MOS tube of the control circuit. When the comparator unit determines that the collected value reaches the preset protection value, the cut-off execution unit is controlled to cut off the MOS tube to protect the circuit.

[0004] In a possible implementation, the MOS transistor includes a first MOS transistor and a second MOS transistor, the drain of the first MOS transistor is connected to the source of the second MOS transistor, and a resistor and a capacitor connected in parallel are provided between the first MOS transistor and the second MOS transistor.

[0005] In one possible implementation, a first freewheeling diode is provided between the source of the first MOS tube and the drain of the first MOS tube, and a second freewheeling diode is provided between the source of the second MOS tube and the drain of the second MOS tube. The first freewheeling diode and the second freewheeling diode are used to provide a freewheeling path for the inductive load when the MOS tube is turned off, thereby preventing the generation of an excessively high induced electromotive force from damaging the MOS tube.

[0006] In one possible implementation, the comparison unit of the protection circuit is integrated into the integrated current and voltage acquisition chip, and the alarm output end of the integrated current and voltage acquisition chip is connected to the cut-off execution unit. When the acquisition value exceeds the preset threshold, the integrated current and voltage acquisition chip directly outputs an alarm signal to the cut-off execution unit.

[0007] In a possible implementation, a communication circuit is further included, and the communication circuit includes an Ethernet circuit, an RS232 circuit, and an RS485 circuit.

[0008] In a possible implementation, the communication circuit is connected to the input end of the processor, the Ethernet circuit is connected to the host computer, and the RS232 circuit and the RS485 circuit are connected to the touch screen.

[0009] In a possible implementation, the RS485 circuit has a configurable 120-ohm terminal resistor.

[0010] The present application also provides a method for a DC power distribution module integrating control, collection, and protection, comprising the following steps: The input DC power is output to the power-consuming equipment through the distribution control of the MOS tube. Specifically, the processor outputs a control signal to drive the optocoupler, and the photodiode of the optocoupler is turned on, so that the MOS tube gate and the power supply are turned on, and the source and drain of the MOS tube are turned on, thereby realizing the output opening; The analog acquisition circuit collects the voltage and current values of each output through the integrated current and voltage acquisition chip and shunt resistor; The collected voltage and current values are compared in real time with the preset overvoltage protection values and overcurrent protection values. Specifically, the output current flowing through the shunt resistor generates a voltage drop. The integrated current and voltage acquisition chip collects this voltage drop and calculates the output current, which is then compared with the internal preset alarm threshold. When the actual output voltage or current reaches the overcurrent protection value, the comparator unit in the protection circuit will make a judgment and then control the cut-off execution unit to instantly cut off the output channel to protect the electrical equipment and the module itself; Local or remote control, data display, status indication and parameter setting are achieved through the Ethernet circuit, RS232 circuit and RS485 circuit in the communication circuit. The Ethernet circuit communicates with the host computer to realize remote functions, and the RS232 circuit and RS485 circuit communicate with the touch screen to realize local functions.

[0011] In one possible implementation, when the input DC power is output to the power-consuming device through the distribution control of the MOS tube, when the control signal drives the optocoupler, the optocoupler acts to isolate the control signal from the main circuit, preventing interference between the control circuit and the main current loop. After the optocoupler's photodiode is turned on, the MOS tube gate obtains the appropriate conduction voltage, ensuring stable conduction of the MOS tube's source and drain, thereby achieving precise control of the output.

[0012] In one possible implementation, when the collected voltage and current values are compared with the preset overvoltage protection value and overcurrent protection value in real time, if the output current exceeds the alarm threshold inside the integrated current and voltage acquisition chip, the integrated current and voltage acquisition chip immediately outputs an alarm signal to the cut-off execution unit. The cut-off execution unit responds quickly and cuts off the MOS tube to achieve rapid protection of the circuit.

[0013] Beneficial effects of the present invention: By adopting a modular design that integrates control, collection, and protection, the DC power distribution modules and methods according to various aspects of this application can flexibly adapt to different power load requirements and achieve efficient and accurate DC power distribution. At the same time, it is convenient for users to conduct local and remote all-round monitoring and parameter setting, thereby improving the safety, reliability, and ease of use of the power distribution system.

[0014] Other features and aspects of the present application will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the application.

[0016] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the DC power distribution module according to the embodiment of the present application is shown; Figure 2 A circuit diagram showing the MOS tube control function of an embodiment of the present application is shown; Figure 3 A circuit diagram showing the analog quantity acquisition function of an embodiment of the present application is shown; Figure 4 A circuit diagram showing the communication function of an embodiment of the present application is shown; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of DC power distribution for multiple identical power loads according to an embodiment of the present application is shown; Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing the DC power distribution principles for various different power loads according to an embodiment of the present application is provided; DETAILED DESCRIPTION Various exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the accompanying drawings represent elements with the same or similar functions. Although various aspects of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated.

[0017] It should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like, indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention or simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0018] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature identified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0019] The word “exemplary” is used exclusively herein to mean “serving as an example, example, or illustration.” Any embodiment described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.

[0020] In addition, numerous specific details are provided in the detailed description below to better illustrate the present application. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present application can be practiced without certain specific details. In some instances, methods, means, components, and circuits well known to those skilled in the art are not described in detail in order to highlight the main purpose of the present application.

[0021] The DC power distribution module and method integrating control, collection and protection in the present application is a power distribution technology solution with multi-functional integration characteristics. It is used in the field of DC power distribution to realize multi-channel DC power distribution, provide precise control, collection and protection functions, and ensure the stable and safe operation of electrical equipment.

[0022] Specific reference Figures 1-6 As a specific embodiment of a DC power distribution module and method integrating control, acquisition and protection in the present application, the DC power distribution module integrating control, acquisition and protection includes: a control circuit 105, an analog acquisition circuit 108 and a protection circuit; Further, such as Figure 1As shown, DC power is connected to the DC bus 104 via the DC input and distributed to each output channel. The control circuit 105 consists of multiple relays 106 and corresponding control circuits. The processor 107 issues control signals to control the on / off switching of the relays 106. In practice, this precise distribution and control of the DC power output is achieved through optocoupler 220 isolation and MOS transistor 210 drive. The analog acquisition circuit 108 connects to the processor 107 via a SIP bus, or employs an integrated current and voltage acquisition chip 301 paired with a shunt resistor 302, through acquisition modules corresponding to each output channel. It collects the voltage and current values of the output channel in real time and transmits them to the processor 107. The protection circuit includes a comparator unit and a cutoff execution unit. Logically, the processor 107 controls the cutoff execution unit based on the comparison of the collected data with the preset protection value to protect the circuit and equipment. Furthermore, the communication circuit includes Ethernet circuit 101, RS232 circuit 102, and RS485 circuit 103, used for remote and local communication, respectively. The auxiliary power supply circuit provides power for the normal operation of each system module.

[0023] The control circuit 105 includes an optocoupler 220 and a MOS transistor 210. The input end of the optocoupler 220 is connected to the control signal output end of the processor 107, and the control signal output end of the processor 107 is connected to the gate electrode of the MOS transistor 210. The control signal is isolated by the optocoupler 220 to achieve precise control of the on and off of the MOS transistor 210, thereby distributing and controlling the output of the DC power. The control circuit 105 is mainly composed of the optocoupler 220 and the MOS transistor 210. The input end of the optocoupler 220 is connected to the control signal output end of the processor 107, and the output end of the optocoupler 220 is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor 210. When the processor 107 sends a control signal, this signal will first be transmitted to the input end of the optocoupler 220. The optocoupler 220 plays an isolating role, isolating the control circuit 105 from the main current loop, effectively avoiding possible interference between the two. The signal isolated by the optocoupler 220 drives the gate of the MOS transistor 210, accurately controlling the on and off state of the MOS transistor 210. The MOS transistor 210 is a core control element. Its on and off state directly determines whether DC power can be output and how to distribute the output, thereby achieving distribution control of DC power output.

[0024] Further, such as Figure 2As shown, the control circuit 105 of the DC power distribution module 401 is primarily composed of an optocoupler 220 and a MOS transistor 210. The optocoupler 220 input is connected to the control signal output of the processor 107, and the output is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor 210. The optocoupler 220 isolates the control signal to prevent interference between the control and main circuits. When the control signal turns on the optocoupler 220, the gate of the MOS transistor 210 receives a voltage, and DC power is output from VBUS to I_CH through the MOS transistor 210. When the signal stops, the optocoupler 220 turns off, shutting down the MOS transistor 210 and terminating the output. The resistor in the circuit acts as a current limiter, the gate capacitor stabilizes the voltage, and the output diode prevents current backflow, achieving precise control of the DC output.

[0025] The analog acquisition circuit 108 includes an integrated current and voltage acquisition chip 301 and a shunt resistor 302. Shunt resistor 302 is connected in series to the output circuit of MOS transistor 210. The differential input of integrated current and voltage acquisition chip 301 is connected to the two ends of shunt resistor 302, for collecting the voltage across shunt resistor 302. The SPI bus 109 interface of integrated current and voltage acquisition chip 301 is connected to the data acquisition terminal of processor 107 to transmit the collected voltage and current data to processor 107. The analog acquisition circuit 108 comprises integrated current and voltage acquisition chip 301 and shunt resistor 302. The integrated current and voltage acquisition chip 301 has a built-in high-precision operational amplifier, programmable conversion time, alarm functions, and an SIP bus interface output. Shunt resistor 302 is connected in series to the output circuit of MOS transistor 210. The differential input of integrated current and voltage acquisition chip 301 is connected to the two ends of shunt resistor 302. This integrated current and voltage acquisition chip 301 is also connected to the data acquisition terminal of processor 107 via the SPI bus 109 interface. When the output current flows through shunt resistor 302, Ohm's law generates a voltage drop across it. The integrated current and voltage acquisition chip 301 detects this voltage drop via its differential input terminals. Based on the known resistance value of shunt resistor 302, it can accurately calculate the output current. Simultaneously, the integrated current and voltage acquisition chip 301 can also detect the output voltage. The collected voltage and current data is transmitted to the data acquisition terminal of processor 107 via the SPI bus 109 interface, providing data support for subsequent processing and analysis.

[0026] Further, such as Figure 3As shown, the core components of the analog acquisition circuit 108 are an integrated current and voltage acquisition chip 301 and a shunt resistor 302. Shunt resistor 302 is connected in series with the output circuit of MOS transistor 210, and the voltage change across it reflects the output current. The differential input terminals (IN+ and IN-) of the integrated current and voltage acquisition chip 301 are connected to the terminals of shunt resistor 302 for precise voltage acquisition. The VBUS pin of the integrated current and voltage acquisition chip 301 is connected to the power supply voltage, the GND pin is connected to ground, and the VS pin is connected to a 3.3VA power supply to ensure the normal operation of the integrated current and voltage acquisition chip 301. The SPI bus 109 interface is connected to the data acquisition terminal of the processor 107 and transmits the collected voltage and current data to the processor 107 in real time, providing data support for system monitoring, protection, and control.

[0027] The protection circuit includes a comparator unit and a cutoff execution unit. The comparator unit's input is connected to the output of the analog acquisition circuit 108 to receive the collected voltage and current values. The comparator unit's output is connected to the input of the cutoff execution unit, and the cutoff execution unit's output is connected to the MOS transistor 210 of the control circuit 105. When the comparator unit determines that the collected value reaches a preset protection value, it controls the cutoff execution unit to cut off the MOS transistor 210, thereby protecting the circuit. The protection circuit includes a comparator unit and a cutoff execution unit. The comparator unit's input is connected to the output of the analog acquisition circuit 108 to receive the collected voltage and current values; its output is connected to the input of the cutoff execution unit, and the cutoff execution unit's output is connected to the MOS transistor 210 of the control circuit 105. The comparator unit compares the actual voltage and current values received from the analog acquisition circuit 108 with pre-set overvoltage and overcurrent protection values in real time. When the comparator unit determines that the actual collected value reaches or exceeds the preset protection value, it sends a control signal to the cutoff execution unit. After receiving the signal, the cut-off execution unit quickly acts to cut off the conduction state of the MOS tube 210 in the control circuit 105, disconnecting the circuit, thereby protecting the circuit and preventing damage to the circuit due to overvoltage or overcurrent.

[0028] In one possible implementation, the MOS transistor 210 includes a first MOS transistor 211 and a second MOS transistor 212. The drain of the first MOS transistor 211 is connected to the source of the second MOS transistor 212. A resistor and a capacitor are provided in parallel between the first MOS transistor 211 and the second MOS transistor 212. The MOS transistor 210 is a combination of the first MOS transistor 211 and the second MOS transistor 212. The drain of the first MOS transistor 211 is connected to the source of the second MOS transistor 212, with a resistor and a capacitor provided in parallel therebetween. These parallel resistors and capacitors can buffer and regulate current and voltage during circuit operation, helping to stabilize the circuit's operating state and improving the reliability and stability of the MOS transistor 210, thereby ensuring the accuracy and stability of the DC power output distribution control by the DC power distribution module 401.

[0029] In one possible implementation, a first freewheeling diode 311 is disposed between the source and drain of the first MOS transistor 211, and a second freewheeling diode 312 is disposed between the source and drain of the second MOS transistor 212. The first freewheeling diode 311 and the second freewheeling diode 312 are used to provide a freewheeling path for the inductive load when the MOS transistor 210 is turned off, preventing damage to the MOS transistor 210 by generating an excessively high induced electromotive force. To protect the MOS transistor 210 and ensure stable circuit operation, a special freewheeling diode arrangement is adopted. The first freewheeling diode 311 is reversely connected between the source and drain of the first MOS transistor 211, i.e., the anode of the first freewheeling diode 311 is connected to the source of the first MOS transistor 211, and the cathode is connected to the drain of the first MOS transistor 211. The second freewheeling diode 312 is also reversely connected between the source and drain of the second MOS transistor 212, with its anode connected to the source of the second MOS transistor 212 and its cathode connected to the drain of the second MOS transistor 212. When the MOS tube 210 is turned off, the induced electromotive force generated by the inductive load will cause the current to tend to continue to flow. At this time, the first freewheeling diode 311 and the second freewheeling diode 312 respectively provide freewheeling paths for the corresponding inductive loads, guiding the induced current to the safety circuit, avoiding the generation of excessively high induced electromotive force to reversely impact the MOS tube 210, thereby effectively protecting the MOS tube 210 from damage and ensuring the reliable operation of the DC distribution module 401.

[0030] In one possible implementation, the protection circuit's comparison unit is integrated within the integrated current and voltage acquisition chip 301. The alarm output of the integrated current and voltage acquisition chip 301 is connected to a disconnection execution unit. When the collected value exceeds a preset threshold, the integrated current and voltage acquisition chip 301 directly outputs an alarm signal to the disconnection execution unit. To optimize the protection circuit structure and improve response efficiency, the protection circuit's comparison unit is integrated within the integrated current and voltage acquisition chip 301. After the integrated current and voltage acquisition chip 301 collects voltage and current data from the output circuit in real time, the comparison unit within chip 301 immediately compares the collected value with pre-set overvoltage and overcurrent thresholds. Once the collected value exceeds the preset threshold, the integrated current and voltage acquisition chip 301 directly sends an alarm signal to the disconnection execution unit via its alarm output. Upon receiving this signal, the disconnection execution unit can quickly react and immediately disconnect the MOS transistor 210, thereby rapidly protecting the DC power distribution module 401 and preventing damage to electrical equipment and circuits caused by voltage or current anomalies, greatly improving the safety and reliability of the system.

[0031] In one possible implementation, a communication circuit is further included, which includes an Ethernet circuit 101, an RS232 circuit 102, and an RS485 circuit 103. The communication circuit is added to achieve flexible local and remote interactive control. The communication circuit is composed of the Ethernet circuit 101, the RS232 circuit 102, and the RS485 circuit 103. The Ethernet circuit 101 adopts a standard network interface and is connected to the host computer 403 via a network cable. It uses the TCP / IP protocol to achieve high-speed and stable data transmission, and supports remote channel control, data reading, status monitoring and parameter setting of the distribution module; the RS232 circuit 102 is based on the serial communication protocol and is connected to the touch screen 402 via a dedicated serial port line, which can realize one-to-one data interaction between the module and the touch screen 402, meeting local basic control needs; the RS485 circuit adopts differential signal transmission, allowing multiple distribution modules to be connected in the form of a bus topology and communicate with the touch screen 402 in master-slave mode, which not only reduces wiring costs but also realizes local multi-module unified control and data display. The three circuits work together to build a complete communication system for the DC distribution module 401.

[0032] In one possible implementation, the communication circuit is connected to the input of processor 107, Ethernet circuit 101 is connected to host computer 403, and RS232 circuit 102 and RS485 circuit 103 are connected to touch screen 402. The communication circuit serves as a key hub for data exchange and command transmission, and its connection architecture with processor 107 and external devices is rigorously and efficiently designed. The output of the communication circuit is directly connected to the input of processor 107, forming a bidirectional data exchange channel, ensuring that processor 107 can receive control commands from external devices in real time and simultaneously feed module operation data back to the external devices. Ethernet circuit 101 establishes a connection with host computer 403 via a standard network cable interface, utilizing the TCP / IP protocol for remote data transmission. This allows host computer 403 to remotely control the power distribution module's channels, read data, monitor status, and set parameters. RS232 circuit 102 and RS485 circuit 103 each connect to touch screen 402 via dedicated data lines. RS232 circuit 102, based on the serial communication protocol, enables one-to-one data exchange, ensuring the stable operation of basic local control functions. RS485 circuit 103 utilizes differential signal transmission, connecting multiple power distribution modules to touch screen 402 in a bus topology. This allows for unified local control of multiple modules and centralized data display via a master-slave mode. These three communication circuits, each performing their respective functions and working in concert, form a complete communication network covering both local and remote locations, significantly enhancing the interactivity and control flexibility of DC power distribution module 401.

[0033] In one possible implementation, RS485 circuit 103 includes a configurable 120-ohm termination resistor to optimize signal transmission quality. This circuit connects a switchable termination resistor network in parallel between the RS485 bus's A line (RS485_D+) and B line (RS485_D-). Specifically, the network consists of a 120-ohm precision resistor connected in series with an electronic switch.

[0034] Further, such as Figure 4 As shown in the circuit, chip U6 is an RS485 transceiver, connected to peripheral circuits via pins. A 3.3V power supply powers the chip, ensuring normal operation. RXD and TXD are the receive and transmit data pins, respectively. TXD_EN and RE and DE pins control the chip's transmit and receive states. RS485_D+ and RS485_D- are differential signal transmission lines that connect to external devices for data communication. Configurable 120-ohm termination resistors are connected to these two lines to match the characteristic impedance of the RS485 bus. When the RS485 bus is long or the communication environment is complex, configuring this termination resistor effectively reduces signal reflections, improving signal transmission quality and communication stability. The circuit also incorporates components such as diodes for overvoltage protection, enhancing circuit reliability.

[0035] The present application also provides a method for a DC power distribution module 401 integrating control, collection, and protection, characterized by comprising the following steps: The input DC power is output to the power-consuming device through the distribution control of MOS transistor 210. Specifically, processor 107 outputs a control signal to drive optocoupler 220. The photodiode of optocoupler 220 turns on, connecting the gate of MOS transistor 210 to the power supply, and connecting the source and drain of MOS transistor 210, thereby enabling the output to be turned on. Processor 107 outputs a control signal, which first drives the input end of optocoupler 220. The light-emitting diode inside optocoupler 220 turns on and emits light, which in turn turns on the phototransistor at the output end of optocoupler 220, transmitting the control signal to the gate of MOS transistor 210. When the gate of MOS transistor 210 receives sufficient voltage, a channel is formed within it, and the source and drain are connected. The original DC power input can then be output to the power-consuming device through the turned-on MOS transistor 210, thus achieving control over the DC power output. The optocoupler 220 plays a crucial role in this process. It isolates the control circuit 105 from the main current loop, avoiding mutual interference and ensuring that the control signal can accurately control the on and off of the MOS tube 210, thereby achieving precise distribution control of the DC output.

[0036] The analog acquisition circuit 108 collects the voltage and current values of each output through an integrated current and voltage acquisition chip 301 and a shunt resistor 302. Shunt resistor 302 is connected in series in the output circuit of MOS transistor 210. When the output current flows through shunt resistor 302, Ohm's law generates a voltage drop across shunt resistor 302. The integrated current and voltage acquisition chip 301 collects this voltage drop through its differential input terminals. Combined with the known resistance value of shunt resistor 302, it can accurately calculate the output current. Simultaneously, the integrated current and voltage acquisition chip 301 can also collect output voltage values. This collected voltage and current data is transmitted to processor 107 via the SPI bus 109 interface, providing data support for subsequent processing and judgment. The integrated current and voltage acquisition chip 301, in conjunction with shunt resistor 302, can accurately collect voltage and current values in the output circuit, providing accurate data support for the system's stable operation and protection functions.

[0037] The collected voltage and current values are compared in real time with the preset overvoltage and overcurrent protection values. Specifically, the output current flowing through the shunt resistor 302 generates a voltage drop. The integrated current and voltage acquisition chip 301 collects this voltage drop and calculates the output current, comparing it with the internal preset alarm threshold. After collecting the output current and voltage values, the integrated current and voltage acquisition chip 301 compares these actual collected values with the preset alarm threshold within the chip in real time. The integrated current and voltage acquisition chip 301 integrates a high-precision comparator circuit, which can quickly and accurately complete this comparison. Through this real-time comparison, the system can promptly detect abnormal conditions in the output circuit. Once the actual value is detected to exceed the preset threshold, appropriate protective measures can be quickly taken to ensure the safety of electrical equipment and modules.

[0038] When the actual output voltage or current reaches the overcurrent protection value, the comparator unit in the protection circuit determines and controls the cut-off execution unit to instantly cut off the output channel to protect the electrical equipment and the module itself. When the actual output voltage or current reaches or exceeds the preset overcurrent protection value, the integrated current and voltage acquisition chip 301 will output an alarm signal. This alarm signal will be transmitted to the cut-off execution unit in the protection circuit.

[0039] Upon receiving the alarm signal, the cutoff execution unit swiftly activates, controlling circuit 105 to disconnect MOS transistor 210, instantly disconnecting the output channel. This effectively protects the device and the module from damage caused by excessive voltage or current. The entire protection process responds extremely quickly, disconnecting the circuit in a fraction of a second, ensuring system safety.

[0040] The Ethernet circuit 101, RS232 circuit 102, and RS485 circuit 103 in the communication circuit enable local or remote control, data display, status indication, and parameter setting. The Ethernet circuit 101 communicates with the host computer 403 to implement remote functions, while the RS232 circuit 102 and RS485 circuit 103 communicate with the touch screen 402 to implement local functions. The Ethernet circuit 101 utilizes a standard network interface and communication protocol and is connected to the host computer 403 via a network cable. The host computer 403 can be a remote server or control terminal. Through the Ethernet circuit 101, the host computer 403 can remotely control the power distribution module, such as remotely turning output channels on and off; read various module operating data, such as voltage and current values; monitor the module's operating status in real time; and set various module parameters, such as overvoltage protection and overcurrent protection values. The RS232 circuit 102 and RS485 circuit 103 are connected to the touch screen 402. RS232 circuit 102 uses a point-to-point communication method to enable data exchange between touch screen 402 and the module. RS485 circuit 103 adopts a bus topology and can connect multiple power distribution modules to achieve one-to-many communication. Through these two circuits, touch screen 402 can implement local control functions, such as turning on or off a specific output channel by operating on touch screen 402; it can display various module data, such as voltage and current values; it can indicate the module's operating status, such as normal operation and faults; and it can also locally set module parameters. The coordinated operation of these three communication circuits enables comprehensive local and remote control, data display, status indication, and parameter setting functions of the power distribution module, greatly improving the module's flexibility and manageability.

[0041] In one possible implementation, when the input DC power is output to the power-consuming device through the distribution control of MOS transistor 210, when the control signal drives optocoupler 220, optocoupler 220 isolates the control signal from the main circuit, preventing interference between the control circuit 105 and the main current loop. When the photodiode of optocoupler 220 is turned on, the MOS transistor gate obtains an appropriate conduction voltage, ensuring stable conduction of the source and drain of MOS transistor 210 and achieving precise output control. When the input DC power is output to the power-consuming device through the distribution control of MOS transistor 210, optocoupler 220 plays a key role in the control signal transmission process. When the control signal output by processor 107 drives optocoupler 220, the light-emitting diode and phototransistor within optocoupler 220 are isolated and transmitted via optical signals, effectively blocking the electrical connection between the control circuit 105 and the main current loop, preventing high voltage and high current in the main circuit from interfering with the control signal, and also preventing fluctuations in the control circuit 105 from affecting the stability of the main circuit. When the control signal turns on the photodiode of optocoupler 220, the phototransistor also turns on, converting the power supply voltage into a suitable level signal and transmitting it to the gate of MOS transistor 210, ensuring that the gate of MOS transistor 210 obtains a stable voltage value that meets its conduction characteristics. At this time, a low-resistance channel is formed between the source and drain of MOS transistor 210, allowing for stable DC output. The isolation effect of optocoupler 220 not only achieves electrical isolation between the control signal and the main circuit, but also ensures precise control of the conduction state of MOS transistor 210, keeping the output voltage stability error within ±0.5% and the current response time less than 100μs, significantly improving the control accuracy and anti-interference capability of DC distribution module 401.

[0042] In one possible implementation, when the collected voltage and current values are compared in real time with preset overvoltage and overcurrent protection values, if the output current exceeds the alarm threshold within the integrated current and voltage acquisition chip 301, the integrated current and voltage acquisition chip 301 immediately outputs an alarm signal to the shutdown execution unit. The shutdown execution unit quickly responds and shuts off the MOS transistor 210, achieving rapid circuit protection. After the integrated current and voltage acquisition chip 301 collects the output current data through the shunt resistor 302, it immediately compares it with the overcurrent protection threshold preset in the chip's internal register. This threshold can be dynamically configured by the processor 107 via the SPI bus 109. If the current value exceeds the threshold, the comparator circuit within the integrated current and voltage acquisition chip 301 triggers a logic flip within 2 μs, causing the ALERT pin to output a low-level alarm signal. This signal directly drives the high-speed MOSFET driver in the shutdown execution unit, which, after isolation by the optocoupler 220, rapidly lowers the gate voltage of the MOS transistor 210. Throughout the entire response process, signal transmission delay is less than 50ns, and the MOS transistor 210 shutdown time does not exceed 150ns, ensuring that the circuit is disconnected if the overcurrent condition persists for less than 1μs. Furthermore, to prevent false triggering caused by transient interference, a 5ms debounce delay is incorporated into the circuit. Protection is only activated when the current continuously exceeds the threshold, effectively balancing protection speed and reliability. This enables the power distribution module to achieve nanosecond-level response in extreme fault conditions such as short circuits, maximizing the safety of back-end electrical equipment.

[0043] Further, such as Figure 5 As shown, multiple loads with the same power consumption can be distributed through a DC power distribution module 401. The DC power distribution module 401 can realize remote channel control, data reading, and parameter setting through Ethernet 001; and can realize local channel control, data reading, and status display by communicating with the touch screen 402 through RS485.

[0044] Further, such as Figure 6 As shown, multiple DC power distribution modules 401 can be used to distribute DC power to various loads. The Ethernet 001 interfaces of different DC power distribution modules 401 are located at different addresses within the same network segment. The RS485 interfaces of these DC power distribution modules 401 function as slaves, while the RS485 interface of the touch screen 402 functions as a master. The Ethernet 001 interfaces of the multiple DC power distribution modules 401 are first connected to the switch 501, where they communicate with the host computer 403, enabling remote channel control, data reading, and parameter setting. The RS485 interfaces of the multiple DC power distribution modules 401 and the RS485 interface of the touch screen 402 implement local channel control, data reading, and status display in a bus topology.

[0045] The present invention's integrated control, data acquisition, and protection DC power distribution module and method can flexibly adapt to different power load requirements by configuring control circuits, analog data acquisition circuits, protection circuits, and communication circuits, along with their corresponding structures and parameters, to achieve efficient and precise DC power distribution. This allows users to easily implement DC power distribution for multiple identical loads using a single distribution module, while combining multiple modules can achieve DC power distribution for a variety of different loads. Output channel control, voltage and current display, and output channel status display functions can be achieved locally, as well as remotely.

[0046] It should be noted that while the above description of the integrated control, data collection, and protection DC power distribution module and method uses the existing structure and functional configuration of a DC power distribution module as an example, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present application is not limited thereto. In fact, users can flexibly set the specific parameters of the module, select the communication method, set protection values, etc. based on their personal preferences and / or actual application scenarios, as long as the basic functional requirements of DC power distribution, such as control, data collection, and protection, are met and the core technical principles of the present application are not deviated from.

[0047] The embodiments of the present application have been described above. The above description is illustrative and not exhaustive, and is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is selected to best explain the principles of the embodiments, their practical applications, or improvements to the technology in the market, or to enable other persons skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A DC power distribution module integrating control, collection and protection, characterized in that: Including control circuit, analog quantity acquisition circuit and protection circuit; The control circuit includes an optocoupler and a MOS transistor. The input end of the optocoupler is connected to the control signal output end of the processor, and the control signal output end of the processor is connected to the gate electrode of the MOS transistor. The optocoupler isolates the control signal to achieve precise control of the on and off of the MOS transistor, thereby distributing and controlling the output of the direct current. The analog quantity acquisition circuit includes an integrated current and voltage acquisition chip and a shunt resistor, wherein the shunt resistor is connected in series to the output circuit of the MOS tube, a differential input terminal of the integrated current and voltage acquisition chip is connected to both ends of the shunt resistor, and is used to acquire the voltage across the shunt resistor, and an SPI bus interface of the integrated current and voltage acquisition chip is connected to the data acquisition terminal of the processor so as to transmit the acquired voltage and current data to the processor; The protection circuit includes a comparator unit and a cut-off execution unit. The input end of the comparator unit is connected to the output end of the analog acquisition circuit to receive the collected voltage and current values. The output end of the comparator unit is connected to the input end of the cut-off execution unit. The output end of the cut-off execution unit is connected to the MOS transistor of the control circuit. When the comparator unit determines that the collected value reaches a preset protection value, it controls the cut-off execution unit to cut off the MOS transistor to protect the circuit.

2. The DC power distribution module integrating control, collection and protection according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The MOS transistor includes a first MOS transistor and a second MOS transistor. The drain of the first MOS transistor is connected to the source of the second MOS transistor. A resistor and a capacitor connected in parallel are provided between the first MOS transistor and the second MOS transistor.

3. The DC power distribution module integrating control, collection and protection according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A first freewheeling diode is provided between the source of the first MOS tube and the drain of the first MOS tube, and a second freewheeling diode is provided between the source of the second MOS tube and the drain of the second MOS tube. The first freewheeling diode and the second freewheeling diode are used to provide a freewheeling path for the inductive load when the MOS tube is turned off, so as to prevent the generation of excessively high induced electromotive force from damaging the MOS tube.

4. The DC power distribution module integrating control, collection and protection according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The comparison unit of the protection circuit is integrated into the integrated current and voltage acquisition chip, and the alarm output end of the integrated current and voltage acquisition chip is connected to the cut-off execution unit. When the acquisition value exceeds the preset threshold, the integrated current and voltage acquisition chip directly outputs an alarm signal to the cut-off execution unit.

5. The DC power distribution module integrating control, collection and protection according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes a communication circuit, which includes an Ethernet circuit, an RS232 circuit and an RS485 circuit.

6. The DC power distribution module integrating control, collection and protection according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The communication circuit is connected to the input end of the processor, the Ethernet circuit is connected to the host computer, and the RS232 circuit and the RS485 circuit are connected to the touch screen.

7. The DC power distribution module integrating control, collection and protection according to claim 5, characterized in that: The RS485 circuit has a configurable 120 ohm termination resistor.

8. A method for a DC power distribution module integrating control, collection and protection, characterized in that: Using the DC power distribution module integrating control, collection and protection according to any one of claims 1 to 7 comprises the following steps: The input DC power is output to the power-consuming equipment through the distribution control of the MOS tube. Specifically, the processor outputs a control signal to drive the optocoupler, and the photodiode of the optocoupler is turned on, so that the MOS tube gate and the power supply are turned on, and the source and drain of the MOS tube are turned on, thereby realizing the output opening; The analog acquisition circuit collects the voltage and current values of each output through the integrated current and voltage acquisition chip and shunt resistor; The collected voltage and current values are compared in real time with the preset overvoltage protection values and overcurrent protection values. Specifically, the output current flowing through the shunt resistor generates a voltage drop. The integrated current and voltage acquisition chip collects this voltage drop and calculates the output current, which is then compared with the internal preset alarm threshold. When the actual output voltage or current reaches the overcurrent protection value, the comparator unit in the protection circuit will make a judgment and then control the cut-off execution unit to instantly cut off the output channel to protect the electrical equipment and the module itself; Local or remote control, data display, status indication and parameter setting are achieved through the Ethernet circuit, RS232 circuit and RS485 circuit in the communication circuit. The Ethernet circuit communicates with the host computer to realize remote functions, and the RS232 circuit and RS485 circuit communicate with the touch screen to realize local functions.

9. The method of the DC power distribution module integrating control, collection and protection according to claim 8, characterized in that: During the process of the input DC power being output to the electrical equipment through the distribution control of the MOS tube, when the control signal drives the optocoupler, the optocoupler serves to isolate the control signal from the main circuit, preventing interference between the control circuit and the main current loop. After the photodiode of the optocoupler is turned on, the gate of the MOS tube obtains the appropriate conduction voltage, ensuring that the source and drain of the MOS tube are stably turned on, thereby achieving precise control of the output.

10. The method of the DC power distribution module integrating control, collection and protection according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the collected voltage and current values are compared with the preset overvoltage protection value and overcurrent protection value in real time, if the output current exceeds the alarm threshold inside the integrated current and voltage acquisition chip, the integrated current and voltage acquisition chip immediately outputs an alarm signal to the cut-off execution unit. The cut-off execution unit responds quickly and cuts off the MOS tube, thereby achieving rapid protection of the circuit.

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