Device and method for researching interference of vector light beams in different spatial modes

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for researching interference of vector light beams in different spatial modes, and relates to the technical field of vector light beam interference. The technical key points of the invention are as follows: the device comprises a laser, a plurality of half-wave plates, a first light beam shifter, a second light beam shifter, an LC device, a third light beam shifter, a plane mirror, a beam splitter prism, a polarization beam splitter, a CCD camera and the like; in the device, in order to reduce energy loss, a light beam shifter is utilized in a light path to adopt two times of beam splitting and one time of beam combination; in order to combine and interfere two vector light beams in different spatial modes, four phase holograms preset by the LC device are used for modulating the four light beams respectively. The device is simple and stable in light path, compact in structure and easy to integrate, interference of two vector light beams in any spatial mode can be completed, and the device and the method provide an implementation way for researching the vector light field interference theory in different spatial modes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of vector light beam interference, and in particular to a device and method for studying the interference of vector light beams in different spatial modes. Background Art

[0002] The wave-particle duality and polarization of light are fundamental concepts in quantum physics and optics, but their precise relationship has yet to be explored within a comprehensive vector light quantum framework for explaining interference polarization modulation. Interference is a key component of the wave theory of light. Theoretical studies have found that the temporal, spatial, and polarization coherence of the light field jointly determine the interference visibility. Currently, the interference of vector light is primarily studied using liquid crystal devices (such as Q-plates) to generate simple patterns of vector light. The interference of the same vector light is then studied by beam splitting and then combining. This approach can only investigate the interference of vector beams with the same spatial structure, limiting the scope of research. However, studying the interference of two vector beams with different spatial patterns will yield richer interference theories. Furthermore, the interference of two vector beams with different spatial patterns will yield vector light fields with various novel and unique spatial structures. Currently, there are no reports on devices and methods for studying the interference of vector beams with different spatial patterns. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To this end, the present invention proposes a device and method for studying the interference of vector light beams with different spatial modes, in an effort to solve or at least alleviate at least one of the above problems.

[0004] According to one aspect of the present invention, a device for studying the interference of different spatial mode vector light beams is proposed, which includes: a first half-wave plate 2 (HWP1), a first beam shifter 3 (BD1), a second half-wave plate 4 (HWP2), a second beam shifter 5 (BD2), an LC device 6, a third half-wave plate 7 (HWP3), a third beam shifter 8 (BD3), a plane mirror 9 (Mirror), a beam splitter 10 (BS), a plane mirror 11 (Mirror), a plane mirror 12 (Mirror), a fourth half-wave plate 13 (HWP4), a polarization beam splitter 14 (PBS), and a CCD camera 15 are placed in sequence along the output light path of the MSL-Ⅲ-532 laser 1; wherein the first half-wave plate 2 is used to convert the polarization of the light output by the laser 1 into 45° polarized light; the first beam shifter 3 is used to split an incident 45° polarized light into a pair of polarization components with orthogonal polarization directions: horizontal polarized light and vertical polarized light, and the horizontal polarization The light has the same intensity as the vertically polarized light; the second half-wave plate 4 is used to adjust the horizontal polarized light and the vertical polarized light to be polarized light in the direction of 45°; the second beam shifter 5 is used to split the two incident beams into a pair of horizontally polarized light and a pair of vertically polarized light, and the light intensity of the four exit light spots is the same; the LC device 6 is used to modulate the four incident beams through four pre-set phase holograms, and output four beams of light carrying modulated phase information; the third half-wave plate 7 is used to convert the horizontal polarized light into vertically polarized light, and the vertical polarized light into horizontally polarized light; the third beam shifter 8 is used to combine the four beams of light modulated by the LC device into two beams of vector light; the plane mirror 9 is used to adjust the angle so that the light of the third beam shifter is incident on the beam splitter prism 10; the beam splitter prism 10 is used to reflect half of the energy of the two incident light beams and transmit half of the energy respectively; the plane mirror 11 and the plane mirror 12 are used to reflect the reflected and transmitted light beams passing through the beam splitter prism 10 again, and finally complete the beam combination through the beam splitter prism 10 again.

[0005] Furthermore, the device's beam splitter prism 10, plane mirror 11 and plane mirror 12 constitute a triangular cavity for the combined interference part of two vector light beams; the plane mirror 11 and plane mirror 12 are placed at a specific angle, and by adjusting their respective positions, the two incident vector light beams are split by the beam splitter prism 10 and then combined again.

[0006] Furthermore, the device also includes a fourth half-wave plate 13 and a polarization beam splitter 14; the fourth half-wave plate 13 and the polarization beam splitter 14 constitute a polarization projection measurement system for measuring the result of combining two vector photosensitivity beams.

[0007] Furthermore, the placement direction of the second beam displacer 5 is: rotated 90° along the longitudinal center axis of the first beam displacer 3 .

[0008] Furthermore, the placement direction of the third beam displacer 8 is: rotated 180° along the transverse central axis of the second beam displacer 3 .

[0009] Furthermore, the wavelength of the laser 1 is 532 nm, and the output light is a linearly polarized Gaussian beam.

[0010] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for studying the interference of vector beams with different spatial modes is proposed. The method is implemented based on the above-mentioned device and comprises the following steps:

[0011] After the output light of the MSL-Ⅲ-532 laser 1 passes through the first half-wave plate 2 for light intensity modulation, the generated light beam with a polarization direction of 45° enters the first beam shifter 3 and is divided into a pair of polarization components with orthogonal polarization directions: horizontal polarization light and vertical polarization light, at this time completing the one-to-two splitting of the light beam; the polarization angles of the horizontal polarization light and the vertical polarization light emitted by the first beam shifter 3 are adjusted to 45° polarization light by the second half-wave plate 4, and after passing through the second beam shifter 5, two beam splittings are completed, at this time completing the two-to-four splitting of the light beam; after being modulated by the LC device 6, the light beam enters the third half-wave plate 7 to complete the exchange of horizontal polarization light and vertical polarization light; after passing through the third beam shifter 8, the horizontal polarization light and the vertical polarization light are respectively combined into two beams, at this time completing the four-to-two splitting of the light beam; after being reflected by the plane mirror 9, the light beam enters the beam splitter prism 10, and after being split by the beam splitter prism 10 and reflected by the plane mirrors 11 and 12, it is finally coaxially superimposed and synthesized into a vector light beam.

[0012] Furthermore, the method further includes testing the quality of the generated dual-vector light field using a polarization projection measurement system composed of a fourth half-wave plate 13 and a polarization beam splitter 14 .

[0013] Furthermore, the phase hologram in the LC device 6 is pre-set according to the following process: modeling the spatial pattern of the target light field through computer software; calculating the required complex amplitude distribution based on the light field to be prepared; converting the obtained complex amplitude distribution into a digital hologram and writing it into the liquid crystal device.

[0014] The beneficial technical effects of the present invention are:

[0015] This invention proposes a device and method for studying the interference of vector light beams with different spatial modes. This device can perform interference between two vector light beams with arbitrary spatial modes, featuring a simple and stable optical path and a compact, easily integrated device. This device and method achieve the goal of interfering between two vector light fields with arbitrary spatial modes, providing a practical approach for studying the theory of interference between vector light fields with different spatial modes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention will become readily apparent by reading the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which several embodiments of the present invention are shown by way of example and not limitation, in which:

[0017] Figure 1 The diagram is a structural diagram of a device for studying the interference of vector light beams with different spatial modes according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the interference of two Laguerre vector beams with different topological charges generated in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the interference between the Ince vector beam and the Laguerre vector beam generated in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The principles and spirit of the present invention will be described below with reference to several exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are provided solely to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make this disclosure more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0021] The principle of the method proposed in the present invention is explained below.

[0022] The principle of generating a vector beam is to superimpose two orthogonal polarization components to create a vector light field. This is also known as a light field with spatially inhomogeneous polarization. In other words, a vector light field is formed by the entangled superposition of two degrees of freedom (polarization and space). To more easily describe the generation of vector light, the following uses Dirac notation.

[0023]

[0024] Here, and These four operators represent four bases, the former is the polarization basis vector, the latter is the space basis vector, and each pair is orthogonal to each other. Equation (1) is the general formula for the vector light field and is a universal result. For simplicity, we usually use |VB1> and |VB2> to represent two different vector light fields.

[0025] When two different vector beams are combined to form a light field, it is expressed as:

[0026] |VB>=|VB1>+e iθ |VB2> (2)

[0027] where θ is the relative phase between the two vector beams.

[0028] The combined vector beams satisfy the superposition principle, and their intensity distribution is:

[0029] I=(|VB1>+|VB2>)(VB1> * +|VB2> * ) (3)

[0030] To this end, the present invention adopts a beam deflector (BD) to replace optical components, and adds a liquid crystal device to separately modulate the two polarization components of the vector beam to construct different vector beams. It proposes a device and method for simultaneously generating phase-locked arbitrary spatial mode dual vector beams, and then completing the interference of the two vector beams by combining the beams.

[0031] The optical path of this invention is divided into two systems. The first is to generate two phase-locked vector beams of different spatial modes. This is accomplished by using BDs in the optical path, using two beam splitting steps and one beam combining step, in conjunction with LC devices. The second is to combine and interfere the two vector beams of different spatial modes. Polarized light is split twice by two BDs and phase modulated by the liquid crystal device. To equalize the original amount, the resulting four beams pass through a plane mirror again and are then beam-combined in a third BD. The four polarized lights are coaxially superimposed, ultimately generating two different vector beams. These beams are then combined in a triangular cavity, achieving beam combining and interference of vector beams of different spatial structures.

[0032] The embodiment of the present invention provides a device for studying the interference of vector beams with different spatial modes, such as Figure 1As shown, the device includes: a first half-wave plate 2 (HWP1), a first beam shifter 3 (BD1), a second half-wave plate 4 (HWP2), a second beam shifter 5 (BD2), an LC device 6, a third half-wave plate 7 (HWP3), a third beam shifter 8 (BD3), a plane mirror 9 (Mirror), a beam splitter 10 (BS), a plane mirror 11 (Mirror), a plane mirror 12 (Mirror), a fourth half-wave plate 13 (HWP4), a polarization beam splitter 14 (PBS), and a CCD camera 15 are placed in sequence along the output light path of the MSL-Ⅲ-532 laser 1; wherein the first half-wave plate 2 is used to convert the polarization of the light output by the laser 1 into 45° polarized light; the first beam shifter 3 is used to split an incident 45° polarized light into a pair of polarization components with orthogonal polarization directions: horizontal polarized light and vertical polarized light, and the horizontal polarized light and the vertical polarized light have the same light intensity; the second half-wave plate 4 is used to Adjust the horizontal polarized light and the vertical polarized light to be 45° polarized light; the second beam shifter 5 is used to split the two incident light beams into a pair of horizontally polarized light and a pair of vertically polarized light, and the light intensity of the four exit light spots is the same; the LC device 6 is used to modulate the four incident light beams through four pre-set phase holograms and output four light beams; the third half-wave plate 7 is used to convert the horizontal polarized light into vertically polarized light, and the vertical polarized light into horizontally polarized light; the third beam shifter 8 is used to synthesize the four light beams modulated by the LC device into two light beams; the plane mirror 9 is used to adjust the angle so that the light of the third beam shifter is incident on the beam splitter prism 10; the beam splitter prism 10 is used to reflect half and transmit half of the two incident light beams respectively; the plane mirror 11 and the plane mirror 12 are used to reflect and re-reflect the light beams reflected and transmitted by the beam splitter prism 10, and finally synthesize them into a light beam through the reflection and transmission of the beam splitter prism 10 again; the CCD camera 15 is used to collect the generated beam of vector light.

[0033] In this embodiment, preferably, the triangular cavity of the device includes a beam splitter prism 10, a plane mirror 11 and a plane mirror 12; the plane mirror 11 and the plane mirror 12 are placed at a specific angle, and by adjusting their respective positions, two incident vector light beams are synthesized into a vector light beam after a series of reflections and refractions.

[0034] In this embodiment, preferably, the device further includes a fourth half-wave plate 13 and a polarization beam splitter 14; the fourth half-wave plate 13 and the polarization beam splitter 14 constitute a polarization projection measurement system for testing the quality of the generated dual-vector light field.

[0035] In this embodiment, preferably, the second beam displacer 5 is placed in a direction of being rotated 90° along the longitudinal center axis of the first beam displacer 3 .

[0036] In this embodiment, preferably, the placement direction of the third beam displacer 8 is: rotated 180° along the transverse central axis of the second beam displacer 3 .

[0037] In this embodiment, preferably, the wavelength of the laser 1 is 532 nm, and the output light is a linearly polarized Gaussian beam.

[0038] In this embodiment, preferably, the phase hologram in the LC device 6 is pre-set according to the following process: modeling the spatial pattern of the target light field through computer software; calculating the required complex amplitude distribution based on the light field to be prepared; converting the obtained complex amplitude distribution into a digital hologram and writing it into the liquid crystal device.

[0039] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for studying the interference of vector light fields with different spatial modes. The method is implemented based on the apparatus described in the above embodiment. The method includes the following steps:

[0040] After the output light of the MSL-Ⅲ-532 laser 1 is modulated by the light intensity of the first half-wave plate, the generated light beam with a polarization direction of 45° enters the first beam shifter 3 and is divided into a pair of polarization components with orthogonal polarization directions: horizontal polarization light and vertical polarization light, at this time completing the one-to-two splitting of the light beam; the polarization angles of the horizontal polarization light and the vertical polarization light emitted by the first beam shifter 3 are adjusted to 45° polarization light by the second half-wave plate 4, and after passing through the second beam shifter 5, two beam splittings are completed, at this time completing the two-to-four splitting of the light beam; after being modulated by the LC device, it enters the third half-wave plate 7 to complete the exchange of horizontal polarization and vertical polarization; after passing through the third beam shifter 8, a beam of horizontal polarization and a beam of vertical polarization are respectively combined into two beams, at this time completing the four-to-two splitting of the light beam; after being reflected by the plane reflector 9, it enters the beam splitter prism 10, and after being split by the beam splitter prism and reflected by the reflector, it is finally coaxially superimposed to form a vector light beam.

[0041] In this embodiment, preferably, the method further comprises using a polarization projection measurement system composed of a fourth half-wave plate 13 and a polarization beam splitter 14 to test the combined vector light beam. Specific embodiment one:

[0043] After the green light output by MSL-Ⅲ-532 laser 1 (wavelength of 532nm) passes through the optical quarter-wave plate HWP1, the incident linearly polarized light will be transformed into polarized light with a polarization direction at an angle of 45° to the horizontal angle. Then it will pass through the first BD1, at which time it will be split into a pair of polarization components with orthogonal polarization directions: horizontal component (H light represented by arrow) and vertical component (V light represented by solid circle). The horizontal polarized light is offset and the vertical polarized light is along the direction of the incident light, completing the splitting of the light beam into two. Figure 2The figure shows the internal principle of BD1. Before passing through the second BD2, HWP2 is added between them to adjust the polarization angles of the horizontally polarized and vertically polarized light emitted by BD1 to 45°. After passing through BD2, the beam splitting process is completed twice, resulting in two V beams on the side away from the viewing angle and two H beams on the side close to the viewing angle. The beams then enter the LC device, undergo light field modulation, and are emitted, striking HWP3 to convert the horizontally polarized light into vertically polarized light and vice versa, completing the substrate swap. The four beams enter the third BD3, where one horizontally polarized beam and one vertically polarized beam are combined to form two vector beams. These two vector beams then enter the triangular cavity, where they are reflected and transmitted by the BS and then reflected by the plane mirror. The two vector beams are coaxially superimposed and emitted as a combined beam.

[0044] The following is an example of how to build an experimental optical path:

[0045] 1. Turn on the laser power, take two standard rulers, select a line at a suitable position on the optical platform, place one near and one far, move the laser position so that the laser light passes through the 4-inch optical height holes of the two standard rulers, lock the laser base, and then drag a standard ruler back and forth along the reference line to ensure that the light always passes through the 4-inch optical height. If not, fine-tune the laser.

[0046] 2. Place HWP1 close to the laser so that light is incident on HWP1 and observe the light reflected from the surface and return it to the laser along the same path.

[0047] 3. Place two full-reflection mirrors so that the outgoing light beam follows the line of the optical platform strictly, and adjust the light height of the outgoing light to a strict 4-inch light height. Use the CCD and aperture to calibrate the light height position.

[0048] 4. Insert BD1 and adjust the angle of HWP1. Observe whether the light intensity of the two light spots emitted by BD1 is consistent and whether the two light spots are at the same horizontal height. If not, fine-tune the angle of BD1 so that they are at the same height. Adjust the angle of HWP1 again to make the energy of the two light spots consistent.

[0049] 5. Place HWP2, ensuring that light is incident on it normally, and then insert BD2. At this point, four light spots can be seen behind BD2 using the CCD. Adjust the angles of HWP2 and BD2 together to make the four light spots of the same size and intensity. At this point, two H beams and two V beams are emitted. The H and V beams can be distinguished using the PBS in conjunction with the CCD.

[0050] 6. Insert an LC device so that the two H lights and two V lights incident are modulated through four different areas and then emitted.

[0051] 7. Insert HWP3 at the position of the two V-lights, adjust the angle so that the V-light becomes H-light, then place BD3 and adjust the position so that the H-light and V-light pass through BD3 and combine into two beams.

[0052] 8. Two beams of light enter the reflector. Adjust the position of the reflector so that the beams exit the reflector at a 90° angle.

[0053] 9. Place BS and two reflectors to form a triangular cavity structure so that the two beams of light are incident on BS normally. By adjusting the positions of the two reflectors, the light beams are reflected and transmitted by BS and then reflected by plane mirror 11 and plane mirror 12 respectively before being incident on beam splitter prism 10 normally again. After being transmitted and reflected by beam splitter prism BS, they are combined into one beam and emitted.

[0054] 10. Use the polarization projection measurement system composed of HWP4 and PBS to test the quality of the generated vector light field until the vector light after beam combination is uniform, stable and of high quality.

[0055] 11. Polarization projection measurement is performed through the polarization analyzer optical path, and the measured image is recorded by CCD.

[0056] When complex amplitude modulation is performed on a generated light beam using a liquid crystal (LC) device, a complex amplitude hologram of a vector light field is typically used. Computer software is used to model the spatial pattern and vector properties of the target light field. Based on the desired light field, mathematical methods and algorithms are used to calculate the desired complex amplitude distribution. The resulting complex amplitude distribution is converted into a hologram. The information is then written into the LC device using a mask exposure method.

[0057] Finally, the results of the interference of different spatial mode vector beams obtained by the device and method are as follows: Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown. Figure 2 In the figure, the inter-mode phase of the vortex vector beam |VB1>=(|+2>|R>+|-2>|L>) and |VB2>=(|-1>|R>+|+1>|L>) are The beam combining interference result is . Figure 3 Ince vector beam and vortex vector beam |VB2>=(|-5>|R>+|+5>|L>) in the intermode phase The beam combining interference result when . Figure 2 and Figure 3 It can be seen that the interference of vector beams of different spatial modes can obtain special vector beams with more complex spatial and polarization distributions.

[0058] Although the spirit and principles of the present invention have been described with reference to several specific embodiments, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed, and the division into various aspects does not mean that the features of these aspects cannot be combined to benefit. Such division is only for the convenience of expression. The present invention is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A device for studying the interference of vector beams of different spatial modes, characterized in that: include: Along the output optical path of the MSL-Ⅲ-532 laser 1, the first half-wave plate 2 (HWP1), the first beam shifter 3 (BD1), the second half-wave plate 4 (HWP2), the second beam shifter 5 (BD2), the LC device 6, the third half-wave plate 7 (HWP3), the third beam shifter 8 (BD3), the plane mirror 9 (Mirror), the beam splitter 10 (BS), the plane mirror 11 (Mirror), the plane mirror 12 (Mirror), the fourth half-wave plate 13 (HWP4), the polarization beam splitter 14 (PBS), and the CCD camera 15 are placed in sequence; wherein, The first half-wave plate (2) is used to convert the polarization of light output by the laser (1) into 45° polarized light; The first beam shifter (3) is used to split an incident 45° polarized light into a pair of polarization components with orthogonal polarization directions: horizontal polarized light and vertical polarized light, and the horizontal polarized light and the vertical polarized light have the same light intensity; The second half-wave plate (4) is used to adjust the horizontal polarized light and the vertical polarized light to be polarized light at 45°; The second beam shifter (5) is used to split the two incident light beams into a pair of horizontally polarized light and a pair of vertically polarized light, and the light intensities of the four exiting light spots are the same; The LC device (6) is used to modulate the four incident beams of light through four preset phase holograms and output the four beams of light; The third half-wave plate (7) is used to convert horizontal polarized light into vertical polarized light, and vertical polarized light into horizontal polarized light; The third beam shifter (8) is used to combine the four beams of light modulated by the LC device into two beams of light; The plane reflective mirror (9) is used to adjust the angle so that the light from the third beam shifter is incident on the beam splitter prism BS (10); The beam splitter BS (10) is used to reflect half of the two incident light beams and transmit half of them respectively; The plane reflective mirror (11) and the plane reflective mirror (12) are used to reflect and re-reflect the light beams reflected and transmitted by the beam splitter prism BS (10), and finally synthesize the light beams into one light beam through the reflection and transmission of the beam splitter prism BS (10) again. The CCD camera (15) is used to collect the generated vector light.

2. The device for studying interference of vector beams of different spatial modes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The triangular cavity of the device comprises a beam splitter prism (10), a plane reflector (11) and a plane reflector (12); the plane reflector (11) and the plane reflector (12) are placed at specific angles, and by adjusting their respective positions, two incident vector light beams are synthesized into one vector light beam after a series of reflections and refractions.

3. The device for studying interference of vector beams of different spatial modes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device further comprises a fourth half-wave plate (13) and a polarization beam splitter (14); the fourth half-wave plate (13) and the polarization beam splitter (14) constitute a polarization projection measurement system for measuring the result of combining two vector light beams.

4. The device for studying interference of vector beams of different spatial modes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The placement direction of the second beam shifter (5) is: rotated 90 degrees along the longitudinal center axis of the first beam shifter (3).

5. The device for studying interference of vector light beams of different spatial modes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The placement direction of the third beam shifter (8) is: rotated 180 degrees along the transverse central axis of the second beam shifter (5).

6. The device for studying interference of vector light beams of different spatial modes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wavelength of the laser (1) is 532 nm, and the output light is a linearly polarized Gaussian beam.

7. A method for studying the interference of vector beams of different spatial modes, characterized in that: The method is implemented based on the device according to any one of claims 1 to 6; the method comprises the following steps: After the output light of the MSL-Ⅲ-532 laser (1) passes through the first half-wave plate (2) for light intensity modulation, the generated light beam with a polarization direction of 45° enters the first beam shifter (3) and is divided into a pair of polarization components with orthogonal polarization directions: horizontal polarization light and vertical polarization light, thus completing the splitting of the light beam into two. After passing through the second half-wave plate (4), the polarization angles of the horizontal polarization light and the vertical polarization light emitted from the first beam shifter 3 are adjusted to 45° polarization light, and after passing through the second beam shifter (5), the two polarization components are completed. After the secondary beam splitting, the light beam is split into two and four; after being modulated by the LC device (6), it enters the third half-wave plate (7) to complete the exchange of horizontal polarized light and vertical polarized light; after passing through the third beam shifter (8), a beam of horizontal polarized light and a beam of vertical polarized light are respectively combined into two beams, and the light beam is combined into two; after being reflected by the plane reflector (9), it enters the beam splitting prism (10), and after being split by the beam splitting prism (10) and reflected by the reflectors (11) and (12), it is finally coaxially superimposed to form a vector light beam.

8. The method for studying the interference of vector beams of different spatial modes according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method further comprises using a polarization projection measurement system composed of a fourth half-wave plate (13) and a polarization beam splitter (14) to test a result of combining two vector light beams.

9. The method for studying the interference of vector beams with different spatial modes according to claim 7, characterized in that: The phase hologram in the LC device (6) is pre-set according to the following process: modeling the spatial pattern of the target light field by computer software; calculating the required complex amplitude distribution according to the light field to be prepared; converting the obtained complex amplitude distribution into a digital hologram, and writing it into the liquid crystal device.

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