Fabricated concrete self-stabilization pond dam and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a fabricated concrete self-stabilization pond dam and a construction method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of water conservancy projects. The pond dam plane is in a biaxial symmetry pattern and is composed of prefabricated reinforced concrete members, inhaul cables and a hydraulic membrane. The prefabricated reinforced concrete member comprises a buttress, a baffle and a raft, the side vertical face of the buttress is a right triangle, and a bolt inserting hole is formed in the hypotenuse of the buttress; the baffles are connected with the buttresses through the plug pins to form an inclined inner dam face, the buttresses are reinforced through the supporting rods and the diagonal bracings, and the raft serves as an expanded foundation of the buttresses. The stay cables are connected with the buttresses at the symmetrical positions to form a mutually-balanced opposite-pull structure. A water conveying pipe, a mud discharging pipe and a water discharging pipe are arranged at the bottom of the water conservancy project film, and a spillway is arranged outside the water conservancy project film. Through modular assembly and self-stabilization design, rapid construction, high anti-sliding and anti-overturning stability and adaptation to complex geological conditions are achieved, earthwork filling engineering is basically omitted, the engineering amount of the hollow dam body structure is reduced by 60%, the comprehensive cost is reduced by 40%-50%, the construction period is shortened by 60% or above, and the detachable and ecological-friendly hollow dam body structure has detachability and ecological friendliness.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of water conservancy engineering, and in particular relates to an assembled concrete self-stabilizing pond dam and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As traditional water conservancy projects, ponds and dams play an important role in agricultural irrigation and domestic water regulation. However, traditional ponds and dams, mostly constructed of earth and stone or cast-in-situ concrete, have significant drawbacks: First, they have a long construction period, relying on complex formwork and maintenance processes, resulting in low efficiency. Second, they are demanding on topographical and geological conditions, requiring large-scale excavation or backfilling, which is a large project and detrimental to the ecological environment. Third, anti-seepage measures rely on clay core walls or grouting techniques, which are prone to leakage due to improper treatment scope, poor quality, or foundation settlement. Since leaks are difficult to accurately locate, repairs are difficult and maintenance costs are high. Finally, due to structural limitations, scour and seismic resistance are poor, posing significant safety risks under high water levels.

[0003] While the recent popularity of hydraulic membrane technology has partially addressed the anti-seepage problem, existing prefabricated dams still have shortcomings: prefabricated components are bulky and lack flexibility in assembly; the structure relies on rigid connections, making it difficult to adapt to foundation deformation; and the anti-slip stability design is limited, lacking a self-balancing mechanism under dynamic water levels. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a prefabricated dam that combines rapid construction, high stability, low cost, and adaptability to complex terrain. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention discloses an assembled concrete self-stabilizing pond dam and a construction method thereof, which has light components, simple manufacturing process, cheap on-site preparation and assembly, and can be mass-produced.

[0005] An assembled concrete self-stabilizing pond dam, characterized in that: the planar shape of the pond dam is a biaxially symmetrical figure, and the main structural members include baffles, buttresses, rafts, cables and hydraulic membranes, wherein the baffles, buttresses and rafts are all prefabricated reinforced concrete members, the rafts include edge rafts and corner rafts, the edge rafts are arranged at equal intervals on the axis of the straight section of the pond dam, the corner rafts are arranged at the bend of the dam axis of the pond dam, the buttresses include edge piers, corner piers and corner piers, the corner piers are installed on the edge rafts at the two end points of the straight section of the pond dam axis, the edge piers are installed on the remaining edge rafts, and the corner piers are installed on the corner rafts, and the side elevation of the buttresses is a right triangle with its hypotenuse facing the interior of the pond dam and a plurality of pin insertion holes provided on the hypotenuse; The baffles include rectangular baffles, isosceles trapezoidal baffles, and right-angled trapezoidal baffles. Rectangular baffles are installed on the slope between the piers on the axis of the straight section of the dam. Isosceles trapezoidal baffles are installed on the lower part of the slope between the corner piers at the corner. The right-angled trapezoidal baffles are installed on the slope between the corner piers and the corner piers. All baffles are connected to the piers by bolts. The transverse joints between the baffles are all set on the piers, and they are connected to each other to form a slope inclined to the inside of the pond dam. The tops of adjacent piers of various types are connected by braces, and the outer sides of adjacent piers are erected with braces to form scissors braces. All piers are equipped with threading pipes running through the front and back. Tension cables are used to pull the corresponding side piers and corner piers in pairs. The cables pass through the threading pipes at the bottom of the piers. Anchor bolts are used on the outside of the piers to adjust the tension of the cables and fix them. Horizontal cables are connected to the bottom and top of all corner piers, and their tension direction is perpendicular to the contour line direction on the corner slope. A hydraulic membrane is laid inside the pond dam, and the edge of the hydraulic membrane is fixed on the top of the slope. A protective layer is set under the hydraulic membrane, and a hydraulic cloth is laid on the slope. A fine sand layer is laid at the bottom, and a number of flower pipes or drainage blind ditches are laid under the fine sand layer. The bottom of the pond dam is connected to the water supply pipe, mud discharge pipe and drainage pipe leading to the outside of the pond dam. The pipe openings of the water supply pipe and mud discharge pipe inside the pond dam are sealed and clamped with the hydraulic membrane through flanges or composite water tank joints, and valves are set at the external pipe openings. The drainage pipe is connected to the flower pipe or drainage blind ditch under the fine sand layer to drain the seepage water under the hydraulic membrane of the pond dam to the downstream river channel. A spillway is dug outside the pond dam and connected to the downstream river channel, and a spillway with a width smaller than the width of the spillway is opened on the top of the baffle above the spillway.

[0006] Furthermore, the elevation angle of the inclined planes of the sideline buttress and the corner buttress is less than 57.2°, and the length of the base is greater than 0.644 times the height of the buttress.

[0007] Furthermore, hydraulic fabrics are laid on the slopes, corners and joints of the water pipes, mud discharge pipes and hydraulic membranes of the pond dam, and the hydraulic fabrics are laid under the hydraulic membranes to strengthen the protection of the hydraulic membranes.

[0008] Preferably, when the pond dam is built close to the mountain, the mountain is used as the slope on one side of the pond dam, and rock and soil anchor rods are set on the slope as anchor points for the pier cables opposite to it, and a horse path is set above the highest water level.

[0009] A method for constructing an assembled concrete self-stabilizing pond dam, characterized by comprising the following steps: S1. Based on the construction objectives and site conditions, design the overall dimensions of the pond and dam, determine the water depth and pier spacing, design the shapes and specifications of the baffles, piers and rafts, and prefabricate the assembly parts according to the calculated quantities.

[0010] S2: Clean, level and compact the ground or the slope close to the mountain, lay flower pipes, drainage blind ditches and fine sand layers within the construction site of the pond dam, and pre-bury drainage pipes, mud pipes and water pipes; dig spillways at the drainage points; S3: Install the raft and erect piers on the raft. Use braces to connect the tops of adjacent piers. Install scissor braces below and on the outer sides of the adjacent pier baffles. S4, using pins to install the rectangular baffles, isosceles trapezoidal baffles, and right-angled trapezoidal baffles on the corresponding piers, interconnecting them to form the water-facing slope of the pond dam, and opening a spillway; S5: Use cables to pull the side piers and corner piers at the axisymmetric position in pairs, and use anchor bolts to adjust the tension and fix them; S6, connect the cables at the bottom and top of the corner pier, ensuring that the cable tensioning direction is perpendicular to the projection of the contour line on the corner slope on the horizontal plane; S7, lay the bottom fine sand and hydraulic fabric protective layer, lay the hydraulic membrane on the protective layer, adjust the water supply pipe and mud discharge pipe openings to be flush with the hydraulic membrane, and use flanges or composite water tank joints to seal and clamp the hydraulic membrane.

[0011] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) Through the standardized design of prefabricated reinforced concrete components, factory production and modular assembly are achieved. The lightweight components greatly reduce the difficulty of transportation and lifting. Only simple splicing is required on site, which significantly shortens the construction period and is especially suitable for areas with difficult transportation.

[0012] (2) The symmetrical piers form a bidirectional tension balance through the cables, offsetting the water pressure thrust and ensuring the anti-slip stability of the dam body at any water level; the quantitative optimization design of the pier slope angle and the bottom edge length, combined with the rigid reinforcement of the support rods and scissors struts, forms a natural anti-overturning structure, breaking through the traditional dam body's stringent geological requirements for anti-seepage, and only requires the foundation to have a stable bearing capacity.

[0013] (3) Use fine sand and hydraulic cloth for composite protection: The hydraulic membrane forms an independent anti-seepage layer, which is suspended and fixed around the periphery, and the flange or composite water tank joint is used to seal the interface between the pipe and the hydraulic membrane to achieve full-area leakage-free. The hydraulic cloth and fine sand layer are laid at the key parts under the membrane, which have strong deformation adaptability, avoid stress concentration, prevent mechanical damage, and extend the service life of the hydraulic membrane.

[0014] (4) Compared with traditional pond dams, this invention essentially eliminates earthwork filling, and the hollow dam structure reduces engineering workload by 60%, overall costs by approximately 40%-50%, and construction period by more than 60%. Furthermore, it is removable and relocatable, significantly improving resource utilization. Its fully rigid material flexible splicing technology, mechanically self-stabilizing design, and modular construction model fill a technological gap in the field of prefabricated pond dams, and possesses significant promotional value and socio-economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 This is an overhead view of the prefabricated concrete self-stabilizing pond dam.

[0016] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the installation of raft, piers and cables.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of the prefabricated concrete self-stabilizing pond dam in Example 1.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of the prefabricated concrete self-stabilizing pond dam in Example 2.

[0019] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the sideline pier structure.

[0020] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the corner pier structure.

[0021] Among them: 1-hydraulic membrane, 2-cable, 21-threading pipe, 22-anchor bolt, 3-side pier, 31-corner pier, 32-side corner pier, 4-side raft, 41-corner raft, 5-rectangular baffle, 51-isosceles trapezoidal baffle, 52-right-angled trapezoidal baffle, 6-pin, 61-pin socket, 7-support rod, 8-hydraulic fabric, 9-flower pipe, 10-spillway, 11-spillway, 12-water pipe, 13-mud discharge pipe, 14-drainage pipe, 15-fine sand layer, 16-hydraulic membrane anchor trench, 17-rock and soil anchor, 18-mountain slope, 19-horseway, 20-intercepting ditch. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] Example 1: Construct a rectangular prefabricated concrete self-stabilizing pond dam, the main components of which include baffles, piers, rafts, cables 2 and hydraulic membrane 1, wherein the baffles, piers and rafts are all prefabricated reinforced concrete parts, the rafts include edge rafts 4 and corner rafts 41, the edge rafts 4 are arranged at equal intervals on the straight section dam axis of the pond dam, and the corner rafts 41 are arranged at the bend of the dam axis of the pond dam, the piers include edge piers 3, corner piers 32 and corner piers 31, the edge piers 3 and corner piers 32 have an inclined surface elevation angle less than 57.2°, and the base length is greater than 0.644 times the pier height; the corner piers 32 are installed on the edge rafts 4 at the two end points of the straight section dam axis of the pond dam, the edge piers 3 are installed on the remaining edge rafts 4, and the corner piers 32 are installed on the corner rafts 41. The side elevation of the piers is a right triangle, with its hypotenuse facing the inside of the pond dam and a plurality of pin insertion holes 61 provided on the hypotenuse; The baffles include rectangular baffles 5, isosceles trapezoidal baffles 51, and right-angled trapezoidal baffles 52. The rectangular baffles 5 are installed on the inclined surface between the piers on the axis of the straight section dam, the isosceles trapezoidal baffles 51 are installed on the lower part of the inclined surface between the corner piers 32 at the corner, and the right-angled trapezoidal baffles 52 are installed on the inclined surface between the corner piers 32 and the corner piers 31. All baffles are connected to the piers through bolts 6. The transverse joints between the baffles are all set on the piers, and they are connected to each other to form a slope oblique to the inside of the pond dam; the tops of adjacent piers of various types are connected with struts 7, and the outer sides of adjacent piers are erected with struts 7 to form scissors braces; All piers are provided with threading tubes 21 running through the front and back of the piers. On the plane, between the corresponding side piers 3 and corner piers 32, cables 2 are used to pull the cables in pairs. The cables 2 pass through the threading tubes 32 at the bottom of the piers. Anchor bolts 22 are used on the outside of the piers to adjust the tension of the cables 2 and fix them. Cables 2 are connected between the bottom ends and the top ends of all corner piers 31, and their tensioning direction is perpendicular to the contour line direction on the corner slope surface. A hydraulic membrane 1 is laid inside the pond dam, which is connected as a whole. The edge of the hydraulic membrane 1 is fixed to the top of the slope. A protective layer is set under the hydraulic membrane 1. A hydraulic cloth 8 is laid on the slope. A fine sand layer 15 is laid at the bottom. Several flower pipes 9 and drainage blind ditches are laid under the fine sand layer 15. The bottom of the pond dam is connected to a water pipe 12, a mud discharge pipe 13 and a drainage pipe 14 leading to the outside of the pond dam. The pipe openings of the water pipe 12 and the mud discharge pipe 13 inside the pond dam are sealed and clamped with the hydraulic membrane through a composite water tank joint, and a valve is set at the external pipe opening; the drainage pipe 14 is connected to the flower pipe 9 or the drainage blind ditch below the fine sand layer 15 to drain the seepage water under the hydraulic membrane of the pond dam to the downstream river channel; a spillway 11 is dug outside the pond dam and connected to the downstream river channel, and a spillway 10 with a width smaller than the width of the spillway is opened on the top of the baffle above the spillway 11.

[0023] The prefabricated concrete self-stabilizing pond is constructed according to the following steps: S1, the overall dimensions of the designed pond dam are rectangular in plan, 40m x 60m in length and width, 5.0m in depth, and the designed volume is 12,000m 3 The main assembly parts of the pond dam include baffles, piers, rafts, cables 2 and hydraulic membranes 1, and each part is prefabricated according to the size of the pond dam.

[0024] S2, clean and level the ground, lay the pre-buried water pipe 12, mud pipe 13, flower pipe 9 and drainage pipe 14; dig the spillway 11 at the place convenient for drainage and connect it to the downstream river channel; S3, install the raft slab and erect piers on the raft slab, wherein the baffle, piers and raft slab are all prefabricated reinforced concrete parts. The raft slab includes a side raft slab 4 and a corner raft slab 41. The width of the raft slab is determined according to the load and the bearing capacity of the foundation. The side raft slabs 4 are arranged at equal intervals on the side line of the pond dam, and the corner raft slabs 41 are arranged at the corners of the pond dam. The piers include side line piers 3, corner piers 32 and corner piers 31. The side line piers 3 and the corner piers have an elevation angle of 55°, and the corner pier 31 has an elevation angle of 65°. A wire threading pipe 21 is reserved at the bottom of the side line piers 3 and the corner piers 21 to pass through the front and back; the corner piers 31 are fixed on the side line rafts 4 at both ends of each side line of the pond dam, the side line piers 3 are fixed on the remaining side line rafts 4, and the corner piers 31 are fixed on the corner rafts 41. The side elevation of the pier is a right triangle, with its hypotenuse facing the inside of the pond dam and a number of pin holes 61 evenly arranged on the hypotenuse. The tops of adjacent piers of each type are connected to each other by struts 7, and scissor struts are set by struts 7 on the bottom and outer sides of adjacent baffles.

[0025] S4, the baffles include rectangular baffles 5, isosceles trapezoidal baffles 51 and right-angled trapezoidal baffles 52, wherein the rectangular baffles 5 are installed on the inclined surface between the side piers 3 and the corner piers 32, the isosceles trapezoidal baffles 51 are installed on the bottom inclined surface between the corner piers 32, and the right-angled trapezoidal baffles 52 are installed on the inclined surface between the corner piers 32 and the corner piers 31. All baffles are connected to the piers by inserting pins 6 into the pin sockets 61. The baffles are connected to each other to form a water-facing slope oblique to the inside of the pond dam, and a spillway 10 with a width smaller than the width of the spillway 11 is opened at the top of the baffle corresponding to the position of the spillway 11.

[0026] S5, between the corresponding side piers 3 and corner piers 32 on the plane, use cables 2 at the bottom to pull each other in pairs, the cables 2 pass through the threading tube 21 at the bottom of the pier, and use anchor bolts 22 on the outside of the pier to adjust the tension and fix it.

[0027] S6, all corner piers 31 are connected to each other with cables 2 between their tops and bottoms. The arrangement of the cables 2 must ensure that the tensioning direction of the cables 2 is perpendicular to the contour line direction on the corner slope.

[0028] S7, inside the pond dam, fine sand 15 is laid on the bottom, and the fine sand 15 is thickened at the armpit corners where the dam slope connects to the bottom, and around the joints of the water outlet and the mud discharge pipe; a hydraulic fabric 8 is laid on the water-facing slope, and hydraulic fabric 8 is laid on top of the fine sand 15 around the joints of the water outlet and the mud discharge pipe; a hydraulic membrane 1 connected as one is laid on top of the fine sand 15 and the hydraulic fabric 8, and the edge of the hydraulic membrane 1 is fixed to the top of the dam slope; the pipe openings of the water supply pipe 12 and the mud discharge pipe 13 at the bottom of the pond dam are located inside the pond dam and are sealed and clamped with the hydraulic membrane 1 through flanges or composite water tank joints, and valves are installed at the external pipe openings. The pipe opening of the drainage pipe 14 located inside the pond dam is set below the fine sand layer 15, connected to the flower pipe 9 and the drainage blind ditch, and the external pipe opening is connected to the spillway 11.

[0029] Example 2: The construction location of the prefabricated concrete self-stabilizing pond dam is close to the hill. The mountain side is used to form a stable dam slope facing the water after excavation and slope reduction. Geotechnical anchor rods are drilled and buried at the foot of the slope as the anchor point for the opposite pier cable.

[0030] The ground was cleaned, leveled, and compacted. The mountain was excavated, and the side slope 18 was stepped down to a stable gradient. Geotechnical anchor bolts 17 were drilled and buried at the toe of the slope, ensuring that the tensile strength of the geotechnical anchor bolts 17 met the design requirements. Flower pipes 9 were laid along the side slope and toe of the slope to drain groundwater. A bridleway 19 was constructed at the top of the dam slope, with a hydraulic membrane anchor trench 16 installed on the bridleway to embed and secure the top edge of the hydraulic membrane 1 on the mountainside. A water interception trench 20 was also installed on the bridleway to divert surface runoff from the slope. At the junction of the mountain slope and the assembly, cast-in-place concrete buttresses were used to protect the slope and connect with adjacent prefabricated buttresses.

[0031] The remaining structures and construction steps of Example 2 are the same as those of Example 1.

Claims

1. An assembled concrete self-stabilizing pond dam, characterized by: The planar shape of the dam is a biaxially symmetrical figure, and its main components include baffles, buttresses, rafts, cables and hydraulic membranes, wherein the baffles, buttresses and rafts are all prefabricated reinforced concrete parts. The rafts include edge rafts and corner rafts. The edge rafts are arranged at equal intervals on the axis of the straight section of the dam, and the corner rafts are arranged at the bend of the dam axis. The buttresses include edge piers, corner piers and corner piers. The corner piers are installed on the edge rafts at the two end points of the axis of the straight section of the dam, the edge piers are installed on the remaining edge rafts, and the corner piers are installed on the corner rafts. The side elevation of the buttress is a right triangle, with its hypotenuse facing the interior of the dam and a number of pin insertion holes provided on the hypotenuse. The baffles include rectangular baffles, isosceles trapezoidal baffles, and right-angled trapezoidal baffles. Rectangular baffles are installed on the slope between the piers on the axis of the straight section of the dam. Isosceles trapezoidal baffles are installed on the lower part of the slope between the corner piers at the corner. The right-angled trapezoidal baffles are installed on the slope between the corner piers and the corner piers. All baffles are connected to the piers by bolts. The transverse joints between the baffles are all set on the piers, and they are connected to each other to form a slope inclined to the inside of the pond dam. The tops of adjacent piers of various types are connected by braces, and the outer sides of adjacent piers are erected with braces to form scissors braces. All piers are equipped with threading pipes running through the front and back. Tension cables are used to pull the corresponding side piers and corner piers in pairs. The cables pass through the threading pipes at the bottom of the piers. Anchor bolts are used on the outside of the piers to adjust the tension of the cables and fix them. Horizontal cables are connected to the bottom and top of all corner piers, and their tension direction is perpendicular to the contour line direction on the corner slope. A hydraulic membrane is laid inside the pond dam, and the edge of the hydraulic membrane is fixed on the top of the slope. A protective layer is set under the hydraulic membrane, and a hydraulic cloth is laid on the slope. A fine sand layer is laid at the bottom, and a number of flower pipes or drainage blind ditches are laid under the fine sand layer. The bottom of the pond dam is connected to the water supply pipe, mud discharge pipe and drainage pipe leading to the outside of the pond dam. The pipe openings of the water supply pipe and mud discharge pipe inside the pond dam are sealed and clamped with the hydraulic membrane through flanges or composite water tank joints, and valves are set at the external pipe openings. The drainage pipe is connected to the flower pipe or drainage blind ditch under the fine sand layer to drain the seepage water under the hydraulic membrane of the pond dam to the downstream river channel. A spillway is dug outside the pond dam and connected to the downstream river channel, and a spillway with a width smaller than the width of the spillway is opened on the top of the baffle above the spillway.

2. The self-stabilizing concrete dam according to claim 1, characterized in that The elevation angle of the inclined plane of the sideline pier and the corner pier is less than 57.2°, and the length of the bottom side is greater than 0.644 times the height of the pier.

3. The self-stabilizing concrete dam according to claim 1, characterized in that The slope, corners and joints of the water pipe, mud discharge pipe and hydraulic membrane of the pond dam are paved with hydraulic fabrics, which are laid under the hydraulic membrane to strengthen the protection of the hydraulic membrane.

4. The self-stabilizing concrete dam according to claim 1, characterized in that When the pond dam is arranged close to the mountain, the mountain is used as the slope of one side of the pond dam, and rock and soil anchor rods are set on the slope as anchor points for the opposite pier cables, and a horse path is set above the highest water level.

5. A method for constructing an assembled concrete self-stabilizing pond dam, characterized in that The following steps are involved: S1. Based on the construction objectives and site conditions, design the overall dimensions of the pond and dam, determine the water depth and pier spacing, design the shapes and specifications of the baffles, piers, and rafts, and prefabricate the assembly parts according to the calculated quantities; S2: Clean, level and compact the ground or the slope close to the mountain, lay flower pipes, drainage blind ditches and fine sand layers within the construction site of the pond dam, and pre-bury drainage pipes, mud pipes and water pipes; dig spillways at the drainage points; S3: Install the raft and erect piers on the raft. Use braces to connect the tops of adjacent piers. Install scissor braces below and on the outer sides of the adjacent pier baffles. S4, using pins to install the rectangular baffles, isosceles trapezoidal baffles, and right-angled trapezoidal baffles on the corresponding piers, interconnecting them to form the water-facing slope of the pond dam, and opening a spillway; S5: Use cables to pull the side piers and corner piers at the axisymmetric position in pairs, and use anchor bolts to adjust the tension and fix them; S6, connect the cables at the bottom and top of the corner pier, ensuring that the cable tensioning direction is perpendicular to the projection of the contour line on the corner slope on the horizontal plane; S7, lay the bottom fine sand and hydraulic fabric protective layer, lay the hydraulic membrane on the protective layer, adjust the water supply pipe and mud discharge pipe openings to be flush with the hydraulic membrane, and use flanges or composite water tank joints to seal and clamp the hydraulic membrane.

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