Cultivation method for improving commodity of kidney beans

Abstract

The invention provides a cultivation method for improving commodity of kidney beans, and belongs to the technical field of kidney bean cultivation. The cultivation method comprises the steps of coating, sowing, flowering period management and podding period management. The flowering phase management step comprises the following steps: when a first inflorescence is formed, topdressing of a kidney bean nutrition fertilizer is carried out, and 32-37 kg of the kidney bean nutrition fertilizer is topdressed per mu; the preparation method of the kidney bean nutrition fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing potassium sulfate, calcium nitrate, glutamic acid, zinc sulfate and deionized water, uniformly stirring, adding polyvinylpyrrolidone and montmorillonite, uniformly stirring, adding a chitosan solution, stirring for 20-30 minutes, adding sodium alginate, stirring for 27-35 minutes at 40-45 DEG C, adding a calcium chloride solution, and stirring for 4.3-5.0 hours while keeping the temperature, thereby obtaining the kidney bean nutrition fertilizer. The kidney beans cultivated through the method are low in morbidity, high in yield, high in single-pod weight and high in protein and vitamin content.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of kidney bean cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for improving the commercial quality of kidney beans. Background Art

[0002] Kidney beans are an edible legume plant, also known as second-season beans, green beans, kidney beans or lentils. The young pods or seeds can be used as fresh vegetables, or canned, salted, frozen and dried. It belongs to the Leguminosae family of the Rosales order. Kidney beans are native to South America and are now widely planted in tropical to temperate regions. They are cultivated in spring and summer in Northwest and Northeast China, and in spring and autumn in North China, the Yangtze River Basin and South China. Kidney beans are a rare high-potassium, high-magnesium, low-sodium food, especially suitable for patients with heart disease, arteriosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, hypokalemia and salt-avoiding patients. The main component of kidney beans is protein. Green beans contain a lot of protein and crude fiber, as well as amino acids, vitamins, calcium, iron and other elements. The protein content is more than seven times that of chicken. According to modern medical analysis, green beans also contain unique ingredients such as saponin, urease and various globulins, which can improve the body's own immunity, enhance disease resistance, activate T lymphocytes, promote the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid, and promote metabolism. The saponins in green beans can reduce fat absorption and promote fat metabolism. The dietary fiber contained can shorten the time for food to pass through the intestines and has a good weight loss effect.

[0003] Green beans like moisture, have a well-developed root system, are drought-resistant but poorly waterlogged, and are particularly sensitive to water shortage or waterlogging during flowering and podding. Less water will affect the development of the root system, and more water will cause root rot, which will affect the yield of green beans. In addition, during the growth cycle, green beans are usually attacked by various diseases and pests, such as rust and bacterial diseases. Long-term application of pesticides will enhance the resistance of pests and diseases. The application of large amounts of pesticides will also result in excessive pesticide residues, which will affect the safety and commercial value of green beans and pose a potential threat to human health.

[0004] CN118077540A discloses a planting method for increasing kidney bean yield. The specific planting steps are as follows: step 1: selecting and breeding kidney bean seeds to be sown to obtain new varieties of kidney bean seeds adapted to the planting environment; step 2: selecting cultivation soil, forming ridges, covering the ridges with a mulch film, and making openings in the mulch film. New varieties of kidney bean seeds are sown in the openings at a sowing density of 160,000 plants per hectare; step 3: drip irrigation is performed on the new varieties of kidney bean seeds; step 4: drip irrigation is performed for the first time when the kidney bean plants have 4-5 leaves, and drip irrigation is performed for the second time after the kidney bean plants have flowered and formed pods; step 5: picking the kidney bean pods to adjust the planting environment of the kidney bean plants and the soil moisture content at the roots of the kidney bean plants, thereby increasing the yield of the kidney bean plants; This patent uses ridge cultivation and adjustment of appropriate planting density to maintain the water content in the soil within a range suitable for kidney bean growth, thereby promoting the development of kidney bean plants. Combined with fertilization, the effect of further promoting the development of kidney bean plants is achieved, ultimately increasing the yield of kidney beans. However, this method only reasonably controls the water content of the soil by adjusting the planting density. However, when there is a lot of rain, it still suffers from root rot and waterlogging, and the kidney beans cultivated by this method have poor nutritional value.

[0005] Regarding pest control, CN118266358A discloses a green pest control method, system, and equipment for leguminous plants. The method, which aims to address the challenges of controlling major leguminous plant pests such as wilt and thrips, includes spraying pesticides after 7 p.m., shaking the plants before 8 a.m. to remove the pollen, and then vacuuming away the pollen. The patented "three-in-one, internal and external killing" green control technology system reduces the frequency of pesticide use and is significantly more effective in pest control than traditional control methods. However, the patent's pest control rate is only around 95%, and there is still room for improvement in the control effect.

[0006] Therefore, providing a cultivation method for improving the commercial value of kidney beans, improving the waterlogging resistance of kidney beans, avoiding waterlogging and root rot during growth, reducing the use of pesticides while improving the control effect of pests and diseases, increasing the yield of kidney beans, and ensuring the uniformity of size and shape and nutritional value of kidney beans are technical problems that need to be solved urgently in the existing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a cultivation method for improving the commercial value of kidney beans, improving the waterlogging resistance of kidney beans, avoiding waterlogging and root rot during the growth process, reducing the use of pesticides while improving the prevention and control effect of pests and diseases, increasing the yield of kidney beans, and ensuring the uniformity of size and shape and nutritional value of kidney beans.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A cultivation method for improving the marketability of kidney beans, comprising the steps of coating, sowing, flowering management, and pod-setting management, as follows: 1. Coating Put the kidney bean seeds into the coating machine, add the functional slurry, control the stirring speed of the coating machine to 90-110 rpm, rotate the coating machine clockwise for 1.5-2.5 minutes, rotate counterclockwise for 2.5 minutes, repeat the clockwise and counterclockwise rotation of the coating machine 4 times, take out the kidney bean seeds, and dry them naturally to obtain coated seeds; The mass ratio of the kidney bean seeds to the functional slurry is 400:95-105; The functional slurry is prepared by calcining diatomite at 450-470° C. at a heating rate of 9.0-11.0° C. / min for 2.2-2.7 hours. After calcination, the diatomite is naturally restored to room temperature, added to deionized water, stirred evenly, and then a kH550 silane coupling agent is added. The temperature is increased to 74-77° C., and the mixture is stirred at 210-240 rpm for 2.0-3.0 hours. After the stirring is completed, solid matter is filtered out, washed, and dried to a constant weight to obtain silane-treated diatomite. The silane-treated diatomite and humic acid are stirred evenly, and then carbendazim and sodium molybdate are added. After further stirring, sodium polyacrylate, gum arabic, and sodium alginate are added. The mixture is stirred at 200-230 rpm for 27-32 minutes, and then a calcium chloride solution is added. The temperature is increased to 40-45° C. and stirred evenly to obtain the functional slurry. The mass ratio of the diatomaceous earth, deionized water, and kH550 silane coupling agent is 10:100-120:1.0-1.3; The mass ratio of the silane-treated diatomaceous earth, humic acid, carbendazim, sodium molybdate, sodium polyacrylate, gum arabic, sodium alginate and calcium chloride solution is 10-14:8-11:0.08-0.12:0.16-0.20:10-14:5.0-5.3:1.7-2.2:90-110; The mass concentration of the calcium chloride solution is 0.4-0.6%.

[0009] 2. Sowing Apply fertilizer to the soil, controlling the amount of urea, potassium chloride, and superphosphate per mu. After fertilization, deep plowing is carried out to a depth of 22-27 cm. After harrowing and leveling, ridges are formed and covered with film. The ridge width is 48-53 cm, the ridge furrow width is 55-60 cm, and the ridge height is 5-10 cm. The seeds sown are coated seeds. The sowing method is to sow seeds on the side of the ridge, on the film, in wide and narrow rows, with a hole spacing of 24-28 cm, two rows per ridge, and two seeds per hole. The mass ratio of the urea, potassium chloride and superphosphate is 38-43:24-26:18-22.

[0010] 3. Flowering period management When the first inflorescence appears, apply bean nutrient fertilizer at a rate of 32-37 kg per mu; The preparation method of the kidney bean nutrient fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing potassium sulfate, calcium nitrate, glutamic acid, zinc sulfate and deionized water, stirring evenly, adding polyvinyl pyrrolidone and montmorillonite and stirring evenly, then adding chitosan solution, stirring at 36-40° C. for 20-30 minutes, then adding sodium alginate, raising the temperature to 40-45° C., stirring continuously for 27-35 minutes, adding calcium chloride solution after the stirring is completed, keeping the temperature and stirring for 4.3-5.0 hours, filtering, washing and drying after the stirring is completed to obtain the kidney bean nutrient fertilizer; The mass volume ratio of the potassium sulfate, calcium nitrate, glutamic acid, zinc sulfate, deionized water, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, montmorillonite, chitosan solution, sodium alginate, and calcium chloride solution is 8.6-9.0 g:7.2-7.5 g:3.0-3.4 g:1.6-2.0 g:75-85 g:2.4-2.6 g:6.0-6.5 g:30-40 mL:1.3-1.6 g:28-32 g; The chitosan solution is an acetic acid solution of chitosan, the mass concentration of the acetic acid solution is 1.8-2.2%, and the mass concentration of the chitosan solution is 2.7-3.2%; The mass concentration of the calcium chloride solution is 2.8-3.2%.

[0011] 4. Pod-setting period management On the 21st to 24th day after the first inflorescence blooms, topdress with chicken manure, compound fertilizer, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, and manganese sulfate per mu. Harvest after the pods mature. Spray the roots with liquid fertilizer once every two batches of harvest, spraying 340-360g per plant for a total of three times. The mass ratio of the chicken manure, compound fertilizer, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, and manganese sulfate is 294-302:7-9:3.0-3.5:2.0-2.3:0.6-0.8; The first compound fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, wherein N:P2O5:K2O =14-17:13-17:26-32; The liquid fertilizer is a mixture of deionized water, compound fertilizer II, and glycine, wherein the mass ratio of the deionized water, compound fertilizer II, and glycine is 1000:3.3-3.7:0.5-0.8; The second compound fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, wherein N:P2O5:K2O =8-11:9-12:14-17.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following beneficial effects: 1. In the cultivation method of kidney beans of the present invention, coating, sowing, flowering management and pod-setting management are carried out in sequence. Specifically, in the coating step, diatomaceous earth and sodium polyacrylate are compounded. Sodium polyacrylate is used as a highly absorbent resin, which has excellent water absorption performance and can slowly release water for seed germination. Diatomaceous earth has a porous structure, which can absorb excess water while maintaining the air permeability of the seeds and enhancing stress resistance. The present invention first calcines the diatomaceous earth and treats it with a silane coupling agent, which can increase the porosity of the diatomaceous earth. rate, and can improve the compatibility with organic ingredients such as sodium polyacrylate, promote the uniformity of coating, combined with humic acid, carbendazim, sodium molybdate and other ingredients, can better sterilize and fix nitrogen, provide nutrients, reduce the incidence of diseases during growth, and promote protein synthesis in fruits. Gum arabic is used as a binder, combined with sodium alginate and calcium chloride solution, which can enhance the strength of the coating layer, form a three-dimensional network structure, promote the uniform adhesion of functional slurry to the seed surface, and can coat carbendazim in the three-dimensional network, better inhibiting pathogens; During the sowing process, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers are applied to promote seed germination and growth. During the flowering period, a combination of chitosan, montmorillonite, sodium alginate, and calcium chloride solution can slowly release nutrients and enhance the disease resistance of kidney beans. Combined with ingredients such as potassium sulfate, it provides sufficient nutrition for kidney beans, reduces flower and pod drop during subsequent development, and increases protein content. During the pod-setting period, chicken manure can effectively improve soil structure and provide relatively rich sources of phosphorus and potassium for beans, promote the expansion of pods, increase pod weight and per-acre yield, provide sufficient nutrient content for plants, promote plant growth and development, and improve plant resistance to stress. After harvest, timely supplementation of nutrients to plants, glycine can promote the absorption of trace elements, delay plant aging, increase harvest batches, and promote the nutrient content in fruits; 2. Using the cultivation method of the present invention, the incidence of root rot, rust and bacterial blight during the growth of kidney beans is 1.0-1.4%, 1.5-2.0% and 1.3-1.8% respectively. 3. Using the cultivation method of the present invention, the weight of a single bean pod is 16.8-17.4g, and the yield per mu is 2597-2611kg; 4. By adopting the cultivation method of the present invention, the protein content is 2.0-2.3g / 100g, and the vitamin C content is 16.8-17.2mg / 100g. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] In order to more clearly understand the technical features, purposes and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention are now described.

[0014] Example 1 1. Coating 400 g of kidney bean seeds were put into a coating machine, 105 g of functional slurry was added, the stirring speed of the coating machine was controlled to 110 rpm, the coating machine was rotated clockwise for 2.5 min, and counterclockwise for 2.5 min, and the clockwise and counterclockwise rotation of the coating machine was repeated 4 times. The kidney bean seeds were taken out and naturally dried to obtain coated seeds; The functional slurry is prepared by calcining 10 g of diatomaceous earth at 470° C. at a heating rate of 11.0° C. / min for 2.7 h. After calcination, the mixture is naturally restored to room temperature, added to 120 g of deionized water, stirred evenly, and then 1.3 g of kH550 silane coupling agent is added. The temperature is increased to 77° C., and the mixture is kept warm and stirred at 240 rpm for 2.0 h. After the stirring is completed, the solid is filtered out, washed, and dried to constant weight to obtain silane-treated diatomaceous earth. 14 g of silane-treated diatomaceous earth and 11 g of humic acid are stirred evenly, and then 0.12 g of carbendazim and 0.20 g of sodium molybdate are added. After further stirring, 14 g of sodium polyacrylate, 5.3 g of gum arabic, and 2.2 g of sodium alginate are added. The mixture is stirred at 230 rpm for 27 min, and then 110 g of 0.4 wt% calcium chloride solution is added. The temperature is increased to 45° C. and stirred evenly to obtain the functional slurry.

[0015] 2. Sowing Apply fertilizer to the soil, control the application of 43kg of urea, 26kg of potassium chloride, and 22kg of superphosphate per mu. After fertilization, deep plowing is carried out with a plowing depth of 22-27cm. After harrowing and leveling, ridges are formed and covered with film. The ridge width is 48-53cm, the ridge ditch width is 55-60cm, and the ridge height is 5-10cm. The seeds sown are coated seeds. The sowing method is sowing on the side of the ridge, on the film, and in wide and narrow rows. The hole spacing is 24-28cm, two rows per ridge, and 2 seeds per hole.

[0016] 3. Flowering period management When the first inflorescence appears, apply bean nutrient fertilizer at a rate of 37 kg per mu; The preparation method of the kidney bean nutrient fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing 9.0 g of potassium sulfate, 7.5 g of calcium nitrate, 3.4 g of glutamic acid, 2.0 g of zinc sulfate and 85 g of deionized water, stirring evenly, adding 2.6 g of polyvinyl pyrrolidone and 6.5 g of montmorillonite and stirring evenly, then adding 40 mL of chitosan solution, stirring at 40° C. for 20 min, then adding 1.6 g of sodium alginate, raising the temperature to 45° C., continuing stirring for 27 min, adding 32 g of a 2.8 wt % calcium chloride solution after the stirring is completed, keeping the mixture warm and stirring for 4.3 h, filtering, washing and drying after the stirring is completed to obtain the kidney bean nutrient fertilizer; The chitosan solution is an acetic acid solution of chitosan, the mass concentration of the acetic acid solution is 2.2%, and the mass concentration of the chitosan solution is 3.2%.

[0017] 4. Pod-setting period management On the 24th day after the first inflorescence blooms, topdress fertilizers are applied, with 302kg chicken manure, 9kg compound fertilizer, 3.5kg calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 2.3kg magnesium sulfate, and 0.8kg manganese sulfate applied per mu. Harvesting begins after the pods mature. Spray the roots with liquid fertilizer once every two batches of harvest, spraying 360g per plant for a total of three times. The first compound fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, wherein N:P2O5:K2O=17:17:32; The liquid fertilizer is a mixture of deionized water, compound fertilizer II, and glycine, wherein the mass ratio of the deionized water, compound fertilizer II, and glycine is 1000:3.7:0.8; The second compound fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, wherein N:P2O5:K2O =11:9:17.

[0018] Example 2 1. Coating 400 g of kidney bean seeds were put into a coating machine, 95 g of functional slurry was added, the stirring speed of the coating machine was controlled to 90 rpm, the coating machine was rotated clockwise for 1.5 min, and counterclockwise for 1.5 min, and the clockwise and counterclockwise rotation of the coating machine was repeated 4 times. The kidney bean seeds were taken out and naturally dried to obtain coated seeds; The functional slurry is prepared by calcining 10 g of diatomaceous earth at 450° C. at a heating rate of 9.0° C. / min for 2.2 h. After calcination, the mixture is naturally restored to room temperature, added to 100 g of deionized water, stirred evenly, and then 1.0 g of kH550 silane coupling agent is added. The temperature is increased to 74° C., and the mixture is kept warm and stirred at 210 rpm for 3.0 h. After the stirring is completed, the solid is filtered out, washed, and dried to constant weight to obtain silane-treated diatomaceous earth. 10 g of silane-treated diatomaceous earth and 8 g of humic acid are stirred evenly, and then 0.08 g of carbendazim and 0.16 g of sodium molybdate are added. After further stirring, 10 g of sodium polyacrylate, 5.0 g of gum arabic, and 1.7 g of sodium alginate are added. The mixture is stirred at 200 rpm for 32 min, and then 90 g of 0.6 wt% calcium chloride solution is added. The temperature is increased to 40° C. and stirred evenly to obtain the functional slurry.

[0019] 2. Sowing Apply fertilizer to the soil, control the application of 38kg of urea, 24kg of potassium chloride, and 18kg of superphosphate per mu. After fertilization, deep plowing is carried out with a plowing depth of 22-27cm. After harrowing and leveling, ridges are formed and covered with film. The ridge width is 48-53cm, the ridge ditch width is 55-60cm, and the ridge height is 5-10cm. The seeds sown are coated seeds. The sowing method is sowing on the side of the ridge, on the film, and in wide and narrow rows. The hole spacing is 24-28cm, two rows per ridge, and 2 seeds per hole.

[0020] 3. Flowering period management When the first inflorescence appears, apply bean nutrient fertilizer at a rate of 32 kg per mu; The preparation method of the kidney bean nutrient fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing 8.6 g of potassium sulfate, 7.2 g of calcium nitrate, 3.0 g of glutamic acid, 1.6 g of zinc sulfate and 75 g of deionized water, stirring evenly, adding 2.4 g of polyvinyl pyrrolidone and 6.0 g of montmorillonite and stirring evenly, then adding 30 mL of chitosan solution, stirring at 36° C. for 30 min, then adding 1.3 g of sodium alginate, raising the temperature to 40° C., continuing stirring for 35 min, adding 28 g of a 3.2 wt % calcium chloride solution after the stirring is completed, keeping the mixture warm and stirring for 5.0 h, filtering, washing and drying after the stirring is completed to obtain the kidney bean nutrient fertilizer; The chitosan solution is an acetic acid solution of chitosan, the mass concentration of the acetic acid solution is 1.8%, and the mass concentration of the chitosan solution is 2.7%.

[0021] 4. Pod-setting period management On the 21st day after the first inflorescence blooms, topdress fertilizers are applied, with 294kg chicken manure, 7kg compound fertilizer, 3.0kg calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 2.0kg magnesium sulfate, and 0.6kg manganese sulfate applied per mu. Harvesting begins after the pods mature. Spray the roots with liquid fertilizer once every two batches, spraying 340g per plant for a total of three times. The first compound fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, wherein N:P2O5:K2O=14:13:26; The liquid fertilizer is a mixture of deionized water, compound fertilizer II, and glycine, wherein the mass ratio of the deionized water, compound fertilizer II, and glycine is 1000:3.3:0.5; The second compound fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, wherein N:P2O5:K2O =8:12:14.

[0022] Example 3 1. Coating 400 g of kidney bean seeds were put into a coating machine, 100 g of functional slurry was added, the stirring speed of the coating machine was controlled to 100 rpm, the coating machine was rotated clockwise for 2.0 min, and counterclockwise for 2.0 min, and the clockwise and counterclockwise rotation of the coating machine was repeated 4 times. The kidney bean seeds were taken out and naturally dried to obtain coated seeds; The functional slurry is prepared by calcining 10 g of diatomaceous earth at 460° C. at a heating rate of 10.0° C. / min for 2.5 h. After calcination, the mixture is naturally restored to room temperature, added to 110 g of deionized water, stirred evenly, and then 1.2 g of kH550 silane coupling agent is added. The mixture is heated to 76° C. and stirred at 220 rpm for 2.5 h. After stirring, the solid is filtered out, washed, and dried to constant weight to obtain silane-treated diatomaceous earth. 12 g of silane-treated diatomaceous earth and 10 g of humic acid are stirred evenly, and then 0.10 g of carbendazim and 0.18 g of sodium molybdate are added. After further stirring, 12 g of sodium polyacrylate, 5.2 g of gum arabic, and 2.0 g of sodium alginate are added. The mixture is stirred at 220 rpm for 30 min. Then, 100 g of 0.5 wt% calcium chloride solution is added. The mixture is heated to 42° C. and stirred evenly to obtain the functional slurry.

[0023] 2. Sowing Apply fertilizer to the soil, control the application of 40kg of urea, 25kg of potassium chloride, and 20kg of superphosphate per mu. After fertilization, deep plowing is carried out with a plowing depth of 22-27cm. After harrowing and leveling, ridges are formed and covered with film. The ridge width is 48-53cm, the ridge ditch width is 55-60cm, and the ridge height is 5-10cm. The seeds sown are coated seeds. The sowing method is sowing on the side of the ridge, on the film, and in wide and narrow rows. The hole spacing is 24-28cm, two rows per ridge, and 2 seeds per hole.

[0024] 3. Flowering period management When the first inflorescence appears, apply bean nutrient fertilizer at a rate of 35 kg per mu; The preparation method of the kidney bean nutrient fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing 8.7 g of potassium sulfate, 7.4 g of calcium nitrate, 3.1 g of glutamic acid, 1.8 g of zinc sulfate and 80 g of deionized water, stirring evenly, adding 2.5 g of polyvinyl pyrrolidone and 6.2 g of montmorillonite and stirring evenly, then adding 35 mL of chitosan solution, stirring at 38° C. for 25 min, then adding 1.5 g of sodium alginate, raising the temperature to 42° C., continuing stirring for 30 min, adding 30 g of a 3.0 wt% calcium chloride solution after the stirring is completed, keeping the mixture warm and stirring for 4.5 h, filtering, washing and drying after the stirring is completed to obtain the kidney bean nutrient fertilizer; The chitosan solution is an acetic acid solution of chitosan, the mass concentration of the acetic acid solution is 2.0%, and the mass concentration of the chitosan solution is 3.0%.

[0025] 4. Pod-setting period management On the 22nd day after the first inflorescence blooms, topdress fertilizers are applied, with 300kg chicken manure, 8kg compound fertilizer, 3.3kg calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 2.1kg magnesium sulfate, and 0.7kg manganese sulfate applied per mu. Harvesting begins after the pods mature. Spray the roots with liquid fertilizer once every two batches, spraying 350g per plant for a total of three times. The first compound fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, wherein N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:30; The liquid fertilizer is a mixture of deionized water, compound fertilizer II, and glycine, wherein the mass ratio of the deionized water, compound fertilizer II, and glycine is 1000:3.5:0.6; The second compound fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, wherein N:P2O5:K2O =10:10:15.

[0026] Comparative Example 3-1 On the basis of Example 3, the following changes are made: 1. Coating Exactly the same as Example 3; 2. Sowing Exactly the same as implementation 3; 3. Flowering period management The preparation method of the kidney bean nutrient fertilizer is as follows: 8.7g of potassium sulfate, 7.4g of calcium nitrate, 5.1g of glutamic acid, and 1.8g of zinc sulfate are uniformly mixed to prepare the kidney bean nutrient fertilizer; The remaining operations are the same as those in Example 3; 4. Pod-setting period management On the 22nd day after the first inflorescence blooms, topdress with 300kg chicken manure and 8kg compound fertilizer per mu. Harvest begins after the pods mature. Spray the roots with liquid fertilizer once every two batches of harvest, 350g per plant, for a total of three times. The first compound fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, wherein N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:30; The liquid fertilizer is a mixture of deionized water and compound fertilizer II, and the mass ratio of the deionized water to the compound fertilizer II is 1000:4.1; The second compound fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, wherein N:P2O5:K2O =10:10:15.

[0027] Comparative Example 3-2 On the basis of Example 3, the following changes are made: 1. Coating The functional slurry is prepared by mixing 10 g of humic acid, 0.10 g of carbendazim and 0.18 g of sodium molybdate, stirring them uniformly, adding 12 g of sodium polyacrylate and 5 g of gum arabic, and stirring at 220 rpm for 30 min to obtain the functional slurry; The rest of the operations are the same as those in Example 3; 2. Sowing Exactly the same as Example 3; 3. Flowering period management When the first inflorescence appears, apply bean nutrient fertilizer at a rate of 35 kg per mu; The preparation method of the kidney bean nutrient fertilizer is as follows: 8.7g of potassium sulfate, 7.4g of calcium nitrate and 80g of deionized water are mixed, stirred evenly, 5.2g of montmorillonite is added and stirred evenly, and the mixture is filtered, washed and dried to prepare the kidney bean nutrient fertilizer; 4. Pod-setting period management On the 22nd day after the first inflorescence blooms, topdress fertilizers are applied, with 300kg chicken manure, 8kg compound fertilizer, 3.3kg calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 2.1kg magnesium sulfate, and 0.7kg manganese sulfate applied per mu; The first compound fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, wherein N:P2O5:K2O =15:15:30.

[0028] Performance Testing In Shouguang City, Weifang City, Shandong Province, 15 mu of land was selected as an experimental base, with each plot of 3 mu being marked as groups 1-5. Then, kidney beans were cultivated using the methods of Examples 1-3, Comparative Example 3-1, and Comparative Example 3-2, respectively. The kidney bean variety was Shuangqing 12, and the rest was cultivated and managed according to general methods. During the bean growth period, the incidence of root rot, rust, and bacterial blight was counted. After harvest, the weight of single pods and yield per mu were calculated. The protein and vitamin C content of the beans were then tested. The specific statistical results are as follows:

[0029] In the cultivation method of kidney beans of the present invention, coating, sowing, flowering period management and pod-setting period management are carried out in sequence. Specifically, in the coating step, diatomaceous earth and sodium polyacrylate are compounded. Sodium polyacrylate is used as a highly absorbent resin, which has excellent water absorption performance and can slowly release water for seed germination. Diatomaceous earth has a porous structure, which can absorb excess water while maintaining the air permeability of the seeds and enhancing stress resistance. The present invention first calcines the diatomaceous earth and treats it with a silane coupling agent, which can increase the porosity of the diatomaceous earth. , and can improve the compatibility with organic ingredients such as sodium polyacrylate, promote the uniformity of coating, combined with humic acid, carbendazim, sodium molybdate and other ingredients, can better sterilize and fix nitrogen, provide nutrients, reduce the incidence of diseases during growth, and promote protein synthesis in fruits. Gum arabic is used as a binder, combined with sodium alginate and calcium chloride solution, which can enhance the strength of the coating layer, form a three-dimensional network structure, promote the uniform attachment of functional slurry to the seed surface, and can coat carbendazim in the three-dimensional network, better inhibiting pathogens; During the sowing process, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers are applied to promote seed germination and growth. During the flowering period, a combination of chitosan, montmorillonite, sodium alginate, and calcium chloride solution can slowly release nutrients and enhance the disease resistance of kidney beans. Combined with ingredients such as potassium sulfate, it provides sufficient nutrition for kidney beans, reduces flower and pod drop during subsequent development, and increases protein content. During the pod-setting period, chicken manure can effectively improve the soil structure, provide relatively rich sources of phosphorus and potassium for beans, promote the expansion of pods, increase pod weight and per-acre yield, provide sufficient nutrient content for plants, promote plant growth and development, and improve plant resistance to stress. After harvesting, timely supplementation of nutrients to plants. Glycine can promote the absorption of trace elements, delay plant aging, increase harvest batches, and promote the nutritional content in the fruit.

[0030] Comparative Example 3-1 coated kidney bean seeds. During the flowering management step, only potassium sulfate, calcium nitrate, and other nutrients were used as bean nutrient fertilizers. This failed to achieve sustained nutrient release, resulting in a short nutrient action time. This caused flower and pod drop during subsequent bean development. Furthermore, the addition of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, and manganese sulfate was omitted during the pod-setting stage, and glycine was omitted from the liquid fertilizer. This resulted in insufficient nutrients for the plants, which reduced their disease resistance, increased morbidity, and decreased yield. Comparative Example 3-2 omitted ingredients such as diatomaceous earth and sodium alginate during the coating process, resulting in poor curing effect of the coating layer, weakened seed respiration, and affected seed development. In the flowering management step, it also omitted ingredients such as chitosan solution and sodium alginate, resulting in poor nutrient release, thereby affecting the growth performance of the plant, weakening disease resistance, and increasing the incidence rate. During the podding stage, liquid fertilizer was omitted after harvest, and nutrition could not be provided to the plant in a timely manner, resulting in severe plant aging, reduced harvest batches, and reduced bean yield and nutritional content.

[0031] Unless otherwise specified, all ratios and percentages described in the present invention are by mass.

[0032] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating kidney beans to improve their marketability, characterized in that: Including coating, sowing, flowering management and pod-setting management steps; The coating step comprises putting kidney bean seeds into a coating machine, adding functional slurry for coating, and obtaining coated seeds; The functional slurry is prepared by treating diatomaceous earth and humic acid with silane, stirring them uniformly, adding carbendazim and sodium molybdate, continuing to stir them uniformly, adding sodium polyacrylate, gum arabic, and sodium alginate, stirring them for 27-32 minutes, adding calcium chloride solution, heating them to 40-45° C., and stirring them uniformly to obtain the functional slurry. The flowering management step is to apply bean nutrient fertilizer at a rate of 32-37 kg per mu when the first inflorescence blooms; The preparation method of the kidney bean nutrient fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing potassium sulfate, calcium nitrate, glutamic acid, zinc sulfate and deionized water, stirring evenly, adding polyvinyl pyrrolidone and montmorillonite and stirring evenly, then adding chitosan solution and stirring for 20-30 minutes, adding sodium alginate and stirring at 40-45° C. for 27-35 minutes, adding calcium chloride solution and stirring at the same temperature for 4.3-5.0 hours to prepare the kidney bean nutrient fertilizer.

2. A cultivation method for improving the commercial quality of kidney beans according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coating step comprises: putting the kidney bean seeds into a coating machine, adding the functional slurry, controlling the stirring speed of the coating machine to 90-110 rpm, rotating the coating machine clockwise for 1.5-2.5 minutes, rotating counterclockwise for 2.5 minutes, repeating the clockwise and counterclockwise rotation of the coating machine four times, taking out the kidney bean seeds, and naturally drying them to obtain coated seeds; The mass ratio of the kidney bean seeds to the functional slurry is 400:95-105.

3. A cultivation method for improving the marketability of kidney beans according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the coating step, the preparation method of the silane-treated diatomaceous earth is as follows: calcining the diatomaceous earth at 450-470° C., with a heating rate of 9.0-11.0° C. / min and a calcination time of 2.2-2.7 hours. After the calcination is completed, the diatomaceous earth is naturally restored to room temperature, added to deionized water, stirred evenly, and then a kH550 silane coupling agent is added. The temperature is increased to 74-77° C., and the mixture is stirred at 210-240 rpm for 2.0-3.0 hours. After the stirring is completed, the solid matter is filtered out, washed, and dried to a constant weight to obtain the silane-treated diatomaceous earth. The mass ratio of the diatomaceous earth, deionized water and kH550 silane coupling agent is 10:100-120:1.0-1.

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4. A cultivation method for improving the marketability of kidney beans according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the preparation method of the functional slurry, the mass ratio of the silane-treated diatomaceous earth, humic acid, carbendazim, sodium molybdate, sodium polyacrylate, gum arabic, sodium alginate and calcium chloride solution is 10-14:8-11:0.08-0.12:0.16-0.20:10-14:5.0-5.3:1.7-2.2:90-110; The mass concentration of the calcium chloride solution is 0.4-0.6%.

5. The method for improving the marketability of kidney beans according to claim 1, wherein: The sowing step comprises applying fertilizer to the soil, controlling the application of urea, potassium chloride, and superphosphate per mu, performing deep plowing after fertilization, the deep plowing depth being 22-27 cm, harrowing and leveling, forming ridges and covering with film, the ridge width being 48-53 cm, the ridge furrow width being 55-60 cm, and the ridge height being 5-10 cm, the sowing seeds are coated seeds, and the sowing method is sowing on the side of the ridge, on the film, in wide and narrow rows, with a hole spacing of 24-28 cm, two rows per ridge, and two seeds per hole; The mass ratio of the urea, potassium chloride and superphosphate is 38-43:24-26:18-22.

6. A cultivation method for improving the marketability of kidney beans according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the preparation method of the kidney bean fertilizer, the mass volume ratio of the potassium sulfate, calcium nitrate, glutamic acid, zinc sulfate, deionized water, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, montmorillonite, chitosan solution, sodium alginate, and calcium chloride solution is 8.6-9.0 g:7.2-7.5 g:3.0-3.4 g:1.6-2.0 g:75-85 g:2.4-2.6 g:6.0-6.5 g:30-40 mL:1.3-1.6 g:28-32 g; The chitosan solution is an acetic acid solution of chitosan, the mass concentration of the acetic acid solution is 1.8-2.2%, and the mass concentration of the chitosan solution is 2.7-3.2%; The mass concentration of the calcium chloride solution is 2.8-3.2%.

7. A cultivation method for improving the marketability of kidney beans according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pod-setting period management step is as follows: on the 21st to 24th day after the first inflorescence opens, topdressing fertilizer is applied, and chicken manure, compound fertilizer, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, and manganese sulfate are applied per mu. Harvesting begins after the pods are mature. Liquid fertilizer is sprayed on the roots once every two batches of harvest, and each plant is sprayed with 340-360g of liquid fertilizer for a total of three times. The mass ratio of the chicken manure, compound fertilizer, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, and manganese sulfate is 294-302:7-9:3.0-3.5:2.0-2.3:0.6-0.8; The first compound fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, wherein N:P2O5:K2O =14-17:13-17:26-32.

8. A cultivation method for improving the marketability of kidney beans according to claim 7, characterized in that: The liquid fertilizer is a mixture of deionized water, compound fertilizer II, and glycine, wherein the mass ratio of the deionized water, compound fertilizer II, and glycine is 1000:3.3-3.7:0.5-0.8; The second compound fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, wherein N:P2O5:K2O =8-11:9-12:14-17.

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