Step-by-step laser-assisted coring drilling tool for moon-based extreme environment

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of lunar exploration equipment, and provides a step-by-step laser-assisted coring drilling tool for a moon-based extreme environment, which comprises a switching mechanism, a coring drilling rod, a laser head, a lifting device and a rotating device, a coring drill rod and a laser head are installed on the switching mechanism, and the lifting device is connected with the rotating device. The switching mechanism is used for transversely moving the coring drill rod or the laser head to the position under the rotating device, the rotating device is pressed downwards through the lifting device, so that the coring drill rod or the laser head descends, and the functions of laser rock breaking and mechanical rock breaking coring are achieved. Rapid replacement of the coring drill rod and the laser head is achieved through transverse displacement of the switching mechanism, the rotating device provides rotating power, the lifting device provides axial feeding force, a step-by-step operation mode of laser pre-crushing and mechanical coring is formed, the drilling efficiency is improved, drilling tool abrasion is reduced, and the working efficiency is improved. And the stability and the high efficiency of operation can be kept in the face of extreme environments and complex geological conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of lunar exploration equipment, and in particular relates to a step-by-step laser-assisted coring drill for use in extreme lunar environments. Background Art

[0002] With the deepening of lunar exploration activities, lunar resource exploration has become an important goal of future lunar development. However, the special environment of the lunar surface, such as low gravity, high vacuum and large temperature differences, poses many challenges to existing sampling technologies. Drilling is difficult to break through when encountering hard lunar rocks such as boulders and gravel layers, resulting in severe wear of drill tools and low coring efficiency. In addition, the lack of liquid water on the moon makes cooling and lubrication technology impossible to apply, and the low gravity environment may also affect the stability and accuracy of the drill tools. Laser-assisted rock breaking technology uses a non-contact rock breaking method that uses a high-energy laser beam to heat the rock surface and induce thermal expansion and fracture. It can effectively break rocks, reduce rock strength, and improve the efficiency of mechanical drilling and coring. The present invention proposes a step-by-step laser-assisted coring drill tool for lunar-based extreme environments. It aims to overcome the challenges of the lunar extreme environment, improve sampling efficiency, reduce drill tool wear, and break through lunar-based deep drilling by combining laser with existing mechanical drilling technology. Improve the efficiency of lunar resource exploration. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a step-by-step laser-assisted coring drill for lunar-based extreme environments to solve the problems in the prior art. The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A step-by-step laser-assisted coring drill for extreme lunar environments, comprising a switching mechanism, a coring drill rod, a laser head, a lifting device, and a rotating device; The coring drill rod and the laser head are installed on the switching mechanism, and the lifting device is connected to the rotating device to drive the rotating device to rise and fall. The rotating device is located above the switching mechanism; the switching mechanism is used to move the coring drill rod or the laser head horizontally to the bottom of the rotating device, and the rotating device is pressed down by the lifting device to lower the coring drill rod or the laser head, so as to realize the functions of laser rock breaking and mechanical rock breaking and coring.

[0004] Furthermore, the switching mechanism includes a cover plate, a box body, a shaft body, a synchronous wheel, a conveyor belt, a first pressing block and a second pressing block; The box body is a hollow structure, with the cover plate fixedly connected to the upper and lower sides thereof respectively. The box body is provided with the conveyor belt, and the conveyor belt is sleeved on the two shaft bodies. The shaft bodies are fixedly connected to the synchronous wheel that cooperates with the conveyor belt, and the inner side surface of the conveyor belt is fixedly connected to the first pressure block and the second pressure block; The coring drill rod and the laser head are located below the box body, the top of the coring drill rod is fixedly connected to the first vertical rod, and the top of the laser head is fixedly connected to the second vertical rod; the first vertical rod and the second vertical rod pass through the box body, and the cover plate is provided with a waist-shaped hole for the first and second vertical rods to move horizontally; The first vertical rod and the second vertical rod are located between the first pressure block and the second pressure block; when the conveyor belt rotates forward, the first pressure block pushes the first vertical rod to move horizontally to just below the rotating device; when the conveyor belt rotates backward, the second pressure block pushes the second vertical rod to move horizontally to just below the rotating device.

[0005] Furthermore, a first connecting block is rotatably sleeved on the first vertical rod, and a second connecting block is rotatably sleeved on the second vertical rod. The first connecting block and the second connecting block are both located in the box body, and the sides of the first connecting block and the second connecting block are respectively connected to the box body through a slide groove reset mechanism; The slide return mechanism includes a slide, a guide rod, a slider, a transverse return spring and a limit block; the slide is opened on the inner side of the box body, the guide rod is fixedly installed in the slide, the transverse return spring is sleeved on the guide rod, the limit block is fixedly connected to the guide rod, the slider is slidably sleeved on the guide rod, and the transverse return spring is located between the slider and the limit block; The first connecting block is fixedly connected to the slider of the corresponding slide groove reset mechanism. When the first pressing block pushes the first connecting block to move horizontally to the corresponding limit block to abut the slider, the first vertical rod is located directly below the rotating device. The second connecting block is fixedly connected to the slider of the corresponding slide groove reset mechanism. When the second pressing block pushes the second connecting block to move horizontally to the corresponding limit block to abut the slider, the second vertical rod is located directly below the rotating device.

[0006] Furthermore, a connecting plate is provided above the switching mechanism, and the connecting plate is provided with a first opening, a second opening and a square hole; The first opening and the second opening are located on both sides of the square hole, the first opening and the second opening are connected to the square hole, two pressure plates are arranged in the square hole, the rotating device is located directly above the square hole, and the size of the square hole is adapted to the rotating device; the first vertical rod is arranged in the first opening, and the second vertical rod is arranged in the second opening; the top of the first vertical rod is rotatably connected to the first sliding plate, and the top of the second vertical rod is rotatably connected to the second sliding plate, and the first sliding plate and the second sliding plate are slidably arranged on the upper surface of the connecting plate; When the first vertical rod is moved horizontally to the position directly below the rotating device, the first vertical rod is located between the two pressure plates, and the first sliding plate is located on the upper surfaces of the two pressure plates; When the second vertical rod is moved horizontally to the position directly below the rotating device, the second vertical rod is located between the two pressure plates, and the second sliding plate is located on the upper surfaces of the two pressure plates; The square hole is used for the rotating device to pass through when it descends.

[0007] Furthermore, the top of the first vertical rod passes through the first sliding plate and is fixedly connected to the top plate, a pin hole is provided on the top plate, the output end of the rotating device is fixedly connected to the driving plate, and a pin adapted to the pin hole is provided on the driving plate.

[0008] Furthermore, the pressure plate is slidably mounted on the positioning rod, the bottom of the positioning rod is fixedly connected to the cover plate located above, and a vertical return spring is mounted on the positioning rod.

[0009] Furthermore, the rotating device includes a motor and an outer frame, the motor is installed in the outer frame, the output end of the motor is fixedly connected to the drive plate, the outer frame is rotatably connected to the drive plate, and the outer frame is fixedly connected to the output end of the lifting device.

[0010] Furthermore, the side of the connecting plate is fixedly connected to the top of the box through a support rod, the side of the lifting device is fixedly connected to the lower bracket through an upper bracket, the lower bracket is fixedly connected to the box, and the bottom of the lower bracket is supported on the construction surface.

[0011] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention realizes the rapid replacement of the coring drill rod and the laser head through the lateral displacement of the switching mechanism, the rotating device provides rotational power, and the lifting device provides axial feed force, forming a step-by-step operation mode of laser pre-crushing and mechanical coring, thereby improving drilling efficiency, reducing drill tool wear, and maintaining operation stability and efficiency in the face of extreme environments and complex geological conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 It is the overall structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 At B in the middle, there is a schematic diagram of the switching mechanism; Figure 3 is a schematic top sectional view of a switching mechanism; Figure 4 is a schematic side sectional view of a first connecting block; Figure 5 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram at point A in the middle; Figure 6 1 is a top view of the connecting plate; Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the first sliding plate moving laterally into the square hole; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the coring drill rod being moved horizontally to the middle position; Figure 9 yes Figure 8 The enlarged schematic diagram of point C in the middle; Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the coring drill rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] The following is a combination of the embodiments of the present invention Figures 1-10 , the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the embodiments are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.

[0014] like Figure 1 A step-by-step laser-assisted coring drill for lunar-based extreme environments, comprising a switching mechanism 1, a coring drill rod 2, a laser head 3, a lifting device 7, and a rotating device 8; The coring drill rod 2 and the laser head 3 are installed on the switching mechanism 1, and the lifting device 7 is connected to the rotating device 8 to drive the rotating device 8 to rise and fall. The rotating device 8 is located above the switching mechanism 1; the switching mechanism 1 is used to move the coring drill rod 2 or the laser head 3 horizontally to the bottom of the rotating device 8, and the rotating device 8 is pressed down by the lifting device 7 to lower the coring drill rod 2 or the laser head 3 to realize the functions of laser rock breaking and mechanical rock breaking and coring.

[0015] Specifically, the step-by-step laser-assisted coring drill can be deployed on lunar rovers, exploration equipment, and lunar-based facilities, and can be operated manually or by an unmanned vehicle. The present invention uses a feedback system to monitor the rock breaking status in real time. The feedback system can be a pressure sensor, torque sensor, or displacement sensor to detect the actual operating status of the drill. If the coring drill rod 2 is not operating smoothly and it is difficult for the coring drill rod 2 to drill, the switching mechanism 1 switches to the laser head 3, which uses laser light to crack the rock and weaken its strength. The switching mechanism then switches back to the coring drill rod 2 until the sampling operation is completed. The coring drill rod 2 is a prior art, with a drill bit at its bottom and a hollow structure to facilitate sample entry.

[0016] There are two main types of drilling targets encountered during lunar coring: lunar soil and lunar rock. Lunar soil drilling primarily relies on drill feed monitoring, generally maintaining a constant drill feed rate while monitoring drill pressure. A sudden increase in drill pressure indicates possible encounter with hard rock, prompting laser assistance. Alternatively, both drill feed and drill pressure can be monitored, and if the drill feed remains constant, drilling may indicate rock jamming and prompting a stop. Lunar rock drilling primarily relies on drill pressure control, generally maintaining a constant drill pressure while monitoring the feed rate. A constant feed indicates possible drill jamming.

[0017] During lunar rock breaking operations, the present invention uses a coring drill rod 2 for mechanical drilling when encountering loose layers or medium-hard rock. When encountering structures such as high-hardness or intact boulders, the process switches to laser mode, using a laser head 3 to pre-treat the rock, cracking and fragmenting it, before switching back to mechanical mode to complete the rock breaking. This step-by-step process can be controlled by a control system with closed-loop logic. When a mode switch is required, the switching mechanism 1 rotates, aligning the coring drill rod 2 or the laser head 3 with the operating position, completing the mode switch. In specific implementation, the coring drill rod 2 is first moved horizontally by the switching mechanism 1 to directly below the rotating device 8. The lifting mechanism 7 drives the rotating device 8 downward, generating a downward torque that forces the coring drill rod 2 to drill into and sample. When laser rock breaking is required, the switching mechanism 1 moves the laser head 3 horizontally to directly below the rotating device 8. The lifting mechanism 7 drives the rotating device 8 downward, deactivating the rotating device 8. The laser head 3 then moves downward, using laser energy to pre-crack the rock. The coring drill rod 2 then drills into and samples are then sampled.

[0018] The present invention realizes the rapid replacement of the coring drill rod 2 and the laser head 3 through the lateral displacement of the switching mechanism 1. The rotating device 8 provides rotational power, and the lifting device 7 provides axial feed force, forming a step-by-step operation mode of laser pre-crushing and mechanical coring, which improves drilling efficiency, reduces drill tool wear, and can maintain operation stability and efficiency in extreme environments and complex geological conditions. Through the coordinated work of laser and mechanical drilling tools, the present invention has broad application prospects in lunar resource exploration.

[0019] like Figure 2-Figure 4 The switching mechanism 1 includes a cover plate 101, a box body 102, a shaft body 103, a synchronous wheel 104, a conveyor belt 110, a first pressing block 106 and a second pressing block 112; The box body 102 is a hollow structure, and the cover plate 101 is fixedly connected to the upper and lower sides thereof. The box body 102 is provided with the conveyor belt 110, and the conveyor belt 110 is sleeved on the two shaft bodies 103. The shaft bodies 103 are fixedly connected to the synchronous wheel 104 that cooperates with the conveyor belt 110. The inner side of the conveyor belt 110 is fixedly connected to the first pressing block 106 and the second pressing block 112. The coring drill rod 2 and the laser head 3 are located below the box 102. The top of the coring drill rod 2 is fixedly connected to the first vertical rod 201, and the top of the laser head 3 is fixedly connected to the second vertical rod 301. The first vertical rod 201 and the second vertical rod 301 pass through the box 102. The cover plate 101 is provided with a waist-shaped hole for the first vertical rod 201 and the second vertical rod 301 to move horizontally. The first vertical rod 201 and the second vertical rod 301 are located between the first pressure block 106 and the second pressure block 112; when the conveyor belt 110 rotates forward, the first pressure block 106 pushes the first vertical rod 201 to move horizontally to directly below the rotating device 8; when the conveyor belt 110 rotates reversely, the second pressure block 112 pushes the second vertical rod 301 to move horizontally to directly below the rotating device 8.

[0020] The shaft 103 is arranged vertically, and the conveyor belt 110 horizontally moves the first vertical rod 201 and the second vertical rod 301 through the first and second pressure blocks. The bottom of one of the shafts 103 passes through the cover plate 101 and is connected to the drive motor 113. The conveyor belt 110 is driven by the drive motor 113, and the synchronous wheel 104 drives the conveyor belt 110 to rotate. The first and second pressure blocks move with the conveyor belt 110, pushing the first vertical rod 201 (on the side of the core drill rod 2) or the second vertical rod 301 (on the side of the laser head 3) to move horizontally along the waist-shaped hole until the slider 1071 abuts the limit block 109, completing the position switching. The present invention utilizes the continuous transmission of the conveyor belt 110 to convert the rotational motion into the linear motion of the first and second pressure blocks, and realizes the horizontal movement through the mechanical contact of the first and second pressure blocks. The waist-shaped hole defines the horizontal movement path of the vertical rod, ensuring that the direction of movement is aligned with the position directly below the rotating device 8.

[0021] Specifically, if Figure 3 The first vertical rod 201 and the second vertical rod 301 are distributed at intervals, and the two are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the rotation axis of the rotating device 8. When the conveyor belt 110 rotates counterclockwise, the second vertical rod 301 moves toward the left side of the figure and moves to the middle position to enable the laser mode; when the conveyor belt 110 rotates clockwise, the first vertical rod 201 moves toward the right side of the figure and moves to the middle position to enable the core mode.

[0022] Furthermore, a first connecting block 105 is rotatably mounted on the first vertical rod 201, and a second connecting block 111 is rotatably mounted on the second vertical rod 301. The first connecting block 105 and the second connecting block 111 are both located in the box body 102, and the sides of the first connecting block 105 and the second connecting block 111 are connected to the box body 102 via a sliding groove reset mechanism. The slide return mechanism includes a slide, a guide rod 107, a slider 1071, a transverse return spring 108 and a limit block 109; the slide is provided on the inner side of the box body 102, the guide rod 107 is fixedly installed in the slide, the transverse return spring 108 is sleeved on the guide rod 107, the limit block 109 is fixedly connected to the guide rod 107, the slider 1071 is slidably sleeved on the guide rod 107, and the transverse return spring 108 is located between the slider 1071 and the limit block 109; The first connecting block 105 is fixedly connected to the slider 1071 of the corresponding chute reset mechanism. When the conveyor belt 110 rotates forward, i.e., clockwise, the first pressing block 106 pushes the first connecting block 105 to move horizontally until the corresponding limit block 109 abuts against the slider 1071, and the first vertical rod 201 is located directly below the rotating device 8. The second connecting block 111 is fixedly connected to the slider 1071 of the corresponding slide groove reset mechanism. When the conveyor belt 110 reverses, that is, rotates counterclockwise, when the second pressure block 112 pushes the second connecting block 111 to move horizontally to the corresponding limit block 109 to abut the slider 1071, the second vertical rod 301 is located directly below the rotating device 8.

[0023] Specifically, the first and second connecting blocks 105 and 111 are provided on opposite sides thereof, respectively, between the first and second pressing blocks 106 and 112. The chute reset mechanism performs the functions of positioning, resetting, and limiting. The first and second connecting blocks realize the limiting function through the cooperation of the corresponding sliders 1071 and the guide rods 107, constraining the movement directions of the first and second connecting blocks. The first and second connecting blocks are rotatably connected to the first and second vertical rods, respectively. The first and second connecting blocks can be provided with corresponding through holes for the first and second vertical rods to pass through, thereby not affecting the drilling of the coring drill rod 2. Multiple chute reset mechanisms can be provided on the first and second connecting blocks 105 and 111, and they can be located at different heights without interfering with each other. When the first and second connecting blocks move laterally, the transverse reset spring 108 is compressed by the slider 1071. When the conveyor belt 110 is reset, the transverse reset spring 108 is used to reset the first and second connecting blocks 105 and 111.

[0024] The limit blocks 109 of the sliding groove return mechanism on the first connecting block 105 and the second connecting block 111 constrain their maximum movement range, achieving a positioning function. For example, when the first connecting block 105 moves horizontally to the corresponding limit block 109 abutting the slider 1071, the first connecting block 105 moves to a predetermined position, achieving a positioning function. In this position, the first vertical rod 201 can cooperate with the rotating device 8 to transmit a downward torque. When the second connecting block 111 moves horizontally to the corresponding limit block 109 abutting the slider 1071, the second connecting block 111 moves to a predetermined position.

[0025] In addition, a first notch 1051 is provided on the side of the first connecting block 105, and a second notch (not shown) is provided on the side of the second connecting block 111. The first and second notches are located on the side of the connecting block away from the pressure blocks. The first notch 1051 and the second notch are larger than the two pressure blocks to allow the corresponding pressure blocks to pass through. When the conveyor belt 110 rotates forward, the second pressure block 112 can bypass the synchronous wheel 104 and pass through the second notch. When the conveyor belt 110 rotates backward, the first pressure block 106 can pass through the first notch 1051. This design greatly improves the range and flexibility of the first connecting block 105 and the second connecting block 111. To avoid interference, two synchronous wheels 104 can be provided on the shaft 103, forming a vertical gap between the two synchronous wheels 104 to allow the first and second pressure blocks to bypass the synchronous wheel 104.

[0026] like Figure 5-Figure 9 A connecting plate 9 is provided above the switching mechanism 1, and a first opening 905, a second opening 906 and a square hole 907 are provided on the connecting plate 9; The first opening portion 905 and the second opening portion 906 are located on both sides of the square hole 907, and the first opening portion 905 and the second opening portion 906 are connected to the square hole 907. Two pressure plates 901 are arranged in the square hole 907, and the rotating device 8 is located directly above the square hole 907. The size of the square hole 907 is adapted to the rotating device 8; the first vertical rod 201 is arranged in the first opening portion 905, and the second vertical rod 301 is arranged in the second opening portion 906; the top of the first vertical rod 201 is rotatably connected to the first sliding plate 202, and the top of the second vertical rod 301 is rotatably connected to the second sliding plate 302. The first sliding plate 202 and the second sliding plate 302 are slidably arranged on the upper surface of the connecting plate 9; When the first vertical rod 201 moves horizontally to the position directly below the rotating device 8, the first vertical rod 201 is located between the two pressure plates 901, and the first sliding plate 202 is located on the upper surfaces of the two pressure plates 901; When the second vertical rod 301 moves horizontally to the bottom of the rotating device 8, the second vertical rod 301 is located between the two pressure plates 901, and the second sliding plate 302 is located on the upper surfaces of the two pressure plates 901; The square hole 907 is used for the rotating device 8 to pass through when descending.

[0027] When the first and second vertical rods move laterally, the first and second sliding plates slide on the upper surface of the connecting plate 9. When the first vertical rod 201 or the second vertical rod 301 reaches a predetermined position, it enters the area between the two pressure plates 901. At this time, the sliding plate is supported on the pressure plates. When the rotating device 8 descends, it passes through the square hole 907, and the driving plate 801 connects with the top plate 203 to transmit power. The sliding plate presses the pressure plates 901 downward. The connecting plate 9 serves as an intermediate transition structure. The spatial design of the first and second openings and the square hole 907 provides a non-interfering movement space for the first and second vertical rods to move laterally and the rotating device 8 to move up and down.

[0028] Furthermore, the top of the first vertical rod 201 passes through the first sliding plate 202 and is fixedly connected to the top plate 203. A pin hole 204 is provided on the top plate 203. The output end of the rotating device 8 is fixedly connected to the driving plate 801. The driving plate 801 is provided with a pin 802 adapted to the pin hole 204.

[0029] During the initial descent of the rotating mechanism 8, it slowly rotates the drive plate 801 until the latch 802 contacts the top plate 203. The latch 802 then rotates until it is inserted into the pin hole 204 under the downward pressure of the rotating mechanism 8. Torque is transmitted to the coring drill rod 2 via the drive plate 801, latch 802, top plate 203, and vertical rod, enabling rotary coring. A ball bearing can be positioned at the bottom of the latch 802 to reduce friction. In laser mode, the rotating mechanism 8 is inoperative.

[0030] Furthermore, the pressure plate 901 is slidably mounted on the positioning rod 903 , the bottom of the positioning rod 903 is fixedly connected to the cover plate 101 located above, and a vertical return spring 902 is mounted on the positioning rod 903 .

[0031] When the rotating device 8 is pressed down, the pressure plate 901 slides along the positioning rod 903 and the vertical return spring 902 is compressed; when the rotating device rises, the vertical return spring 902 pushes the pressure plate 901 to return to its original position. After the pressure plate 901 returns to its initial height, the conveyor belt 110 rotates and the final return is achieved through the transverse return spring 108.

[0032] Furthermore, the rotating device 8 includes a motor and an outer frame, the motor is installed in the outer frame, the output end of the motor is fixedly connected to the drive plate 801, the outer frame is rotatably connected to the drive plate 801, and the outer frame is fixedly connected to the output end of the lifting device 7.

[0033] The pressure output by the lifting device 7 is transmitted to the outer frame, but does not act on the motor. The lifting device 7 is a prior art, such as an electric cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, or a motor screw mechanism. The present invention preferably uses a motor screw mechanism.

[0034] Furthermore, the side of the connecting plate 9 is fixedly connected to the top of the box 102 via a support rod. The side of the lifting device 7 is fixedly connected to the lower bracket 4 via an upper bracket 6. The lower bracket 4 is fixedly connected to the box 102, and the bottom of the lower bracket 4 is supported on the construction surface. The lower bracket 4 provides a supporting force to ensure that the coring drill rod 2 can maintain the stability of the entire equipment during sampling. The lower bracket 4 can be provided with a telescopic rod for height adjustment.

[0035] The overall workflow of the present invention is as follows: First, the drilling tool is deployed on the lunar exploration equipment. The initial state is as follows: Figure 1 , the coring drill rod 2 and the laser head 3 are located on both sides. After starting the equipment, the switching mechanism 1 makes the coring drill rod 2 located directly below the rotating device 8, as shown in FIG. Figure 8 During operation, when facing loose or medium-hard rock, the lifting device 7 drives the rotating device 8 downward, and the latch 802 engages the pin hole 204 at the top of the coring drill rod 2, driving the coring drill rod 2 to rotate and drill the core. If hard rock is encountered (e.g., a sudden increase in drilling pressure or a stagnation in drilling footage), the mode switch is triggered: the drive motor 113 is activated, the conveyor belt 110 drives the second pressure block 112 horizontally, the coring drill rod 2 moves left to reset, and the laser head 3 is positioned directly below the rotating device 8. At this time, the rotating device 8 descends (the motor is not operating), and the laser head 3 moves downward to pre-crack the rock. After weakening, the conveyor belt 110 rotates forward to switch back to the coring mode, and the coring drill rod 2 is used to complete the operation.

[0036] During the switching process, the conveyor belt 110, through the pressure block, pushes the corresponding vertical rod to move horizontally along the waist-shaped hole. The slider 1071 of the chute reset mechanism and the corresponding limit block 109 ensure positioning, and the transverse reset spring 108 assists in reset. When the rotating device 8 is pressed downward, the pressure plate 901 slides along the positioning rod 903, and the vertical reset spring 902 resets when it rises. The conical fit of the latch 802 and the pin hole 204 enables rapid docking (the laser mode only positions, not rotates). The feedback system's closed-loop control automatically triggers laser-assisted or mechanical coring to adapt to different geological conditions.

[0037] The present invention utilizes a single power source to vertically advance the laser head 3 and the coring drill rod 2, adapting to the feed requirements of the coring drill rod 2 and enabling the laser light generated by the laser head 3 to approach the rock more closely, thus concentrating its energy. The present invention's integrated design reduces the number of drive components, lowering energy consumption and potential for failure, while also making the overall drilling tool compact enough to accommodate the limited installation space of platforms such as lunar rovers.

[0038] The present invention uses a mechanical structure to achieve coring and mode switching in the vacuum environment of the lunar surface, instead of conventional pneumatic and hydraulic structures. The purpose is to avoid the problem of pneumatic and hydraulic structure failure caused by changes in air pressure and temperature in the extreme environment of the lunar base.

[0039] In addition, if Figure 10The coring drill rod 2 of the present invention also includes another embodiment, namely: the coring drill rod 2 and the first vertical rod 201 include an outer shell and an inner shell 10; the inner shell 10 and the outer shell are both cylindrical structures, the inner shell 10 is inserted into the outer shell and matched through a spline, the top of the inner shell 10 is fixedly connected to the top plate 203, and the top of the outer shell is rotatably sleeved with the corresponding first and second sliding plates, the sliding plates and the top plate 203 are connected by bearings, and the top of the outer shell and the top plate 203 can be connected by bolts, pipe buckles and other components; when sampling, the sample enters the inner shell 10, and when the sampling is completed, the device returns to Figure 1 In the initial state, there is no interference above the core drill rod 2, and the bolts between the outer shell and the top plate 203 can be directly removed, and then the inner shell 10 can be removed through the top plate 203 to quickly remove the sample. The drill bit can be set at the bottom of the outer shell.

[0040] The embodiments described above are merely descriptions of preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit of the present invention, various deformations, modifications, and substitutions made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should fall within the scope of protection determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A step-by-step laser-assisted coring drill for lunar-based extreme environments, characterized by: It comprises a switching mechanism (1), a coring drill rod (2), a laser head (3), a lifting device (7) and a rotating device (8); The coring drill rod (2) and the laser head (3) are installed on the switching mechanism (1); the lifting device (7) is connected to the rotating device (8) and is used to drive the rotating device (8) to rise and fall, and the rotating device (8) is located above the switching mechanism (1); the switching mechanism (1) is used to move the coring drill rod (2) or the laser head (3) horizontally to the bottom of the rotating device (8), and to press the rotating device (8) downward through the lifting device (7) to make the coring drill rod (2) or the laser head (3) descend, so as to realize the functions of laser rock breaking and mechanical rock breaking and coring.

2. The step-by-step laser-assisted coring drill for lunar-based extreme environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The switching mechanism (1) comprises a cover plate (101), a box body (102), a shaft body (103), a synchronous wheel (104), a conveyor belt (110), a first pressing block (106) and a second pressing block (112); The box body (102) is a hollow structure, and the cover plate (101) is fixedly connected to the upper and lower sides thereof respectively. The box body (102) is provided with the conveyor belt (110), and the conveyor belt (110) is sleeved on the two shaft bodies (103). The shaft bodies (103) are fixedly connected to the synchronous wheel (104) that cooperates with the conveyor belt (110), and the inner side surface of the conveyor belt (110) is fixedly connected to the first pressing block (106) and the second pressing block (112); The coring drill rod (2) and the laser head (3) are located below the box (102); the top of the coring drill rod (2) is fixedly connected to the first vertical rod (201), and the top of the laser head (3) is fixedly connected to the second vertical rod (301); the first vertical rod (201) and the second vertical rod (301) pass through the box (102); and the cover plate (101) is provided with a waist-shaped hole for the first vertical rod (201) and the second vertical rod (301) to move horizontally; The first vertical rod (201) and the second vertical rod (301) are located between the first pressing block (106) and the second pressing block (112); when the conveyor belt (110) rotates forward, the first pressing block (106) pushes the first vertical rod (201) to move horizontally to just below the rotating device (8); when the conveyor belt (110) rotates reversely, the second pressing block (112) pushes the second vertical rod (301) to move horizontally to just below the rotating device (8).

3. The step-by-step laser-assisted coring drill for lunar-based extreme environments according to claim 2, characterized in that: A first connecting block (105) is rotatably sleeved on the first vertical rod (201), and a second connecting block (111) is rotatably sleeved on the second vertical rod (301). The first connecting block (105) and the second connecting block (111) are both located in the box body (102), and the sides of the first connecting block (105) and the second connecting block (111) are connected to the box body (102) via a sliding groove reset mechanism. The slide groove reset mechanism includes a slide groove, a guide rod (107), a slider (1071), a transverse reset spring (108) and a limit block (109); the slide groove is opened on the inner side of the box body (102), the guide rod (107) is fixedly installed in the slide groove, the transverse reset spring (108) is sleeved on the guide rod (107), the limit block (109) is fixedly connected to the guide rod (107), the slider (1071) is slidably sleeved on the guide rod (107), and the transverse reset spring (108) is located between the slider (1071) and the limit block (109); The first connecting block (105) is fixedly connected to the slider (1071) of the corresponding slide groove reset mechanism. When the first pressing block (106) pushes the first connecting block (105) to move horizontally to the corresponding limit block (109) to abut the slider (1071), the first vertical rod (201) is located directly below the rotating device (8); The second connecting block (111) is fixedly connected to the slider (1071) of the corresponding slide groove reset mechanism. When the second pressing block (112) pushes the second connecting block (111) to move horizontally to the corresponding limit block (109) to abut the slider (1071), the second vertical rod (301) is located directly below the rotating device (8).

4. The step-by-step laser-assisted coring drill for lunar-based extreme environments according to claim 2, characterized in that: A connecting plate (9) is provided above the switching mechanism (1), and a first opening (905), a second opening (906) and a square hole (907) are provided on the connecting plate (9); The first opening portion (905) and the second opening portion (906) are provided on both sides of the square hole (907), the first opening portion (905) and the second opening portion (906) are connected to the square hole (907), two pressure plates (901) are provided in the square hole (907), the rotating device (8) is located directly above the square hole (907), and the size of the square hole (907) is adapted to the rotating device (8); the first vertical rod (201) is provided in the first opening portion (905), and the second vertical rod (301) is provided in the second opening portion (906); the top of the first vertical rod (201) is rotatably connected to the first sliding plate (202), and the top of the second vertical rod (301) is rotatably connected to the second sliding plate (302), and the first sliding plate (202) and the second sliding plate (302) are slidably provided on the upper surface of the connecting plate (9); When the first vertical rod (201) moves horizontally to the position directly below the rotating device (8), the first vertical rod (201) is located between the two pressure plates (901), and the first sliding plate (202) is located on the upper surfaces of the two pressure plates (901); When the second vertical rod (301) moves horizontally to the position directly below the rotating device (8), the second vertical rod (301) is located between the two pressure plates (901), and the second sliding plate (302) is located on the upper surfaces of the two pressure plates (901); The square hole (907) is used for the rotating device (8) to pass through when descending.

5. The step-by-step laser-assisted coring drill for lunar-based extreme environments according to claim 4, characterized in that: The top of the first vertical rod (201) passes through the first sliding plate (202) and is fixedly connected to the top plate (203), and a pin hole (204) is provided on the top plate (203). The output end of the rotating device (8) is fixedly connected to the driving plate (801), and the driving plate (801) is provided with a latch (802) adapted to the pin hole (204).

6. The step-by-step laser-assisted coring drill for lunar-based extreme environments according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pressure plate (901) is slidably sleeved on the positioning rod (903), the bottom of the positioning rod (903) is fixedly connected to the cover plate (101) located above, and a vertical return spring (902) is sleeved on the positioning rod (903).

7. The step-by-step laser-assisted coring drill for lunar-based extreme environments according to claim 5, characterized in that: The rotating device (8) comprises a motor and an outer frame, the motor is mounted in the outer frame, the output end of the motor is fixedly connected to the drive plate (801), the outer frame is rotatably connected to the drive plate (801), and the outer frame is fixedly connected to the output end of the lifting device (7).

8. The step-by-step laser-assisted coring drill for lunar-based extreme environments according to claim 4, characterized in that: The side of the connecting plate (9) is fixedly connected to the top of the box (102) via a support rod, and the side of the lifting device (7) is fixedly connected to the lower bracket (4) via an upper bracket (6). The lower bracket (4) is fixedly connected to the box (102), and the bottom of the lower bracket (4) is supported on the construction surface.

Images