Battery management system and battery management method

Abstract

A battery management system according to the present disclosure includes: a memory; and a controller configured to perform a parameter acquisition process to determine respective latest values of the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter relating to a current state of the battery. The controller is further configured to call a parameter mapping from the memory, wherein the parameter mapping records the corresponding relation of the third parameter relative to the first parameter and the second parameter; and performing a map update process to update the parameter map based on the respective latest values of the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a battery management system and a battery management method.

[0002] This application is based on and claims the benefit of priority from Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0154782 filed on November 9, 2023, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, and Korean Patent Application No. 10-2024-0122639 filed on September 9, 2024, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Background Art

[0003] As the demand for portable electronic products such as laptop computers, camcorders, and portable phones has rapidly increased, and as the development of electric vehicles, energy storage batteries, robots, and satellites has recently begun in earnest, research on repeatedly chargeable / dischargeable high-performance batteries is actively underway.

[0004] Currently commercialized batteries include nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, nickel-zinc batteries, and lithium batteries. Among these, lithium batteries have attracted much attention due to their advantages over nickel-based batteries, including almost no memory effect, free charge and discharge, very low self-discharge rate, and high energy density.

[0005] At the same time, battery management systems (BMS) are required to manage batteries and ensure efficient and stable use. These BMSs monitor and maintain batteries using parameters that directly or indirectly indicate the battery's status. These parameters include voltage, current, and temperature. Extensive research is underway to address the various issues associated with efficiently managing these parameters. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Technical issues

[0007] The present disclosure provides a battery management system and a battery management method that update a parameter map used to determine a specific parameter based on a value of the specific parameter determined by parameter determination logic.

[0008] The present disclosure can be understood through the following description and will become more apparent through the embodiments of the present disclosure. It will also be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented by the features set forth in the claims and their combinations.

[0009] Technical Solution

[0010] A battery management system according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes: a memory; and a controller configured to execute a parameter acquisition process to determine the latest values ​​of a first parameter, a second parameter, and a third parameter associated with a current state of the battery. The controller is configured to retrieve, from the memory, a parameter map that records a corresponding relationship between the third parameter and the first and second parameters. The controller is configured to execute a map update process to update the parameter map based on the latest values ​​of the first, second, and third parameters.

[0011] The controller may be configured to determine one of the plurality of storage locations of the parameter map as the target storage location based on the respective latest values ​​of the first parameter and the second parameter. The controller may be configured to update the target mapping value of the third parameter recorded at the target storage location based on the latest value of the third parameter.

[0012] The controller may be configured to determine the target correction value based on a difference between the latest value of the third parameter and the target mapping value.The controller may be configured to update the target mapping value by summing the target correction value with the target mapping value.

[0013] The controller may be configured to determine the target correction value by multiplying the reference coefficient and the target correction coefficient by a difference between the latest value of the third parameter and the target mapped value.

[0014] The reference coefficient and the target correction coefficient may each be a predetermined positive number.

[0015] The controller may be configured to determine at least one storage location other than the target storage location among the plurality of storage locations as an extended storage location. The controller may be configured to update the extended mapping value of the third parameter recorded at the extended storage location based on the latest value of the third parameter and the updated target mapping value.

[0016] The controller may be configured to determine the extended correction value based on a difference between a latest value of the third parameter and the updated target mapped value.The controller may be configured to update the extended mapped value by summing the extended correction value with the extended mapped value.

[0017] The controller may be configured to determine the extended correction value by multiplying the reference coefficient and the extended correction coefficient by a difference between the latest value of the third parameter and the updated target mapped value.

[0018] The reference coefficient may be a predetermined positive value.The controller may be configured to determine the extended correction coefficient based on the latest value of the first parameter, an index value of the first parameter associated with the extended mapping value, the latest value of the second parameter, and an index value of the second parameter associated with the extended mapping value.

[0019] The first parameter may be a state of charge (SOC), the second parameter may be a temperature, and the third parameter may be an internal resistance.

[0020] A battery pack according to another aspect of the present disclosure includes the battery management system.

[0021] An electric vehicle according to still another aspect of the present disclosure includes the battery pack.

[0022] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a battery management method includes: executing a parameter acquisition process to determine the corresponding latest values ​​of a first parameter, a second parameter, and a third parameter associated with the current state of the battery; calling a parameter mapping from a memory that records the correspondence between the third parameter and the first parameter and the second parameter; and executing a mapping update process to update the parameter mapping based on the corresponding latest values ​​of the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter.

[0023] Updating the parameter map may include: determining one of multiple storage locations in the parameter map as a target storage location based on the corresponding latest values ​​of the first parameter and the second parameter; and updating the target map value of the third parameter recorded at the target storage location based on the latest value of the third parameter.

[0024] Updating the parameter mapping may include: determining at least one storage location other than the target storage location among multiple storage locations as an extended storage location; and updating the extended mapping value of the third parameter recorded at the extended storage location based on the latest value of the third parameter and the updated target mapping value.

[0025] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores a program that, when executed, causes a system to perform a method, the method comprising: storing a parameter map in a memory that records a correspondence between a third parameter and a first parameter and a second parameter; performing a parameter acquisition process to determine corresponding latest values ​​of the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter associated with a current state of the battery; calling the parameter map from the memory; and updating the parameter map based on the corresponding latest values ​​of the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter.

[0026] When updating the parameter mapping, one of the multiple storage locations in the parameter mapping can be determined as the target storage location based on the corresponding latest values ​​of the first parameter and the second parameter, and the target mapping value of the third parameter recorded at the target storage location can be updated based on the latest value of the third parameter.

[0027] When updating the parameter map, a target correction value may be determined based on a difference between the latest value of the third parameter and the target map value, and the target map value may be updated by summing the target correction value and the target map value.

[0028] Beneficial effects

[0029] According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, a parameter map used to determine a specific parameter may be updated based on a value of the specific parameter determined by parameter determination logic.

[0030] In addition, according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, when performing an update process of a parameter mapping related to a specific parameter, a specific mapping value of the parameter mapping mapped to the latest value of other parameters and at least one other mapping value recorded in the parameter mapping can be updated extensively.

[0031] The effects of the present disclosure are not limited to the above-mentioned effects, and other effects not mentioned above will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description of the claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] The following drawings attached hereto illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the detailed description to be described later, are used to further understand the technical concept of the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure should not be understood as being limited to the contents illustrated in the drawings.

[0033] Figure 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example configuration of an electric vehicle according to the present disclosure.

[0034] Figure 2 Illustrate an example of parameter mapping in table format.

[0035] Figure 3 is referred to to explain the application of Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the mapping update process of the parameter mapping illustrated in .

[0036] Figure 4 is a three-dimensional (3D) graph illustrated to compare two parameter maps before and after updating.

[0037] Figure 5 is a 3D graph showing the difference between the mapped values ​​before and after the update.

[0038] Figure 6 and Figure 7 is referred to explain Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the update process of each mapping value of the parameter mapping illustrated in FIG.

[0039] Figure 8 is an example of a three-dimensional graph representing an expansion coefficient map used to update each map value.

[0040] Figure 9 is a flowchart schematically illustrating a battery management method according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0041] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram that can be Figure 9 Flowchart of the sub-process executed in step S930.

[0042] In some figures, corresponding components are given the same reference numerals. Those skilled in the art will understand that the figures illustrate elements simply and clearly and are not necessarily drawn to scale. For example, to aid understanding of the various embodiments, the dimensions of some elements illustrated in the figures may be exaggerated relative to other elements. In addition, elements that are useful or necessary in commercially feasible embodiments but are known in the art may generally not be depicted in order to avoid obstructing understanding of the spirit of the various embodiments of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Before this, the terms and words used in the specification and claims should not be understood as being limited to their ordinary or dictionary meanings, but should be interpreted with meanings and concepts consistent with the technical ideas of the present disclosure based on the principle that the inventor can appropriately define the concepts of the terms in order to best explain his or her invention.

[0044] Therefore, since the embodiments described in this specification and the configurations illustrated in the accompanying drawings are merely exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and do not represent all technical ideas of the present disclosure, it should be understood that at the time of submission, there may be various equivalents and modifications that can be used as substitutes for the embodiments.

[0045] Terms including ordinal numbers such as “first”, “second” are used to distinguish one component from another component among various components, and are not intended to limit or define the components by such terms.

[0046] Throughout the specification, when a part is described as "including" a certain component, it means that, unless there is a specific contrary statement, it does not exclude other components, but indicates that other components may also be included. In addition, terms such as "controller" described in the specification refer to a unit that processes at least one function or operation, and can be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both.

[0047] In addition, throughout the specification, when a component is described as being “connected” to another component, this includes not only a case where the components are “directly connected” but also a case where the components are “indirectly connected” with another element interposed therebetween.

[0048] A battery management system that manages a battery may store a parameter map that represents the correlation between multiple parameters that directly or indirectly indicate the state of the battery. By using the parameter map, various advantages may be achieved, such as reducing the computational load required to directly calculate the value of a specific parameter.

[0049] As batteries degrade over time, their characteristics gradually change. Therefore, correlations between parameters when the battery is in a new condition may no longer be useful once the battery deviates from that condition. Therefore, a process is needed to appropriately calibrate and update the parameter mapping based on battery degradation.

[0050] At the same time, both the parameter map and separate parameter determination logic can be used simultaneously to determine the value of a specific parameter. However, conventionally, even when the value of a specific parameter is determined (or learned) by the parameter determination logic, there is no method for fully reflecting the specific parameter value in the other value(s) of the parameter map. For example, even when the value of a specific parameter is determined by separate parameter determination logic at a state of charge (SOC) of 50% and a temperature of 45°C, the value of the specific parameter recorded in the storage location within the parameter map that is mapped to the same state (SOC) of 50% and temperature of 45°C remains unchanged. Furthermore, the values ​​recorded in other storage locations of the parameter map also remain unchanged.

[0051] Furthermore, when an event occurs such as the battery management system being powered off, there is a problem in that the value of a specific parameter determined by the parameter determination logic is discarded.

[0052] In view of the above problems, the present disclosure provides a battery management system and method capable of updating a parameter map for determining a specific parameter based on a value of the specific parameter determined (or learned) by a parameter determination logic.

[0053] In addition, the present disclosure provides a battery management system and method, which is capable of not only updating the specific mapping value in the parameter map that is mapped to the latest value of other parameters, but also extensively updating at least one other mapping value recorded in the parameter map when executing a process for updating a parameter map related to a specific parameter.

[0054] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example configuration of an electric vehicle employing a battery management system according to the present invention.

[0055] refer to Figure 1 The electric vehicle 1 includes a vehicle controller 2 (e.g., an electronic control unit (ECU)), a battery pack 10, a relay 20, an inverter 30, and a motor 40. The charge / discharge terminals (P+, P-) of the battery pack 10 can be electrically connected to a charger 3 via, for example, a charging cable. The charger 3 can be included in the electric vehicle 1 or provided at a charging station.

[0056] The vehicle controller 2 is configured to transmit a key-on signal to the battery management system 100 installed in the battery pack 10 in response to a user switching the start button (not shown) of the electric vehicle 1 to the on position. The battery pack 10 may also include a battery cell group 11. The vehicle controller 2 is also configured to transmit a key-off signal to the battery management system 100 in response to a user switching the start button to the off position. The charger 3 can communicate with the vehicle controller 2 to provide constant-current or constant-voltage charging power through the charge / discharge terminals (P+, P-) of the battery pack 10.

[0057] The battery group 11 includes at least one battery B. The battery B may be a secondary battery, and its type is not particularly limited as long as it can be repeatedly charged and discharged.

[0058] When the battery group 11 includes a plurality of batteries B, the batteries B may be connected to each other in series, in parallel, or in a combination of series and parallel.

[0059] The relay 20 is electrically connected in series with the battery group 11 through the power path connecting the battery group 11 and the inverter 30. Figure 1 In the example, the relay 20 is connected between the positive terminal and the charge / discharge terminal (P+) of the battery pack 11. The relay 20 performs on / off control in response to a switching signal from the battery management system 100. Depending on the embodiment, the relay 20 may be a mechanical contactor that switches on and off using the magnetic force of a coil, or a semiconductor switch such as a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET).

[0060] The inverter 30 is provided to convert direct current (DC) from the battery group 11 into alternating current (AC) in response to a command from the battery management system 100 or the vehicle controller 2 .

[0061] The motor 40 is driven using the alternating current from the inverter 30. According to an embodiment, a three-phase AC motor may be used as the motor 40.

[0062] The battery management system 100 includes a voltage detector 111 , a current detector 113 , a temperature detector 115 , and a controller 130 . The battery management system 100 may further include a communication circuit 150 .

[0063] The voltage detector 111 is connected to the positive and negative terminals of the battery B included in the battery group 11 to detect a terminal voltage across the battery B, and is configured to output a voltage signal SV representing the detected terminal voltage to the controller 130 .

[0064] The current detector 113 is connected in series with the battery group 11 via a current path between the battery group 11 and the inverter 30. The current detector 113 is configured to detect a charge / discharge current flowing through the battery group 11 and output a current signal SI representing the detected charge / discharge current to the controller 130. Depending on the embodiment, the current detector 113 may be implemented as one of current detection elements such as a shunt resistor, a Hall effect element, or a combination thereof.

[0065] Temperature detector 115 is configured to measure the temperature of battery B and output a temperature signal ST indicating the measured temperature to controller 130. According to an embodiment, temperature detector 115 may be implemented as one or a combination of temperature measuring elements such as a thermocouple, a thermistor, and a bimetallic strip.

[0066] The voltage detector 111 , the current detector 113 , and the temperature detector 115 may be collectively referred to as “sensing circuitry.”

[0067] Communication circuit 150 is configured to support wired or wireless communication between controller 130 and vehicle controller 2. Depending on the embodiment, wired communication may be Controller Area Network (CAN) communication, and wireless communication may be Zigbee or Bluetooth communication. The type of communication protocol is not particularly limited, as long as it supports wired or wireless communication between controller 130 and vehicle controller 2. Communication circuit 150 may include an output device (e.g., a display or speaker) that provides information received from controller 130 and / or vehicle controller 2 in a user-readable format.

[0068] In the battery management system 100, the controller 130 is operably coupled to the relay 20, the voltage detector 111, the current detector 113, the temperature detector 115, and the communication circuit 150. The description that "two components are operably coupled" means that the two components are directly or indirectly connected so that signals can be sent and received unidirectionally or bidirectionally therebetween.

[0069] The controller 130 may collect the voltage signal SV from the voltage detector 111, the current signal SI from the current detector 113, and / or the temperature signal ST from the temperature detector 115. The controller 130 may convert and record each analog signal collected from the detectors 111, 113, and 115 into a digital value using, for example, an internal analog-to-digital converter (ADC).

[0070] The controller 130 may be referred to as a "control circuit" or a "battery controller" and may be implemented in hardware using an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signal processor (DSP), a digital signal processing device (DSPD), a programmable logic device (PLD), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a microprocessor, or other function-executing electrical unit.

[0071] The memory 140 may include at least one type of storage medium selected from a flash memory, a hard disk, a solid state drive (SSD), a silicon disk drive (SDD), a micro multimedia card, a random access memory (RAM), a static random access memory (SRAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), and a programmable read-only memory (PROM). The memory 140 may store data and programs required for computing operations performed by the controller 130. The memory 140 may store data representing the results of computing operations performed by the controller 130. Although Figure 1 The memory 140 is illustrated in FIG. 1 as being physically separate from the controller 130 , but it may also be integrated into the controller 130 .

[0072] The controller 130 may turn on the relay 20 in response to a key-on signal. The controller 130 may turn off the relay 20 in response to a key-off signal. The key-off signal indicates a transition from the cycling mode to the sleep mode. Alternatively, the vehicle controller 2 may be responsible for on / off control of the relay 20 rather than the controller 130.

[0073] When the relay 20 is turned on, the battery B of the battery group 11 enters a circulation mode. The circulation mode refers to an operating state in which the battery group 11 can be charged and discharged.

[0074] While the relay 20 is turned off, the battery B of the battery group 11 enters the sleep mode. The sleep mode refers to an operating state in which charging and discharging of the battery group 11 are blocked and thus charging and discharging of the batteries of the battery group cannot be performed.

[0075] While the battery group 11 is in the cycling mode, the controller 130 may determine (estimate) the state of charge (SOC) of the battery B based on each of the voltage, current, and temperature measurements of the battery B derived from the voltage signal SV, the current signal SI, and the temperature signal ST, respectively. The SOC represents the ratio of the remaining capacity of the battery B to the fully charged capacity (maximum capacity).

[0076] Figure 2 An example of parameter mapping is shown in table format. Figure 3 is referred to to explain the application of Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the mapping update process of the parameter mapping shown in FIG, Figure 4 is a 3D plot used to compare two parameter maps before and after the updating process, and Figure 5 is a 3D graph representing the difference between the mapped values ​​before and after the updating process.

[0077] Figure 2 The parameter map 200 illustrated in FIG. 2 records a corresponding relationship between the third parameter of the battery B and the first and second parameters of the battery B. According to an embodiment, the parameter map 200 may be pre-stored in the memory 140 .

[0078] At least one of the first parameter and the second parameter may be predetermined as a universal parameter that can be commonly used to indicate the status of all types of batteries without being directly related to the inherent characteristics of battery B. For example, measurable parameters such as temperature, voltage, and current fall under the category of universal parameters. In another example, parameters such as state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) determined by applying a mathematical operation to at least one measurable parameter also fall under the category of universal parameters.

[0079] Unlike the first and second parameters, the third parameter may be predetermined from characteristic parameters representing inherent characteristics of battery B. For example, internal resistance representing electrochemical characteristics of battery B falls under the category of characteristic parameters.

[0080] The first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter indicate the state of battery B and may be directly or indirectly related to each other. As an example, one of the SOC, temperature, and internal resistance may be set as the first parameter, another as the second parameter, and the remaining one as the third parameter. Even when the SOC remains constant, within a certain temperature range, the internal resistance of battery B tends to increase as the temperature decreases. In addition, even when the temperature remains constant, within a predetermined SOC range, the internal resistance of battery B tends to increase as the SOC increases. In the following, for ease of explanation, it is assumed that the first parameter is the SOC, the second parameter is the temperature, and the third parameter is the internal resistance.

[0081] The controller 130 may determine a target mapping value of the third parameter according to the parameter map 200 by using the latest values ​​of the first parameter and the second parameter as indices.

[0082] The parameter map 200 may have multiple storage locations, and each storage location may separately record multiple mapping values. The target mapping value of the third parameter may be one of the values ​​recorded in the parameter map 200, which is recorded in the storage location determined by two index values ​​corresponding to the latest values ​​of the first parameter and the second parameter, respectively.

[0083] refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3, multiple index values ​​can be assigned to each of the first parameter and the second parameter in the parameter map 200. For example, assuming that M and N are natural numbers greater than 2, which may be equal to or different from each other, the entire numerical range of the first parameter can be divided by the first to Mth index values ​​(S#1 to S#M), and the entire numerical range of the second parameter can be divided by the first to Nth index values ​​(T#1 to T#N). In this case, the parameter map 200 has the first to MNth storage locations, and the first to MNth mapping values ​​(R 1,1 to R M,N ) are recorded in the corresponding storage location.

[0084] Therefore, when given the latest value of each of the first and second parameters (P 1_i , P 2_j ), the controller 130 may store the given value (P 1_i , P 2_j ) identifies (determines) a designated storage location as a target storage location. Subsequently, the controller 130 may read out a mapping value, which is the value of the third parameter recorded in the target storage location. The mapping value read from the target storage location may be referred to as a "target mapping value."

[0085] For example, assuming that i is a natural number less than or equal to M, and j is a natural number less than or equal to N, the controller 130 can identify the latest value (P 1_i ) has the smallest difference between the i-th index value (S#i), and identifies the latest value (P) of the second parameter from the first to N-th index values ​​(T#1 to T#N) of the second parameter. 2_j ) has the j-th index value (T#j) with the smallest difference. For reference, the index number associated with the i-th index value (S#i) is i, and the index number associated with the j-th index value (T#j) is j.

[0086] Identifying the i-th index value (S#i) of the first parameter and the j-th index value (T#j) of the second parameter means identifying the ij-th storage location among the first to MN-th storage locations. The ij-th storage location may be referred to as a "target storage location." Therefore, the controller 130 may identify the ij-th mapping value (R i,j ) is determined as the target mapping value. For reference, if M is 15, N is 5, i is 2, and j is 3, the product of M and N (ie, MN) is 75, and the product of i and j (ie, ij) is 6.

[0087] The controller 130 may use the target mapping value (Ri,j ) as the input variable of the mapping update logic. The latest value of the third parameter (P 3_i,j ) can be used as another input variable for the mapping update logic.

[0088] The latest values ​​of the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter (P 1_i , P 2_j , P 3_i,j ) can be the most recently measured or calculated value. For example, the SOC, as a first parameter, can be calculated by the controller 130 in real time or quasi-real time using, for example, ampere counting, an extended Kalman filter, or open-circuit voltage (OCV)-SOC relationship data. In another example, the temperature, as a second parameter, can be measured in real time or quasi-real time by a sensor (temperature detector 115) at a predetermined sampling rate. In addition to temperature, voltage and current can also be measured in real time or quasi-real time by sensors (voltage detector 111 and current detector 113) at a predetermined sampling rate. As another example, the internal resistance, as a third parameter, can be calculated by the controller 130 in real time or quasi-real time based on the voltage and current measurements using Ohm's law. Of course, the method for determining the most recent values ​​of the first to third parameters is not limited to the above examples and can be replaced by various other methods.

[0089] For the third parameter, the method using the parameter map 200 has the advantage of lower computational load compared to the method using separate estimation logic.

[0090] While operating in the normal mode, the controller 130 may determine the mapping value read from the parameter map 200 as the third parameter value based on the latest values ​​of the first parameter and the second parameter. Conversely, when a predetermined mapping update event occurs, the controller 130 may execute separately prepared parameter estimation logic (e.g., a formula based on Ohm's law) instead of using the parameter map 200 to determine the latest value of the third parameter (P 3_i,j For example, when the SOH of battery B reaches predetermined reference values ​​(eg, 98%, 96%, and 94%), a predetermined mapping update event may occur.

[0091] When executing the mapping update logic, the controller 130 may i,j ) and the latest value of the third parameter (P 3_i,j ) to update the first to MNth mapping values ​​recorded in the parameter map 200 (R 1,1 to R M,N ). Here, the latest value (P 3_i,j ) is a value obtained by estimation logic (e.g., a formula based on Ohm’s law), and the target mapping value (R i,j ) is the value specified in parameter map 200.

[0092] exist Figure 3 In the symbol R 1,1 'To R M,N ' represents R as a result of executing the mapping update logic 1,1 to R M,N For example, through the processing of the above mapping update logic, the pre-update value in the parameter map 200 (for example, R i,j ) can be updated with the value (R i,j ')replace.

[0093] exist Figure 4 , reference numeral 410 denotes a three-dimensional graph of the relationship between the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter recorded in the parameter map 200 before the update process. Reference numeral 420 denotes a three-dimensional graph of the relationship between the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter recorded in the parameter map 200 after the update process.

[0094] exist Figure 5 , reference numeral 500 denotes a mapping value (R 1,1 to R M,N ) and the mapping values ​​(R 1,1 'To R M,N '). These individual deviations can be considered to be the result of characteristic changes due to degradation of battery B.

[0095] As is well known, battery B gradually degrades over its lifecycle, and the characteristics of battery B change due to degradation. In other words, the relationship between the first parameter to the third parameter may also gradually change due to degradation. Therefore, if the update process of parameter map 200 is not performed, the value of the third parameter determined according to parameter map 200 may significantly deviate from the actual value of the third parameter that reflects the changed characteristics of battery B. The inventors of the present disclosure have recognized the following advantageous effect, namely, when a predetermined map update event occurs, such as when the SOH of battery B reaches a specific value, parameter map 200 can be updated based on the latest value of the third parameter determined using separate estimation logic rather than parameter map 200, thereby faithfully reflecting the characteristic changes caused by the degradation of battery B in parameter map 200.

[0096] Figure 6 and Figure 7 is referred to explain Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the update process of each mapping value of the parameter map represented in , and Figure 8 is a view illustrating an example of a three-dimensional graph of an extension coefficient map used in updating of respective map values.

[0097] Figure 6 FIG200 shows the update process of the target map value of the parameter map 200. Figure 6 , the controller 130 determines the target deviation (ΔR i,j ), which is the latest value of the third parameter (P 3_i,j ) and the target mapping value (R i,j ) between the two. The controller 130 can calculate the target deviation (ΔR i,j ) multiplied by the reference factor (W R ) and the target correction factor (W i,j ) to determine the target correction value (C i,j Reference coefficient (W R ) can be a predetermined positive value. i,j ) may be a predetermined value or a value determined by the controller 130. Then, the controller 130 may map the target value (R i,j ) and target correction value (C i,j ) are summed to determine the updated target mapping value (R i,j '). Through this process, the value recorded at the ijth storage location in the parameter map 200 can be obtained from R i,j Updated to R i,j '.

[0098] Figure 7 The figure shows the update process of the extended mapping value. Assuming that a is a natural number less than or equal to M, b is a natural number less than or equal to N, and a is different from i or b is different from j, the controller 130 of the battery management system 100 may determine the storage location ab different from the storage location ij as the extended storage location. The controller 130 may update the mapping value (R a,b ) is determined to be an extended mapping value to undergo additional updates.

[0099] refer to Figure 7 , the controller 130 of the battery management system 100 determines the target deviation (ΔR i,j '), which is the latest value of the third parameter (P 3_i,j ) and the updated target mapping value (R i,j '). The controller 130 can calculate the target deviation (ΔR i,j ') multiplied by the reference coefficient (W R ) and the extended correction factor (W a,b ) to determine the extended correction value (C a,b ). Extended correction factor (W a,b ) will be determined later. Figure 8 The controller 130 can then calculate the extended mapping value (R a,b ) and the extended correction value (Ca,b ) are summed to determine the updated extended map value (R a,b '). As a result, the mapping value recorded at the abth storage location in the parameter map 200 can be obtained from R a,b Updated to R a,b '.

[0100] Figure 8 The figure shows an example of a three-dimensional graph of a correction coefficient map 800 output by simulation. Figure 8 In the example, the two axes (for example, X and Y) of the first and second parameters can be Figure 4 and Figure 5 The same as in , and the remaining axis (e.g., Z axis) represents the correction coefficient. For example, according to an embodiment, the mapped axis consists of "SOC" as the first parameter and "temperature" as the second parameter, and the correction coefficient is determined according to the multivariate normal distribution. For example, when the preset mean / variance value of SOC and the mean / variance value of temperature are input, the correction coefficient can be obtained based on the multivariate normal distribution. Figure 8 In the case of , it is assumed that arbitrary mean / variance values ​​of SOC and temperature are applied. Figure 8 As shown in FIG, a three-dimensional graph is prepared based on a temperature range of -10°C to 45°C and an SOC range of 0 to 100%, wherein it is assumed that the correction coefficient is also extracted based on these standards. Meanwhile, the method of obtaining the correction coefficient is not limited thereto, and, for example, other types of distributions may also be used for determination.

[0101] According to an embodiment, the controller 130 of the battery management system 100 may generate the correction coefficient map 800 using the following formula 1. Formula 1 may be a function related to the probability density of a bivariate normal distribution. Here, the bivariate may be a first parameter and a second parameter.

[0102] <Formula 1>

[0103]

[0104] In Formula 1, X={x1:x2}, where x1 is the index value of the first parameter associated with the mapped value to be updated, and x2 is the index value of the second parameter associated with the mapped value to be updated, and u1 is P 1_i , u2 is P 2_j , and f(X) is the correction coefficient.

[0105] In addition, σ1 may be a predetermined standard deviation of the first parameter, and σ2 may be a predetermined standard deviation of the second parameter. For example, considering that the variability of the internal resistance due to the change of SOC is not large, while the variability of the internal resistance due to the change of temperature is relatively large, σ1 may be set to be greater than σ2.

[0106] For the update of the parameter map 200, when the two latest values ​​of the first parameter and the second parameter (P 1_i , P 2_j ) are input as x1 and x2 in Formula 1, respectively, and are multiplied by the target deviation (ΔR i,j ) target correction coefficient (W i,j ) can be the result value (f(X)).

[0107] The controller 130 of the battery management system 100 may be configured to calculate the value of the first parameter based on the latest value of the first parameter (P 1_i ), the index value of the first parameter associated with the extended mapping value (P 1_a ), the latest value of the second parameter (P 2_j ), and the index value of the second parameter associated with the extended mapping value (P 2_b ) to determine the expansion correction factor (W a,b ).

[0108] Extended correction factor (W a,b ) can be when combined with the two latest values ​​of the first and second parameters (P 1_i , P 2_j ) of at least one of the two values ​​of the other pair (P 1_a , P 2_b ) are input as the result value (f(X)) in Formula 1 as x1 and x2 respectively.

[0109] For example, suppose P 3_i,j The value is 0.02[], R i,j 0.0166 [maximum, W R is 0.2, and W i,j is 1. Then, .

[0110] As another example, suppose R i,j ' is 0.0173 [most, R a,b 0.0167 [maximum, W R is 0.2, and W a,b is 0.1353. Then, .

[0111] According to an embodiment, the controller 130 of the battery management system 100 may determine each of all storage locations except the target storage location among the first to MN-th storage locations as an extended storage location. Alternatively, among the first to MN-th storage locations, the controller 130 may determine each storage location whose distance from the target storage location is less than or equal to a predetermined threshold distance as an extended storage location. The formula for calculating the distance between two points can be used to calculate the distance between any two storage locations. For example, the distance between (S#1, T#3) and (S#2, T#1) = {(index number of S#1 - index number of S#2)} 2 + (index number of T#3 - index number of T#1) 2} 1 / 2 ={(1-2) 2 + (3-1) 2} 1 / 2 =5 1 / 2 .

[0112] When the mapping value recorded at the extended storage location is updated, the extended correction coefficient (W a,b ) may have a certain negative correlation with the difference in distance between the target storage location and the extended storage location. For example, when updating the extended mapping value recorded at any extended storage location, the controller 130 may determine the extended correction coefficient (W) based on the difference in distance between the target storage location and the extended storage location. a,b In this case, unlike the above case, the extended correction coefficient (W a,b ) may be a value modified by the controller 130.

[0113] Figure 9 is a flowchart schematically illustrating a battery management method according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0114] refer to Figure 9 In step S910, the controller 130 of the battery management system 100 performs a parameter acquisition process to determine the latest values ​​(P ) of a first parameter (e.g., SOC), a second parameter (e.g., temperature), and a third parameter (e.g., internal resistance) each of which is related to the current state of the battery B. 1_i , P 2_j , P 3_i，j For example, the latest value of the first parameter (P 1_i ), and the latest value (P of each of the second parameter and the third parameter) can be obtained respectively by applying a predetermined mathematical function to the time series of measurements of the first parameter and / or other parameters within a certain period of time 2_j , P 3_i,j ).

[0115] In step S920, the controller 130 of the battery management system 100 calls (reads) the parameter map 200 from the memory 140, which records the corresponding relationship between the third parameter and the first parameter and the second parameter. For example, the controller 130 can read from the memory 140 Figure 2 Parameter map 200 is shown in FIG.

[0116] In step S930, the controller 130 performs a mapping update process according to the above-mentioned update logic, and based on the respective latest values ​​(P 1_i , P 2_j ,P 3_i,j ) to update the parameter map 200.

[0117] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram that can be Figure 9 Flowchart of the sub-process executed in step S930.

[0118] refer to Figure 10 In step S1010, the controller 130 of the battery management system 100 calculates the value of the first parameter and the second parameter based on the corresponding latest value (P 1_i , P 2_j ), one of the plurality of storage locations in the parameter map 200 is determined as the target storage location.

[0119] In step S1020, the controller 130 updates the target mapping value (R ) of the third parameter recorded at the target storage location based on the latest value of the third parameter obtained in the previous step. i,j ).

[0120] In step S1030, the controller 130 determines at least one storage location other than the target storage location among the plurality of storage locations as an extended storage location. Figure 7 , the controller 130 of the battery management system 100 may determine the ab-th storage location different from the ij-th storage location as the extended storage location.

[0121] In step S1040, the controller 130 calculates the target mapping value (R) based on the latest value of the third parameter and the target mapping value (R) updated in step S1020. i,j ') to update the extended mapping value (R a,b For example, refer to Figure 7 , the controller 130 can expand the mapping value (R a,b ) and extended correction value (C a,b ) are summed to determine the updated extended map value (Ra,b '). As a result, the mapping value recorded at the ab-th storage location in the parameter map 200 can be obtained from R a,b Updated to R a,b '.

[0122] Through the above process, the parameter mapping used to determine the specific parameter can be updated based on the value of the specific parameter determined by the parameter determination logic. In addition, when the update process is performed on the parameter mapping related to the specific parameter, not only the specific mapping value of the parameter mapping mapped to the latest value of other parameters can be updated, but also at least one other mapping value recorded in the parameter mapping can be expanded and updated.

[0123] The above-mentioned embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to being implemented only by devices and methods, but can also be implemented by programs that implement functions corresponding to the configurations of the embodiments of the present disclosure or by recording media on which such programs are recorded. This can be easily implemented by a person of ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure belongs based on the description of the above-mentioned embodiments.

[0124] In this specification, directional terms such as up, down, left, right, front and back are used, but it is obvious to a person skilled in the art that these terms are merely for convenience of description and may vary depending on, for example, the position of an object or the position of an observer.

[0125] The above-mentioned embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented not only by devices and methods, but also by programs that implement functions corresponding to the configurations of the embodiments of the present disclosure or recording media having the programs recorded thereon. This can be easily implemented by a person skilled in the art of the present disclosure based on the description of the above-mentioned embodiments.

Claims

1. A battery management system comprising: Memory; as well as a controller configured to perform a parameter acquisition process to determine respective latest values ​​of a first parameter, a second parameter, and a third parameter related to a current state of the battery, Wherein, the controller is further configured to: Recalling from the memory a parameter mapping that records a correspondence between the third parameter and the first parameter and the second parameter; as well as A mapping update process is performed to update the parameter map based on the respective latest values ​​of the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter.

2. The battery management system according to claim 1, wherein: The controller is further configured to: determining one of a plurality of storage locations in the parameter map as a target storage location based on the respective latest values ​​of the first parameter and the second parameter; and A target mapping value of the third parameter recorded at the target storage location is updated based on the latest value of the third parameter.

3. The battery management system according to claim 2, wherein: The controller is further configured to: determining a target correction value based on a difference between the latest value of the third parameter and the target mapped value; as well as The target mapping value is updated by summing the target correction value and the target mapping value.

4. The battery management system according to claim 3, wherein: The controller is further configured to: The target correction value is determined by multiplying a reference coefficient and a target correction coefficient by the difference between the latest value of the third parameter and the target mapped value.

5. The battery management system according to claim 4, wherein: The reference coefficient and the target correction coefficient are each a predetermined positive number.

6. The battery management system according to claim 2, wherein: The controller is further configured to: determining at least one storage location other than the target storage location among the plurality of storage locations as an extended storage location; and The extended mapping value of the third parameter recorded at the extended storage location is updated based on the latest value of the third parameter and the updated target mapping value.

7. The battery management system according to claim 6, wherein: The controller is further configured to: determining an extended correction value based on a difference between the latest value of the third parameter and the updated target mapped value; as well as The extended map value is updated by summing the extended correction value and the extended map value.

8. The battery management system according to claim 7, wherein: The controller is further configured to: The extended correction value is determined by multiplying a reference coefficient and an extended correction coefficient by the difference between the latest value of the third parameter and the updated target mapped value.

9. The battery management system according to claim 8, wherein: The controller is further configured to: The extended correction coefficient is determined based on a latest value of the first parameter, an index value of the first parameter associated with the extended map value, a latest value of the second parameter, and an index value of the second parameter associated with the extended map value.

10. The battery management system according to claim 1, wherein: The first parameter is a state of charge, the second parameter is a temperature, and the third parameter is an internal resistance.

11. A battery pack comprising the battery management system according to claim 1.

12. An electric vehicle comprising the battery pack according to claim 11.

13. A battery management method, comprising: performing a parameter acquisition process to determine respective latest values ​​of a first parameter, a second parameter, and a third parameter associated with a current state of the battery; Recalling from a memory a parameter mapping that records a correspondence between the third parameter and the first parameter and the second parameter; as well as A mapping update process is performed to update the parameter map based on the respective latest values ​​of the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter.

14. The battery management method according to claim 13, wherein: Updating the parameter map includes: determining one of a plurality of storage locations in the parameter map as a target storage location based on the respective latest values ​​of the first parameter and the second parameter; and A target mapping value of the third parameter recorded at the target storage location is updated based on the latest value of the third parameter.

15. The battery management method according to claim 14, wherein: Updating the parameter map includes: determining at least one storage location other than the target storage location among the plurality of storage locations as an extended storage location; and The extended mapping value of the third parameter recorded at the extended storage location is updated based on the latest value of the third parameter and the updated target mapping value.

16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a program, wherein the program, when executed, causes a system to perform a method, the method comprising: Storing in a memory a parameter mapping recording a correspondence between a third parameter and the first parameter and the second parameter; performing a parameter acquisition process to determine respective latest values ​​of the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter associated with a current state of the battery; Recalling the parameter map from the memory; as well as The parameter map is updated based on the respective latest values ​​of the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter.

17. The storage medium according to claim 16, wherein: Updating the parameter map includes: determining one of a plurality of storage locations in the parameter map as a target storage location based on the respective latest values ​​of the first parameter and the second parameter; and A target mapping value of the third parameter recorded at the target storage location is updated based on the latest value of the third parameter.

18. The storage medium according to claim 17, wherein: Updating the parameter map includes: determining a target correction value based on a difference between the latest value of the third parameter and the target mapped value; and The target mapping value is updated by summing the target correction value and the target mapping value.

Images