Low-carbon high-efficiency daily ration formula for dairy cows in organic pasture and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-carbon and high-efficiency daily ration formula for dairy cows in an organic pasture and application of the low-carbon and high-efficiency daily ration formula, and belongs to the technical field of livestock breeding. The formula comprises a basic raw material and a self-mixing premix, wherein the basic raw material consists of self-harvested organic full-bead silage, alfalfa, soybean meal, rumen-protected soybean meal, rumen-protected protein, corn DDGS, self-harvested organic corn flour, customized organic corn tablets and the self-mixing premix; the premix contains 15 components including fat powder, organic dicalcium phosphate, protease and the like. During preparation, the coarse feed and the concentrated feed are respectively crushed and mixed, and the premix is added and uniformly stirred. The formula is used for cows in the lactation period, rumen methane emission can be reduced by 10%-15%, the milk protein rate can be increased by 0.1%-0.2%, the daily average milk yield can be increased by 1.5 kg to 2.0 kg, meanwhile, efficient protein utilization and nutrition balance are achieved through the rumen bypass technology and organic element supplement, and the formula is suitable for large-scale application in organic pastures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of animal husbandry, and in particular to a low-carbon and high-efficiency diet formula for dairy cows in an organic pasture and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] The current diet formula for dairy cows on organic pastures is typically based on self-harvested organic roughage (such as whole-plant silage and alfalfa), combined with a certain proportion of concentrate feed (such as soybean meal and corn meal) and premix. Roughage accounts for a higher proportion to meet the cow's fiber needs; concentrate feed primarily provides energy and protein; and premix supplements essential nutrients such as minerals and vitamins.

[0003] The existing diet formula has the following disadvantages:

[0004] 1. Single raw material leads to insufficient nutritional balance

[0005] Organic ranches have strict requirements on the organic properties of feed raw materials. The types of feed available are limited, and it is difficult to achieve precise nutritional balance through a variety of raw material combinations. They need to rely on the additional addition of organic elements to maintain the cows' own metabolism and milk production needs.

[0006] 2. High rumen methane emissions and low protein utilization

[0007] In traditional formulas, protein raw materials such as soybean meal are easily over-degraded in the rumen, resulting in increased urea nitrogen content and serious protein waste; at the same time, incomplete digestion of feed in the rumen will produce a large amount of methane, increasing carbon emissions, and energy utilization efficiency is low, making it difficult to balance low-carbon farming and improved milk production performance.

[0008] Therefore, in view of this, the existing technology was studied and improved, and a low-carbon and high-efficiency diet formula for organic pasture dairy cows and its application were proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to reduce rumen methane emissions, improve protein utilization and milk production, and achieve low-carbon and efficient farming when the raw materials of the diet of dairy cows in organic pastures are single.

[0010] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a low-carbon and high-efficiency diet formula for organic pasture dairy cows, characterized by comprising the following raw materials and weight composition:

[0011] Basic raw materials: 18kg of self-harvested organic (high stubble) whole-pearl silage, 3kg of alfalfa, 0.9kg of soybean meal, 1.5kg of rumen-passed soybean meal, 2kg of corn DDGS, 0.9kg of self-harvested organic corn flour, 2.8kg of customized organic corn flakes, and 1.1kg of self-mixed premix.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention: the self-mixing premix is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0013] 120g fat powder, 225g organic dicalcium phosphate, 160g sodium bicarbonate, 190g organic calcium (natural calcium carbonate or calcium citrate), 15g sodium chloride, 15g magnesium oxide, 100g yeast, 50g methionine, 50g lysine, 100g vitamins and trace elements, 1g organic chromium, 1g yeast selenium, 8g organic zinc, 60g rumen bypass glucose, 5g protease, and the total weight of all raw materials is 1100g.

[0014] As a further solution of the present invention: the self-harvested organic whole-bead silage adopts a high stubble harvesting process, with a stubble height of ≥15 cm;

[0015] The organic calcium is one of natural calcium carbonate and calcium citrate or a mixture of the two.

[0016] As a further solution of the present invention: the total protein content of the soybean meal and the rumen bypass soybean meal is ≥42%, and the rumen bypass protein ratio of the rumen bypass soybean meal is ≥60%.

[0017] As a further solution of the present invention: the starch gelatinization degree of the customized organic corn flakes is ≥35%, and the flakes are prepared by a steam flake process with a thickness of 1.5-2.0 mm.

[0018] As a further solution of the present invention: the protease is a neutral protease derived from Bacillus subtilis, with an enzyme activity of ≥5000 U / g, and the added amount accounts for 0.45%-0.55% of the total weight of the premix.

[0019] As a further solution of the present invention: the rumen bypass glucose is processed by a coating process, the coating material is fatty acid glyceride, and the coating rate is ≥90%.

[0020] As a further solution of the present invention: the formula is used in the daily diet of lactating dairy cows, with a daily feeding amount of 2.5%-3.0% of the cow's body weight, fed in three times.

[0021] As a further solution of the present invention: the diet formula can reduce the rumen methane emission of dairy cows by 10%-15%, while increasing the milk protein rate by 0.1-0.2 percentage points and increasing the average daily milk production of dairy cows by 1.5-2.0 kg.

[0022] As a further solution of the present invention, the roughage (whole silage, alfalfa) and concentrate (soybean meal, rumen-passed soybean meal, etc.) in the basic raw materials are crushed separately, mixed according to proportion, and then the premix is added and evenly stirred to prepare the diet formula.

[0023] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0024] 1. Significant low-carbon emission reduction effects

[0025] By adding neutral protease derived from Bacillus subtilis (enzyme activity ≥5000U / g), the rumen methane emissions of dairy cows can be specifically reduced by 10%-15%, reducing carbon emissions in the breeding process, which is in line with the trend of green breeding.

[0026] 2. Improved protein utilization and milk production performance

[0027] The use of heat-treated rumen-passed soybean meal (rumen-passed protein ratio ≥ 60%) can reduce the degradation and waste of protein in the rumen and increase the supply of rumen-passed protein. Combined with soybean meal to make the total protein content ≥ 42%, it can increase the milk protein rate by 0.1-0.2 percentage points, and at the same time increase the average daily milk production of dairy cows by 1.5-2.0kg, significantly improving economic benefits.

[0028] 3. Optimization of feed digestibility and nutrient absorption

[0029] High-stubble whole-plant silage (stubble height ≥15cm) retains more fiber structure and is combined with corn flakes prepared by steam flaking (starch gelatinization degree ≥35%, thickness 1.5-2.0mm) to improve the digestibility and utilization of roughage and concentrate feed.

[0030] Rumen-bypass glucose adopts fatty acid glyceride coating technology (coating rate ≥ 90%) to avoid premature fermentation of glucose in the rumen, making it more efficiently absorbed in the small intestine and optimizing the energy supply path.

[0031] 4. Nutritional balance and health protection

[0032] Organic elements such as organic calcium (natural calcium carbonate or calcium citrate), organic chromium, yeast selenium, and organic zinc are added to the self-mixed premix. Under the conditions of organic pastures with a single raw material, the minerals and trace elements required by dairy cows to maintain their own metabolism and milk production are accurately supplemented to ensure the health of dairy cows.

[0033] 5. Process feasibility and ease of operation

[0034] The formula preparation process is simple. The roughage and concentrate are crushed separately and mixed in proportion, and then the premix is added and stirred evenly. It is suitable for large-scale application in organic ranches. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 The present invention is a logic diagram of a low-carbon and high-efficiency diet formula for dairy cows on an organic pasture and its application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The present invention will be further described below.

[0037] 1. Basic Example (Conventional Organic Diet Formula)

[0038] Example 1

[0039] Raw material composition (based on claim 1):

[0040] Roughage: 18kg of self-harvested organic whole grain silage (stubble height 15cm), 3kg of alfalfa

[0041] Concentrated feed: 0.9kg soybean meal (44% protein content), 1.5kg rumen-passed soybean meal (60% rumen protein content), 2kg corn DDGS, 0.9kg self-harvested organic corn flour, 2.8kg custom-made organic corn flakes (35% gelatinization, 1.5mm thickness)

[0042] Premix: 1.1kg self-mixed premix (containing 5g protease, enzyme activity 5000U / g)

[0043] Preparation process:

[0044] 1. Crush the roughage (silage, alfalfa) into 2-3cm segments;

[0045] 2. Grind concentrated feed (soybean meal, rumen-passed soybean meal, etc.) into 40 mesh;

[0046] 3. Mix the coarse and concentrated feeds in proportion, add the premix and stir evenly to prepare the daily diet.

[0047] Application parameters:

[0048] Daily feeding amount for lactating dairy cows: 3.0% of body weight, fed in 3 divided doses.

[0049] Effect data:

[0050] Methane emissions reduction: 10%

[0051] Daily milk production increased: 1.5kg

[0052] Milk protein rate increased: 0.1 percentage points

[0053] 2. Optimized implementation (enhanced low-carb and milk production performance)

[0054] Example 2

[0055] Raw material adjustment:

[0056] Rumen-bypass soybean meal: rumen-bypass protein ratio increased to 65%

[0057] Corn flakes: Steam flake process optimization, gelatinization degree increased to 40%, thickness 1.8mm

[0058] Premix: The amount of protease added was increased to 6g (accounting for 0.55% of the total weight of the premix), and the rumen glucose coating rate was increased to 95%.

[0059] Preparation process improvement:

[0060] Crush the roughage into 1.5-2cm segments to improve fiber utilization;

[0061] The concentrated feed is crushed to 60 mesh to enhance mixing uniformity.

[0062] Application parameters:

[0063] Daily feeding amount for lactating dairy cows: 2.8% of body weight, fed in 3 divided doses.

[0064] Effect data:

[0065] Methane emissions reduced: 13%

[0066] Average daily milk production increased: 1.8kg

[0067] Milk protein rate increased: 0.15 percentage points

[0068] 3. Comparative Example (Verifying the Impact of Key Processes)

[0069] Example 3 (Protease Removal)

[0070] Raw material adjustment:

[0071] No protease was added to the premix, and the remaining raw materials were the same as in Example 1.

[0072] Effect data:

[0073] Methane emission reduction: 0% (no difference from conventional diet)

[0074] Daily milk production increased by 0.5kg (only relying on rumen protein)

[0075] Milk protein rate increased: 0.05 percentage points

[0076] Conclusion: Protease is the core factor in reducing methane emissions. Without it, the low-carbon effect disappears and the improvement in milk production performance is limited.

[0077] Example 4 (Ordinary soybean meal instead of rumen-bypass soybean meal)

[0078] Raw material adjustment:

[0079] Rumen-bypass soybean meal was replaced with ordinary soybean meal (rumen-bypass protein ratio 30%), and the total soybean meal dosage was increased to 2.4 kg (maintaining total protein content ≥ 42%).

[0080] Effect data:

[0081] Methane emissions reduced: 8% (protease still works, but protein degradation increases)

[0082] Daily milk production increased by 0.8 kg (too much protein degraded in the rumen and insufficient protein supply in the rumen)

[0083] Milk protein rate increased: 0.08 percentage points

[0084] Conclusion: Rumen-bypass soybean meal is the key to improving milk production performance. Ordinary soybean meal leads to protein waste and significantly reduces milk production.

[0085] 4. Comparative Analysis Table of Examples

[0086]

[0087]

[0088] V. Conclusion

[0089] 1. Irreplaceability of core technology:

[0090] Protease is the key to achieving low carbon, and its enzyme activity (≥5000 U / g) and addition ratio (0.45%-0.55%) directly affect the methane emission reduction effect (Example 1 vs. Example 3).

[0091] Rumen bypass soybean meal significantly increases milk production and milk protein rate by increasing the rumen bypass protein ratio (≥60%) and reducing protein waste (Example 1 vs. Example 4).

[0092] 2. Optimize direction effectiveness:

[0093] Increasing the gelatinization degree of corn flakes (35%→40%) and the rumen bypass soybean meal ratio (60%→65%) can further synergistically improve digestibility and milk production performance (Example 2 vs. Example 1).

[0094] 3. Applicability of organic pastures:

[0095] All embodiments are based on organic raw materials and processing techniques (such as high stubble silage, steam tableting, and coated glucose), comply with organic farming standards, and the processes are simple and easy to replicate, making them suitable for large-scale applications.

[0096] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-carbon, high-efficiency diet formula for dairy cows on an organic pasture, characterized by: It includes the following raw materials and weight composition: Basic raw materials: 18kg of self-collected organic whole-pearl silage, 3kg of alfalfa, 0.9kg of soybean meal, 1.5kg of rumen-passed soybean meal, 2kg of corn DDGS, 0.9kg of self-collected organic corn flour, 2.8kg of customized organic corn flakes, and 1.1kg of self-mixed premix.

2. The low-carbon, high-efficiency diet formula for organic dairy cows according to claim 1, characterized in that: The self-mixing premix is composed of the following raw materials by weight: 120g fat powder, 225g organic dicalcium phosphate, 160g sodium bicarbonate, 190g organic calcium, 15g sodium chloride, 15g magnesium oxide, 100g yeast, 50g methionine, 50g lysine, 100g vitamins and trace elements, 1g organic chromium, 1g yeast selenium, 8g organic zinc, 60g rumen bypass glucose, 5g protease, and the total weight of all raw materials is 1100g.

3. The low-carbon, high-efficiency diet formula for organic dairy cows according to claim 1, characterized in that: The self-harvested organic whole-pearl silage adopts a high stubble harvesting process, with a stubble height of ≥15 cm; The organic calcium is one of natural calcium carbonate and calcium citrate or a mixture of the two.

4. The low-carbon, high-efficiency diet formula for organic dairy cows according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total protein content of the soybean meal and the rumen bypass soybean meal is ≥42%, and the rumen bypass protein ratio of the rumen bypass soybean meal is ≥60%.

5. The low-carbon, high-efficiency diet formula for organic dairy cows according to claim 1, characterized in that: The customized organic corn flakes have a starch gelatinization degree of ≥35%, are prepared by a steam flake process, and have a thickness of 1.5-2.0 mm.

6. The low-carbon, high-efficiency diet formula for organic dairy cows according to claim 2, characterized in that: The protease is a neutral protease derived from Bacillus subtilis, with an enzyme activity of ≥5000 U / g, and an added amount accounting for 0.45%-0.55% of the total weight of the premix.

7. The low-carbon, high-efficiency diet formula for organic dairy cows according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rumen bypass glucose is processed by a coating process, the coating material is fatty acid glyceride, and the coating rate is ≥90%.

8. An application of a low-carbon, high-efficiency diet formula for dairy cows on an organic pasture, characterized by: The formula is used as a daily diet for lactating dairy cows, with a daily feeding amount of 2.5% to 3.0% of the dairy cow's body weight, which is fed in three times.

9. The use of a low-carbon, high-efficiency diet formula for organic pasture dairy cows according to claim 8, characterized in that: The diet formula can reduce rumen methane emissions of dairy cows by 10%-15%, while increasing milk protein rate by 0.1-0.2 percentage points and increasing the average daily milk production of dairy cows by 1.5-2.0kg.

10. A method for preparing a low-carbon, high-efficiency diet for dairy cows on an organic pasture, characterized by: The roughage and concentrate in the basic raw materials are crushed separately, mixed according to proportion, and then added with the premix and stirred evenly to prepare the diet formula.

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