Scouring protection device of offshore wind power foundation combined with shellfish culture

Abstract

The invention discloses a scour protection device for an offshore wind power foundation combined with shellfish culture, the scour protection device comprises a recycled concrete anchoring attachment body, an underwater high-strength corrosion-resistant rope and a recycled concrete cylindrical oyster attachment base body, and the recycled concrete anchoring body adopts a four-foot starfish-like shape. The recycled concrete attachment base body is connected with the rope and serves as a high-quality attachment base of shellfish marine organisms. The recycled concrete anchoring bodies, the recycled concrete attaching base bodies and the ropes jointly form the net-shaped scouring protection devices, the net-shaped scouring protection devices are connected in the longitudinal direction to form a base band, and after the net-shaped scouring protection devices are evenly distributed on a seabed, silt in the area can be covered, and silt starting is prevented; the net-shaped structure is effectively prevented from being washed away and gathered together due to the fact that the water flow speed is too high, it is ensured that the scouring protection device of the offshore wind power foundation combined with shellfish culture can be evenly arranged on the seabed, and the protection and culture functions of the scouring protection device are fully exerted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of scour protection of offshore wind power foundations, and in particular to a scour protection device for offshore wind power foundations combined with shellfish farming. Background Art

[0002] Offshore wind turbine foundations are constantly exposed to the dynamic forces of waves and currents, which can easily cause erosion of the seabed surrounding the pile foundations, reducing the foundation's buried depth and, in turn, impacting the safety and service life of the wind turbines. During the pile foundation construction phase, the intense vibrations and shocks generated by pile driving not only damage the physical structure of the seabed but also disrupt the energy and material cycles of the marine ecosystem. Furthermore, oil and wastewater discharged from construction vessels further pollute the seabed and degrade the marine ecosystem.

[0003] Traditional offshore wind power scour protection methods mainly include riprap protection, installation of casing, sand blanket, concrete interlocking chain lock and other protective devices.

[0004] Riprap protection involves scattering large amounts of stone around pile foundations, creating a protective layer of defined thickness and slope to mitigate the scouring effect of currents on the seabed. However, this method has several drawbacks. Firstly, during the riprap construction process, it is difficult to precisely control the distribution and accumulation of the stone blocks, which can lead to uneven accumulation in certain areas, compromising the protective effect. Secondly, large-scale quarrying of stone blocks is not only environmentally damaging but also incurs high transportation and scattering costs. Furthermore, riprap protection can negatively impact the local seabed topography, affecting the habitats and migration routes of marine life.

[0005] Casing protection involves installing a steel or concrete casing around the pile foundation, sinking it to a certain depth to prevent water from eroding the seabed around the pile. While this method can provide some protection, the production, transportation, and installation of the casing are complex and costly. Furthermore, the casing is exposed to seawater for long periods of time and is susceptible to corrosion, requiring regular maintenance and replacement, increasing operating costs. Furthermore, the presence of the casing can also have a certain barrier effect on the marine ecosystem, hindering the natural migration and exchange of marine life.

[0006] Sand blankets are designed to protect against erosion by filling geotextile bags with sand and laying them on the seabed around the piles. However, the installation process is complex, requiring specialized equipment and extensive manpower, resulting in high costs. Furthermore, sand blankets are prone to shifting, breaking, and leaking sand over time, gradually reducing their effectiveness. Laying sand blankets directly overwhelms the existing seabed ecosystem, permanently damaging benthic habitats and hindering the recovery and development of marine ecosystems.

[0007] Concrete chain lock protection involves connecting prefabricated concrete blocks into rows via chains and arranging them around the pile foundation. Although this method can enhance resistance to scouring around the piles to a certain extent, the prefabrication and transportation of concrete blocks consumes a lot of energy and resources, which is very costly. In addition, this rigid protective structure changes the natural flow pattern of the water around the piles, causing the scouring effect of the water on the surrounding seabed to change locally, which may trigger new scouring areas and have an adverse impact on the seabed ecology in a wider area. At the same time, its smooth surface is not conducive to the attachment and growth of marine organisms, and it cannot provide a good habitat for marine organisms, and has little effect on marine ecological restoration.

[0008] As can be seen from the above background technology, most current offshore wind turbine pile foundation protection technologies focus solely on solving scouring problems, fail to fully consider synergy with marine aquaculture, neglect the protection of the marine ecological environment and economic benefits, and are unable to create additional economic value while providing protection. The integrated development of offshore wind power and marine aquaculture is still in the exploratory stage, lacking efficient, environmentally friendly, and economical comprehensive utilization solutions. How to achieve a balance between protection, ecology, and economic benefits while ensuring the stability of offshore wind turbine pile foundations has become a difficult problem that needs to be overcome in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The object of the present invention is to provide a scour protection device for an offshore wind power foundation combined with shellfish farming, so as to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0010] The present invention provides a scour protection device for an offshore wind power foundation combined with shellfish farming, comprising a plurality of recycled concrete anchoring bodies, a plurality of recycled concrete attachment bases and a plurality of ropes; the plurality of recycled concrete anchoring bodies are sequentially connected by the ropes to form an outer periphery, a rope grid formed by connecting the plurality of ropes is provided in the inner middle area of the outer periphery, each side of the rope grid is connected to the recycled concrete attachment base, the recycled concrete anchoring body adopts a four-legged starfish shape, each leg shrinks upward from the bottom to form a prism that is wide at the bottom and narrow at the top, a special-shaped negative pressure hole is provided in the middle of the recycled concrete anchoring body, and the recycled concrete attachment base is used for attaching and farming shellfish and marine organisms.

[0011] Furthermore, each foot of the recycled concrete anchoring body is pre-embedded with a first steel bar vertically, and / or the recycled concrete attachment base is a cylinder, a second steel bar is pre-embedded horizontally in the core of the cylinder, and the rope is connected to the second steel bar.

[0012] Furthermore, the first steel bar and the second steel bar are made of carbon fiber reinforced polymer, the first steel bar is embedded for 200 mm, and 100 mm is exposed at the bottom.

[0013] Furthermore, the shellfish marine organisms are oysters.

[0014] Furthermore, the distance between adjacent recycled concrete anchors is 4000 mm, and the distance between the rope grids is 1000 mm.

[0015] Furthermore, the number of the recycled concrete anchoring bodies is three, and the outer periphery is a triangular structure; or the number of the recycled concrete anchoring bodies is four, and the outer periphery is a quadrilateral structure.

[0016] Furthermore, the rope is made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene double braided rope, with a braided structure of 12 core strands and 16 sheath strands, an outer diameter of 20 mm, and a density of 0.97 g / cm 3 , strength is 400~500 cN / dtex, and wear resistance is ≥100,000 times.

[0017] Furthermore, the upper opening diameter of the negative pressure hole is 200 mm, and the lower opening diameter is 100 mm.

[0018] In addition, the present invention also proposes an offshore wind power scour protection system, which adopts the above-mentioned scour protection device of the offshore wind power foundation combined with shellfish farming. Multiple scour protection devices are expanded longitudinally to form base band A and base band B. The base band A is a rectangular base band formed by the longitudinal expansion of multiple scour protection devices with quadrilateral structures. The base band B is a special-shaped base band formed by the longitudinal expansion of multiple scour protection devices with quadrilateral structures and triangular structures. The base band A and the base band B fully cover the seabed around the pile foundation.

[0019] Furthermore, the scour protection devices in the A base belt and the B base belt are arranged in a radial ring shape with the pile foundation as the center and are densely arranged inside and sparsely arranged outside.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects: The setting of the anchor body increases the contact area between the device and the seabed, improves the stability of the connection between the device and the seabed, and makes the entire device less likely to shift or roll over when impacted by water flow. It can also disperse the impact force of the water flow to a certain extent, reduce the loss of sediment under the anchor body, and promote the sediment in the surrounding seawater to gather under the anchor body, thereby ensuring the stability of the wind power foundation. The setting of the negative pressure hole buffers the downward shear force of the water flow on the seabed under the anchor body, reducing the possibility of sediment being carried away by the water flow. At the same time, this negative pressure effect can also promote the sediment in the surrounding seawater to gather under the anchor body, to a certain extent filling the voids that may be caused by water flow scouring, thereby improving the anti-scouring effect. 2. Use recycled concrete to make aquaculture and scour protection components, utilizing waste resources and reducing dependence on natural stone and other resources. At the same time, it simplifies construction and maintenance processes and reduces construction and operating costs; 3. Compared to traditional protection methods, this invention provides marine organisms with a place to attach and inhabit, promoting the restoration and development of marine ecosystems. By placing an oyster attachment matrix on the mesh structure formed by the scour protection device, it organically integrates oyster farming with offshore wind turbine pile foundation scour protection, changing the existing separation of protection and farming. It fully utilizes the space and resources in the offshore wind power area, creates additional economic value, and promotes the sustainable development of the offshore wind power industry, achieving the integration of offshore wind power and shellfish farming. 4. The mesh scour protection device is arranged in a radial ring around the offshore wind turbine pile foundation, with dense inside and sparse outside. It can effectively change the flow field around the pile, slow down the scouring of the seabed around the pile by the water flow, overcome the problems of uneven protection and poor effect of traditional protection methods, effectively prevent the scouring of seabed sediment around the pile, and ensure the stability of the offshore wind turbine foundation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of the recycled concrete anchoring body proposed in the present invention; Figure 2 A side view of the recycled concrete anchoring body proposed by the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the recycled concrete anchoring body proposed by the present invention; Figure 4 A bottom view of the recycled concrete anchoring body proposed by the present invention; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the recycled concrete anchoring body proposed by the present invention taken along a diagonal line; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the recycled concrete attachment substrate and oyster attachment growth proposed by the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of the scour protection device proposed in the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic structural diagram of the offshore wind power scour protection system proposed by the present invention; Figure 9 This is a top view of the offshore wind power scour protection system proposed by the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the A baseband proposed in the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the B baseband proposed in the present invention.

[0022] In the figure: 1. Recycled concrete anchor; 12. Negative pressure hole; 13. First steel bar; 2. Recycled concrete attachment base; 21. Second steel bar; 22. Oyster; 3. Rope; 4. Base belt A; 5. Base belt B; 6. Pile foundation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] See also Figure 7 The present invention provides a technical solution: a scour protection device for an offshore wind power foundation combined with shellfish farming, comprising a plurality of recycled concrete anchoring bodies 1, a plurality of recycled concrete attachment bases 2 and a plurality of ropes 3; the plurality of recycled concrete anchoring bodies 1 are sequentially connected by ropes 3 to form an outer periphery, a rope grid formed by connecting a plurality of ropes 3 is provided in the inner middle area of the outer periphery, and each side of the rope grid is connected to a recycled concrete attachment base 2, the recycled concrete anchoring body 1 adopts a four-legged starfish shape, each leg shrinks upward from the bottom to form a prism that is wide at the bottom and narrow at the top, and a special-shaped negative pressure hole 12 is provided in the middle of the recycled concrete anchoring body 1 (see Figure 1-5 ), the recycled concrete attachment base 2 is used to attach and cultivate shellfish marine organisms (see Figure 6 ).

[0025] The setting of the anchor body plays an anti-scouring role. Specifically, the anchor body increases the contact area between the device and the seabed, improves the stability of the connection between the device and the seabed, and makes the entire device less likely to shift or roll over when impacted by water flow. It can also disperse the impact force of the water flow to a certain extent, reduce the loss of sediment under the anchor body, and promote the sediment in the surrounding seawater to gather under the anchor body, thereby ensuring the stability of the wind power foundation.

[0026] The recycled concrete anchor 1 has four legs, a starfish-like shape, measuring 1000mm x 1000mm and 300mm high. Each leg tapers upward from the base, forming a prism that is wide at the bottom and narrow at the top, ensuring the anchor rests on the seabed during placement. Each leg is pre-embedded with a first steel bar 13. Made of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), the first steel bar 13 has a diameter of 20mm and a total length of 300mm. The embedded portion is 200mm, leaving 100mm exposed at the bottom. After placement, the anchor rests on the seabed under its own weight.

[0027] A special-shaped negative pressure hole 12 is provided in the middle of the recycled concrete anchor 1, with an upper opening diameter of 200mm and a lower opening diameter of 100mm. The negative pressure hole 12 cushions the shear force of the water on the seabed beneath the anchor, reducing the likelihood of sediment being carried away by the current. Furthermore, this negative pressure effect encourages sediment in the surrounding seawater to gather beneath the anchor, to some extent filling any voids that may be created by water erosion.

[0028] The surface of the recycled concrete attachment substrate is specially treated to create a porous, roughened surface, creating an ideal attachment environment for shellfish. Shellfish prefer materials with a certain degree of roughness and porosity when selecting attachment substrates, and porous, rough surfaces provide more attachment sites. The calcium-rich content of shell powder is naturally attractive to marine shellfish, such as oysters, inducing them to actively attach to concrete surfaces, further enhancing the utility of recycled concrete as a shellfish attachment substrate. Adding shell powder as an aggregate component to recycled concrete effectively reduces cement shrinkage during the hardening process. The filling effect of shell powder also improves the density of concrete. The shell powder particles fill the gaps between cement particles, tightening the concrete's internal structure and improving its durability, extending its service life in marine environments. Furthermore, shell powder, derived from marine organisms, is friendly to the marine ecosystem.

[0029] The recycled concrete attachment base 2 is a cylinder with a diameter of 100 mm and a length of 500 mm. A second steel bar 21 is embedded in the core. The second steel bar 21 is made of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). 50 mm of the two ends are exposed and connected to the rope 3, serving as the tensile end of the cylinder.

[0030] The second steel bar 21 further enhances the tensile strength of the attachment base itself. At the same time, the second steel bar 21 bears the tensile force transmitted by the rope 3, preventing the connection between the attachment base and the rope from breaking due to the force, thereby ensuring the continuity and stability of the entire scour protection device, thereby improving the reliability of scour protection for offshore wind turbine pile foundations.

[0031] Rope 3 is made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) double braided rope with a 12-strand core and a 16-strand sheath, with an outer diameter of 20 mm and a density of 0.97 g / cm 3 The strength is 400~500 cN / dtex and the abrasion resistance is ≥100,000 times. The double braiding method inside and outside is used to improve the strength and protection effect.

[0032] Recycled concrete anchors 1, recycled concrete attachment bases 2, and ropes 3 together form the scour protection device. Recycled concrete anchors 1 are placed at the corners of the scour protection device. Ropes 3 connect these anchors in sequence to form a grid perimeter, with spacing of 4000 mm. A rope grid is arranged in the middle area of the perimeter, formed by connecting multiple ropes 3 at 1000 mm spacing. Each side of the rope grid is connected to a recycled concrete attachment base 2.

[0033] After being deployed on the seabed, the recycled concrete anchor body 1 can rely on the negative pressure of the negative pressure hole 12, the anchoring force of the first steel bar 13 inserted into the mud and sand, and the contact friction between the bottom and the seabed to ensure the stability of the device under the action of water flow. It can be evenly arranged in the designated area, covering the mud and sand in the area and dividing it into grids with a spacing of 1000mm to prevent mud and sand from starting, and effectively preventing the mesh structure from being washed away and gathered together due to excessive water flow speed, ensuring that the mesh scour protection device can be evenly arranged on the seabed to give full play to its protection and aquaculture functions.

[0034] The number of the recycled concrete anchoring bodies 1 is three, and the periphery of the grid is a triangular structure. Alternatively, the number of the recycled concrete anchoring bodies 1 is four, and the periphery of the grid is a quadrilateral structure.

[0035] See also Figure 8-9 The present invention also proposes an offshore wind power scour protection system, which adopts the above-mentioned offshore wind power foundation scour protection device combined with shellfish farming, and multiple scour protection devices are extended longitudinally to form A base bands 4 and B base bands 5 arranged at intervals (see Figure 10-11 ), base band A 4 is a rectangular base band formed by longitudinally connecting multiple scour protection devices with quadrilateral structures, base band B 5 is a special-shaped base band formed by longitudinally extending multiple scour protection devices with quadrilateral structures and triangular structures, base band A 4 and base band B 5 fully cover the seabed around the pile foundation 6, and base band A 4 and base band B 5 form a strip belt, which can also be used as a laying and harvesting base band. The above base bands are arranged in a radial ring around the pile foundation 6 of offshore wind power. Specifically, the scour protection devices in base band A 4 and base band B 5 are arranged in a radial ring with the pile foundation 6 as the center and are densely arranged inside and sparsely arranged outside. The specific range is 20 meters of the pile radius, and the module form can be adjusted from the inside of the pile to the outside according to actual conditions to form a laying form combining base bands A 4 and base band B 5. This arrangement can not only provide more intensive protection in the area close to the pile foundation 6, effectively resist strong scour forces, and protect the safety of the pile foundation 6, but also reasonably utilize space in the external area, taking into account marine ecology and aquaculture needs, and realizing a scientific layout of protection and aquaculture.

[0036] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention realizes the integration of pile foundation protection and aquaculture, innovates in many aspects such as material selection, structural design, layout method and industrial integration process, comprehensively solves the problems existing in the existing offshore wind power pile foundation protection technology, and achieves a balance between protection, ecology and economic benefits.

Claims

1. A scour protection device for an offshore wind power foundation combined with shellfish farming, characterized in that: The invention comprises a plurality of recycled concrete anchoring bodies (1), a plurality of recycled concrete attachment bases (2) and a plurality of ropes (3); the plurality of recycled concrete anchoring bodies (1) are sequentially connected by the ropes (3) to form an outer periphery; a rope grid formed by connecting the plurality of ropes (3) is provided in the inner middle area of the outer periphery; each side of the rope grid is connected to the recycled concrete attachment base (2); the recycled concrete anchoring body (1) adopts a four-legged starfish shape, each leg shrinks upward from the bottom to form a prism that is wide at the bottom and narrow at the top; a special-shaped negative pressure hole (12) is provided in the middle of the recycled concrete anchoring body (1); and the recycled concrete attachment base (2) is used for attaching and cultivating shellfish and marine organisms.

2. The scour protection device for offshore wind power foundation combined with shellfish farming according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each foot of the recycled concrete anchoring body (1) is pre-embedded with a first steel bar (13) vertically, and / or the recycled concrete attachment base (2) is a cylinder, a second steel bar (21) is pre-embedded horizontally in the core of the cylinder, and the rope (3) is connected to the second steel bar (21).

3. The scour protection device for offshore wind power foundation combined with shellfish farming according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first steel bar (13) and the second steel bar (21) are made of carbon fiber reinforced polymer; the first steel bar (13) is embedded for 200 mm and has a bottom exposed for 100 mm.

4. The scour protection device for offshore wind power foundation combined with shellfish farming according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shellfish marine life is oyster.

5. The scour protection device for offshore wind power foundation combined with shellfish farming according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between adjacent recycled concrete anchoring bodies (1) is 4000 mm, and the distance between the rope grids is 1000 mm.

6. The scour protection device for offshore wind power foundation combined with shellfish farming according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the recycled concrete anchoring bodies (1) is three, and the outer periphery is a triangular structure; alternatively, the number of the recycled concrete anchoring bodies (1) is four, and the outer periphery is a quadrilateral structure.

7. The scour protection device for offshore wind power foundation combined with shellfish farming according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rope (3) is made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene double braided rope, with a braided structure of 12 core strands and 16 sheath strands, an outer diameter of 20 mm, and a density of 0.97 g / cm 3 , strength is 400~500 cN / dtex, and wear resistance is ≥100,000 times.

8. The scour protection device for offshore wind power foundation combined with shellfish farming according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper opening diameter of the negative pressure hole (12) is 200 mm, and the lower opening diameter is 100 mm.

9. An offshore wind power scour protection system, which adopts the scour protection device for offshore wind power foundation combined with shellfish farming according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: A plurality of the scour protection devices are longitudinally extended to form an A base band (4) and a B base band (5) arranged at intervals. The A base band (4) is a rectangular base band formed by longitudinally connecting a plurality of scour protection devices with quadrilateral structures. The B base band (5) is a special-shaped base band formed by longitudinally extending a plurality of scour protection devices with quadrilateral structures and triangular structures. The A base band (4) and the B base band (5) fully cover the seabed around the pile foundation (6).

10. The offshore wind power scour protection system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The scour protection devices in the A base belt (4) and the B base belt (5) are arranged in a radial ring shape with the pile foundation (6) as the center and are densely packed inside and sparsely packed outside.

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