A coal mine safety monitoring system

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of coal mine safety monitoring, and discloses a coal mine safety monitoring system, comprising: a plurality of displacement acquisition devices and a plurality of pressure acquisition devices, which are arranged in a plurality of monitoring sub-regions respectively, and each monitoring sub-region corresponds to one device. For each monitoring sub-region, the displacement acquisition device acquires the roof vertical movement data and the region number and sends them to the background processing device; the pressure acquisition device acquires the roof pressure data and the corresponding region number and sends them to the background processing device. The background processing device receives the displacement and pressure data of each monitoring sub-region. According to the roof downward movement data, the roof pressure data and the region number, the roof risk area, the roof instability grade and the roof geological danger grade are determined, and the actual roof danger grade is generated; the user terminal position information is acquired, and according to the actual roof danger grade, the corresponding early warning strategy is determined and sent to the corresponding user terminal, so that the comprehensive monitoring of the roof is realized and the response is made in time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mine safety monitoring technology, and specifically to a coal mine safety monitoring system. Background Technology

[0002] In coal mine production operations, roof instability is one of the main hidden dangers leading to mine safety accidents. To ensure the safety of workers and reduce economic losses, coal mines typically deploy monitoring systems to monitor the roof in real time. Existing monitoring systems use single data points for risk assessment, making it difficult to comprehensively reflect the dynamic changes in roof stress and movement. They fail to provide tiered early warning strategies for different risk levels and fail to allocate responses based on actual mine worker roles. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a real-time monitoring system for coal mine safety that can comprehensively assess multiple data points and provide personalized early warnings based on different risk levels, user roles, and work statuses, thereby improving the intelligence level and response speed of coal mine safety management.

[0003] The following technical problems frequently exist in existing coal mine production operations:

[0004] First, most existing systems rely on single data points for risk assessment, failing to comprehensively consider the synergistic effect of data, making it difficult to fully assess the risk of roof instability and resulting in inaccurate monitoring results; moreover, the existing systems lack targeted early warning strategies, leading to low early warning efficiency.

[0005] Second, existing systems typically fail to differentiate the responsibilities and needs of different user roles, thus failing to provide targeted solutions and affecting the effectiveness of safety responses. Existing coal mine safety monitoring systems usually only focus on roof displacement data, failing to fully utilize roof displacement data and regional pressure data for comprehensive analysis, resulting in an inability to comprehensively and accurately identify roof instability risks and abnormal areas. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The summary section of this invention provides a brief overview of the concepts, which will be described in detail in the detailed description section below. This summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed technical solutions, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the claimed technical solutions.

[0007] This invention proposes a coal mine safety monitoring system to solve one or more of the technical problems mentioned in the background section above.

[0008] This invention provides a coal mine safety monitoring system, comprising: multiple displacement acquisition devices, set in multiple monitoring sub-areas, each monitoring sub-area corresponding to an area number, and each monitoring sub-area corresponding to one displacement acquisition device; each displacement acquisition device is used to send the acquired vertical movement data of the roof to a background processing device, the vertical movement data of the roof including the downward movement data of the roof and the area number;

[0009] Multiple pressure acquisition devices are set up in multiple monitoring sub-areas, with one pressure acquisition device corresponding to each monitoring sub-area; each pressure acquisition device is used to send the collected roof pressure data and the corresponding area number to the background processing device;

[0010] The back-end processing equipment is used to receive the vertical movement data and pressure data of the roof in each monitoring sub-area; based on the roof downward movement data and roof pressure data, it determines the roof risk zone and the corresponding roof instability level and roof geological hazard level; based on the roof instability level and roof geological hazard level, it generates the actual roof hazard level.

[0011] The back-end processing equipment is also used to store user profile datasets, which include multiple user profile data, each of which includes a user terminal identifier. Based on the user terminal identifier, the equipment obtains and identifies the first user terminal location information, which is used to indicate whether the user is located on the surface or underground. Based on the user terminal location information and the actual hazard level of the roof, the equipment determines the underground early warning strategy and the surface early warning strategy. The equipment then sends the underground early warning strategy and the surface early warning strategy to the corresponding user terminal so that the user can respond.

[0012] Optionally, each user profile in the multiple user profile data may also include user role and user work status; user role may be front-line worker, safety monitor or on-site supervisor; user work status may include on-duty or waiting-to-be-on-duty; ground early warning strategy may include worker ground early warning sub-strategy, monitor ground early warning sub-strategy and supervisor ground early warning sub-strategy.

[0013] Optionally, the background processing equipment is also used to group the user profile dataset according to the user's work status to obtain the work user profile data group; and to group the work user profile data group according to the user's role to obtain the worker profile data subgroup, the monitor profile data subgroup, and the person in charge profile data subgroup.

[0014] The worker ground early warning sub-policy is sent to the user terminal corresponding to the worker profile data sub-group; the monitor ground early warning sub-policy is sent to the user terminal corresponding to the monitor profile data sub-group; and the person in charge ground early warning sub-policy is sent to the user terminal corresponding to the person in charge profile data sub-group.

[0015] Optionally, the vertical movement data of the roof also includes data on the upward movement of the roof; and

[0016] The background processing equipment is also used to determine multiple monitoring sub-regions corresponding to the top plate upward data as multiple upward monitoring sub-regions, and to determine the upward speed of each upward monitoring sub-region;

[0017] If the upward movement speed exceeds the preset upward movement speed threshold, the corresponding upward movement monitoring sub-region is identified as a key monitoring sub-region, and the roof pressure data of the key monitoring sub-region is determined; the roof pressure data of the key monitoring sub-region is determined as the key roof pressure data.

[0018] If the key roof pressure data exceeds the preset roof pressure threshold, the corresponding key monitoring sub-area is identified as an abnormal monitoring sub-area, and the abnormality level of the abnormal monitoring sub-area is determined. The abnormality level of the abnormal monitoring sub-area, the key roof pressure data, the roof displacement data, and the corresponding area number are sent to the user terminal of the safety monitor.

[0019] Optionally, the background processing equipment is also used to identify adjacent roof risk areas based on the area number of the abnormal monitoring sub-area, and adjust the corresponding abnormality level after identifying the adjacent roof risk area to obtain the adjusted abnormality level; and adjust the actual hazard level of the roof corresponding to the adjacent roof risk area to obtain the adjusted actual hazard level of the roof.

[0020] Optionally, the background processing device is also used to determine the pre-stored one-way transportation time of the personnel transportation equipment as the target duration; after the target duration has elapsed, the device obtains the corresponding second user terminal location information based on the user terminal identifier; and determines the second user terminal location information as the user terminal location information.

[0021] Optionally, the downhole early warning strategy includes voice broadcast content and light signal mode. The voice broadcast content can be a first voice broadcast content, a second voice broadcast content, or a third voice broadcast content, and the light signal mode can be a first color light signal, a second color light signal, or a third color light signal; the actual roof hazard level is one of the following: low risk, medium risk, high risk; and

[0022] The back-end processing equipment is also used to generate a first color light signal and a first voice broadcast if the actual hazard level of the roof is low; generate a second color light signal and a second voice broadcast if the actual hazard level of the roof is medium; and generate a third color light signal and a third voice broadcast if the actual hazard level of the roof is high.

[0023] Optionally, the background processing equipment is also used to activate the backup pressure acquisition equipment and backup displacement acquisition equipment of the corresponding monitoring sub-area after the roof risk area or abnormal monitoring sub-area is determined.

[0024] Acquire the backup pressure data corresponding to the backup pressure acquisition device and the backup roof vertical movement data corresponding to the backup displacement acquisition device; compare the backup pressure data with the roof pressure data to obtain the pressure difference; compare the backup roof vertical movement data with the roof vertical movement data to obtain the movement data difference; if the pressure difference or movement data difference exceeds the corresponding difference threshold, generate an equipment verification command; send the verification command to the equipment management terminal.

[0025] Optionally, the coal mine safety monitoring system of the present invention further includes:

[0026] Multiple downhole data relay devices transmit downhole data from each monitoring sub-area to the surface receiving device through multiple downhole data relay devices according to the preset transmission path. The downhole data includes roof vertical movement data, roof pressure data, and area number.

[0027] The ground receiving equipment is used to receive the downhole data and perform cross-verification and fusion processing on downhole data sent by multiple downhole data relay devices to obtain adjusted downhole data; the adjusted downhole data is then sent to the background processing equipment.

[0028] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] 1. Improve the accuracy of monitoring results and the efficiency of early warning. Specifically, by setting up corresponding displacement and pressure acquisition devices in each of the multiple monitoring sub-regions, the vertical movement data and pressure data of the roof in that monitoring sub-region are acquired and sent to the back-end processing equipment. The back-end processing equipment determines the roof risk zone and the corresponding roof instability level based on the received roof displacement and pressure data, and adjusts the roof geological hazard level as an adjustment factor to obtain the actual roof hazard level. The back-end processing equipment is also used to obtain user terminal location information based on user terminal identifiers, and sends corresponding early warning strategies to user terminals based on different user location information and the actual roof hazard level. By comprehensively considering multiple data to determine the roof hazard level and sending different early warning strategies for different user location information, the accuracy of monitoring results is improved, and targeted early warning strategies are sent to improve early warning efficiency.

[0030] 2. Improved the effectiveness of safety response and accurate identification of roof anomalies. Specifically, the back-end processing equipment sends targeted surface or downhole early warning strategies based on user roles and work status, improving the accuracy and efficiency of early warnings; it acquires roof uplift data to determine abnormal monitoring sub-areas and considers the interaction between abnormal monitoring sub-areas and roof risk zones, dynamically adjusting the roof hazard level to enhance risk prediction capabilities and accurately identify roof anomalies; it also performs data comparison and verification through backup acquisition equipment to ensure the reliability of sensor data and reduce false alarms and missed alarms; it transmits data through data relay equipment and performs cross-validation and fusion at ground receiving equipment to ensure data accuracy and stability; and it reconfirms user terminal location information based on the transportation time of personnel transport equipment, providing accurate personnel tracking and management, thereby improving the effectiveness of safety response. Attached Figure Description

[0031] The above and other features, advantages, and aspects of the various embodiments of the present invention will become more apparent from the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description. Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements. It should be understood that the drawings are schematic, and elements are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0032] Figure 1 This is an exemplary structural diagram of a coal mine safety monitoring system according to the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of data transmission in a coal mine safety monitoring system according to the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation scenario of the data acquisition equipment of the coal mine safety monitoring system of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While some embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of the invention. It should be understood that the drawings and embodiments of the invention are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the invention.

[0036] It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts relevant to the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described herein can be combined with each other.

[0037] It should be noted that the concepts of "first" and "second" mentioned in this invention are only used to distinguish different devices, modules or units, and are not used to limit the order of functions performed by these devices, modules or units or their interdependencies.

[0038] It should be noted that the terms "a" and "a plurality of" used in this invention are illustrative rather than restrictive. Those skilled in the art should understand that, unless otherwise expressly indicated in the context, they should be understood as "one or more".

[0039] The names of messages or information exchanged between the various devices of this invention are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of these messages or information.

[0040] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0041] like Figure 1 The diagram shows an exemplary structural schematic of a coal mine safety monitoring system according to the present invention, which includes the following devices: multiple displacement acquisition devices 101, multiple pressure acquisition devices 102, and a background processing device 103.

[0042] The system includes multiple displacement acquisition devices 101, which are set in multiple monitoring sub-areas. Each monitoring sub-area has a corresponding area number and a displacement acquisition device 101. Each displacement acquisition device 101 is used to send the acquired vertical movement data of the roof to the background processing device 103. The vertical movement data of the roof includes the downward movement data of the roof and the area number.

[0043] In some embodiments, multiple displacement acquisition devices 101 are disposed in multiple monitoring sub-regions, wherein the multiple monitoring sub-regions are obtained by dividing the target monitoring area of ​​the coal mine roof. The target monitoring area of ​​the coal mine roof refers to the roof area that needs to be monitored on the working face of the coal mine. The roof refers to the rock layer above the roadway in the mine. The entire monitoring area is divided into multiple smaller areas according to the coverage of the sensors, resulting in multiple monitoring sub-regions, each with a unique area number. Each monitoring sub-region corresponds to an area number, and each monitoring sub-region corresponds to one displacement acquisition device 101. The displacement acquisition device 101 can be a laser displacement sensor, which can be a long-distance laser displacement sensor installed on both sides of the roadway. The long-distance laser displacement sensor can monitor the vertical movement of the coal mine roof. The vertical movement is based on the displacement at a previous moment. The area number is an identifier used to uniquely identify each monitoring sub-region within the coal mine roof monitoring area. Each displacement acquisition device 101 is used to acquire the vertical movement data of the roof in the corresponding monitoring sub-area within a preset time period. The vertical movement data includes roof displacement data and area number; the roof displacement data and area number are then sent to the back-end processing device. The preset time period is a fixed time interval predefined according to the coal mine safety monitoring needs, used for periodic acquisition, analysis, or processing of monitoring data. Vertical roof movement data refers to the displacement changes of the roof in the vertical direction in a coal mine. Roof displacement data reflects the roof subsidence, indicating the downward movement of the roof. Roof displacement refers to the downward movement of the roof in a coal mine under the influence of mining or natural geological processes. The back-end processing device can be a back-end server. Based on this, the roof displacement data is monitored using a laser displacement sensor, and then a communication connection is established with the back-end server through various methods, thereby sending the roof displacement data and area number to the back-end server. The area number is associated with the roof displacement data.

[0044] Multiple pressure acquisition devices 102 are set in multiple monitoring sub-areas, with one pressure acquisition device 102 corresponding to each monitoring sub-area; each pressure acquisition device 102 is used to send the collected top plate pressure data and the corresponding area number to the background processing device 103.

[0045] In some embodiments, the pressure acquisition device 102 may be a pressure sensor. One pressure sensor is installed in each monitoring sub-area, and the pressure sensor may be mounted on the support structure below the top plate (e.g., Figure 3As shown in the diagram, pressure sensors are used to collect roof pressure data for the corresponding monitoring sub-area. The support structure refers to a series of devices used to support and stabilize the mine roof (i.e., the rock layer above the mine). Roof pressure data refers to the pressure exerted on the roof within a specific area during the monitoring period. The pressure sensors then establish communication connections with the backend server through various methods, sending the roof pressure data and area number to the backend server. The roof pressure data and area number are associated.

[0046] The background processing device 103 is used to receive the vertical movement data and pressure data of the roof in each monitoring sub-area; determine the roof risk zone based on the roof downward movement data and roof pressure data, and determine the corresponding roof instability level and roof geological hazard level; and generate the actual hazard level of the roof based on the roof instability level and roof geological hazard level.

[0047] In some embodiments, the background processing device 103 may be a background server. The background server establishes a communication connection with the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor to receive the corresponding roof pressure data and roof vertical movement data. A preset roof downward displacement threshold refers to a safe critical value for the roof downward movement data. If the roof downward displacement data exceeds the preset roof downward displacement threshold, it indicates that the roof may have a significant risk of movement. A preset roof pressure threshold refers to a safe critical value for the roof pressure data. If the roof pressure data exceeds the preset roof pressure threshold, it indicates that the pressure on the roof may cause instability. Based on this, if the roof downward displacement data is greater than the preset roof downward displacement threshold, and the roof pressure data is greater than the preset roof pressure threshold, the corresponding monitoring sub-area is determined to be a roof risk zone. Here, the roof risk zone refers to a dangerous area with a risk of instability. A roof downward displacement level table is established, which includes the roof downward displacement level and the range of roof downward displacement data exceeding the preset roof downward displacement threshold. Based on the roof downward displacement data, the roof downward displacement level table is queried to obtain the roof downward displacement level. A roof pressure level table is established, including roof pressure levels and the range of roof pressure data exceeding a preset roof pressure threshold. Based on the roof pressure data, the roof pressure level table is queried to obtain the roof pressure level. The backend server assigns different weights to the roof subsidence level and the roof pressure level, for example, 60% for roof subsidence data and 40% for roof pressure data. Then, a comprehensive score is calculated based on the weights and specific data. The instability level table is then used to retrieve the instability level and its corresponding adjustment factor from the instability level table. The instability level table includes the score range, the corresponding instability level, and the adjustment factor for each instability level. A roof geological hazard level table is also established, including the area number and the corresponding roof geological hazard level. Based on this, the roof geological hazard level table is queried based on the area number corresponding to the roof risk area to obtain the roof geological hazard level corresponding to that area. The roof geological hazard level table includes the area number and the corresponding roof geological hazard level. The roof instability level is used as an adjustment factor to adjust the roof geological hazard level of the roof risk zone, resulting in the actual roof hazard level corresponding to the roof risk zone. The roof geological hazard level refers to the potential hazard level resulting from the geological characteristics of the rock strata containing the mine roof. The roof geological hazard level is typically determined based on factors such as rock strata type, faults, fissures, and the geological structure of the mining area. For example, areas with softer geological strata, numerous fissures, or active faults have higher risks and therefore higher geological hazard levels. The actual roof hazard level is the final hazard level after comprehensively considering both the roof geological hazard and the roof instability situation. For example, the actual roof hazard level could be low, medium, or high risk, depending on the query results and the influence of the adjustment factor. As an example, a roof instability level of slight instability corresponds to an adjustment factor of 0, indicating that no adjustment is made to the roof geological hazard level.If the roof instability level is moderate, the adjustment factor may be +1, indicating that the roof geological hazard level will be increased by one level. If the roof instability level is severe, the adjustment factor may be +2, indicating that the roof geological hazard level will be increased by two levels.

[0048] The background processing device 103 is also used to store user profile datasets, which include multiple user profile data, each of which includes a user terminal identifier; based on the user terminal identifier, the device obtains and identifies the first user terminal location information, which is used to indicate whether the user is located on the surface or underground; based on the user terminal location information and the actual hazard level of the roof, the device determines the underground early warning strategy and the surface early warning strategy; and sends the underground early warning strategy and the surface early warning strategy to the corresponding user terminal so that the user can respond.

[0049] In some embodiments, the backend server stores user profile datasets in a database. The user profile dataset is a collection of multiple user profile data, each representing relevant information for a specific user, including a user terminal identifier. The user terminal identifier is a unique identifier for each user terminal, used to distinguish different user terminal devices. The first user terminal location information refers to the preliminary location information of the user terminal. This information indicates whether the user is on the surface or underground. Based on this, the backend server obtains the user terminal location information through the user terminal's positioning function. If the user terminal location information indicates that the user is underground, the backend server searches the underground policy table for the underground early warning policy corresponding to the actual roof hazard level. The underground early warning policy is based on the specific characteristics of the underground environment; when the user is underground, a specific early warning policy needs to be sent. If the user terminal location information indicates that the user is on the surface, the backend server searches the surface policy table for the surface early warning policy corresponding to the actual roof hazard level. The surface early warning policy differs from the underground policy when the user is on the surface, typically focusing more on the impact of underground risks on surface workers or the safety of other surface equipment. The backend server establishes a communication connection with the user terminal and sends the underground and surface early warning policies to the corresponding user terminals. After receiving the warning policy, the corresponding user will respond according to the warning policy.

[0050] These embodiments improve the accuracy of monitoring results and the efficiency of early warning. Specifically, by setting up corresponding displacement and pressure acquisition devices in each of the multiple monitoring sub-regions, the vertical movement data and pressure data of the roof in that monitoring sub-region are acquired and sent to the back-end processing device. The back-end processing device determines the roof risk zone and the corresponding roof instability level based on the received roof displacement and pressure data, and adjusts the roof geological hazard level as an adjustment factor to obtain the actual roof hazard level. The back-end processing device is also used to obtain user terminal location information based on the user terminal identifier, and sends corresponding early warning strategies to the user terminal based on the actual roof hazard level for different user location information. By comprehensively considering multiple data to determine the roof hazard level and sending different early warning strategies for different user location information, the accuracy of monitoring results is improved, and targeted early warning strategies are sent to improve early warning efficiency.

[0051] In some embodiments, to further address the second technical problem described in the background section, namely, "existing systems typically do not distinguish the responsibilities and needs of different user roles, fail to provide targeted solutions, and affect the effectiveness of safety responses; existing coal mine safety monitoring systems typically only focus on roof displacement data, failing to fully utilize roof displacement data and regional pressure data for comprehensive analysis, resulting in the inability to comprehensively and accurately identify roof instability risks and abnormal areas," in some embodiments of the present invention, each user profile data in multiple user profile data also includes a user role and user work status; the user role is a front-line worker, safety monitor, or on-site supervisor; the user work status includes on-duty or off-duty; the ground early warning strategy includes a worker ground early warning sub-strategy, a monitor ground early warning sub-strategy, and a supervisor ground early warning sub-strategy.

[0052] The background processing device 103 is also used to group the user profile dataset according to the user's work status to obtain the work user profile data group; and to group the work user profile data group according to the user's role to obtain the worker profile data subgroup, the monitor profile data subgroup, and the person in charge profile data subgroup.

[0053] In some embodiments, each user profile in the multiple user profile data sets also includes a user role and a user work status. A user role refers to the role a user plays in the system. A user work status refers to the user's current work status. User roles can be frontline workers, safety monitors, or site supervisors. User work status includes being on duty or waiting to be on duty. Frontline workers are mainly responsible for underground operations such as coal mining, tunneling, support, and transportation. Safety monitors are responsible for real-time monitoring of mine safety status, analyzing sensor data, and developing safety measures. Site supervisors are responsible for directing on-site operations and coordinating safety production and emergency response. Being on duty means the user is currently working and needs to receive real-time alerts to ensure their safety. Waiting to be on duty means the user is not currently at their post (e.g., on leave, reassigned), does not need to receive real-time alerts, and their data can be filtered by the backend. When a user is on the surface, different alert strategies are selected based on the user role. The worker surface alert sub-strategy is applicable to workers who have just finished underground work, used to remind them of potential underground safety hazards in the future. The monitor surface alert sub-strategy is applicable to personnel working in the safety monitoring center. The supervisor surface alert sub-strategy is applicable to site management personnel. In practice, the backend server filters "on-duty" users and removes those waiting to be on duty, ensuring that alerts are only sent to users who are currently working. The backend server queries the user profile dataset. Users with a "working status" of "on-duty" are selected, forming a working user profile data group. The "user role" field is extracted from the working user profile data group. The working user profile data group is then divided according to role, resulting in worker profile data subgroups, monitor profile data subgroups, and supervisor profile data subgroups.

[0054] The worker ground early warning sub-policy is sent to the user terminal corresponding to the worker profile data sub-group; the monitor ground early warning sub-policy is sent to the user terminal corresponding to the monitor profile data sub-group; and the person in charge ground early warning sub-policy is sent to the user terminal corresponding to the person in charge profile data sub-group.

[0055] In some embodiments, the backend server queries the user terminal identifier to determine the user terminal device corresponding to each subgroup. The worker ground early warning sub-policy is sent to the user terminal corresponding to the worker profile data subgroup. The monitor ground early warning sub-policy is sent to the user terminal corresponding to the monitor profile data subgroup. The person in charge ground early warning sub-policy is sent to the user terminal corresponding to the person in charge profile data subgroup. After receiving the corresponding ground early warning sub-policy, the user performs the corresponding operation according to the instructions of the early warning policy.

[0056] The vertical movement data of the roof also includes data on the upward movement of the roof; and

[0057] The background processing device 103 is also used to determine the multiple monitoring sub-regions corresponding to the top plate upward data as multiple upward monitoring sub-regions, and to determine the upward speed of each upward monitoring sub-region.

[0058] In some embodiments, the vertical movement data of the roof also includes roof upward movement data, where the roof upward movement data refers to the distance the coal mine roof has moved upward. Combining the roof upward movement data with the roof downward movement data can provide comprehensive information on roof deformation. If the roof moves upward, especially rapidly, it may indicate a change in pressure in a certain part of the mine, such as abnormal changes in the support structure or the emergence of unstable geological structures in the area, leading to sudden movement of the top strata. The backend server receives the roof upward movement data, which comes from the displacement acquisition device. The roof upward movement data is parsed to extract the upward movement value and the area number. If the upward movement value is greater than 0, the area is marked as an upward movement monitoring sub-area. Historical roof upward movement data is obtained to calculate the upward movement speed. Historical roof upward movement data refers to the data from the previous moment. The upward movement speed is obtained by dividing the roof upward movement value by the time interval.

[0059] If the upward movement speed exceeds the preset upward movement speed threshold, the corresponding upward movement monitoring sub-region will be identified as a key monitoring sub-region, and the roof pressure data of the key monitoring sub-region will be determined; the roof pressure data of the key monitoring sub-region will be identified as key roof pressure data.

[0060] In some embodiments, the preset upward movement speed threshold refers to a safe critical value for the upward movement speed of the roof. If the upward movement speed is below this threshold, the area is considered to be in a normal state and requires no special processing. If the upward movement speed exceeds this threshold, the backend server can identify which areas have abnormal upward movement of the roof. These areas are marked as key monitoring sub-areas, and the roof pressure data in these areas is analyzed as key roof pressure data. Key roof pressure data refers to pressure data that undergoes rigorous analysis within the key monitoring sub-areas. Because these areas are considered to have a higher risk, the backend server prioritizes the pressure data from these areas for more detailed analysis and processing to help determine whether abnormal pressure changes have occurred in the roof.

[0061] If the key roof pressure data exceeds the preset roof pressure threshold, the corresponding key monitoring sub-area is identified as an abnormal monitoring sub-area, and the abnormality level of the abnormal monitoring sub-area is determined. The abnormality level of the abnormal monitoring sub-area, the key roof pressure data, the roof displacement data, and the corresponding area number are sent to the user terminal of the safety monitor.

[0062] In some embodiments, the backend server compares key roof pressure data with a preset roof pressure threshold. If the key roof pressure data exceeds the threshold, the backend server marks the area as an abnormal monitoring sub-area, indicating a significant safety risk to the roof in that area, requiring priority handling. Based on the degree of roof pressure anomaly, the server determines the anomaly level of the monitoring sub-area from an anomaly level table. The anomaly level table includes pressure value ranges exceeding the preset roof pressure threshold and their corresponding anomaly levels. For example, the anomaly level can be mild, moderate, or severe. Mild anomaly indicates pressure exceeding the threshold by a certain margin, but not to the point of endangering roof stability. Moderate anomaly indicates pressure significantly exceeding the threshold, indicating potential roof risk. Severe anomaly indicates pressure greatly exceeding the threshold, indicating potential roof instability requiring immediate handling. The anomaly level of the monitoring sub-area, key roof pressure data, roof displacement data, and the corresponding area number are packaged and sent to the safety monitor's user terminal.

[0063] The background processing device 103 is also used to identify adjacent roof risk areas according to the area number of the abnormal monitoring sub-area, and adjust the corresponding abnormal level after identifying the adjacent roof risk area to obtain the adjusted abnormal level; and adjust the actual hazard level of the roof corresponding to the adjacent roof risk area to obtain the adjusted actual hazard level of the roof.

[0064] In some embodiments, the backend server can identify adjacent roof risk areas based on the area number of the anomaly monitoring sub-area and preset area map data, thus obtaining adjacent roof risk areas. Adjacent roof risk areas refer to areas adjacent to the anomaly monitoring sub-area whose roof risk may be affected by the anomaly area and therefore needs to be prioritized for assessment. If a roof risk area is adjacent to the anomaly monitoring sub-area, both will influence each other. Therefore, after identifying adjacent roof risk areas, the anomaly level corresponding to the anomaly monitoring sub-area is increased, and the actual roof hazard level corresponding to the adjacent roof risk area is also increased, resulting in an adjusted anomaly level and an adjusted actual roof hazard level. For example, the backend server identifies adjacent areas three and four of anomaly monitoring sub-area two as roof risk areas, further identifies that the actual roof hazard levels of areas three and four are both low risk, and increases the low risk level to a medium risk level, while simultaneously increasing the anomaly level of anomaly monitoring sub-area two by one level. If no adjacent areas of anomaly monitoring sub-area two are identified as not belonging to roof risk areas, the anomaly level of anomaly monitoring sub-area two is not adjusted.

[0065] The background processing device 103 is also used to determine the one-way transportation time of the pre-stored personnel transportation device as the target duration; after the target duration has elapsed, it obtains the corresponding second user terminal location information according to the user terminal identifier; and determines the second user terminal location information as the user terminal location information.

[0066] In some embodiments, personnel transport equipment, such as personnel transport vehicles, inclined ramp hoists, and railcars in mines, is used to transport workers within the mine. Each type of equipment has a fixed one-way transport time. Considering that when the first user terminal location information is obtained, the personnel transport equipment is carrying personnel and in operation, the location information obtained by the backend server at this time indicates that the personnel are located on the ground. However, after a period of time, the personnel have reached their destination underground. The location information is obtained again to determine the accurate location information, and the corresponding early warning strategy is sent to the corresponding user terminal to prevent incorrect early warning strategies from being sent to the user terminal. Therefore, the one-way transport time of the personnel transport equipment is determined as the target duration. After obtaining the first user terminal location information, after the target duration, the user's second user terminal location information is determined again based on the user terminal identifier through the mine positioning system. At this time, the second user terminal location information is determined as the user's final location information and recorded as the user terminal location information. Here, the one-way transport time (target duration) of the personnel transport equipment refers to a pre-stored fixed time, such as the time required for a mine car to travel from the ground to the underground working area, or the one-way transport time of a certain roadway. As an example, assuming the target duration is 5 minutes, after the frontline worker boards the vehicle, the backend server obtains their user terminal identifier and current location information (on the ground). Since the frontline worker is in the process of transportation, their location will not be updated in real time, but will be estimated based on the target duration. After 5 minutes (the target duration), the backend server obtains the latest user terminal location information (underground) through the mine positioning system. At this time, an underground early warning strategy is sent to the user terminal corresponding to the frontline worker.

[0067] The downhole early warning strategy includes voice broadcast content and light signal patterns. The voice broadcast content can be a first, second, or third voice broadcast content, and the light signal pattern can be a first, second, or third color light signal. The actual roof hazard level is one of the following: low risk, medium risk, or high risk; and

[0068] The background processing device 103 is also used to generate a first color light signal and a first voice broadcast if the actual hazard level of the roof is low; generate a second color light signal and a second voice broadcast if the actual hazard level of the roof is medium; and generate a third color light signal and a third voice broadcast if the actual hazard level of the roof is high.

[0069] In some embodiments, as an example, if the generated actual roof hazard level is low risk, a corresponding warning signal is generated, including voice broadcast content and light signal pattern. The generated voice broadcast content and light signal pattern are packaged into an instruction and sent to the corresponding downhole warning device. The downhole warning device corresponding to the voice broadcast content is a voice broadcast system, and the downhole warning device corresponding to the light signal pattern is an indicator light on the wristband terminal worn by frontline workers. The first color light signal is green, and the first voice broadcast content is "The roof in the current area is stable." If the generated actual roof hazard level is medium risk, a second color light signal and a second voice broadcast content are generated and sent to the corresponding downhole warning device. The second color light signal is yellow, and the second voice broadcast content is "Warning! Abnormal roof pressure." If the generated actual roof hazard level is high risk, a third color light signal and a third voice broadcast content are generated and sent to the corresponding downhole warning device. The third color light signal is red, and the third voice broadcast content is "Emergency alarm! Roof instability, please evacuate!"

[0070] Among them, the background processing equipment 103 is also used to start the backup pressure acquisition equipment and backup displacement acquisition equipment of the corresponding monitoring sub-area after the roof risk area or abnormal monitoring sub-area is determined.

[0071] Acquire the backup pressure data corresponding to the backup pressure acquisition device and the backup roof vertical movement data corresponding to the backup displacement acquisition device; compare the backup pressure data with the roof pressure data to obtain the pressure difference; compare the backup roof vertical movement data with the roof vertical movement data to obtain the movement data difference; if the pressure difference or movement data difference exceeds the corresponding difference threshold, generate an equipment verification command; send the verification command to the equipment management terminal.

[0072] In some embodiments, after generating a roof risk zone or an abnormal monitoring sub-region, the backend server sends a start command to the corresponding monitoring sub-region to the backup pressure acquisition device and the backup displacement acquisition device. It then collects backup pressure data and backup roof vertical movement data. The backup pressure acquisition device can be a backup pressure sensor, and the backup displacement acquisition device can be a backup laser displacement sensor. The difference between the backup pressure data and the roof pressure data is calculated, and the difference between the backup roof vertical movement data and the roof vertical movement data is also calculated, yielding the pressure difference and movement data difference. If the pressure difference and movement data difference exceed the corresponding threshold, it indicates that the sensor may have an error or malfunction. In this case, a device verification command is generated and sent to the device management terminal to prompt maintenance personnel to conduct an inspection.

[0073] The coal mine safety monitoring system of the present invention further includes:

[0074] Multiple downhole data relay devices transmit downhole data from each monitoring sub-area to the surface receiving device through multiple downhole data relay devices according to the preset transmission path. The downhole data includes roof vertical movement data, roof pressure data, and area number.

[0075] The ground receiving equipment is used to receive the downhole data and perform cross-verification and fusion processing on downhole data sent by multiple downhole data relay devices to obtain adjusted downhole data; the adjusted downhole data is then sent to the background processing equipment.

[0076] In some embodiments, during the process of determining the vertical movement data of the roof, roof pressure data, and area number of each monitoring sub-area as downhole data and sending it to the backend server, the downhole data needs to be transmitted step by step to the surface receiving device through multiple downhole data relay devices according to a preset transmission path. The surface receiving device receives data transmitted from different downhole data relay devices. Specifically, if the surface receiving device receives data from the same area transmitted by at least three downhole data relay devices, it determines whether the received downhole data is complete and consistent. If the data is inconsistent, the difference between the data is calculated. If the difference is small, the average of all data is calculated as the final data and recorded as adjusted downhole data. If the difference is large, the data at the next time moment is analyzed. The time interval for receiving data is 10 seconds. If there is obvious abnormal data in the data transmitted by at least three downhole data relay devices, the abnormal data is removed, and the remaining data is averaged to obtain the final data, which is recorded as adjusted downhole data. The surface receiving device then sends the adjusted downhole data to the backend server. The downhole data relay equipment can be a LoRa repeater. The communication principle of a LoRa repeater mainly includes two processes: receiving and forwarding. When a LoRa repeater receives a LoRa data packet, it first decrypts it and then extracts the data information. Next, the LoRa repeater repackages the data information into a LoRa data packet and sends it to another LoRa network. The ground receiving equipment can be the microcontroller of a ground base station, used for cross-validation and fusion processing of the downhole data. As an example, the ground receiving equipment receives data (such as data from downhole data relay equipment 1, downhole data relay equipment 2, and downhole data relay equipment 3) for monitoring sub-area five. Figure 2As shown in the figure, the roof pressure data from downhole data relay device 1 is 500 kN / m², the roof pressure data from downhole data relay device 2 is 510 kN / m², and the roof pressure data from downhole data relay device 3 is 800 kN / m². After cross-validation, the roof pressure data of 800 kN / m² from downhole data relay device 3 is removed. The average of 500 kN / m² and 510 kN / m² is calculated to obtain the adjusted roof pressure data of 505 kN / m², which is then sent to the backend server.

[0077] These embodiments improve the effectiveness of safety response and accurately identify roof anomalies. Specifically, the back-end processing equipment sends targeted surface or downhole early warning strategies based on user roles and work status, improving the accuracy and efficiency of early warnings; it acquires roof uplift data to determine abnormal monitoring sub-areas and considers the interaction between abnormal monitoring sub-areas and roof risk zones, dynamically adjusting the roof hazard level to enhance risk prediction capabilities and accurately identify roof anomalies; it compares and verifies data through backup acquisition equipment to ensure the reliability of sensor data and reduce false alarms and missed alarms; it transmits data through data relay equipment and performs cross-validation and fusion at ground receiving equipment to ensure data accuracy and stability; and it reconfirms user terminal location information based on the transportation time of personnel transport equipment, providing accurate personnel tracking and management, thereby improving the effectiveness of safety response.

[0078] The above description is merely a selection of preferred embodiments of the present invention and an explanation of the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention is not limited to specific combinations of the above-described technical features, but also includes other technical solutions formed by arbitrary combinations of the above-described technical features or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept. For example, technical solutions formed by substituting the above-described features with (but not limited to) technical features with similar functions disclosed in this invention.

Claims

1. A coal mine safety monitoring system, characterised in that, The method comprises the following steps: a plurality of displacement acquisition devices are arranged in a plurality of monitoring sub-regions, each monitoring sub-region corresponds to a region number, and each monitoring sub-region corresponds to one displacement acquisition device; each displacement acquisition device is used for sending acquired roof vertical movement data to a background processing device, wherein the roof vertical movement data comprises roof downward movement data and a region number; a plurality of pressure acquisition devices are arranged in a plurality of monitoring sub-regions, each monitoring sub-region corresponds to one pressure acquisition device; each pressure acquisition device is used for sending acquired roof pressure data and a corresponding region number to the background processing device; the background processing device is used for receiving the roof vertical movement data and the roof pressure data of each monitoring sub-region; determining a roof risk area according to the roof downward movement data and the roof pressure data, and determining a corresponding roof instability level and a roof geological danger level; generating a roof actual danger level according to the roof instability level and the roof geological danger level; the background processing device is also used for storing a user portrait data set, wherein the user portrait data set comprises a plurality of user portrait data, each user portrait data comprises a user terminal identifier; acquiring first user terminal position information according to the user terminal identifier and determining the user terminal position information, wherein the user terminal position information is used for indicating that the user is located on the ground or the user is located underground; determining an underground early warning strategy and a ground early warning strategy according to the user terminal position information and the roof actual danger level; the underground early warning strategy and the ground early warning strategy are sent to corresponding user terminals to enable the user to respond.

2. The coal mine safety monitoring system of claim 1, wherein, each user portrait data in the plurality of user portrait data further comprises a user role and a user working state; the user role is a front-line worker, a safety monitor or a site leader; the user working state comprises on-duty or off-duty; the ground early warning strategy comprises a worker ground early warning sub-strategy, a monitor ground early warning sub-strategy and a leader ground early warning sub-strategy.

3. The coal mine safety monitoring system of claim 2, wherein, the background processing device is also used for grouping the user portrait data set according to the user working state to obtain a working user portrait data group; grouping the working user portrait data group according to the user role to obtain a worker portrait data subgroup, a monitor portrait data subgroup and a leader portrait data subgroup; the worker ground early warning sub-strategy is sent to the user terminals corresponding to the worker portrait data subgroup; the monitor ground early warning sub-strategy is sent to the user terminals corresponding to the monitor portrait data subgroup; the leader ground early warning sub-strategy is sent to the user terminals corresponding to the leader portrait data subgroup.

4. The coal mine safety monitoring system of claim 3, wherein, the roof vertical movement data further comprises roof upward movement data; and the background processing device is also used for determining a plurality of upward movement monitoring sub-regions corresponding to the roof upward movement data, and determining the upward movement speed of each upward movement monitoring sub-region; if the upward movement speed is greater than a preset upward movement speed threshold, the corresponding upward movement monitoring sub-region is determined as a key monitoring sub-region, and the roof pressure data of the key monitoring sub-region is determined; the roof pressure data of the key monitoring sub-region is determined as key roof pressure data. If the key roof pressure data is greater than a preset roof pressure threshold, the corresponding key monitoring sub-region is determined as an abnormal monitoring sub-region, and an abnormal level of the abnormal monitoring sub-region is determined; The abnormal level of the abnormal monitoring sub-region, the key roof pressure data, the roof upward movement data, and the corresponding region number are sent to a user terminal corresponding to a safety monitor.

5. The coal mine safety monitoring system of claim 4, wherein, The background processing device is further configured to identify a neighboring roof risk area according to the region number of the abnormal monitoring sub-region, and adjust a corresponding abnormal level after identifying the neighboring roof risk area to obtain an adjusted abnormal level; The actual roof danger level corresponding to the neighboring roof risk area is adjusted to obtain an adjusted actual roof danger level.

6. The coal mine safety monitoring system of claim 5, wherein, The background processing device is further configured to determine a one-way transportation time of the personnel transportation device as a target time length, and obtain second user terminal position information corresponding to the user terminal identifier after the target time length; The second user terminal position information is determined as the user terminal position information.

7. The coal mine safety monitoring system of claim 6, wherein, The underground early warning strategy includes voice broadcast content and light signal mode, the voice broadcast content is first, second or third voice broadcast content, the light signal mode is first, second or third color light signal, the actual roof danger level is one of low risk, medium risk and high risk, and If the actual roof danger level is low risk, the background processing device generates first color light signal and first voice broadcast content; If the actual roof danger level is medium risk, the background processing device generates second color light signal and second voice broadcast content; If the actual roof danger level is high risk, the background processing device generates third color light signal and third voice broadcast content.

8. The coal mine safety monitoring system of claim 7, wherein, The background processing device is further configured to start a backup pressure acquisition device and a backup displacement acquisition device of a corresponding monitoring sub-region after determining a roof risk area or an abnormal monitoring sub-region; The backup pressure data corresponding to the backup pressure acquisition device and the backup roof vertical movement data corresponding to the backup displacement acquisition device are obtained, the backup pressure data is compared with the roof pressure data to obtain a pressure difference, and the backup roof vertical movement data is compared with the roof vertical movement data to obtain a movement data difference; If the pressure difference or the movement data difference exceeds a corresponding difference threshold, a device verification instruction is generated, and the verification instruction is sent to a device management terminal.

9. The coal mine safety monitoring system of claim 8, wherein, Further comprising: A plurality of underground data relay devices, according to a preset transmission path, underground data of each monitoring sub-region is sent to a ground receiving device through the plurality of underground data relay devices, wherein the underground data includes roof vertical movement data, roof pressure data and region number; The ground receiving device is configured to receive the underground data, cross-verify and fuse the underground data sent by the plurality of underground data relay devices to obtain adjusted underground data, and send the adjusted underground data to the background processing device.

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