Five-axis ultra-precision milling and grinding machine tool and machining method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a five-axis ultra-precision milling and grinding machine tool which comprises a base, a portal frame, an X-axis driving mechanism, a Y-axis driving mechanism, a Z-axis driving mechanism, a C-axis driving mechanism and an R-axis detection mechanism. The portal frame is arranged on the base, the X-axis driving mechanism is arranged on the portal frame, the Z-axis driving mechanism is arranged on the X-axis driving mechanism, and a milling and grinding assembly is arranged on the Z-axis driving mechanism; the Y-axis driving mechanism is arranged on the base below the portal frame, the C-axis driving mechanism is arranged on the Y-axis driving mechanism, a workpiece clamping device is arranged on the C-axis driving mechanism, and the R-axis detection mechanism is arranged on the Z-axis driving mechanism and used for conducting online detection on workpieces. According to the five-axis ultra-precision milling and grinding machine tool, one-time clamping can be achieved, multiple times of online detection and machining of workpieces are achieved, and the machining precision and machining efficiency of the workpieces are effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mechanical processing, and in particular to a five-axis ultra-precision milling machine and a processing method thereof. Background Art

[0002] For high-specification and high-standard workpieces in aviation, aerospace, military industry, etc., high processing precision is required, and usually multiple processing steps are required.

[0003] For such parts, the conventional processing flow is: first process them to a certain size and take them out, measure the workpiece, manually adjust the processing parameters according to the measured size, and then place the workpiece on the machine tool for processing. In this way, through continuous processing and adjustment, the ideal size requirements are finally achieved.

[0004] However, this conventional processing method currently requires multiple clamping and positioning of the workpiece; such cumulative processing will inevitably lead to an increase in processing errors, ultimately affecting the processing quality or processing efficiency of the workpiece.

[0005] To this end, the present invention proposes a novel five-axis ultra-precision milling machine and a processing method thereof to solve the problems existing in the prior art and improve the processing efficiency and processing accuracy of the workpiece. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In response to the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for realizing high-precision machining of workpieces based on a five-axis ultra-precision milling machine.

[0007] The technical solutions of the present invention are as follows: A five-axis ultra-precision milling and grinding machine tool comprises a base, a gantry, an X-axis drive mechanism, a Y-axis drive mechanism, a Z-axis drive mechanism, a C-axis drive mechanism, and an R-axis detection mechanism; the gantry is arranged on the base, the X-axis drive mechanism is arranged on the gantry, the Z-axis drive mechanism is arranged on the X-axis drive mechanism, and the Z-axis drive mechanism is provided with a milling and grinding assembly; The Y-axis drive mechanism is arranged on the base below the gantry, the C-axis drive mechanism is arranged on the Y-axis drive mechanism, the C-axis drive mechanism is provided with a workpiece clamping device, and the R-axis detection mechanism is arranged on the Z-axis drive mechanism for performing online detection of the workpiece.

[0008] Furthermore, the Y-axis drive mechanism is also provided with an online grinding wheel dressing device, which can dress the grinding wheel in real time without removing the grinding wheel for dressing.

[0009] Furthermore, the Z-axis drive mechanism includes a Z1-axis drive mechanism and a Z2-axis drive mechanism, the Z1-axis drive mechanism and the Z2-axis drive mechanism are arranged in parallel on the X-axis drive mechanism, and the milling and grinding components are respectively arranged at the bottom of the Z1-axis drive mechanism and the Z2-axis drive mechanism.

[0010] Furthermore, the milling and grinding assembly at the bottom of the Z1-axis driving mechanism adopts a vertical layout, and the milling and grinding assembly at the bottom of the Z2-axis driving mechanism adopts a horizontal layout.

[0011] Furthermore, the online grinding wheel dressing device includes a first online grinding wheel dressing mechanism and a second online grinding wheel dressing mechanism, and the first online grinding wheel dressing mechanism and the second online grinding wheel dressing mechanism are oppositely arranged at two sides of the C-axis driving mechanism.

[0012] Furthermore, the R-axis detection mechanism includes an air-floating turntable, a support frame, and a laser scanning head; the support frame is arranged on the rotating shaft of the air-floating turntable, and the laser scanning head is installed on the support frame. The air-floating turntable can drive the laser scanning head to rotate and adjust the scanning detection angle.

[0013] Furthermore, the R-axis detection mechanism is provided on the Z1-axis driving mechanism and is located between the Z1-axis driving mechanism and the Z2-axis driving mechanism.

[0014] A processing method of a five-axis ultra-precision milling machine tool comprises the following steps: Step 1: Workpiece positioning: 1.1) Place the workpiece on the workpiece clamping device for positioning and clamping; 1.2) The Y-axis drive mechanism drives the workpiece to the set processing position; Step 2: Workpiece processing: 2.1) The C-axis drive mechanism drives the workpiece to rotate horizontally; 2.2) The X-axis drive mechanism drives the Z-axis drive mechanism to move linearly in the horizontal direction; 2.3) The Z1-axis drive mechanism and the Z2-axis drive mechanism sequentially drive the milling and grinding assembly to move in a straight line along the vertical direction to process the end and side of the workpiece; Step 3: Workpiece detection: 3.1) The X-axis drive mechanism drives the Z-axis drive mechanism to move in a straight line in the horizontal direction, moving the R-axis detection mechanism to the corresponding horizontal position. The Z1-axis drive mechanism drives the R-axis detection mechanism to move in a straight line in the vertical direction to the corresponding vertical position. At this time, the C-axis drive mechanism is still in the state of driving the workpiece to rotate in the horizontal direction. The air-bearing turntable of the R-axis detection mechanism drives the laser scanning head to adjust the angle for detection; 3.2) The detected data is uploaded to the system, and the system automatically adjusts the processing parameters according to the detected data for processing; Step 4: Workpiece reprocessing: 4.1) After the R-axis detection mechanism is completed, perform step 2 again to process the workpiece; 4.2) After the workpiece is processed, perform step 3 workpiece inspection again until the workpiece meets the processing setting parameter requirements; Step 5: Finishing: 5.1) The Y-axis drive mechanism drives the online grinding wheel dressing device to the position below the milling assembly and starts the grinding wheel; 5.2) The X-axis drive mechanism sequentially drives the Z1-axis drive mechanism and the Z2-axis drive mechanism to reach the corresponding horizontal position. The Z1-axis drive mechanism and the Z2-axis drive mechanism sequentially drive the milling assembly to contact the online grinding wheel dressing device for dressing.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1) The five-axis ultra-precision milling and grinding machine can be clamped once, realizing multiple online inspections and processing of workpieces, effectively improving the processing accuracy and efficiency of the workpieces.

[0016] 2) The five-axis ultra-precision milling and grinding machine tool can realize one-time milling and grinding of different surfaces of the workpiece by setting up horizontal milling and grinding components, without the need for secondary clamping processing, further improving the processing accuracy and efficiency of the workpiece.

[0017] 3) The five-axis ultra-precision milling and grinding machine tool is capable of inspecting workpieces of different angles and sizes by setting up an R-axis detection mechanism. In addition, the R-axis detection mechanism can cooperate with the C-axis drive mechanism to achieve 360° all-round inspection of the workpiece.

[0018] 4) The five-axis ultra-precision milling machine has its own dressing device, which realizes the dressing of the grinding wheel through multi-axis cooperation, avoiding the impact of disassembly and assembly of the grinding wheel on processing accuracy and efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the R-axis detection mechanism of the present invention; In the figure: 1. Base; 2. Gantry; 3. X-axis drive mechanism; 4. Y-axis drive mechanism; 5. Z-axis drive mechanism; 501. Z1-axis drive mechanism; 502. Z2-axis drive mechanism; 503. Milling assembly; 6. C-axis drive mechanism; 7. R-axis detection mechanism; 701. Air-floating turntable; 702. Support frame; 703. Laser scanning head; 8. Online grinding wheel dressing device; 9. Workpiece clamping device; 10. Workpiece. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] like Figure 1As shown, a five-axis ultra-precision milling machine tool can achieve milling and forming processing of components with a diameter of ≥∮300mm and a steep slope of ≥60°, with a surface accuracy PV ≤ 52μm. It includes a base 1, a gantry 2, an X-axis drive mechanism 3, a Y-axis drive mechanism 4, a Z-axis drive mechanism 5, a C-axis drive mechanism 6, and an R-axis detection mechanism 7; The gantry 2 is fixedly arranged on the base 1, and the middle position of the gantry 2 forms a U-shaped structure on the base 1; The X-axis drive mechanism 3 is fixedly arranged on the gantry 2 and is used to provide horizontal linear movement. In this embodiment, the X-axis drive mechanism 3 adopts a screw drive mechanism.

[0022] In this embodiment, the Z-axis drive mechanism 5 includes a Z1-axis drive mechanism 501 and a Z2-axis drive mechanism 502. The Z1-axis drive mechanism 501 and the Z2-axis drive mechanism 502 are arranged in parallel on the X-axis drive mechanism 3, and a milling assembly 503 (grinding wheel) is arranged at the bottom of the Z1-axis drive mechanism 501 and the Z2-axis drive mechanism 502; in other embodiments, the milling assembly 503 can also be set as a milling cutter, or a combination of a milling cutter and a grinding wheel.

[0023] In this embodiment, the milling assembly at the bottom of the Z1-axis drive mechanism 501 adopts a vertical layout, and the milling assembly at the bottom of the Z2-axis drive mechanism 502 adopts a horizontal layout; the Z1-axis drive mechanism and the Z2-axis drive mechanism adopt a screw drive mechanism.

[0024] In this embodiment, the Y-axis driving mechanism 4 is fixedly arranged on the base 1 below the gantry 2, and the Y-axis driving mechanism 4 is directly opposite to the U-shaped structure; the Y-axis driving mechanism 4 adopts a screw driving mechanism.

[0025] In this embodiment, the C-axis drive mechanism 6 is fixedly arranged on the Y-axis drive mechanism 4, and the C-axis drive mechanism 6 adopts a liquid static pressure turntable; the C-axis drive mechanism 6 is provided with a workpiece clamping device 9, and the workpiece clamping device adopts a three-jaw chuck.

[0026] In this embodiment, the R-axis detection mechanism 7 is arranged on the Z1-axis driving mechanism 501 for performing online detection of the workpiece 10 ; the R-axis detection mechanism 7 can perform vertical linear motion along with the Z1-axis driving mechanism.

[0027] like Figure 2 As shown, the R-axis detection mechanism includes an air-floating turntable 701, a support frame 702, and a laser scanning head 703; the support frame is set on the rotating shaft of the air-floating turntable, and the laser scanning head is installed on the support frame. The air-floating turntable can drive the laser scanning head to rotate, adjust the scanning detection angle, and use the Z1-axis drive mechanism and the C-axis drive mechanism to perform 360° all-round detection on surfaces at different heights.

[0028] In this embodiment, the Y-axis driving mechanism 4 is further provided with an online grinding wheel dressing device 8, which can dress the grinding wheel in real time without removing the grinding wheel for dressing.

[0029] The online grinding wheel dressing device 8 is two online grinding wheel dressing mechanisms, including a first online grinding wheel dressing mechanism and a second online grinding wheel dressing mechanism. The first online grinding wheel dressing mechanism and the second online grinding wheel dressing mechanism are oppositely arranged at both sides of the C-axis driving mechanism.

[0030] The online grinding wheel dressing device 8 is driven by the Y-axis driving mechanism, and the grinding wheel is driven by the X-axis driving mechanism and the Z-axis driving mechanism to realize online grinding wheel dressing.

[0031] In this embodiment, a balancing device is installed on the grinding wheel to balance the grinding wheel and improve the processing accuracy.

[0032] A processing method of a five-axis ultra-precision milling machine tool, the specific steps are as follows: Step 1: Workpiece positioning: 1.1) Place the workpiece on the workpiece clamping device for positioning and clamping; 1.2) The Y-axis drive mechanism drives the workpiece clamping device to move to the set processing position; Step 2: Workpiece processing: 2.1) The C-axis drive mechanism drives the workpiece to rotate horizontally; 2.2) The X-axis drive mechanism drives the Z-axis drive mechanism to move horizontally to the set position; 2.3) The Z1-axis drive mechanism and the Z2-axis drive mechanism sequentially drive the grinding wheel to move in a straight line along the vertical direction to process the end and side of the workpiece; Step 3: Workpiece detection: 3.1) The X-axis drive mechanism drives the Z-axis drive mechanism to move linearly in the horizontal direction, moving the R-axis detection mechanism to the corresponding horizontal position. The air-bearing turntable of the R-axis detection mechanism rotates, and the laser scanning head is exposed and rotated to the set detection angle. The Z1-axis drive mechanism drives the R-axis detection mechanism to move linearly in the vertical direction to the corresponding vertical position. At this time, the C-axis drive mechanism is still in the state of driving the workpiece to rotate horizontally, and the R-axis detection mechanism uses the laser scanning head for detection. 3.2) The detected data is uploaded to the system, and the system automatically adjusts the processing parameters according to the detected data for processing; Step 4: Workpiece reprocessing: 4.1) After the R-axis detection mechanism is completed, perform step 2 again to process the workpiece; 4.2) After the workpiece is processed, perform step 3 workpiece inspection again until the workpiece meets the processing setting parameter requirements; Step 5: Finishing: 5.1) The Y-axis drive mechanism drives the online grinding wheel dressing device to the position below the milling assembly and starts the grinding wheel; 5.2) The X-axis drive mechanism sequentially drives the Z1-axis drive mechanism and the Z2-axis drive mechanism to reach the corresponding horizontal position. The Z1-axis drive mechanism and the Z2-axis drive mechanism sequentially drive the milling assembly to contact the online grinding wheel dressing device for dressing.

[0033] The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not limitations on the technical solutions of the present invention. Any technical solution that can be implemented on the basis of the above embodiments without creative work should be deemed to fall within the scope of protection of the patent of the present invention.

Claims

1. A five-axis ultra-precision milling machine tool, characterized in that: It includes a base, a gantry, an X-axis drive mechanism, a Y-axis drive mechanism, a Z-axis drive mechanism, a C-axis drive mechanism, and an R-axis detection mechanism; the gantry is arranged on the base, the X-axis drive mechanism is arranged on the gantry, the Z-axis drive mechanism is arranged on the X-axis drive mechanism, and the Z-axis drive mechanism is provided with a milling assembly; The Y-axis drive mechanism is arranged on the base below the gantry, the C-axis drive mechanism is arranged on the Y-axis drive mechanism, the C-axis drive mechanism is provided with a workpiece clamping device, and the R-axis detection mechanism is arranged on the Z-axis drive mechanism for performing online detection of the workpiece.

2. The five-axis ultra-precision milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Y-axis driving mechanism is also provided with an online grinding wheel dressing device, which can dress the grinding wheel in real time.

3. The five-axis ultra-precision milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Z-axis drive mechanism includes a Z1-axis drive mechanism and a Z2-axis drive mechanism. The Z1-axis drive mechanism and the Z2-axis drive mechanism are arranged in parallel on the X-axis drive mechanism, and the milling components are respectively arranged at the bottom of the Z1-axis drive mechanism and the Z2-axis drive mechanism.

4. The five-axis ultra-precision milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The milling and grinding assembly at the bottom of the Z1-axis driving mechanism adopts a vertical layout, and the milling and grinding assembly at the bottom of the Z2-axis driving mechanism adopts a horizontal layout.

5. The five-axis ultra-precision milling machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The online grinding wheel dressing device includes a first online grinding wheel dressing mechanism and a second online grinding wheel dressing mechanism. The first online grinding wheel dressing mechanism and the second online grinding wheel dressing mechanism are oppositely arranged at two sides of the C-axis driving mechanism.

6. The five-axis ultra-precision milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The R-axis detection mechanism includes an air-floating turntable, a support frame, and a laser scanning head; the support frame is arranged on the rotating shaft of the air-floating turntable, and the laser scanning head is installed on the support frame. The air-floating turntable can drive the laser scanning head to rotate and adjust the scanning detection angle.

7. The five-axis ultra-precision milling machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The R-axis detection mechanism is provided on the Z1-axis driving mechanism and is located between the Z1-axis driving mechanism and the Z2-axis driving mechanism.

8. A processing method for a five-axis ultra-precision milling machine tool, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Workpiece positioning: 1.1) Place the workpiece on the workpiece clamping device for positioning and clamping; 1.2) The Y-axis drive mechanism drives the workpiece to the set processing position; Step 2: Workpiece processing: 2.1) The C-axis drive mechanism drives the workpiece to rotate horizontally; 2.2) The X-axis drive mechanism drives the Z-axis drive mechanism to move linearly in the horizontal direction; 2.3) The Z1-axis drive mechanism and the Z2-axis drive mechanism sequentially drive the milling and grinding assembly to move in a straight line along the vertical direction to process the end and side of the workpiece; Step 3: Workpiece detection: 3.1) The X-axis drive mechanism drives the Z-axis drive mechanism to move in a straight line in the horizontal direction, moving the R-axis detection mechanism to the corresponding horizontal position. The Z1-axis drive mechanism drives the R-axis detection mechanism to move in a straight line in the vertical direction to the corresponding vertical position. At this time, the C-axis drive mechanism is still in the state of driving the workpiece to rotate in the horizontal direction. The air-bearing turntable of the R-axis detection mechanism drives the laser scanning head to adjust the angle for detection; 3.2) The detected data is uploaded to the system, and the system automatically adjusts the processing parameters according to the detected data for processing; Step 4: Workpiece reprocessing: 4.1) After the R-axis detection mechanism is completed, perform step 2 again to process the workpiece; 4.2) After the workpiece is processed, perform step 3 workpiece inspection again until the workpiece meets the processing setting parameter requirements; Step 5: Finishing: 5.1) The Y-axis drive mechanism drives the online grinding wheel dressing device to the position below the milling assembly and starts the grinding wheel; 5.2) The X-axis drive mechanism sequentially drives the Z1-axis drive mechanism and the Z2-axis drive mechanism to reach the corresponding horizontal position. The Z1-axis drive mechanism and the Z2-axis drive mechanism sequentially drive the milling assembly to contact the online grinding wheel dressing device for dressing.

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