Model test device for simulating impermeability of tunnel anchoring and shotcreting lining in water-rich stratum

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel single-layer linings, in particular to a model test device for simulating impermeability of water-rich stratum tunnel anchoring and shotcreting linings, which comprises an experimental model unit, the experimental model unit comprises a model box, a partition plate is arranged in the middle of the model box, and an anchoring and shotcreting lining tunnel model is arranged in the model box; a protective formwork is installed on the side edge of the model box, each formwork unit comprises a butt joint column, a butt joint plate and a butt joint groove, each formwork unit comprises a supporting assembly arranged outside the protective formwork, an adjusting assembly is arranged in each supporting assembly, and the protective formworks are fixed through clamping fit of the butt joint plates, the butt joint columns and the butt joint grooves and then through positioning bolts and positioning plates. And a worm and worm gear, a threaded cylinder and a threaded rod in the adjusting assembly drive a positioning plate to extrude the protection template, the pressure of the surrounding environment on the rock stratum can be simulated, the pressure of each template can be independently adjusted, the simulation diversity is improved, and it is ensured that experimental data is true and accurate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of single-layer tunnel lining, in particular to a model test device for simulating the anti-seepage performance of bolt-sprayed lining of a tunnel in a water-rich stratum. Background Art

[0002] Anchor-shotcrete lining is a method of connecting the surrounding rock and the supporting structure through anchor rods and spraying concrete onto the surrounding rock surface using spraying equipment. It is often used in tunnel construction. However, there is currently little systematic research on the stability of tunnel anchor-shotcrete lining in China, especially insufficient long-term stability analysis under complex geological conditions such as high water pressure. It is necessary to combine model tests to study the seepage mechanism of anchor-shotcrete lining. Scaled model tests have lower costs and shorter cycles, and can quickly obtain large amounts of data, providing a scientific basis for subsequent project implementation.

[0003] After searching, the publication number CN107036955B proposed a model test device for simulating the performance of the overall waterproofing and drainage system of a single-layer tunnel lining. The model test device includes an external box and an internal structure. The external box is divided into a steel test box and a water inlet. The steel test box is a square box. The water inlet is set on the outer surface of the steel test box. The water inlet is externally connected to a pressurized water pump. The internal structure is filled in layers in the steel test box. The internal structure includes a fill layer, a primary shotcrete layer, a drainage network, a secondary shotcrete layer and a water outlet. Compared with on-site tests, this device saves costs and ensures the personal safety of the personnel participating in the test. It can simulate the single-layer tunnel lining structure and test the mechanical properties of single-layer lined tunnels. The drainage network is arc-shaped, which is closer to the actual tunnel situation than the flat drainage network, making it easier to test the effect of the drainage network in actual use. It can simulate the waterproofing and drainage test of the single-layer lining drainage system under different water pressure conditions. However, the above patent still has shortcomings in actual use:

[0004] During the simulation experiment, the booster pump can simulate different water pressure conditions. The booster pump is mostly linearly regulated, and the output pressure changes in a regular straight line upward or downward trend. The natural water pressure is affected by factors such as rainfall, tides, and stratum infiltration. The change curve is complex and changeable, but it is more of a gentle change trend. The adjustment of the water pressure by the booster pump will cause excessive fluctuations when the pressure changes, which has a certain impact on the model. It is easy to cause the model rock layer to be damaged due to the impact of the fluctuation, lose its original structural characteristics, and thus cause deviations in the simulation experiment data.

[0005] Based on this, the present invention discloses a model test device for simulating the anti-seepage performance of bolt-sprayed lining of a tunnel in water-rich strata. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the problems in the background technology, the present invention provides a model test device for simulating the anti-seepage performance of bolt-sprayed lining in a tunnel in a water-rich stratum, which includes an experimental model unit and a template unit;

[0007] The experimental model unit includes a model box, a partition is provided in the middle of the model box, an anchor shotcrete lining tunnel model is provided inside the model box, and a protective template is installed on the side of the model box;

[0008] The template unit includes a docking column, a docking plate and a docking groove. The docking column is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the side of the model box and the side of the partition. The docking column and the side of the protective template are both provided with a docking groove. The docking plate is arranged in a cross shape, and both sides of the docking plate are clamped in the inside of the docking groove.

[0009] Wherein, the template unit includes a support component arranged outside the protective template, and an adjustment component is arranged inside the support component;

[0010] Wherein, a pressure input unit is provided inside the model box.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the support assembly includes a base, the upper surface of the base is fixedly connected to a support column, two support columns are provided, and positioning screws are movably provided through the outer surfaces of the two support columns. The positioning screws are evenly distributed vertically along the support columns and correspond one-to-one to the protective templates.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, a positioning plate is provided at the end of the positioning screw, two positioning screws are connected to the outer surface of the positioning plate, the side of the protective template is fixedly connected with a side plate, and the side of the positioning plate away from the positioning screw is clamped on the outer surface of the side plate.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the adjustment assembly includes a threaded barrel that is movably passed through the outer surface of the support column, the threaded barrel is threadedly connected to the outer surface of the positioning screw, a worm gear is fixedly sleeved in the middle of the outer surface of the threaded barrel, and a worm is movably passed through the outer surface of the support column, and the worm is meshingly connected to the worm gear.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the end of the worm is fixedly connected to a knob, and a labor-saving wrench is provided in the middle of the knob.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the pressure delivery unit includes a booster pump, a water pipe and a branch pipe. The water pipe is arranged inside the model box, a booster pump is provided at the water inlet end of the water pipe, and branch pipes are evenly distributed on the outer surface of the water pipe. The pressure delivery unit also includes a wave-breaking component arranged inside the water pipe and an opening and closing component arranged at the end of the branch pipe.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the wave-breaking assembly includes an active rod movably inserted into the side of the water pipe, the end of the active rod extending into the water pipe is fixedly connected to a water wheel, the end of the active rod extending out of the water pipe is fixedly connected to the driving wheel, a driven rod movably inserted into the middle of the water pipe, the end of the driven rod extending out of the water pipe is fixedly connected to the driven wheel, and the driving wheel is meshed with the driven wheel.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the end of the driven rod extending into the water pipe is fixedly connected to an eccentric wheel, elastic ropes are distributed in a circular array on the side of the eccentric wheel, and the end of the elastic rope away from the eccentric wheel is fixedly connected to a counterweight block, a circular plate is provided inside the water pipe, and a damping spring is provided on the side of the circular plate.

[0018] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the opening and closing assembly includes a protective head fixedly connected to the end of the branch pipe, the outer surface of the protective head is covered with gauze, the interior of the protective head is fixedly connected to a sleeve, the interior of the sleeve is slidably connected to a sliding rod, the end of the sliding rod extending out of the sleeve is fixedly connected to a push plate, and an inner spring is provided inside the sleeve, and the inner spring abuts against the end of the sliding rod.

[0019] As a further improvement of this technical solution, the outer surface of the sliding rod is hinged with a pull rod, and the end of the pull rod away from the sliding rod is hinged with an arc plate. The outer surface of the arc plate is fixedly connected with a wedge block, and the wedge block slides and penetrates the outer surface of the protective head.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. In this model test device that simulates the anti-seepage performance of bolted shotcrete lining in tunnels in water-rich strata, the protective formwork is fastened together through the snap-fitting of docking plates, docking columns, and docking grooves, and then fixed with positioning bolts and positioning plates, enabling rapid splicing and installation, enhancing overall connectivity and support effects. During the test, the worm gear, threaded barrel, and threaded rod in the adjustment assembly drive the positioning plate to squeeze the protective formwork, simulating the pressure of the surrounding environment on the rock formation. The pressure of each formwork can be adjusted independently, enhancing the diversity of pressure simulation and ensuring the authenticity and accuracy of the experimental data.

[0022] 2. In this model test device that simulates the anti-seepage performance of bolted shotcrete lining in a tunnel in water-rich strata, when the water pressure of the booster pump changes, the water pressure impacts the circular plate, squeezing the damping spring. At the same time, the water flow drives the water wheel to rotate the eccentric wheel. The centrifugal force of the eccentric wheel causes the counterweight block to collide with the circular plate, offsetting the impact of the water pressure change. The wave-absorbing component effectively weakens the impact of water pressure fluctuations on the model rock formation, preventing rock formation damage, ensuring the stability of the test process, avoiding impact force interference with the data, and ensuring the accuracy of data collection such as pore water pressure.

[0023] 3. In this model test device that simulates the anti-seepage performance of bolted shotcrete lining in water-rich strata tunnels, water flows impact the push plate inside the protective head, pushing the slide rod to squeeze the inner spring. The arc plate drives the wedge block to move through the pull rod to expose the gap for drainage. When the booster pump is turned off, the inner spring rebounds to make the wedge block close the gap. The opening and closing assembly can realize the function of opening the gap for drainage when water flows impact and automatically closing the gap when water pressure disappears, preventing blockage by fine particles in the surrounding rock and preventing sediment from entering with the water flow and affecting the experiment, thereby improving the anti-blocking effect and experimental effectiveness. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the model box of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly and disassembly structure of the docking plate of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the support assembly structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the regulating component of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of the wave-absorbing component of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the eccentric wheel of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the branch structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 9 It is a schematic structural diagram of the protective head of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the opening and closing assembly structure of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 11 This is a cross-section monitoring point arrangement diagram of the present invention.

[0035] The meaning of each number in the figure is:

[0036] 11. Model box; 12. Partition; 13. Anchor-sprayed lining tunnel model; 14. Protective formwork; 21. Docking column; 22. Docking plate; 23. Docking groove; 31. Base; 32. Support column; 33. Positioning screw; 34. Positioning plate; 35. Side plate; 41. Threaded barrel; 42. Worm; 43. Worm gear; 44. Knob; 45. Labor-saving wrench; 51. Booster pump; 52. Water pipe; 53. Branch; 61. Active rod; 62. Water wheel; 63. Active wheel; 64. Driven rod; 65. Driven wheel; 66. Eccentric wheel; 67. Elastic rope; 68. Counterweight; 69. Round plate; 610. Damping spring; 71. Protective head; 72. Gauze; 73. Sleeve; 74. Sliding rod; 75. Push plate; 76. Inner spring; 77. Pull rod; 78. Arc plate; 79. Wedge block. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] To this end, the present invention provides a model test device for simulating the anti-seepage performance of bolt-sprayed lining in tunnels with water-rich strata. Figures 1 to 11 As shown, it includes an experimental model unit and a template unit;

[0039] The experimental model unit includes a model box 11 , a partition 12 is provided in the middle of the model box 11 , an anchor-sprayed lining tunnel model 13 is provided inside the model box 11 , and a protective template 14 is installed on the side of the model box 11 .

[0040] like Figures 2 to 4 As shown, the template unit includes a docking column 21, a docking plate 22 and a docking groove 23. The docking column 21 is fixedly connected to the side inner wall of the mold box 11 and the side of the partition 12. The docking column 21 and the side of the protective template 14 are both provided with a docking groove 23. The docking plate 22 is set in a cross shape, and both sides of the docking plate 22 are clamped in the inside of the docking groove 23.

[0041] The support assembly includes a base 31, the upper surface of the base 31 is fixedly connected to a support column 32, and two support columns 32 are provided. The outer surfaces of the two support columns 32 are movably provided with positioning screws 33, and the positioning screws 33 are evenly distributed vertically along the support columns 32 and correspond one to one with the protective template 14. The ends of the positioning screws 33 are provided with positioning plates 34, and the outer surfaces of the positioning plates 34 are connected to two positioning screws 33. The side of the protective template 14 is fixedly connected to a side plate 35, and the side of the positioning plate 34 away from the positioning screws 33 is clamped on the outer surface of the side plate 35;

[0042] The protective template 14 is installed on the side of the docking column 21 through the docking plate 22. The sides of the protective template 14 and the docking column 21 are both provided with docking grooves 23, and the two ends of the docking plate 22 can be just snapped into the docking grooves 23, thereby realizing the splicing and installation of the protective template 14. Then, the positioning plate 34 at the end of the positioning bolt is used to snap and fix the side, which has the effect of connecting and fixing, connecting the parallel protective templates 14 on the same plane, improving the overall connectivity of the protective template 14, enhancing the supporting effect of the protective template 14, and thereby improving the supporting stability of the protective template 14.

[0043] like Figure 2 、 Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the adjustment assembly includes a threaded barrel 41 that movably passes through the outer surface of the support column 32. The threaded barrel 41 is threadedly connected to the outer surface of the positioning screw 33. A worm gear 43 is fixedly sleeved on the middle part of the outer surface of the threaded barrel 41. A worm 42 is movably passed through the outer surface of the support column 32. The worm 42 is meshed with the worm gear 43. A knob 44 is fixedly connected to the end of the worm 42. A labor-saving wrench 45 is provided in the middle part of the knob 44.

[0044] Remove the docking plates 22 on both sides of the protective template 14, use the labor-saving wrench 45 to drive the knob 44 to rotate, which will drive the worm 42 to rotate, and the worm 42 drives the worm wheel 43 to rotate synchronously, which will drive the threaded barrel 41 to rotate. During the rotation of the threaded barrel 41, the threaded rod will be driven to move and squeeze the positioning plate 34. The squeezing of the positioning plate 34 on the side plate 35 will act on the protective template 14, thereby achieving the purpose of pressurizing the protective template 14. In this way, the pressure effect of the surrounding environment on the rock formation can be simulated, the diversity of pressure simulation is improved, and the accuracy and authenticity of the experimental data are further guaranteed.

[0045] like Figures 6 to 10 As shown, the pressure delivery unit includes a booster pump 51, a water delivery pipe 52 and a branch pipe 53. The water delivery pipe 52 is arranged inside the model box 11. The booster pump 51 is provided at the water inlet end of the water delivery pipe 52. The branch pipes 53 are evenly distributed on the outer surface of the water delivery pipe 52. The pressure delivery unit also includes a wave-absorbing component arranged inside the water delivery pipe 52 and an opening and closing component arranged at the end of the branch pipe 53.

[0046] The wave-breaking assembly includes an active rod 61 movably inserted into the side of the water pipe 52. The end of the active rod 61 extending into the water pipe 52 is fixedly connected to a water wheel 62, and the end of the active rod 61 extending out of the water pipe 52 is fixedly connected to a driving wheel 63. A driven rod 64 is movably inserted into the middle of the water pipe 52. The end of the driven rod 64 extending out of the water pipe 52 is fixedly connected to a driven wheel 65. The driving wheel 63 is meshed with the driven wheel 65. The end of the driven rod 64 extending into the water pipe 52 is fixedly connected to an eccentric wheel 66. Elastic ropes 67 are distributed in a circular array on the side of the eccentric wheel 66. The end of the elastic rope 67 away from the eccentric wheel 66 is fixedly connected to a counterweight block 68. A circular plate 69 is provided inside the water pipe 52, and a damping spring 610 is provided on the side of the circular plate 69.

[0047] When the water pressure is delivered to the junction through the water pipe 52, it will impact the circular plate 69, pushing the circular plate 69 to squeeze the damping spring 610, and squeezing the circular plate 69 on the other side of the damping spring 610, thereby bearing and reducing the impact force when the water pressure changes. Driven by the water flow, the water wheel 62 will be driven to rotate, and after the transmission of the active rod 61 and the active wheel 63, the driven wheel 65 and the driven rod 64 will be driven to rotate rapidly, and then the eccentric wheel 66 will be driven to rotate. The centrifugal force during the rotation of the eccentric wheel 66 will force the counterweight block 68 to move in the direction away from the eccentric wheel 66, achieving the effect of alternating strong and weak pushing of the circular plate 69, and applying a reverse driving force to the circular plate 69 to offset the impact force, thereby achieving the effect of reducing the impact force when the water pressure changes, avoiding the damage caused by the impact force directly acting on the model rock formation, and ensuring the accuracy of the experimental data.

[0048] like Figures 8 to 10 As shown, the opening and closing assembly includes a protective head 71 fixedly connected to the end of the branch pipe 53, the outer surface of the protective head 71 is covered with a fine gauze 72, the interior of the protective head 71 is fixedly connected to a sleeve 73, the interior of the sleeve 73 is slidably connected to a slide rod 74, the end of the slide rod 74 extending out of the sleeve 73 is fixedly connected to a push plate 75, an inner spring 76 is provided inside the sleeve 73, the inner spring 76 abuts against the end of the slide rod 74, the outer surface of the slide rod 74 is hinged with a pull rod 77, the end of the pull rod 77 away from the slide rod 74 is hinged with an arc plate 78, the outer surface of the arc plate 78 is fixedly connected to a wedge block 79, and the wedge block 79 slides and inserts into the outer surface of the protective head 71;

[0049] The impact of the water flow will drive the push plate 75 to move, and then push the slide bar 74 to slide toward the inside of the sleeve 73 and squeeze the inner spring 76. As the slide bar 74 slides, the pull rod 77 will be driven to move tilted, and then the arc plate 78 will be pushed closer to the inner wall of the protective head 71, and the wedge block 79 will move toward the outer surface of the protective head 71 under the push of the arc plate 78. The wedge-shaped design can ensure that a gap can be exposed after a short distance of movement, thereby ensuring the outflow of water. When the booster pump 51 is turned off, the rebound of the inner spring 76 will push the slide bar 74 to move, and then the wedge block 79 will close the gap again under the pull of the pull rod 77, ensuring that the mud and sand soaked by water in normal conditions cannot enter with the water flow, thereby improving the anti-blocking effect.

[0050] The technical solution provided by the present invention is to install a partition 12 in the middle of the model box 11 in an experiment on the anti-seepage performance of the anchor-sprayed lining in a tunnel simulating water-rich strata. The partition 12 divides the model box 11 into two layers, one of which contains a new waterproof and drainage system, and the other does not have the new waterproof and drainage system, which is used for a control experiment. An anchor-sprayed lining tunnel model 13 is built inside the model box 11, and rock-like masses are poured in the parts other than the anchor-sprayed lining tunnel model 13. A water pipe 52 is pre-buried in the model box 11, and a booster pump 51 is used to maintain a continuous supply of water in the model. By adjusting the booster pump 51, the water supply in the model can be continuously maintained. The water pressure of the diverter is controlled, and multiple water pressure monitoring points, stress monitoring points, and strain monitoring points are set in the model box 11. The water pressure monitoring point corresponds to A, the stress monitoring point corresponds to B, and the strain monitoring point corresponds to C. Each of them is equipped with a water pressure gauge and an external static strain data acquisition instrument to record the pore water pressure value during the test, verify the durability of the anchor spray lining under high water pressure and the applicability of the new waterproofing and drainage system. By scaling down the actual project, the complex geological and mechanical environment of the site can be accurately simulated in the laboratory, thereby evaluating the rationality and reliability of the design scheme;

[0051] A protective template 14 is provided on the side of the model box 11, and the protective template 14 is installed on the side of the docking column 21 through a docking plate 22. The sides of the protective template 14 and the docking column 21 are provided with docking grooves 23, and the two ends of the docking plate 22 can be just snapped into the docking grooves 23, so that the splicing installation of the protective template 14 is realized, and then the positioning plate 34 at the end of the positioning bolt is used to snap and fix the side, which has the effect of connecting and fixing, and connecting the parallel protective templates 14 on the same plane, thereby improving the overall connectivity of the protective template 14 and enhancing the supporting effect of the protective template 14. After the preparation work is completed, turn on the booster pump 51 to continuously supply water pressure through the water pipe 52 and the branch pipe 53, and the strength of the water pressure can be changed. When the pressure changes, the water pressure is transported to the junction through the water pipe 52, which will impact the circular plate 69, push the circular plate 69 to squeeze the damping spring 610, and squeeze the circular plate 69 on the other side of the damping spring 610, so as to withstand and reduce the impact force when the water pressure changes. At the same time, the water wheel 62 is driven by the water flow to rotate, and the driven wheel 65 and the driven rod 64 are driven to rotate rapidly after the transmission of the active rod 61 and the active wheel 63, and then the eccentric wheel 66 is driven to rotate. The centrifugal force during the rotation of the eccentric wheel 66 will force the counterweight block 68 to move away from the eccentric wheel 66, and the configuration block will pull the elastic rope 67. Since the lengths of the elastic ropes 67 at different positions are different, the degree of stretching is different, so the rotation trajectory of the configuration block is unbalanced, resulting in The counterweight 68 rotates unbalancedly to collide with the circular plate 69, thereby achieving the effect of pushing the circular plate 69 alternately with strong and weak forces, and can apply a reverse driving force to the circular plate 69 to offset the impact force, thereby achieving the effect of reducing the impact force when the water pressure changes, and avoiding the damage caused by the impact force directly acting on the model rock formation, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the experimental data. The counterweight 68 rotates unbalanced to collide with the circular plate 69, thereby offsetting the impact force of the water pressure change, and cooperating with the damping spring 610 for buffering. The dual effect reduces the influence of pressure fluctuations on the model rock formation, thereby avoiding damage to the model, ensuring that the water pressure, stress and strain monitoring data are true and reliable, and effectively solving the problem of experimental result deviation caused by impact interference in traditional devices. The water flow is dispersed from the water pipe 52 into each branch pipe 53 and then into the protective head 71. The protective head 7 The outer surface of 1 is wrapped with fine gauze 72 to prevent clogging by fine particles of surrounding rock material. The impact of water flow will drive the push plate 75 to move, which will then push the slide bar 74 to slide towards the inside of the sleeve 73 and squeeze the inner spring 76. In this way, as the slide bar 74 slides, the pull rod 77 will be driven to move tilted, which will push the arc plate 78 to approach the inner wall of the protective head 71, and the wedge block 79 will move toward the outer surface of the protective head 71 under the push of the arc plate 78. The wedge-shaped design can ensure that a gap can be exposed after a short distance of movement, thereby ensuring the outflow of water. When the booster pump 51 is turned off, the rebound of the inner spring 76 will push the slide bar 74 to move, and then the wedge block 79 will close the gap again under the pull of the pull rod 77, ensuring that mud and sand soaked by water in normal conditions cannot enter with the water flow.Improved anti-blocking effect: wedge-shaped block 79 automatically opens for drainage when water impacts, and internal spring 76 drives it to close after water pressure disappears. Combined with the outer covering of fine gauze 72, this realizes the combination of active drainage and passive anti-blocking. Compared with the traditional fixed filter design, it significantly reduces the risk of blockage, ensures stable water flow, maintains a stable experimental environment, and avoids experimental interruption and data failure caused by drainage abnormalities.

[0052] After the formwork is supported, the rock stratum is poured and formed, the docking plates 22 on both sides of the protective formwork 14 are removed, so that there is a gap between the protective formwork 14 and the docking columns 21. At the same time, the protective formwork 14 is supported by the positioning plates 34 and fits the outer surface of the rock stratum. During the simulation experiment, a labor-saving wrench 45 is used to drive the knob 44 to rotate, which in turn drives the worm 42 to rotate, and the worm 42 drives the worm gear 43 to rotate synchronously, which in turn drives the threaded barrel 41 to rotate. Since two threaded rods are connected to the outer surface of the same positioning plate 34 to form a limiting effect, the threaded barrel 41 will drive the threaded rod to move and squeeze the positioning plate 34 during rotation, and the squeezing of the positioning plate 34 on the side plate 35 will act on the protective The protective template 14 achieves the purpose of pressurizing the protective template 14, so as to simulate the pressure effect of the surrounding environment on the rock formation, and each protective template 14 is designed separately. It only needs to install the labor-saving wrench 45 on the knob 44 at the corresponding position to adjust the pressure of the protective template 14 on the corresponding position. The pressure of each protective template 14 can be adjusted independently to simulate multi-directional non-uniform ground stress, which can more realistically restore the formation pressure distribution, effectively solve the problem of disconnection between the experimental scene and the actual working conditions, and greatly improve the engineering reference value of the experimental data. In addition, the multifunctionality of the structure is realized. The same set of support template structure can have the dual effects of convenient disassembly and assembly and simulation of natural pressure.

[0053] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0054] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A model test device for simulating the anti-seepage performance of bolt-sprayed lining in a tunnel in a water-rich stratum, characterized in that: It includes: experimental model unit and template unit; The experimental model unit comprises a model box (11), a partition (12) is provided in the middle of the model box (11), an anchor-sprayed lining tunnel model (13) is provided inside the model box (11), and a protective template (14) is installed on the side of the model box (11); The template unit comprises a docking column (21), a docking plate (22) and a docking groove (23); the docking column (21) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the side of the model box (11) and the side of the partition (12); the docking column (21) and the side of the protective template (14) are both provided with a docking groove (23); the docking plate (22) is arranged in a cross shape, and both sides of the docking plate (22) are clamped in the inside of the docking groove (23); The template unit comprises a support assembly arranged outside the protective template (14), and an adjustment assembly is arranged inside the support assembly; Wherein, a pressure input unit is provided inside the model box (11).

2. The model test device for simulating the anti-seepage performance of bolt-sprayed lining in a tunnel in water-rich strata according to claim 1 is characterized by: The support assembly includes a base (31), the upper surface of the base (31) is fixedly connected to a support column (32), two support columns (32) are provided, and positioning screws (33) are movably provided through the outer surfaces of the two support columns (32), and the positioning screws (33) are evenly distributed vertically along the support columns (32) and correspond one-to-one to the protective templates (14).

3. The model test device for simulating the anti-seepage performance of bolt-sprayed lining in a tunnel in water-rich strata according to claim 2 is characterized by: A positioning plate (34) is provided at the end of the positioning screw (33), and the outer surface of the positioning plate (34) is connected to two positioning screws (33). The side of the protective template (14) is fixedly connected to a side plate (35), and the side of the positioning plate (34) away from the positioning screw (33) is clamped on the outer surface of the side plate (35).

4. The model test device for simulating the anti-seepage performance of bolt-sprayed lining in a tunnel in water-rich strata according to claim 1 is characterized by: The adjustment assembly comprises a threaded barrel (41) movably penetrating the outer surface of the support column (32); the threaded barrel (41) is threadedly connected to the outer surface of the positioning screw (33); a worm gear (43) is fixedly sleeved in the middle of the outer surface of the threaded barrel (41); a worm (42) is movably penetrating the outer surface of the support column (32); the worm (42) is meshedly connected to the worm gear (43).

5. The model test device for simulating the anti-seepage performance of bolt-sprayed lining in a tunnel in water-rich strata according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The end of the worm (42) is fixedly connected to a knob (44), and a labor-saving wrench (45) is provided in the middle of the knob (44).

6. The model test device for simulating the anti-seepage performance of bolt-sprayed lining in a tunnel in water-rich strata according to claim 1 is characterized by: The pressure delivery unit comprises a booster pump (51), a water delivery pipe (52) and a branch pipe (53); the water delivery pipe (52) is arranged inside the model box (11); the booster pump (51) is arranged at the water inlet end of the water delivery pipe (52); the branch pipes (53) are evenly distributed on the outer surface of the water delivery pipe (52); the pressure delivery unit further comprises a wave absorbing component arranged inside the water delivery pipe (52) and an opening and closing component arranged at the end of the branch pipe (53).

7. The model test device for simulating the anti-seepage performance of bolt-sprayed lining in a tunnel in water-rich strata according to claim 6, characterized in that: The wave-breaking assembly comprises an active rod (61) movably inserted into the side of the water pipe (52); one end of the active rod (61) extending into the water pipe (52) is fixedly connected to a water wheel (62); one end of the active rod (61) extending out of the water pipe (52) is fixedly connected to a driving wheel (63); a driven rod (64) movably inserted into the middle of the water pipe (52); one end of the driven rod (64) extending out of the water pipe (52) is fixedly connected to a driven wheel (65); and the driving wheel (63) is meshedly connected to the driven wheel (65).

8. The model test device for simulating the anti-seepage performance of bolt-sprayed lining in a tunnel in water-rich strata according to claim 7, characterized in that: One end of the driven rod (64) extending into the water pipe (52) is fixedly connected to an eccentric wheel (66), elastic ropes (67) are distributed in a circular array on the side of the eccentric wheel (66), and one end of the elastic rope (67) away from the eccentric wheel (66) is fixedly connected to a counterweight (68), and a circular plate (69) is provided inside the water pipe (52), and a damping spring (610) is provided on the side of the circular plate (69).

9. The model test device for simulating the anti-seepage performance of bolt-sprayed lining in a tunnel in water-rich strata according to claim 6, characterized in that: The opening and closing assembly includes a protective head (71) fixedly connected to the end of the branch pipe (53), the outer surface of the protective head (71) is covered with a fine gauze (72), the interior of the protective head (71) is fixedly connected to a sleeve (73), the interior of the sleeve (73) is slidably connected to a slide rod (74), one end of the slide rod (74) extending out of the sleeve (73) is fixedly connected to a push plate (75), the interior of the sleeve (73) is provided with an inner spring (76), and the inner spring (76) abuts against the end of the slide rod (74).

10. The model test device for simulating the anti-seepage performance of bolt-sprayed lining in a tunnel in water-rich strata according to claim 9, characterized in that: The outer surface of the slide rod (74) is hinged with a pull rod (77), and the end of the pull rod (77) away from the slide rod (74) is hinged with an arc plate (78). The outer surface of the arc plate (78) is fixedly connected with a wedge block (79), and the wedge block (79) slides and penetrates the outer surface of the protective head (71).

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