Saline-alkali soil modifier and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil modifiers, particularly relates to a saline-alkali soil modifier and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problems that most of existing saline-alkali soil modifiers treat salt in soil, the saline-alkali resistance of the soil cannot be improved, nutrient substances in the modifiers are prone to loss, and then the utilization efficiency is low. According to the scheme, the traditional Chinese medicine composition is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 to 30 parts of fructus xanthii, 5 to 30 parts of dead leaves and 1 to 10 parts of sulfur. Through use of cocklebur fruit, dead leaves, sulfur, humic acid, bone meal, biogas slurry, fly ash, urea, ground phosphate rock, a dispersant, a surfactant, aluminum sulfate, potassium sulfate, a gelling agent, pig manure, probiotics, straw, silicate, citric acid and lactic acid bacteria, the salt and alkali resistance of soil is significantly improved, and loss of nutrients in the modifier can be avoided. Therefore, the utilization efficiency is improved, and the crop yield is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali land improvers, and in particular to a saline-alkali land improver and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Soil salinization refers to the process by which salt in the subsoil or groundwater rises to the surface with capillary water and, after evaporation, accumulates in the surface soil. This phenomenon is the accumulation of soluble salts in the soil surface. Due to intense human interference, grassland degradation, desertification, and salinization are becoming increasingly severe, and the rate of biodiversity loss is accelerating. The continuous evaporation of groundwater and soil moisture leads to a dramatic increase in soil salinity, resulting in secondary salinization or exacerbating the severity of primary saline-alkali land. Therefore, groundwater is a crucial factor in soil salinization. Soil salinization prevention and control measures include water conservancy improvements, agricultural technology improvements, biological improvements, and chemical improvements.

[0003] In the existing technology, most saline-alkali land improvers treat the salt in the soil, which cannot improve the soil's own salt-alkali resistance. In addition, the nutrients in the improvers are easily lost, resulting in low utilization efficiency. To this end, we proposed a saline-alkali land improver and a preparation method to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the prior art that most saline-alkali land improvers are for treating the salt in the soil, which cannot improve the salt-alkali resistance of the soil itself, and the nutrients in the improvers are easily lost, thereby resulting in low utilization efficiency. A saline-alkali land improver and a preparation method are proposed.

[0005] The present application provides a saline-alkali land improver and a preparation method thereof, which adopt the following technical solutions: A saline-alkali land improver comprises raw materials, wherein the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 5-30 parts of Xanthium sibiricum fruits, 5-30 parts of dead leaves, 1-10 parts of sulfur, 10-35 parts of humic acid, 5-25 parts of bone meal, 5-25 parts of biogas slurry, 2-20 parts of fly ash, 2-20 parts of urea, 2-20 parts of phosphate rock powder, 1-5 parts of dispersant, 1-5 parts of surfactant, 1-10 parts of aluminum sulfate, 1-10 parts of potassium sulfate, 2-10 parts of gelling agent, 10-50 parts of pig manure, 1-5 parts of probiotics, 10-30 parts of straw, 3-10 parts of silicate, 1-10 parts of citric acid, and 1-5 parts of lactic acid bacteria.

[0006] Furthermore, the raw materials include the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of Xanthium sibiricum fruits, 10-20 parts of dead leaves, 4-8 parts of sulfur, 15-20 parts of humic acid, 10-15 parts of bone meal, 10-15 parts of biogas slurry, 8-15 parts of fly ash, 6-15 parts of urea, 6-15 parts of phosphate rock powder, 2-4 parts of dispersant, 2-4 parts of surfactant, 4-6 parts of aluminum sulfate, 4-6 parts of potassium sulfate, 4-6 parts of gelling agent, 25-35 parts of pig manure, 2-4 parts of probiotics, 15-20 parts of straw, 5-8 parts of silicate, 4-6 parts of citric acid, and 2-4 parts of lactic acid bacteria.

[0007] Furthermore, the raw materials include the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of Xanthium sibiricum, 15 parts of dead leaves, 6 parts of sulfur, 18 parts of humic acid, 12 parts of bone meal, 12 parts of biogas slurry, 10 parts of fly ash, 10 parts of urea, 10 parts of phosphate rock powder, 3 parts of dispersant, 3 parts of surfactant, 5 parts of aluminum sulfate, 5 parts of potassium sulfate, 5 parts of gelling agent, 30 parts of pig manure, 3 parts of probiotics, 18 parts of straw, 7 parts of silicate, 5 parts of citric acid, and 3 parts of lactic acid bacteria.

[0008] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a saline-alkali land improver, comprising the following steps: S1: selecting raw materials and mixing the dry raw materials to obtain dry mixed raw materials; S2: dissolving the wet raw materials in water according to a certain proportion to obtain a wet mixed raw material; S3: Evenly mix the dry mixed raw materials and the wet mixed raw materials, and add a leavening agent; S4: fermenting and composting the mixed raw materials with the starter, and monitoring the process; S5: Screening and removing impurities from the fermented and decomposed materials; S6: The screened and impurity-removed materials are packaged to obtain an improver.

[0009] Furthermore, in S1, the Xanthium sibiricum, dead leaves, humic acid, bone meal, fly ash, phosphate rock powder, and silicate are screened by a screening mechanism to remove impurities in the raw materials, and the raw materials after impurities removal are ground into fine powder by a grinding mechanism, and the raw material fine powder is stirred and mixed by a stirring mechanism to obtain a dry mixed raw material, and the pig manure and straw are crushed and mixed by a crushing mechanism to obtain a compost carrier.

[0010] Furthermore, in S2, under normal temperature conditions, biogas slurry, urea, aluminum sulfate, potassium sulfate, and citric acid are dissolved in water by an adding mechanism to obtain a wet raw material. The organic matter in the biogas slurry will be decomposed by microorganisms in the water to generate carbon dioxide, methane gas, and organic acids. The reaction equation (taking methane generation as an example) is: CH4O+H2O→CO2+3H2. Urea is partially decomposed in water to generate ammonia and carbonate. The released nitrogen element is used for plant absorption. The reaction equation is: CO(NH2)2+H2O→2NH3+CO2. Aluminum sulfate is completely ionized in water to generate aluminum ions and sulfate ions. The reaction equation is: Al2(SO4)3+6H2O→2Al3+3SO4 2- +6H2O, potassium sulfate is completely ionized in water to generate potassium ions and sulfate ions, the reaction equation is: K2SO4+H2O→2K + +SO4 2- +H2O, citric acid partially ionizes in water to generate citrate ions and hydrogen ions, which are used to adjust the pH value of the solution. The reaction equation is: C6H8O7+H2O→C6H7O7 - +H + The dispersant, surfactant and gelling agent are diluted in water in proportion through the dilution mechanism. The dilution ratio of the dispersant to water is 1:10, the dilution ratio of the surfactant to water is 1:4, and the dilution ratio of the gelling agent to water is 1:8.

[0011] Furthermore, in the S3, the dry raw materials and the compost carrier are mixed by a mixing mechanism, the wet raw materials are added by an adding mechanism, and stirring is performed while adding to ensure sufficient mixing, and the diluted dispersant, surfactant, and gelling agent are added. Under greenhouse conditions, the gelling agent molecules interact through hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces to form a three-dimensional network structure, which is used to fix water and nutrients and adjust the pH value of the soil. After the dispersant is added to the material, it is quickly dispersed and covered on the surface of the material particles, reducing the surface tension between the material particles. The silicate is added to the material in the form of powder or granules, and gradually decomposes over time to release silicate ions. The silicate ions are used for plant absorption and utilization, and the surfactant After being added to the material, a thin film will quickly form on the surface of the material, promoting the activity of microorganisms in the material. Finally, activated probiotics and lactic acid bacteria are added and stirred evenly to obtain a soil conditioner. The steps for activating probiotics and lactic acid bacteria are as follows: prepare the MRS culture medium and sterilize it. Inoculate the probiotic powder or liquid and the lactic acid bacteria powder or liquid into the sterilized culture medium respectively. Ensure aseptic operation during inoculation. Place the inoculated culture medium in a constant temperature incubator set at 37°C for cultivation. The cultivation time is 24-48 hours, until the bacteria grow fully and reach the required number of viable bacteria. Take out the cultured probiotic liquid and add it to an appropriate amount of sterile water to make an activation solution.

[0012] Furthermore, in the S4, the mixed raw materials with the addition of the fermentation agent are piled into a nearly trapezoidal stack with a bottom width of 1.5-3.0m, a top width of 0.8-1.2m, and a height of 0.6-1.2m. The surface of the stack is covered with plastic film. At a temperature of 20-45°C and a humidity range of 50%-80%, under aerobic conditions, the activated probiotics and lactic acid bacteria are aerobic fermented. The probiotics are activated in an aerobic environment and begin to multiply in large quantities and secrete amylase, protease and cellulase. The lactic acid bacteria use the organic matter in the material as a nutrient source to ferment and produce lactic acid, thereby lowering the pH value of the material and inhibiting the growth of harmful microorganisms. The organic matter in the pig manure can be converted into humus during the composting process, and the straw can provide the carbon source required for composting. The activated probiotics and lactic acid bacteria can accelerate the fermentation process of the pig manure and straw. The cellulose and lignin in the plant materials of Xanthium sibiricum and dead leaves will be decomposed into simple sugars under the action of microorganisms. Humic acid will also further decompose to release a variety of organic acids and nutrients. The calcium phosphate in bone meal will react with sulfuric acid to produce calcium sulfate and phosphoric acid. The phosphorus in phosphate rock will dissolve in the biogas slurry or sulfuric acid to form phosphates. The silicates and aluminates in fly ash will react with sulfate ions to form corresponding sulfates. Urea will decompose under the action of microorganisms to produce ammonia and carbon dioxide. Aluminum sulfate and potassium sulfate will react with organic acids in the biogas slurry to form corresponding aluminum salts and potassium salts. Citric acid can form citrate with metal ions (such as aluminum and potassium). Phosphates, sulfates, and citrates are used as nutrients required for plant growth. Organic acids and humic acid are used to improve soil aeration and water retention. The pile is monitored in real time by temperature and humidity sensors and cameras, and an alarm receives real-time data from the temperature and humidity sensors and cameras to issue reminders. The pile is turned regularly during the fermentation process to maintain appropriate humidity and temperature.

[0013] Furthermore, in S5 and S6, after the fermentation is completed, the soil conditioner is screened by a screening mechanism to remove impurities, and the screened soil conditioner is packaged by a packaging machine to obtain a finished saline-alkali land conditioner.

[0014] Citric acid (CA), also known as citric acid, has a molecular formula of C6H8O7 and is an important organic weak acid. It appears as colorless, odorless crystals, is readily soluble in water, and its solutions are acidic. In biochemistry, it is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle), which occurs in the metabolism of all aerobic organisms. Citric acid is widely used as an acidity regulator (GB2760-2014), a flavoring agent, and a chelating agent. Citric acid can exist in anhydrous or monohydrate forms. The crystalline form of citric acid varies depending on the crystallization conditions. It is slightly efflorescent in dry air and hygroscopic in humid air. It decomposes into various products upon heating and reacts with acids, bases, and glycerol. Anhydrous citric acid crystallizes from hot water, while monohydrate crystallizes from cold water. Citric acid monohydrate can be converted to anhydrous citric acid by removing bound water at around 78°C. Citric acid can also dissolve in anhydrous ethanol at 15°C (76 parts of citric acid per 100 parts of ethanol) and react with ethanol to form ethyl citrate. When the temperature exceeds about 175°C, citric acid will decompose and release carbon dioxide; Surfactants, also known as interfacial active agents, are compounds that can significantly reduce surface tension or interfacial tension between two liquids, between liquid and gas, or between liquid and solid. The molecular structure of surfactants is amphiphilic: one end is a hydrophilic group, and the other end is a hydrophobic group. The hydrophilic group is often a polar group, such as carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, sulfuric acid, amino or amine groups and their salts. Hydroxyl groups, amide groups, ether bonds, etc. can also serve as polar hydrophilic groups. The hydrophobic group is often a non-polar hydrocarbon chain, such as a hydrocarbon chain with more than 8 carbon atoms. Surfactants are divided into ionic surfactants (including cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants, and amphoteric surfactants), non-ionic surfactants, compound surfactants, and other surfactants. Gels are thick liquid or semisolid preparations made of drugs and gel-forming excipients in the form of solutions, suspensions, or emulsions. Gels are usually limited to local application on the skin and body cavities (such as the nasal cavity, vagina, and rectum). Emulsion-type gels are also called latexes. Gels made from a polymer matrix (such as tragacanth gum) are also called slurries. Gels formed by small particles of small molecule inorganic drugs (such as aluminum hydroxide) existing in a liquid in a network structure are two-phase dispersion systems and are also called suspension gels. Suspension gels can be thixotropic, being semisolid when still and liquid when stirred or shaken. Silicate refers to a general term for compounds formed by the combination of silicon, oxygen and other chemical elements (primarily aluminum, iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, etc.). It is widely distributed in the Earth's crust and is the main component of most rocks (such as granite) and soil. Most of them have high melting points and stable chemical properties, making them the main raw materials of the silicate industry. Silicate products and materials are widely used in various industries, scientific research and daily life. Due to their structural characteristics, they are of various types (the basic structure of silicate minerals is a silicon-oxygen tetrahedron; within this tetrahedron, the silicon atom occupies the center and four oxygen atoms occupy the four corners. These tetrahedra, based on different tetrahedrons and different combinations, form various types of silicates). Silicate structures are numerous and diverse, including island-shaped olivine, layered quartz, and ring-shaped montmorillonite. Most of them have high melting points and stable chemical properties, making them the main raw materials of the silicate industry. Silicate products and materials are widely used in various industries, scientific research and daily life.

[0015] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. The pig manure, straw, and silicate in this solution can increase the organic matter content in the soil, improve soil texture, increase soil fertility, and ensure the soil's water retention and air permeability; 2. The dispersant, silicate, surfactant, lactic acid bacteria, citric acid, and aluminum sulfate in this solution can improve the wettability and permeability of the fertilizer, helping the amendment to be better absorbed and utilized by the soil and plants, and reducing the loss of nutrients in the amendment; 3. This solution includes Xanthium sibiricum, dead leaves, humic acid, bone meal, biogas slurry, potassium sulfate, gelling agent, fly ash, urea, phosphate rock powder, and sulfur, which can provide rich organic matter to the soil, improve soil structure, provide nutrients to the soil, and contribute to crop growth.

[0016] The invention significantly improves the salt-alkali resistance of the soil itself by using Xanthium sibiricum, dead leaves, sulfur, humic acid, bone meal, biogas slurry, fly ash, urea, phosphate rock powder, dispersant, surfactant, aluminum sulfate, potassium sulfate, gelling agent, pig manure, probiotics, straw, silicate, citric acid and lactic acid bacteria, can avoid the loss of nutrients in the amendment, thereby improving the utilization efficiency and increasing the crop yield. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 The present invention provides a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing a saline-alkali land improver. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0019] Example 1 Reference Figure 1 A saline-alkali land improver includes raw materials, which include the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of Xanthium sibiricum fruits, 5 parts of dead leaves, 1 part of sulfur, 10 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of bone meal, 5 parts of biogas slurry, 2 parts of fly ash, 2 parts of urea, 2 parts of phosphate rock powder, 1 part of dispersant, 1 part of surfactant, 1 part of aluminum sulfate, 1 part of potassium sulfate, 2 parts of gelling agent, 10 parts of pig manure, 1 part of probiotics, 10 parts of straw, 3 parts of silicate, 1 part of citric acid, and 1 part of lactic acid bacteria.

[0020] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing a saline-alkali land improver, comprising the following steps: S1: screening cocklebur fruit, dead leaves, humic acid, bone meal, fly ash, phosphate rock powder, and silicate by a screening mechanism to remove impurities in the raw materials, grinding the raw materials after impurities removal into fine powder by a grinding mechanism, stirring and mixing the raw material fine powder by a stirring mechanism to obtain a dry mixed raw material, and crushing and mixing pig manure and straw by a crushing mechanism to obtain a compost carrier; S2: Under normal temperature conditions, biogas slurry, urea, aluminum sulfate, potassium sulfate, and citric acid are dissolved in water through an addition mechanism to obtain wet raw materials. The organic matter in the biogas slurry will be decomposed by microorganisms in water to produce carbon dioxide, methane gas, and organic acids. The reaction equation (taking methane generation as an example) is: CH4O+H2O→CO2+3H2. Urea is partially decomposed in water to produce ammonia and carbonate. The released nitrogen element is used for plant absorption. The reaction equation is: CO(NH2)2+H2O→2NH3+CO2. Aluminum sulfate is completely ionized in water to produce aluminum ions and sulfate ions. The reaction equation is: Al2(SO4)3+6H2O→2Al3+3SO4 2- +6H2O, potassium sulfate is completely ionized in water to generate potassium ions and sulfate ions, the reaction equation is: K2SO4+H2O→2K + +SO4 2- +H2O, citric acid partially ionizes in water to generate citrate ions and hydrogen ions, which are used to adjust the pH value of the solution. The reaction equation is: C6H8O7+H2O→C6H7O7 - +H + , dilute the dispersant, surfactant and gelling agent in water in proportion through the dilution mechanism, the dilution ratio of the dispersant to water is 1:10, the dilution ratio of the surfactant to water is 1:4, and the dilution ratio of the gelling agent to water is 1:8; S3: Mix the dry raw materials and compost carrier through the mixing mechanism, add the wet raw materials through the adding mechanism, stir while adding to ensure sufficient mixing, and add the diluted dispersant, surfactant, and gelling agent. Under greenhouse conditions, the gelling agent molecules interact through hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces to form a three-dimensional network structure, which is used to fix water and nutrients and adjust the pH value of the soil. After the dispersant is added to the material, it is quickly dispersed and covered on the surface of the material particles, reducing the surface tension between the material particles. Silicates are added to the material in the form of powder or granules, and gradually decompose over time to release silicate ions. The silicate ions are used for plant absorption and utilization. The surfactant is added After entering the material, a thin film will quickly form on the surface of the material to promote the activity of microorganisms in the material. Finally, activated probiotics and lactic acid bacteria are added and stirred evenly to obtain a soil conditioner. The steps for activating probiotics and lactic acid bacteria are as follows: prepare the MRS culture medium and sterilize it. Inoculate the probiotic powder or liquid and the lactic acid bacteria powder or liquid into the sterilized culture medium respectively. Ensure aseptic operation during inoculation. Place the inoculated culture medium in a constant temperature incubator set at 37°C for culturing. The culturing time is 24 hours, until the bacteria are fully grown and reach the required number of viable bacteria. Take out the cultured probiotic liquid and add it to an appropriate amount of sterile water to make an activation solution. S4: The mixed raw materials with added fermentation agents are piled into a nearly trapezoidal stack with a bottom width of 1.5-3.0m, a top width of 0.8-1.2m, and a height of 0.6-1.2m. The surface of the pile is covered with plastic film. Under a temperature of 20°C and a humidity range of 50%, probiotics and lactic acid bacteria are activated for aerobic fermentation. Probiotics are activated in an aerobic environment and begin to multiply in large quantities, and secrete amylase, protease and cellulase. Lactic acid bacteria use the organic matter in the material as a nutrient source to ferment and produce lactic acid, lowering the pH value of the material and inhibiting the growth of harmful microorganisms. The organic matter in pig manure can be converted into humus during the composting process, and straw can provide the carbon source required for composting. Activated probiotics and lactic acid bacteria can accelerate the fermentation process of pig manure and straw. The cellulose and lignin in the plant materials of Xanthium sibiricum and dead leaves will be decomposed into simple sugars and other organic acids under the action of microorganisms. Humic acid will further decompose and release a variety of organic acids and nutrients. The calcium phosphate in bone meal will react with sulfuric acid to produce calcium sulfate and phosphoric acid. The phosphorus in phosphate rock will dissolve in the biogas slurry or sulfuric acid to form phosphates. The silicates and aluminates in fly ash will react with sulfate ions to form corresponding sulfates. Urea will decompose under the action of microorganisms to produce ammonia and carbon dioxide. Aluminum sulfate and potassium sulfate will react with organic acids in the biogas slurry to form corresponding aluminum salts and potassium salts. Citric acid can form citrate with metal ions (such as aluminum and potassium). Phosphates, sulfates, and citrates are used as nutrients required for plant growth. Organic acids and humic acid are used to improve soil aeration and water retention. The pile is monitored in real time through temperature and humidity sensors and cameras, and an alarm receives real-time data from the temperature and humidity sensors and cameras to issue reminders. The pile is turned regularly during the fermentation process to maintain appropriate humidity and temperature. S5: After the fermentation is completed, the soil conditioner is screened through a screening mechanism to remove impurities; S6: The sieved soil conditioner is packaged by a packaging machine to obtain a finished saline-alkali land conditioner.

[0021] Experimental design 1. Effects of traditional improvement methods and saline-alkali soil conditioners on the salt-alkali resistance of saline-alkali soil 1. Purpose of the test Evaluate and compare the effects of traditional saline-alkali soil improvement methods (such as irrigation to remove salt, deep tillage, and application of organic fertilizers) and saline-alkali soil amendments on the physical and chemical properties of saline-alkali soils, crop growth, and yield, to determine which method or combination of methods is more effective; 2. Test site and soil conditions Select representative saline-alkali land as the test site and ensure that the soil conditions (such as salt content, pH value, organic matter content, etc.) are similar to allow for fair comparison; 3. Test steps ①Experimental treatment ‌Traditional improvement method group‌: Different traditional improvement methods were set as treatments, such as irrigation and salt removal (A1), deep plowing and soil turning (A2), and application of organic fertilizer (A3); ‌Saline-alkali soil conditioner group‌: The above-mentioned saline-alkali soil conditioner was selected as treatment (A4); Control group: No improvement measures (A5) were applied, serving as baseline data.

[0022] ②Test layout Completely randomized block design or randomized split-plot design was used to ensure that each treatment was randomly distributed in the field to reduce systematic errors. Each treatment was replicated at least three times to improve the reliability and accuracy of the experiment. ④ Planting crops Corn was uniformly planted as the object of observation; 4. Observation indicators Soil physical and chemical properties: Measure soil electrical conductivity, pH, organic matter content, and aggregate size (indicating the proportion of aggregates in different size ranges, with the particle size ranges being 0.25-1mm, 1-2mm, 2-5mm, and >5mm) to assess soil improvement effectiveness. Crop growth status: record crop emergence rate, growth height, chlorophyll content, yield and other growth indicators; 5. Data Analysis According to the requirements of the experimental design, each treatment was improved and the various observation indicators were regularly observed and recorded. The observation data were sorted and analyzed using statistical software to compare the significance of the differences between different treatments. The experimental data are shown in the following table: Table 1 Experimental data on the improvement of saline-alkali soil physical and chemical properties by different improvement methods

[0023] The table above shows that using an amendment containing gelling agent, pig manure, probiotics, straw, silicate, citric acid and other components can reduce soil conductivity from 4.0 mS / cm to 2.5 mS / cm, indicating that the soluble salt content in the soil has decreased. The soil organic matter content has increased from 0.5% to 2.5%, indicating that soil fertility has improved, which is conducive to plant growth. At the same time, it can effectively improve pH value, aggregate structure and moisture content, increase soil porosity, and promote soil water infiltration. Table 2 Experimental data on the effects of different improvement methods on crop growth and yield

[0024] The above table shows that the use of the improver containing components such as gelling agent, pig manure, probiotics, straw, silicate, citric acid, etc., can increase the corn emergence rate from 45% to 90%, the growth height is increased by 62.5%, and the chlorophyll content is increased by 76.2%. Therefore, the improver of the present invention can effectively improve the emergence rate, growth height and chlorophyll content of corn crops, and has a significant yield-increasing effect, thereby promoting corn production.

[0025] Example 2 Reference Figure 1 A saline-alkali land improver includes raw materials, which include the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of Xanthium sibiricum, 10 parts of dead leaves, 4 parts of sulfur, 15 parts of humic acid, 15 parts of bone meal, 15 parts of biogas slurry, 8 parts of fly ash, 8 parts of urea, 8 parts of phosphate rock powder, 2 parts of dispersant, 2 parts of surfactant, 4 parts of aluminum sulfate, 4 parts of potassium sulfate, 4 parts of gelling agent, 20 parts of pig manure, 2 parts of probiotics, 14 parts of straw, 5 parts of silicate, 4 parts of citric acid, and 2 parts of lactic acid bacteria.

[0026] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing a saline-alkali land improver, comprising the following steps: S1: screening cocklebur fruit, dead leaves, humic acid, bone meal, fly ash, phosphate rock powder, and silicate by a screening mechanism to remove impurities in the raw materials, grinding the raw materials after impurities removal into fine powder by a grinding mechanism, stirring and mixing the raw material fine powder by a stirring mechanism to obtain a dry mixed raw material, and crushing and mixing pig manure and straw by a crushing mechanism to obtain a compost carrier; S2: Under normal temperature conditions, biogas slurry, urea, aluminum sulfate, potassium sulfate, and citric acid are dissolved in water through an addition mechanism to obtain wet raw materials. The organic matter in the biogas slurry will be decomposed by microorganisms in water to produce carbon dioxide, methane gas, and organic acids. The reaction equation (taking methane generation as an example) is: CH4O+H2O→CO2+3H2. Urea is partially decomposed in water to produce ammonia and carbonate. The released nitrogen element is used for plant absorption. The reaction equation is: CO(NH2)2+H2O→2NH3+CO2. Aluminum sulfate is completely ionized in water to produce aluminum ions and sulfate ions. The reaction equation is: Al2(SO4)3+6H2O→2Al3+3SO4 2- +6H2O, potassium sulfate is completely ionized in water to generate potassium ions and sulfate ions, the reaction equation is: K2SO4+H2O→2K + +SO4 2- +H2O, citric acid partially ionizes in water to generate citrate ions and hydrogen ions, which are used to adjust the pH value of the solution. The reaction equation is: C6H8O7+H2O→C6H7O7 - +H +, dilute the dispersant, surfactant and gelling agent in water in proportion through the dilution mechanism, the dilution ratio of the dispersant to water is 1:10, the dilution ratio of the surfactant to water is 1:4, and the dilution ratio of the gelling agent to water is 1:8; S3: Mix the dry raw materials and compost carrier through the mixing mechanism, add the wet raw materials through the adding mechanism, stir while adding to ensure sufficient mixing, and add the diluted dispersant, surfactant, and gelling agent. Under greenhouse conditions, the gelling agent molecules interact through hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces to form a three-dimensional network structure, which is used to fix water and nutrients and adjust the pH value of the soil. After the dispersant is added to the material, it is quickly dispersed and covered on the surface of the material particles, reducing the surface tension between the material particles. Silicates are added to the material in the form of powder or granules, and gradually decompose over time to release silicate ions. The silicate ions are used for plant absorption and utilization. The surfactant is added After entering the material, a thin film will quickly form on the surface of the material to promote the activity of microorganisms in the material. Finally, activated probiotics and lactic acid bacteria are added and stirred evenly to obtain a soil conditioner. The steps for activating probiotics and lactic acid bacteria are as follows: prepare the MRS culture medium and sterilize it. Inoculate the probiotic powder or liquid and the lactic acid bacteria powder or liquid into the sterilized culture medium respectively. Ensure aseptic operation during inoculation. Place the inoculated culture medium in a constant temperature incubator set at 37°C for culturing. The culturing time is 28 hours, until the bacteria fully grow and reach the required number of viable bacteria. Take out the cultured probiotic liquid and add it to an appropriate amount of sterile water to make an activation solution. S4: The mixed raw materials with added fermentation agents are piled into a nearly trapezoidal stack with a bottom width of 1.5-3.0m, a top width of 0.8-1.2m, and a height of 0.6-1.2m. The surface of the pile is covered with plastic film. At a temperature of 30°C and a humidity range of 60%, under aerobic conditions, the activated probiotics and lactic acid bacteria are aerobic fermented. The probiotics are activated in an aerobic environment and begin to multiply in large quantities, and secrete amylase, protease and cellulase. The lactic acid bacteria will use the organic matter in the material as a nutrient source to ferment and produce lactic acid, lower the pH value of the material, and inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms. The organic matter in pig manure can be converted into humus during the composting process, and straw can provide the carbon source required for composting. The activated probiotics and lactic acid bacteria can accelerate the fermentation process of pig manure and straw. The cellulose and lignin in the plant materials of Xanthium sibiricum and dead leaves will be decomposed into simple sugars and other organic acids under the action of microorganisms. Humic acid will further decompose and release a variety of organic acids and nutrients. The calcium phosphate in bone meal will react with sulfuric acid to produce calcium sulfate and phosphoric acid. The phosphorus in phosphate rock will dissolve in the biogas slurry or sulfuric acid to form phosphates. The silicates and aluminates in fly ash will react with sulfate ions to form corresponding sulfates. Urea will decompose under the action of microorganisms to produce ammonia and carbon dioxide. Aluminum sulfate and potassium sulfate will react with organic acids in the biogas slurry to form corresponding aluminum salts and potassium salts. Citric acid can form citrate with metal ions (such as aluminum and potassium). Phosphates, sulfates, and citrates are used as nutrients required for plant growth. Organic acids and humic acid are used to improve soil aeration and water retention. The pile is monitored in real time through temperature and humidity sensors and cameras, and an alarm receives real-time data from the temperature and humidity sensors and cameras to issue reminders. The pile is turned regularly during the fermentation process to maintain appropriate humidity and temperature. S5: After the fermentation is completed, the soil conditioner is screened through a screening mechanism to remove impurities; S6: The sieved soil conditioner is packaged by a packaging machine to obtain a finished saline-alkali land conditioner.

[0027] Example 3 Reference Figure 1 A saline-alkali land improver includes raw materials, which include the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of Xanthium sibiricum, 15 parts of dead leaves, 6 parts of sulfur, 20 parts of humic acid, 20 parts of bone meal, 20 parts of biogas slurry, 12 parts of fly ash, 12 parts of urea, 12 parts of phosphate rock powder, 3 parts of dispersant, 3 parts of surfactant, 6 parts of aluminum sulfate, 6 parts of potassium sulfate, 6 parts of gelling agent, 30 parts of pig manure, 3 parts of probiotics, 20 parts of straw, 7 parts of silicate, 6 parts of citric acid, and 3 parts of lactic acid bacteria.

[0028] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing a saline-alkali land improver, comprising the following steps: S1: screening cocklebur fruit, dead leaves, humic acid, bone meal, fly ash, phosphate rock powder, and silicate by a screening mechanism to remove impurities in the raw materials, grinding the raw materials after impurities removal into fine powder by a grinding mechanism, stirring and mixing the raw material fine powder by a stirring mechanism to obtain a dry mixed raw material, and crushing and mixing pig manure and straw by a crushing mechanism to obtain a compost carrier; S2: Under normal temperature conditions, biogas slurry, urea, aluminum sulfate, potassium sulfate, and citric acid are dissolved in water through an addition mechanism to obtain wet raw materials. The organic matter in the biogas slurry will be decomposed by microorganisms in water to produce carbon dioxide, methane gas, and organic acids. The reaction equation (taking methane generation as an example) is: CH4O+H2O→CO2+3H2. Urea is partially decomposed in water to produce ammonia and carbonate. The released nitrogen element is used for plant absorption. The reaction equation is: CO(NH2)2+H2O→2NH3+CO2. Aluminum sulfate is completely ionized in water to produce aluminum ions and sulfate ions. The reaction equation is: Al2(SO4)3+6H2O→2Al3+3SO4 2- +6H2O, potassium sulfate is completely ionized in water to generate potassium ions and sulfate ions, the reaction equation is: K2SO4+H2O→2K + +SO4 2- +H2O, citric acid partially ionizes in water to generate citrate ions and hydrogen ions, which are used to adjust the pH value of the solution. The reaction equation is: C6H8O7+H2O→C6H7O7 - +H + , dilute the dispersant, surfactant and gelling agent in water in proportion through the dilution mechanism, the dilution ratio of the dispersant to water is 1:10, the dilution ratio of the surfactant to water is 1:4, and the dilution ratio of the gelling agent to water is 1:8; S3: Mix the dry raw materials and compost carrier through the mixing mechanism, add the wet raw materials through the adding mechanism, stir while adding to ensure sufficient mixing, and add the diluted dispersant, surfactant, and gelling agent. Under greenhouse conditions, the gelling agent molecules interact through hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces to form a three-dimensional network structure, which is used to fix water and nutrients and adjust the pH value of the soil. After the dispersant is added to the material, it is quickly dispersed and covered on the surface of the material particles, reducing the surface tension between the material particles. Silicates are added to the material in the form of powder or granules, and gradually decompose over time to release silicate ions. The silicate ions are used for plant absorption and utilization. The surfactant is added After entering the material, a thin film will quickly form on the surface of the material to promote the activity of microorganisms in the material. Finally, activated probiotics and lactic acid bacteria are added and stirred evenly to obtain a soil conditioner. The steps for activating probiotics and lactic acid bacteria are as follows: prepare the MRS culture medium and sterilize it. Inoculate the probiotic powder or liquid and the lactic acid bacteria powder or liquid into the sterilized culture medium respectively. Ensure aseptic operation during inoculation. Place the inoculated culture medium in a constant temperature incubator set at 37°C for culturing. The culturing time is 32 hours, until the bacteria fully grow and reach the required number of viable bacteria. Take out the cultured probiotic liquid and add it to an appropriate amount of sterile water to make an activation solution. S4: The mixed raw materials with added fermentation agents are piled into a nearly trapezoidal stack with a bottom width of 1.5-3.0m, a top width of 0.8-1.2m, and a height of 0.6-1.2m. The surface of the pile is covered with plastic film. At a temperature of 35°C and a humidity range of 70%, under aerobic conditions, the activated probiotics and lactic acid bacteria are aerobic fermented. The probiotics are activated in an aerobic environment and begin to multiply in large quantities, and secrete amylase, protease and cellulase. The lactic acid bacteria will use the organic matter in the material as a nutrient source to ferment and produce lactic acid, lower the pH value of the material, and inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms. The organic matter in pig manure can be converted into humus during the composting process, and straw can provide the carbon source required for composting. The activated probiotics and lactic acid bacteria can accelerate the fermentation process of pig manure and straw. The cellulose and lignin in the plant materials of Xanthium sibiricum and dead leaves will be decomposed into simple sugars and other organic acids under the action of microorganisms. Humic acid will further decompose and release a variety of organic acids and nutrients. The calcium phosphate in bone meal will react with sulfuric acid to produce calcium sulfate and phosphoric acid. The phosphorus in phosphate rock will dissolve in the biogas slurry or sulfuric acid to form phosphates. The silicates and aluminates in fly ash will react with sulfate ions to form corresponding sulfates. Urea will decompose under the action of microorganisms to produce ammonia and carbon dioxide. Aluminum sulfate and potassium sulfate will react with organic acids in the biogas slurry to form corresponding aluminum salts and potassium salts. Citric acid can form citrate with metal ions (such as aluminum and potassium). Phosphates, sulfates, and citrates are used as nutrients required for plant growth. Organic acids and humic acid are used to improve soil aeration and water retention. The pile is monitored in real time through temperature and humidity sensors and cameras, and an alarm receives real-time data from the temperature and humidity sensors and cameras to issue reminders. The pile is turned regularly during the fermentation process to maintain appropriate humidity and temperature. S5: After the fermentation is completed, the soil conditioner is screened through a screening mechanism to remove impurities; S6: The sieved soil conditioner is packaged by a packaging machine to obtain a finished saline-alkali land conditioner.

[0029] Example 4 Reference Figure 1 A saline-alkali land improver includes raw materials, which include the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of Xanthium sibiricum, 20 parts of dead leaves, 8 parts of sulfur, 30 parts of humic acid, 22 parts of bone meal, 22 parts of biogas slurry, 15 parts of fly ash, 15 parts of urea, 15 parts of phosphate rock powder, 4 parts of dispersant, 4 parts of surfactant, 8 parts of aluminum sulfate, 8 parts of potassium sulfate, 8 parts of gelling agent, 40 parts of pig manure, 4 parts of probiotics, 26 parts of straw, 9 parts of silicate, 8 parts of citric acid, and 4 parts of lactic acid bacteria.

[0030] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing a saline-alkali land improver, comprising the following steps: S1: screening cocklebur fruit, dead leaves, humic acid, bone meal, fly ash, phosphate rock powder, and silicate by a screening mechanism to remove impurities in the raw materials, grinding the raw materials after impurities removal into fine powder by a grinding mechanism, stirring and mixing the raw material fine powder by a stirring mechanism to obtain a dry mixed raw material, and crushing and mixing pig manure and straw by a crushing mechanism to obtain a compost carrier; S2: Under normal temperature conditions, biogas slurry, urea, aluminum sulfate, potassium sulfate, and citric acid are dissolved in water through an addition mechanism to obtain wet raw materials. The organic matter in the biogas slurry will be decomposed by microorganisms in water to produce carbon dioxide, methane gas, and organic acids. The reaction equation (taking methane generation as an example) is: CH4O+H2O→CO2+3H2. Urea is partially decomposed in water to produce ammonia and carbonate. The released nitrogen element is used for plant absorption. The reaction equation is: CO(NH2)2+H2O→2NH3+CO2. Aluminum sulfate is completely ionized in water to produce aluminum ions and sulfate ions. The reaction equation is: Al2(SO4)3+6H2O→2Al3+3SO4 2- +6H2O, potassium sulfate is completely ionized in water to generate potassium ions and sulfate ions, the reaction equation is: K2SO4+H2O→2K + +SO4 2- +H2O, citric acid partially ionizes in water to generate citrate ions and hydrogen ions, which are used to adjust the pH value of the solution. The reaction equation is: C6H8O7+H2O→C6H7O7 - +H + , dilute the dispersant, surfactant and gelling agent in water in proportion through the dilution mechanism, the dilution ratio of the dispersant to water is 1:10, the dilution ratio of the surfactant to water is 1:4, and the dilution ratio of the gelling agent to water is 1:8; S3: Mix the dry raw materials and compost carrier through the mixing mechanism, add the wet raw materials through the adding mechanism, stir while adding to ensure sufficient mixing, and add the diluted dispersant, surfactant, and gelling agent. Under greenhouse conditions, the gelling agent molecules interact through hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces to form a three-dimensional network structure, which is used to fix water and nutrients and adjust the pH value of the soil. After the dispersant is added to the material, it is quickly dispersed and covered on the surface of the material particles, reducing the surface tension between the material particles. Silicates are added to the material in the form of powder or granules, and gradually decompose over time to release silicate ions. The silicate ions are used for plant absorption and utilization. The surfactant is added After entering the material, a thin film will quickly form on the surface of the material to promote the activity of microorganisms in the material. Finally, activated probiotics and lactic acid bacteria are added and stirred evenly to obtain a soil conditioner. The steps for activating probiotics and lactic acid bacteria are as follows: prepare the MRS culture medium and sterilize it. Inoculate the probiotic powder or liquid and the lactic acid bacteria powder or liquid into the sterilized culture medium respectively. Ensure aseptic operation during inoculation. Place the inoculated culture medium in a constant temperature incubator set at 37°C for 40 hours, until the bacteria fully grow and reach the required number of viable bacteria. Take out the cultured probiotic liquid and add it to an appropriate amount of sterile water to make an activation solution. S4: The mixed raw materials with added fermentation agents are piled into a nearly trapezoidal stack with a bottom width of 1.5-3.0m, a top width of 0.8-1.2m, and a height of 0.6-1.2m. The surface of the pile is covered with plastic film. At a temperature of 40°C and a humidity range of 75%, under aerobic conditions, the activated probiotics and lactic acid bacteria are aerobic fermented. The probiotics are activated in an aerobic environment and begin to multiply in large quantities, and secrete amylase, protease and cellulase. The lactic acid bacteria will use the organic matter in the material as a nutrient source to ferment and produce lactic acid, lower the pH value of the material, and inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms. The organic matter in pig manure can be converted into humus during the composting process, and straw can provide the carbon source required for composting. The activated probiotics and lactic acid bacteria can accelerate the fermentation process of pig manure and straw. The cellulose and lignin in the plant materials of Xanthium sibiricum and dead leaves will be decomposed into simple sugars and other organic acids under the action of microorganisms. Humic acid will further decompose and release a variety of organic acids and nutrients. The calcium phosphate in bone meal will react with sulfuric acid to produce calcium sulfate and phosphoric acid. The phosphorus in phosphate rock will dissolve in the biogas slurry or sulfuric acid to form phosphates. The silicates and aluminates in fly ash will react with sulfate ions to form corresponding sulfates. Urea will decompose under the action of microorganisms to produce ammonia and carbon dioxide. Aluminum sulfate and potassium sulfate will react with organic acids in the biogas slurry to form corresponding aluminum salts and potassium salts. Citric acid can form citrate with metal ions (such as aluminum and potassium). Phosphates, sulfates, and citrates are used as nutrients required for plant growth. Organic acids and humic acid are used to improve soil aeration and water retention. The pile is monitored in real time through temperature and humidity sensors and cameras, and an alarm receives real-time data from the temperature and humidity sensors and cameras to issue reminders. The pile is turned regularly during the fermentation process to maintain appropriate humidity and temperature. S5: After the fermentation is completed, the soil conditioner is screened through a screening mechanism to remove impurities; S6: The sieved soil conditioner is packaged by a packaging machine to obtain a finished saline-alkali land conditioner.

[0031] Example 5 Reference Figure 1 A saline-alkali land improver includes raw materials, which include the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of Xanthium sibiricum, 30 parts of dead leaves, 10 parts of sulfur, 35 parts of humic acid, 25 parts of bone meal, 25 parts of biogas slurry, 20 parts of fly ash, 20 parts of urea, 20 parts of phosphate rock powder, 5 parts of dispersant, 5 parts of surfactant, 10 parts of aluminum sulfate, 10 parts of potassium sulfate, 10 parts of gelling agent, 50 parts of pig manure, 5 parts of probiotics, 30 parts of straw, 10 parts of silicate, 10 parts of citric acid, and 5 parts of lactic acid bacteria.

[0032] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing a saline-alkali land improver, comprising the following steps: S1: screening cocklebur fruit, dead leaves, humic acid, bone meal, fly ash, phosphate rock powder, and silicate by a screening mechanism to remove impurities in the raw materials, grinding the raw materials after impurities removal into fine powder by a grinding mechanism, stirring and mixing the raw material fine powder by a stirring mechanism to obtain a dry mixed raw material, and crushing and mixing pig manure and straw by a crushing mechanism to obtain a compost carrier; S2: Under normal temperature conditions, biogas slurry, urea, aluminum sulfate, potassium sulfate, and citric acid are dissolved in water through an addition mechanism to obtain wet raw materials. The organic matter in the biogas slurry will be decomposed by microorganisms in water to produce carbon dioxide, methane gas, and organic acids. The reaction equation (taking methane generation as an example) is: CH4O+H2O→CO2+3H2. Urea is partially decomposed in water to produce ammonia and carbonate. The released nitrogen element is used for plant absorption. The reaction equation is: CO(NH2)2+H2O→2NH3+CO2. Aluminum sulfate is completely ionized in water to produce aluminum ions and sulfate ions. The reaction equation is: Al2(SO4)3+6H2O→2Al3+3SO4 2- +6H2O, potassium sulfate is completely ionized in water to generate potassium ions and sulfate ions, the reaction equation is: K2SO4+H2O→2K + +SO4 2- +H2O, citric acid partially ionizes in water to generate citrate ions and hydrogen ions, which are used to adjust the pH value of the solution. The reaction equation is: C6H8O7+H2O→C6H7O7 - +H + , dilute the dispersant, surfactant and gelling agent in water in proportion through the dilution mechanism, the dilution ratio of the dispersant to water is 1:10, the dilution ratio of the surfactant to water is 1:4, and the dilution ratio of the gelling agent to water is 1:8; S3: Mix the dry raw materials and compost carrier through the mixing mechanism, add the wet raw materials through the adding mechanism, stir while adding to ensure sufficient mixing, and add the diluted dispersant, surfactant, and gelling agent. Under greenhouse conditions, the gelling agent molecules interact through hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces to form a three-dimensional network structure, which is used to fix water and nutrients and adjust the pH value of the soil. After the dispersant is added to the material, it is quickly dispersed and covered on the surface of the material particles, reducing the surface tension between the material particles. Silicates are added to the material in the form of powder or granules, and gradually decompose over time to release silicate ions. The silicate ions are used for plant absorption and utilization. The surfactant is added After entering the material, a thin film will quickly form on the surface of the material to promote the activity of microorganisms in the material. Finally, activated probiotics and lactic acid bacteria are added and stirred evenly to obtain a soil conditioner. The steps for activating probiotics and lactic acid bacteria are as follows: prepare the MRS culture medium and sterilize it. Inoculate the probiotic powder or liquid and the lactic acid bacteria powder or liquid into the sterilized culture medium respectively. Ensure aseptic operation during inoculation. Place the inoculated culture medium in a constant temperature incubator set at 37°C for 48 hours, until the bacteria fully grow and reach the required number of viable bacteria. Take out the cultured probiotic liquid and add it to an appropriate amount of sterile water to make an activation solution. S4: The mixed raw materials with added fermentation agents are piled into a nearly trapezoidal stack with a bottom width of 1.5-3.0m, a top width of 0.8-1.2m, and a height of 0.6-1.2m. The surface of the pile is covered with plastic film. At a temperature of 45°C and a humidity range of 80%, under aerobic conditions, the activated probiotics and lactic acid bacteria are aerobic fermented. The probiotics are activated in an aerobic environment and begin to multiply in large quantities, and secrete amylase, protease and cellulase. The lactic acid bacteria will use the organic matter in the material as a nutrient source to ferment and produce lactic acid, lower the pH value of the material, and inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms. The organic matter in pig manure can be converted into humus during the composting process, and straw can provide the carbon source required for composting. The activated probiotics and lactic acid bacteria can accelerate the fermentation process of pig manure and straw. The cellulose and lignin in the plant materials of Xanthium sibiricum and dead leaves will be decomposed into simple sugars and other organic acids under the action of microorganisms. Humic acid will further decompose and release a variety of organic acids and nutrients. The calcium phosphate in bone meal will react with sulfuric acid to produce calcium sulfate and phosphoric acid. The phosphorus in phosphate rock will dissolve in the biogas slurry or sulfuric acid to form phosphates. The silicates and aluminates in fly ash will react with sulfate ions to form corresponding sulfates. Urea will decompose under the action of microorganisms to produce ammonia and carbon dioxide. Aluminum sulfate and potassium sulfate will react with organic acids in the biogas slurry to form corresponding aluminum salts and potassium salts. Citric acid can form citrate with metal ions (such as aluminum and potassium). Phosphates, sulfates, and citrates are used as nutrients required for plant growth. Organic acids and humic acid are used to improve soil aeration and water retention. The pile is monitored in real time through temperature and humidity sensors and cameras, and an alarm receives real-time data from the temperature and humidity sensors and cameras to issue reminders. The pile is turned regularly during the fermentation process to maintain appropriate humidity and temperature. S5: After the fermentation is completed, the soil conditioner is screened through a screening mechanism to remove impurities; S6: The sieved soil conditioner is packaged by a packaging machine to obtain a finished saline-alkali land conditioner.

[0033] Experimental example By comparing the saline-alkali land improvers and preparation schemes proposed in Examples 1 to 5 with conventional improvers and preparation schemes, the saline-alkali land soil structure was tested by using chemical reagents and instruments for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The experimental data are shown in the following table:

[0034] The above description is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, who makes equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A saline-alkali land improver, comprising raw materials, characterized in that: The raw materials include the following components in parts by weight: 5-30 parts of Xanthium sibiricum fruits, 5-30 parts of dead leaves, 1-10 parts of sulfur, 10-35 parts of humic acid, 5-25 parts of bone meal, 5-25 parts of biogas slurry, 2-20 parts of fly ash, 2-20 parts of urea, 2-20 parts of phosphate rock powder, 1-5 parts of dispersant, 1-5 parts of surfactant, 1-10 parts of aluminum sulfate, 1-10 parts of potassium sulfate, 2-10 parts of gelling agent, 10-50 parts of pig manure, 1-5 parts of probiotics, 10-30 parts of straw, 3-10 parts of silicate, 1-10 parts of citric acid, and 1-5 parts of lactic acid bacteria.

2. The saline-alkali land improving agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials include the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of Xanthium sibiricum fruits, 10-20 parts of dead leaves, 4-8 parts of sulfur, 15-20 parts of humic acid, 10-15 parts of bone meal, 10-15 parts of biogas slurry, 8-15 parts of fly ash, 6-15 parts of urea, 6-15 parts of phosphate rock powder, 2-4 parts of dispersant, 2-4 parts of surfactant, 4-6 parts of aluminum sulfate, 4-6 parts of potassium sulfate, 4-6 parts of gelling agent, 25-35 parts of pig manure, 2-4 parts of probiotics, 15-20 parts of straw, 5-8 parts of silicate, 4-6 parts of citric acid, and 2-4 parts of lactic acid bacteria.

3. The saline-alkali land improving agent according to claim 2, characterized in that: The raw materials include the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of Xanthium sibiricum fruits, 15 parts of dead leaves, 6 parts of sulfur, 18 parts of humic acid, 12 parts of bone meal, 12 parts of biogas slurry, 10 parts of fly ash, 10 parts of urea, 10 parts of phosphate rock powder, 3 parts of dispersant, 3 parts of surfactant, 5 parts of aluminum sulfate, 5 parts of potassium sulfate, 5 parts of gelling agent, 30 parts of pig manure, 3 parts of probiotics, 18 parts of straw, 7 parts of silicate, 5 parts of citric acid, and 3 parts of lactic acid bacteria.

4. A method for preparing a saline-alkali land improver, wherein the saline-alkali land improver is the saline-alkali land improver according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: selecting raw materials and mixing the dry raw materials to obtain dry mixed raw materials; S2: dissolving the wet raw materials in water according to a certain proportion to obtain a wet mixed raw material; S3: Evenly mix the dry mixed raw materials and the wet mixed raw materials, and add a leavening agent; S4: fermenting and composting the mixed raw materials with the starter, and monitoring the process; S5: Screening and removing impurities from the fermented and decomposed materials; S6: The screened and impurity-removed materials are packaged to obtain an improver.

5. The method for preparing a saline-alkali land improving agent according to claim 4, wherein: In S1, the Xanthium sibiricum, dead leaves, humic acid, bone meal, fly ash, phosphate rock powder, and silicate are screened by a screening mechanism to remove impurities in the raw materials, and the raw materials after impurities removal are ground into fine powder by a grinding mechanism. The fine powder of the raw materials is stirred and mixed by a stirring mechanism to obtain a dry mixed raw material, and the pig manure and straw are crushed and mixed by a crushing mechanism to obtain a compost carrier.

6. The method for preparing a saline-alkali land improving agent according to claim 5, wherein: In S2, under normal temperature conditions, biogas slurry, urea, aluminum sulfate, potassium sulfate, and citric acid are dissolved in water by an adding mechanism to obtain a wet raw material. The organic matter in the biogas slurry is decomposed by microorganisms in water to generate carbon dioxide, methane gas, and organic acids. The reaction equation (taking methane generation as an example) is: CH4O+H2O→CO2+3H2. Urea is partially decomposed in water to generate ammonia and carbonate. The released nitrogen element is used for plant absorption. The reaction equation is: CO(NH2)2+H2O→2NH3+CO2. Aluminum sulfate is completely ionized in water to generate aluminum ions and sulfate ions. The reaction equation is: Al2(SO4)3+6H2O→2Al3+3SO4 2- +6H2O, potassium sulfate is completely ionized in water to generate potassium ions and sulfate ions, the reaction equation is: K2SO4+H2O→2K + +SO4 2- +H2O, citric acid partially ionizes in water to generate citrate ions and hydrogen ions, which are used to adjust the pH value of the solution. The reaction equation is: C6H8O7+H2O→C6H7O7 - +H + The dispersant, surfactant and gelling agent are diluted in water in proportion through the dilution mechanism. The dilution ratio of the dispersant to water is 1:10, the dilution ratio of the surfactant to water is 1:4, and the dilution ratio of the gelling agent to water is 1:

8.

7. The method for preparing a saline-alkali land improving agent according to claim 6, wherein: In S3, the dry raw materials and the compost carrier are mixed by a mixing mechanism, and the wet raw materials are added by an adding mechanism while stirring to ensure sufficient mixing. The diluted dispersant, surfactant, and gelling agent are added. Under greenhouse conditions, the gelling agent molecules interact through hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces to form a three-dimensional network structure, which is used to fix water and nutrients and adjust the pH value of the soil. After the dispersant is added to the material, it is quickly dispersed and covered on the surface of the material particles, reducing the surface tension between the material particles. The silicate is added to the material in the form of powder or granules, and gradually decomposes over time to release silicate ions. The silicate ions are absorbed and utilized by plants. After the surfactant is added to the material, it will quickly form a thin film on the surface of the material to promote the activity of microorganisms in the material. Finally, activated probiotics and lactic acid bacteria are added and stirred evenly to obtain a soil conditioner.

8. The method for preparing a saline-alkali land improving agent according to claim 7, wherein: In said S3, the probiotic and lactic acid bacteria activation step is as follows: prepare the MRS culture medium and sterilize it, inoculate the probiotic powder or liquid and the lactic acid bacteria powder or liquid into the sterilized culture medium respectively, ensure aseptic operation during inoculation, place the inoculated culture medium in a constant temperature incubator set at 37°C, and culture for 24-48 hours until the bacteria are fully grown and reach the required number of viable bacteria, take out the cultured probiotic liquid, add an appropriate amount of sterile water to prepare an activation solution.

9. The method for preparing a saline-alkali land improving agent according to claim 8, wherein: In the S4, the mixed raw materials with the addition of the fermentation agent are piled into a nearly trapezoidal stack with a bottom width of 1.5-3.0m, a top width of 0.8-1.2m, and a height of 0.6-1.2m. The surface of the stack is covered with a plastic film. At a temperature of 20-45°C and a humidity range of 50%-80%, under aerobic conditions, the activated probiotics and lactic acid bacteria are aerobic fermented. The probiotics are activated in the aerobic environment and begin to multiply in large quantities and secrete amylase, protease and cellulase. The lactic acid bacteria use the organic matter in the material as a nutrient source to ferment and produce lactic acid, thereby lowering the pH value of the material and inhibiting the growth of harmful microorganisms. The organic matter in the pig manure can be converted into humus during the composting process, and the straw can provide the carbon source required for composting. The activated probiotics and lactic acid bacteria can accelerate the fermentation process of the pig manure and straw. The cellulose and lignin in the plant materials of Xanthium sibiricum and dead leaves will be decomposed into simple Sugars and other organic acids, and humic acid will also be further decomposed to release a variety of organic acids and nutrients. The calcium phosphate in bone meal will react with sulfuric acid to produce calcium sulfate and phosphoric acid. The phosphorus in phosphate rock will dissolve in the biogas slurry or sulfuric acid to form phosphates. The silicates and aluminates in fly ash will react with sulfate ions to form corresponding sulfates. Urea will decompose under the action of microorganisms to produce ammonia and carbon dioxide. Aluminum sulfate and potassium sulfate will react with organic acids in the biogas slurry to form corresponding aluminum salts and potassium salts. Citric acid can form citrate with metal ions. Phosphates, sulfates, and citrates are used as nutrients required for plant growth. Organic acids and humic acid are used to improve the aeration and water retention of the soil. The pile is monitored in real time by temperature and humidity sensors and cameras, and an alarm receives real-time data from the temperature and humidity sensors and cameras to issue reminders. The pile is turned regularly during the fermentation process to maintain appropriate humidity and temperature.

10. The method for preparing a saline-alkali land improving agent according to claim 9, wherein: In S5 and S6, after the fermentation is completed, the soil conditioner is screened by a screening mechanism to remove impurities, and the screened soil conditioner is packaged by a packaging machine to obtain a finished saline-alkali land conditioner.

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