Intelligent culture medium based on ion exchange

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of culture substrates, and discloses an intelligent culture substrate based on ion exchange. Comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of modified zeolite, 15-25 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose grafted ion exchange resin, 10-20 parts of a nano montmorillonite compound, 8-15 parts of water retention polymer microspheres, 10-20 parts of volcanic rock particles, 5-10 parts of activated carbon fibers, 1-5 parts of a bioactive additive and 2-8 parts of intelligent sensing microcapsules. 3-10 parts of a responsive gel material, and 0.5-3 parts of nano-scale signal transduction particles. Nutrient supply is stabilized through modified zeolite, the adsorption and release capacity of nutrients is enhanced through carboxymethyl cellulose grafted ion exchange resin, the adsorbability and antibacterial property are enhanced through a nano montmorillonite compound, the soil microbial environment is improved through a bioactive additive, and nutrient absorption of plants is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation substrates, in particular to an intelligent cultivation substrate based on ion exchange. Background Art

[0002] With the development of modern agriculture, the performance requirements for cultivation substrates are becoming increasingly stringent. Whether it is large-scale agricultural planting or emerging planting models such as home gardening and vertical farms in cities, there is an urgent need for a cultivation substrate that can adapt to complex environments and accurately meet the needs of plant growth. This is in line with the needs of intelligent agricultural equipment for precise control of environmental parameters, thereby improving crop yield and quality and reducing resource waste.

[0003] Traditional cultivation substrates primarily include natural substrates such as soil, peat, and coconut coir, as well as some synthetic substrates. These substrates struggle to dynamically adjust nutrient release according to the needs of plants at different growth stages. This leads to unstable nutrient supply, often resulting in an excess of nutrients in the early stages and a deficiency in the later stages. This can lead to poor plant growth and development, impacting crop yield and quality. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides an intelligent cultivation matrix based on ion exchange to solve the problem that the nutrient supply of traditional cultivation matrix is ​​unstable and difficult to meet the diverse growth needs of plants.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical scheme: an intelligent cultivation matrix based on ion exchange includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of modified zeolite, 15-25 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose grafted ion exchange resin, 10-20 parts of nano-montmorillonite composite, 8-15 parts of water-retaining polymer microspheres, 10-20 parts of volcanic rock particles, 5-10 parts of activated carbon fiber, 1-5 parts of bioactive additives, 2-8 parts of intelligent sensor microcapsules, 3-10 parts of responsive gel materials, and 0.5-3 parts of nanoscale signal conduction particles.

[0006] Preferably, the modified zeolite is a zeolite modified by acid-base activation and metal ion loading, and the carboxymethyl cellulose grafted ion exchange resin is a resin with carboxymethyl cellulose as a skeleton and ion exchange groups introduced by free radical polymerization grafting, and the ion exchange groups include sulfonic acid groups and quaternary ammonium groups.

[0007] Preferably, the nano-montmorillonite composite is prepared by nano-composite technology from montmorillonite, nano-titanium dioxide and nano-silver, wherein the mass proportion of montmorillonite is 60%-80%, the particle size of nano-titanium dioxide is 5-20 nanometers, and the particle size of nano-silver is 10-30 nanometers. The nano-composite technology includes ultrasonic dispersion and co-precipitation. The water-retaining polymer microspheres are one of sodium polyacrylate or starch grafted acrylate, and the particle size is 50-200 microns.

[0008] Preferably, the particle size of the volcanic rock particles is 2-5 mm, and the iron content is 0.5%-2%, the manganese content is 0.2%-1%, and the zinc content is 0.1%-0.5%. The biologically active additives include probiotics and enzyme preparations. The probiotics include nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and the number of viable nitrogen-fixing bacteria per gram of substrate is not less than 1×10 6 CFU, the number of viable phosphate-solubilizing bacteria is not less than 5×10 5 CFU, the number of viable potassium-solubilizing bacteria is not less than 3×10 5 CFU, the enzyme preparation includes cellulase and protease, the cellulase activity is not less than 200U / g, and the protease activity is not less than 150U / g.

[0009] Preferably, the smart sensing microcapsules are made of polymer materials, the microcapsule particle size is 100-500 microns, and sensors are encapsulated inside. The polymer material includes polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer, and the sensors include pH sensors, ion concentration sensors, and humidity sensors.

[0010] Preferably, the responsive gel material includes temperature-responsive gel and pH-responsive gel. The temperature-responsive gel includes poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) gel, the minimum critical solution temperature of which is 30-35° C., and the pH-responsive gel includes polyacrylic acid gel.

[0011] Preferably, the nanoscale signal transduction particles include quantum dots and gold nanoparticles. The particle size of the quantum dots is 2-6 nanometers, and the fluorescence quantum yield is 30%-50%. The particle size of the gold nanoparticles is 15-30 nanometers, and the surface charge density is 1×10 -4 -3×10 -4 C / m 2 .

[0012] The method for preparing an intelligent cultivation substrate based on ion exchange comprises the following steps:

[0013] S1. Preparing modified zeolite, carboxymethyl cellulose grafted ion exchange resin, nano-montmorillonite composite, water-retaining polymer microspheres, smart sensing microcapsules, and responsive gel materials in sequence;

[0014] S2. Modified zeolite, carboxymethyl cellulose grafted ion exchange resin, nano-montmorillonite composite, water-retaining polymer microspheres, smart sensing microcapsules, responsive gel material, volcanic rock particles, activated carbon fibers, bioactive additives, and nanoscale signal conduction particles are uniformly mixed according to weight to obtain an ion exchange-based smart cultivation matrix.

[0015] Preferably, the S1 specifically includes the following steps:

[0016] S101, selecting natural zeolite, crushing it to a particle size of 1-3 mm, sequentially performing acid-base activation treatment with 0.5-1 mol / L hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution for 2-4 hours each, then drying it at 100-120°C, and immersing it in a solution containing a metal ion concentration of 0.05-0.1 mol / L, and loading it with ultrasound for 2-3 hours, and drying it at 80-100°C to obtain a modified zeolite, wherein the metal ions include iron ions and zinc ions, and the ultrasonic power of the loading is 200-400 watts;

[0017] S102, dissolving carboxymethyl cellulose in deionized water to prepare a solution with a mass fraction of 3%-5%, adding potassium persulfate as an initiator in an amount of 1%-3% by mass of the carboxymethyl cellulose, and then adding a sulfonic acid monomer and a quaternary ammonium monomer, with the total monomer amount being 40%-60% by mass of the carboxymethyl cellulose, and conducting a free radical polymerization reaction at 60-80° C. for 3-5 hours, followed by washing and drying to obtain a carboxymethyl cellulose grafted ion exchange resin, wherein the sulfonic acid monomer comprises sodium propylene sulfonate, and the quaternary ammonium monomer comprises methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, and nitrogen protection is introduced during the polymerization reaction;

[0018] S103, dispersing montmorillonite in deionized water to prepare a suspension with a mass fraction of 2%-4%, adding nano-titanium dioxide and nano-silver, whose mass fractions are 5%-10% and 3%-8% of the mass of the montmorillonite, respectively, and ultrasonically dispersing the suspension for 30-60 minutes, then adding a precipitant to carry out a co-precipitation reaction, controlling the reaction pH value to 7-9, and the reaction time to 1-2 hours, and then filtering, washing, and drying to obtain a nano-montmorillonite composite, wherein the precipitant comprises a sodium carbonate solution, and the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic dispersion is 20-40 kHz;

[0019] S104, neutralizing acrylic acid to a pH of 7-8, adding a crosslinking agent N,N-methylenebisacrylamide in an amount of 0.5%-1% by mass of the acrylic acid, and an initiator potassium persulfate in an amount of 1%-2% by mass of the acrylic acid, conducting an aqueous solution polymerization reaction at 50-70° C. for 2-3 hours, and then granulating, washing, and drying to obtain water-retaining polymer microspheres of the sodium polyacrylate type; or gelatinizing starch, and then adding acrylic acid and an initiator for graft copolymerization reaction, conducting an aqueous solution polymerization reaction at 50-70° C. for 2-3 hours, and then granulating, washing, and drying to obtain water-retaining polymer microspheres of starch grafted acrylate type, wherein the granulation is carried out by spray granulation with a spray pressure of 0.2-0.5 MPa;

[0020] S105, dissolving poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid) copolymer in dichloromethane to prepare a solution with a mass fraction of 5%-8%, encapsulating the sensor therein through a corresponding process, and then preparing microcapsules through spray drying or emulsification-solvent evaporation method, and collecting to obtain smart sensing microcapsules, wherein the corresponding process includes microfluidics technology, layer-by-layer self-assembly technology, and sol-gel encapsulation technology, the inlet air temperature of the spray drying method is 120-150° C., and the outlet air temperature is 80-100° C., and the amount of emulsifier used in the emulsification-solvent evaporation method is 2%-5% of the mass of the poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid) copolymer;

[0021] S106. Dissolve N-isopropylacrylamide, crosslinker N,N-methylenebisacrylamide, and initiator azobisisobutyronitrile in deionized water in a mass ratio of 100:0.5-1.5:0.5-1, and carry out polymerization reaction at 60-70°C for 2-3 hours to obtain a responsive gel material of a temperature-responsive gel. Dissolve acrylic acid, a crosslinker, and an initiator in a mass ratio of 100:1-2:1-1.5, and carry out polymerization reaction under acidic conditions of pH 4-6 to obtain a responsive gel material of a pH-responsive gel.

[0022] Preferably, the uniform mixing method is mechanical stirring or air flow mixing, the mechanical stirring time is 30-60 minutes, the stirring rate is 300-600 rpm, the gas flow rate of the air flow mixing is 0.5-1.5 cubic meters / minute, and the mixing time is 20-40 minutes.

[0023] The present invention provides an intelligent cultivation matrix based on ion exchange. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. The present invention stabilizes nutrient supply through modified zeolite, enhances nutrient adsorption and release capacity through carboxymethyl cellulose grafted ion exchange resin, enhances adsorption and antibacterial properties through nano-montmorillonite complex, and improves soil microbial environment through bioactive additives, promoting plant absorption of nutrients. Intelligent sensing microcapsules, responsive gel materials and nanoscale signal transmission particles give the matrix intelligent response characteristics, enabling it to accurately adjust nutrient supply and growth environment according to plant needs and environmental changes, meeting the diverse growth needs of plants, thereby solving the problem of unstable nutrient supply in traditional cultivation matrix and its difficulty in meeting the diverse growth needs of plants.

[0025] 2. The present invention absorbs water through water-retaining polymer microspheres and slowly releases water according to the humidity of the substrate during plant growth, thereby improving the water retention capacity of the substrate and providing a stable water supply for the plant roots. At the same time, the physical structure of the substrate is improved, making it more loose and porous, which is conducive to root growth and respiration. The volcanic rock particles can construct a good pore structure in the substrate. During the ion exchange process, trace elements are slowly released, thereby increasing the permeability of the substrate and adjusting the water-gas ratio. While providing sufficient oxygen to the roots, it meets the plant's needs for diverse trace elements.

[0026] 3. The present invention uses activated carbon fibers to adsorb harmful gases, odorous substances and excess nutrient ions in the matrix, thereby purifying the rhizosphere environment and avoiding damage to plants due to excessive accumulation of nutrients. At the same time, it improves the chemical balance of the matrix, enhances the matrix's buffering capacity for environmental changes, and improves plant stress resistance. Probiotics help plants absorb nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium that are originally difficult to utilize, and enzyme preparations promote the decomposition and conversion of organic matter in the matrix, decomposing large-molecule organic matter into small-molecule nutrients that can be absorbed by plants, thereby enhancing the plant's absorption and utilization efficiency of nutrients, promoting plant growth, and improving plant disease resistance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the method for preparing the intelligent cultivation matrix based on ion exchange proposed by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solution of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] An embodiment of the present invention provides an ion exchange-based smart cultivation matrix, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of modified zeolite, 15-25 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose grafted ion exchange resin, 10-20 parts of nano-montmorillonite composite, 8-15 parts of water-retaining polymer microspheres, 10-20 parts of volcanic rock particles, 5-10 parts of activated carbon fiber, 1-5 parts of bioactive additives, 2-8 parts of smart sensor microcapsules, 3-10 parts of responsive gel materials, and 0.5-3 parts of nanoscale signal conduction particles.

[0030] Specifically, by adding modified zeolite, after acid-base activation and loading of metal ions, it has better ion exchange performance, which greatly improves its ion exchange capacity. It can efficiently adsorb cations necessary for plant growth such as potassium, calcium, and magnesium in the environment, and release the adsorbed ions in time when the ion concentration around the plant roots decreases, thereby providing a continuous and stable nutrient supply for plant growth and maintaining the balance of nutrient ions in the matrix.

[0031] By adding carboxymethyl cellulose grafted ion exchange resin, sulfonic acid groups, quaternary ammonium groups and other ion exchange groups are grafted onto carboxymethyl cellulose as the skeleton, so that it not only has the hydrophilicity and biocompatibility of carboxymethyl cellulose, which is conducive to interaction with plant roots and other matrix components, but also has efficient ion exchange capacity. It can flexibly carry out ion exchange reactions according to the dynamic changes in ion concentration around plant roots, thereby regulating the concentration of nutrient ions in the matrix and meeting the nutrient needs of plants at different growth stages.

[0032] By adding nano-montmorillonite composite, which is prepared by ultrasonic dispersion, co-precipitation and other nano-composite technologies of montmorillonite, nano-titanium dioxide and nano-silver, the large specific surface area and ion exchange capacity of montmorillonite itself are enhanced. At the same time, nano-titanium dioxide and nano-silver give the composite new functions. Nano-titanium dioxide can catalytically decompose organic pollutants under light, and nano-silver can effectively inhibit the growth and reproduction of harmful microorganisms, thereby enhancing the ion exchange performance of the matrix. At the same time, it also has antibacterial, antiviral and photocatalytic degradation of harmful substances, creating a healthy growth environment for plants.

[0033] By adding water-retaining polymer microspheres, whether sodium polyacrylate or starch-grafted acrylate microspheres, their unique chemical structure gives them super high water absorption capacity, which can absorb hundreds of times their own weight in water. During the growth of plants, they can slowly release water according to the humidity of the substrate, thereby improving the water retention capacity of the substrate, reducing water evaporation and leakage, reducing watering frequency, and providing a stable water supply for plant roots. At the same time, it improves the physical structure of the substrate, making it more loose and porous, which is conducive to root growth and respiration.

[0034] By adding volcanic rock particles, a good pore structure can be constructed in the matrix. Various trace elements such as iron, manganese, zinc, etc. are rich in volcanic rock particles. These can be slowly released into the matrix during the ion exchange process, thereby increasing the permeability of the matrix, adjusting the water-gas ratio, and providing sufficient oxygen for the roots while meeting the plant's needs for diverse trace elements. In addition, its chemical properties are stable and it can continue to function for a long time.

[0035] By adding activated carbon fiber, due to its extremely high specific surface area and rich microporous structure, it has a strong adsorption capacity and can adsorb harmful gases, odorous substances and excess nutrient ions in the matrix, thereby purifying the rhizosphere environment and avoiding damage to plants due to excessive accumulation of nutrients. At the same time, it improves the chemical balance of the matrix, enhances the matrix's buffering capacity for environmental changes, and improves plant resistance.

[0036] By adding bioactive additives, probiotics such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and potassium-solubilizing bacteria can form a symbiotic relationship with plant roots, helping plants absorb nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium that are originally difficult to utilize. Enzyme preparations such as cellulase and protease can promote the decomposition and transformation of organic matter in the matrix, decomposing large molecular organic matter into small molecular nutrients that can be absorbed by plants, thereby enhancing the efficiency of plant absorption and utilization of nutrients, promoting plant growth, and improving plant disease resistance.

[0037] By adding smart sensing microcapsules, which are made of polymer materials such as polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer, and encapsulate pH sensors, ion concentration sensors, humidity sensors, etc., these microcapsules are evenly dispersed in the matrix and can monitor the key indicators of the matrix in real time and accurately, thereby providing accurate matrix environment data for growers or intelligent control systems to make timely adjustments and accurately regulate the function of the plant growth environment. It also has color change feedback and wireless transmission functions, which facilitates data acquisition and processing.

[0038] By adding responsive gel materials, the temperature-responsive poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) gel will undergo a volume phase change when the temperature reaches its lowest critical solution temperature, releasing or absorbing water and nutrients. The pH-responsive polyacrylic acid gel will also change its volume accordingly when the pH value of the matrix changes within the range of 4-8. This can dynamically adjust the matrix nutrients, water release and pH value according to changes in parameters such as ambient temperature and pH value, thereby creating suitable environmental conditions for plant growth.

[0039] Through the addition of nanoscale signal-transmitting particles, quantum dots have specific fluorescence properties, and nanogold has unique surface charge properties. When plants are stimulated by external stimuli (such as pest and disease invasion, nutrient deficiency, etc.), the biological signals generated by the roots can be sensed by these particles. The particles amplify and transmit the signals to the entire matrix system through changes in their own physical and chemical properties, such as changes in the fluorescence intensity of quantum dots and changes in the surface charge of nanogold, thereby triggering a series of response mechanisms within the matrix, such as activating beneficial microorganisms in bioactive additives or prompting smart sensing microcapsules to more accurately monitor relevant indicators, so that the matrix can quickly and intelligently respond to plant needs.

[0040] Through the coordination of various raw materials and the synergistic effect of various components, a cultivation matrix system is formed, which fully meets the plant's needs for nutrients, water, environmental monitoring and regulation, biological activity support, etc. during the growth process. It solves the problem that the nutrient supply of traditional cultivation matrix is ​​unstable and difficult to meet the diversified growth needs of plants, improves the growth quality and yield of plants, and promotes the development of intelligent cultivation technology.

[0041] Modified zeolite is a zeolite modified by acid-base activation and metal ion loading. Carboxymethyl cellulose grafted ion exchange resin is a resin with carboxymethyl cellulose as the skeleton and ion exchange groups introduced by free radical polymerization. The ion exchange groups include sulfonic acid groups and quaternary ammonium groups.

[0042] Specifically, natural zeolite has a certain ion exchange capacity, but its exchange capacity and selectivity are limited. During the acid-base activation process, acid treatment can remove impurities in the zeolite pores, expand the pore size, and increase the specific surface area. Alkali treatment can change the surface charge properties of zeolite, making it easier to combine with metal ions. When loading metal ions, the chemical reaction between metal ions and the active sites on the zeolite surface is used to introduce metal ions with catalytic activity or beneficial to plant growth (such as iron ions and zinc ions) into the zeolite structure. In the smart cultivation matrix, the modified zeolite, with its enhanced ion exchange performance, can quickly exchange ions when the ion concentration around the plant roots changes. For example, when the plant absorbs potassium ions, causing the potassium ion concentration in the matrix to decrease, the potassium ions adsorbed on the modified zeolite will be quickly exchanged into the matrix solution to ensure the plant's continued demand for potassium, while adsorbing other excess cations to maintain the ion balance of the matrix.

[0043] Based on carboxymethyl cellulose, ion exchange groups such as sulfonic acid groups and quaternary ammonium groups are grafted and introduced through free radical polymerization. During the free radical polymerization reaction, initiators such as potassium persulfate decompose to produce free radicals, which trigger the polymerization of carboxymethyl cellulose and monomers containing ion exchange groups (such as sodium propylene sulfonate and methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride). Sulfonic acid groups are acidic and can exchange with cations in the matrix, such as adsorbing ammonium ions and releasing hydrogen ions to adjust the pH of the matrix; quaternary ammonium groups are alkaline and can exchange with anions, such as adsorbing phosphate ions. In the intelligent cultivation matrix, ion exchange can be flexibly carried out based on the organic acids and protons secreted by the plant roots and the absorption of different nutrient ions, accurately controlling the concentrations of anions and cations in the matrix and providing a suitable nutrient environment for the plants.

[0044] Nano-montmorillonite composite is prepared by nano-composite technology from montmorillonite, nano-titanium dioxide and nano-silver, in which the mass proportion of montmorillonite is 60%-80%, the particle size of nano-titanium dioxide is 5-20 nanometers, and the particle size of nano-silver is 10-30 nanometers. The nano-composite technology includes ultrasonic dispersion and co-precipitation. The water-retaining polymer microspheres are one of sodium polyacrylate or starch grafted acrylate, with a particle size of 50-200 microns.

[0045] Specifically, montmorillonite itself has a large specific surface area and ion exchange capacity. Ultrasonic dispersion technology uses the cavitation effect of ultrasound to evenly disperse nano-titanium dioxide and nano-silver in the montmorillonite suspension, so that the three are in full contact. During the co-precipitation process, by adding a precipitant (such as sodium carbonate solution) and controlling the reaction conditions, nano-titanium dioxide, nano-silver and montmorillonite form a tightly bound complex at the microscopic level. Montmorillonite provides the basis for ion exchange and adsorption as the main body. Nano-titanium dioxide uses its photocatalytic properties to generate electron-hole pairs under light, which can decompose organic pollutants in the matrix, such as pesticide residues and harmful organic acids produced by the decomposition of root secretions, and purify the rhizosphere environment. Nano-silver, with its high specific surface area and antibacterial properties, effectively inhibits the growth and reproduction of harmful bacteria, fungi and viruses, and prevents the occurrence of plant diseases. In the intelligent cultivation matrix, the nano-montmorillonite complex synergistically exerts multiple functions to ensure the healthy growth of plants.

[0046] Sodium polyacrylate or starch-grafted acrylate microspheres have a special three-dimensional network structure. During the synthesis process, sodium polyacrylate microspheres form a cross-linked network through a cross-linking agent (such as N,N-methylenebisacrylamide). This network structure is hydrophilic and can expand rapidly when in contact with water, absorb a large amount of water and store it. Starch-grafted acrylate microspheres use the hydrophilic skeleton of starch and graft acrylate groups with water absorption capacity. In the smart cultivation matrix, when the ambient humidity is high, the microspheres absorb and store water; when the matrix humidity decreases and the plant roots are short of water, the microspheres slowly release water through osmotic pressure, providing a continuous water supply for the plants. The particle size of 50-200 microns can not only ensure sufficient water absorption surface area, but also be evenly distributed in the matrix without affecting the overall structure and air permeability of the matrix.

[0047] The particle size of the volcanic rock particles is 2-5 mm, and the iron content is 0.5%-2%, the manganese content is 0.2%-1%, and the zinc content is 0.1%-0.5%. The biologically active additives include probiotics and enzyme preparations. The probiotics include nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and the number of viable nitrogen-fixing bacteria per gram of the substrate is not less than 1×10 6 CFU, the number of viable phosphate-solubilizing bacteria is not less than 5×10 5 CFU, the number of viable potassium-solubilizing bacteria is not less than 3×10 5 CFU, the enzyme preparation includes cellulase and protease, and the cellulase activity is not less than 200U / g, and the protease activity is not less than 150U / g.

[0048] Specifically, volcanic rock particles with a particle size of 2-5 mm are obtained through screening. Their porous structure forms a large number of ventilation pores in the matrix, which is conducive to the entry of oxygen into the matrix and provides sufficient oxygen for the respiration of plant roots. At the same time, the trace elements rich in them, such as iron, manganese, and zinc, are slowly released over time during the ion exchange process of the matrix. For example, iron participates in the photosynthesis and respiration of plants and is a component of various enzymes. Manganese has an important influence on the photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism and other physiological processes of plants. Zinc participates in the synthesis of plant auxins and the regulation of the activity of various enzymes. These trace elements, in appropriate content and in a slow release manner, meet the trace element needs of plants at different growth stages and promote the normal growth and development of plants.

[0049] The nitrogen-fixing bacteria in probiotics can convert nitrogen in the air into ammonia nitrogen that can be absorbed by plants, increase the nitrogen content in the substrate, and reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizers. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria can decompose insoluble phosphorus compounds in the soil and convert them into phosphate ions that can be absorbed by plants, thereby increasing the effectiveness of phosphorus. Potassium-solubilizing bacteria can convert mineral potassium into potassium ions that can be used by plants. A certain number of live bacteria are guaranteed in each gram of substrate to ensure that they form a dominant bacterial community in the substrate and play a stable role. The cellulase in the enzyme preparation can decompose the cellulose organic matter in the substrate and convert it into small molecules such as sugars to provide nutrition for plants and microorganisms. The protease decomposes protein organic matter and releases nutrients such as amino acids. In the intelligent cultivation substrate, the bioactive additives work synergistically to improve the nutrient cycle and biological activity of the substrate and promote plant growth.

[0050] The intelligent sensing microcapsules are made of polymer materials, with a particle size of 100-500 microns. Sensors are encapsulated inside. The polymer materials include polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer, and the sensors include pH sensors, ion concentration sensors, and humidity sensors.

[0051] Specifically, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is used to prepare microcapsules. PLGA has excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, protecting the encapsulated sensors without harming plant growth or the environment. pH sensors, ion concentration sensors, and humidity sensors are encapsulated within these microcapsules using microfluidics, layer-by-layer self-assembly, or sol-gel encapsulation techniques. The pH sensor uses a membrane material sensitive to hydrogen ions to measure the pH of the substrate by detecting the potential difference across the membrane. The ion concentration sensor, based on the principle of ion-selective electrodes, detects the concentrations of key ions for plant growth, such as potassium, calcium, and magnesium. The humidity sensor measures the substrate's humidity by sensing the interaction between water molecules and the sensitive material, such as changes in capacitance and resistance. These microcapsules are evenly dispersed within the smart cultivation substrate, monitoring parameters such as pH, ion concentration, and humidity in real time. When these parameters change, the sensors convert the signals into electrical or optical signals, which are fed back to the grower or intelligent control system through interactions between the microcapsules and the external environment (such as color changes or wireless transmission), allowing for timely adjustments to the cultivation environment.

[0052] The responsive gel material includes temperature-responsive gel and pH-responsive gel. The temperature-responsive gel includes poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) gel, whose minimum critical solution temperature is 30-35° C., and the pH-responsive gel includes polyacrylic acid gel.

[0053] Specifically, the temperature-responsive poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) gel contains both hydrophilic amide groups and hydrophobic isopropyl groups on its molecular chain. When the temperature is below the minimum critical solution temperature (30-35°C), the amide groups form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, and the gel is in a swollen state, capable of absorbing and storing water and nutrients. When the temperature rises above this temperature, the hydrophobicity of the isopropyl groups increases, the molecular chains shrink, and the gel releases the stored water and nutrients. In the smart cultivation matrix, when the ambient temperature rises, the plant transpiration is enhanced, and the demand for water and nutrients increases, the poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) gel releases substances in a timely manner to meet the needs of the plants. pH-responsive polyacrylic acid gel contains a large number of carboxyl groups on its molecular chain. In an acidic environment, the carboxyl groups bind to protons and the gel swells. In an alkaline environment, the carboxyl groups dissociate protons and the gel shrinks. In the smart cultivation matrix, when the pH value of the matrix changes, the polyacrylic acid gel adjusts the pore structure and ion exchange capacity of the matrix through volume phase change, thereby affecting the release of nutrients and water and maintaining the stability of the matrix environment.

[0054] Nanoscale signal transduction particles include quantum dots and gold nanoparticles. The particle size of quantum dots is 2-6 nanometers, and the fluorescence quantum yield is 30%-50%. The particle size of gold nanoparticles is 15-30 nanometers, and the surface charge density is 1×10 -4 -3×10 -4 C / m 2 .

[0055] Specifically, quantum dots have a unique quantum size effect, and their fluorescence properties are closely related to the particle size. When quantum dots with a particle size of 2-6 nanometers are excited by light of a specific wavelength, they will emit fluorescence of a specific color, and the fluorescence quantum yield is 30%-50%, with a high luminous efficiency. When plants are stimulated by external stimuli, such as pests and diseases, and nutrient deficiencies, the roots will produce some biological signal molecules. These molecules interact with quantum dots and change the fluorescence intensity or wavelength of the quantum dots. For example, when plants suffer from diseases, certain substances secreted by the roots may combine with the functional groups on the surface of the quantum dots, causing the fluorescence of the quantum dots to be quenched or enhanced. Due to its small size effect and surface plasmon resonance characteristics, nanogold has a large specific surface area and specific surface charge density with a particle size of 15-30 nanometers. When plants produce biological signals, the surface charge of nanogold changes, affecting the surrounding environment through electrostatic interactions. In the smart cultivation matrix, quantum dots and nanogold form a microscopic signal transmission network, which amplifies the plant's biological signals and transmits them to the entire matrix system, triggering related response mechanisms, such as activating microorganisms in bioactive additives or prompting smart sensing microcapsules to more accurately monitor related indicators, thereby realizing the matrix's rapid and intelligent response to plant needs.

[0056] Please see the attached Figure 1 The method for preparing an intelligent cultivation substrate based on ion exchange comprises the following steps:

[0057] S1, sequentially preparing modified zeolite, carboxymethyl cellulose grafted ion exchange resin, nano-montmorillonite composite, water-retaining polymer microspheres, smart sensing microcapsules, and responsive gel materials; S1 specifically includes the following steps:

[0058] S101, selecting natural zeolite, crushing it to a particle size of 1-3 mm, sequentially performing acid-base activation treatment with 0.5-1 mol / L hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution for 2-4 hours each, then drying it at 100-120°C, and immersing it in a solution containing a metal ion concentration of 0.05-0.1 mol / L, and loading it with ultrasound for 2-3 hours, and drying it at 80-100°C to obtain a modified zeolite, wherein the metal ions include iron ions and zinc ions, and the loading ultrasonic power is 200-400 watts;

[0059] S102, dissolving carboxymethyl cellulose in deionized water to prepare a solution with a mass fraction of 3%-5%, adding potassium persulfate as an initiator in an amount of 1%-3% by mass of the carboxymethyl cellulose, and then adding a sulfonic acid monomer and a quaternary ammonium monomer, wherein the total amount of the monomers is 40%-60% by mass of the carboxymethyl cellulose, and conducting a free radical polymerization reaction at 60-80° C. for 3-5 hours, followed by washing and drying to obtain a carboxymethyl cellulose grafted ion exchange resin, wherein the sulfonic acid monomer includes sodium propylene sulfonate and the quaternary ammonium monomer includes methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, and nitrogen protection is introduced during the polymerization reaction;

[0060] S103, dispersing montmorillonite in deionized water to prepare a suspension with a mass fraction of 2%-4%, adding nano-titanium dioxide and nano-silver, whose mass fractions are 5%-10% and 3%-8% of the mass of the montmorillonite, respectively, and ultrasonically dispersing the suspension for 30-60 minutes, then adding a precipitant to carry out a co-precipitation reaction, controlling the reaction pH value to 7-9, and the reaction time to 1-2 hours, and then filtering, washing, and drying to obtain a nano-montmorillonite composite, wherein the precipitant comprises a sodium carbonate solution, and the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic dispersion is 20-40 kHz;

[0061] S104, neutralizing acrylic acid to a pH of 7-8, adding a crosslinking agent N,N-methylenebisacrylamide in an amount of 0.5%-1% by mass of the acrylic acid, and an initiator potassium persulfate in an amount of 1%-2% by mass of the acrylic acid, and conducting an aqueous solution polymerization reaction at 50-70° C. for 2-3 hours, followed by granulation, washing, and drying to obtain water-retaining polymer microspheres of the sodium polyacrylate type; or gelatinizing starch, and then adding acrylic acid and an initiator for graft copolymerization reaction, conducting an aqueous solution polymerization reaction at 50-70° C. for 2-3 hours, followed by granulation, washing, and drying to obtain water-retaining polymer microspheres of starch grafted acrylate type, wherein the granulation is performed by spray granulation at a spray pressure of 0.2-0.5 MPa;

[0062] S105, dissolving poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid) copolymer in dichloromethane to prepare a solution with a mass fraction of 5%-8%, encapsulating the sensor therein through a corresponding process, and then preparing microcapsules through spray drying or emulsification-solvent evaporation method, and collecting to obtain smart sensing microcapsules, the corresponding process including microfluidics technology, layer-by-layer self-assembly technology, and sol-gel encapsulation technology, the inlet air temperature of the spray drying method is 120-150° C., and the outlet air temperature is 80-100° C., and the amount of emulsifier used in the emulsification-solvent evaporation method is 2%-5% of the mass of the poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid) copolymer;

[0063] S106. Dissolve N-isopropylacrylamide, crosslinker N,N-methylenebisacrylamide, and initiator azobisisobutyronitrile in deionized water in a mass ratio of 100:0.5-1.5:0.5-1, and carry out polymerization reaction at 60-70°C for 2-3 hours to obtain a responsive gel material of a temperature-responsive gel. Dissolve acrylic acid, a crosslinker, and an initiator in a mass ratio of 100:1-2:1-1.5, and carry out polymerization reaction under acidic conditions of pH 4-6 to obtain a responsive gel material of a pH-responsive gel.

[0064] Specifically, modified zeolite undergoes specific treatment to enhance ion exchange performance, ensuring a dynamic balance of nutrient ions within the matrix. This allows for timely nutrient exchange based on plant growth needs, ensuring continuous and adequate nutrition for the plant. The preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose-grafted ion exchange resin imbues the matrix with more flexible and precise ion exchange capabilities, enabling rapid response and adjustment based on changes in ion concentrations within the plant root microenvironment, enabling personalized regulation of plant nutrient supply.

[0065] The preparation of a nano-montmorillonite composite combines the ion exchange and adsorption properties of montmorillonite with the antibacterial and photocatalytic properties of nano-titanium dioxide and nano-silver. This not only enhances the substrate's fundamental properties, but also creates a healthy, clean rhizosphere environment for plant growth, reducing pest infestation. The preparation of water-retaining polymer microspheres gives the substrate exceptional water retention, enabling it to stably provide water to plant roots under varying humidity conditions, effectively mitigating the impact of fluctuating water supplies on plant growth.

[0066] Through the preparation of intelligent sensing microcapsules, key parameters such as pH, ion concentration, and humidity in the matrix can be sensed and timely feedback can be provided, providing a reliable basis for subsequent precise control. Through the preparation of responsive gel materials, the matrix has the ability to adaptively adjust to changes in ambient temperature and pH, dynamically adjusting the physical and chemical properties of the matrix according to environmental factors, creating the most suitable growth conditions for plants.

[0067] By preparing these materials in sequence, a full range of functions is integrated from basic nutrient supply, environmental purification, water retention to real-time monitoring and adaptive regulation, thereby improving the quality and stability of plant growth.

[0068] S2. Modified zeolite, carboxymethyl cellulose grafted ion exchange resin, nano-montmorillonite composite, water-retaining polymer microspheres, smart sensing microcapsules, responsive gel material, volcanic rock particles, activated carbon fiber, bioactive additives, and nanoscale signal conduction particles are mixed uniformly by weight to obtain an ion exchange-based smart cultivation matrix. The mixing is performed by mechanical stirring or airflow mixing. The mechanical stirring time is 30-60 minutes, the stirring rate is 300-600 rpm, the gas flow rate of the airflow mixing is 0.5-1.5 cubic meters / minute, and the mixing time is 20-40 minutes.

[0069] Specifically, when mechanical stirring is used, the stirring time is 30-60 minutes and the stirring rate is 300-600 rpm. Appropriate stirring time and rate can fully disperse and evenly mix the modified zeolite, carboxymethyl cellulose grafted ion exchange resin, nano-montmorillonite composite, water-retaining polymer microspheres, smart sensing microcapsules, responsive gel materials and volcanic rock particles, activated carbon fibers, bioactive additives, nanoscale signal transmission particles and other components. If the stirring time is too short, the components are not fully mixed; if the stirring rate is too fast, the structure of some fragile materials, such as smart sensing microcapsules, may be destroyed.

[0070] When using airflow mixing, the gas flow rate is 0.5-1.5 cubic meters per minute, and the mixing time is 20-40 minutes. By controlling the gas flow rate and mixing time, the impact and dispersion effects of the airflow are utilized to cause the various components to collide and mix within the airflow. Too low a gas flow rate will not effectively disperse the components; too high a flow rate may cause lightweight materials (such as activated carbon fibers) to fly and be lost. Proper mixing time is also crucial to ensure effective mixing.

[0071] The following is further introduced in conjunction with specific embodiments:

[0072] Example 1:

[0073] The intelligent cultivation matrix based on ion exchange includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of modified zeolite, 25 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose grafted ion exchange resin, 20 parts of nano-montmorillonite composite, 15 parts of water-retaining polymer microspheres, 20 parts of volcanic rock particles, 10 parts of activated carbon fiber, 5 parts of bioactive additives, 8 parts of intelligent sensing microcapsules, 10 parts of responsive gel materials, and 3 parts of nanoscale signal conduction particles.

[0074] Modified zeolite is a zeolite modified by acid-base activation and metal ion loading. Carboxymethyl cellulose grafted ion exchange resin is a resin with carboxymethyl cellulose as the skeleton and ion exchange groups introduced by free radical polymerization. The ion exchange groups include sulfonic acid groups and quaternary ammonium groups.

[0075] Nano-montmorillonite composite is prepared by nano-composite technology from montmorillonite, nano-titanium dioxide and nano-silver, in which the mass proportion of montmorillonite is 70%, the particle size of nano-titanium dioxide is 10 nanometers, and the particle size of nano-silver is 20 nanometers. The nano-composite technology includes ultrasonic dispersion and co-precipitation. The water-retaining polymer microspheres are one of sodium polyacrylate or starch grafted acrylate, with a particle size of 100 microns.

[0076] The particle size of the volcanic rock particles is 3 mm, and the iron content is 1%, the manganese content is 0.6%, and the zinc content is 0.3%. The biologically active additives include probiotics and enzyme preparations. The probiotics include nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and the number of viable nitrogen-fixing bacteria per gram of substrate is not less than 1×10 6 CFU, the number of viable phosphate-solubilizing bacteria is not less than 5×10 5 CFU, the number of viable potassium-solubilizing bacteria is not less than 3×10 5 CFU, the enzyme preparation includes cellulase and protease, and the cellulase activity is not less than 200U / g, and the protease activity is not less than 150U / g.

[0077] The intelligent sensing microcapsules are made of polymer materials. The particle size of the microcapsules is 300 microns. Sensors are encapsulated inside. The polymer materials include polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer. The sensors include pH sensors, ion concentration sensors, and humidity sensors.

[0078] The responsive gel material includes temperature-responsive gel and pH-responsive gel. The temperature-responsive gel includes poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) gel, whose minimum critical solution temperature is 32° C., and the pH-responsive gel includes polyacrylic acid gel.

[0079] Nanoscale signal transduction particles include quantum dots and gold nanoparticles. The particle size of quantum dots is 4 nanometers and the fluorescence quantum yield is 40%. The particle size of gold nanoparticles is 22 nanometers and the surface charge density is 1×10 -4 -3×10 -4 C / m 2 .

[0080] The method for preparing an intelligent cultivation substrate based on ion exchange comprises the following steps:

[0081] S1. Preparing modified zeolite, carboxymethyl cellulose grafted ion exchange resin, nano-montmorillonite composite, water-retaining polymer microspheres, smart sensing microcapsules, and responsive gel materials in sequence;

[0082] S2. Modified zeolite, carboxymethyl cellulose grafted ion exchange resin, nano-montmorillonite composite, water-retaining polymer microspheres, smart sensing microcapsules, responsive gel material, volcanic rock particles, activated carbon fibers, bioactive additives, and nanoscale signal conduction particles are uniformly mixed according to weight to obtain an ion exchange-based smart cultivation matrix.

[0083] S1 specifically includes the following steps:

[0084] S101, selecting natural zeolite, crushing it to a particle size of 2 mm, sequentially performing acid-base activation treatment with 0.75 mol / L hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution for 3 hours each, then drying it at 110°C, and immersing it in a solution containing a metal ion concentration of 0.075 mol / L, and loading it with ultrasound for 2.5 hours, and drying it at 90°C to obtain a modified zeolite, wherein the metal ions include iron ions and zinc ions, and the ultrasonic power of the loading is 300 watts;

[0085] S102, dissolving carboxymethyl cellulose in deionized water to prepare a solution with a mass fraction of 4%, adding potassium persulfate as an initiator at a mass fraction of 2% by mass of the carboxymethyl cellulose, and then adding a sulfonic acid monomer and a quaternary ammonium monomer, with the total monomer amount being 50% by mass of the carboxymethyl cellulose, and conducting a free radical polymerization reaction at 70° C. for 4 hours, followed by washing and drying to obtain a carboxymethyl cellulose grafted ion exchange resin, wherein the sulfonic acid monomer includes sodium propylene sulfonate and the quaternary ammonium monomer includes methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, and nitrogen protection is introduced during the polymerization reaction;

[0086] S103, dispersing montmorillonite in deionized water to prepare a suspension with a mass fraction of 3%, adding nano-titanium dioxide and nano-silver, whose masses are 7% and 5.5% of the mass of the montmorillonite, respectively, and ultrasonically dispersing the suspension for 45 minutes, then adding a precipitant to carry out a co-precipitation reaction, controlling the reaction pH to 8, and the reaction time to 1.5 hours, and then filtering, washing, and drying to obtain a nano-montmorillonite composite, wherein the precipitant comprises a sodium carbonate solution, and the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic dispersion is 30 kHz;

[0087] S104, neutralizing acrylic acid to a pH of 7.5, adding a cross-linking agent N,N-methylenebisacrylamide in an amount of 0.75% by mass of acrylic acid, and an initiator potassium persulfate in an amount of 1.5% by mass of acrylic acid, and conducting an aqueous solution polymerization reaction at 60° C. for 2.5 hours, followed by granulation, washing, and drying to obtain water-retaining polymer microspheres of sodium polyacrylate; or gelatinizing starch, and then adding acrylic acid and an initiator for graft copolymerization reaction, conducting an aqueous solution polymerization reaction at 60° C. for 2.5 hours, and then granulating, washing, and drying to obtain water-retaining polymer microspheres of starch grafted acrylate, wherein the granulation is performed by spray granulation at a spray pressure of 0.35 MPa;

[0088] S105, dissolving poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) in dichloromethane to prepare a solution with a mass fraction of 6%, encapsulating the sensor therein through a corresponding process, and then preparing microcapsules through spray drying or emulsification-solvent evaporation method, and collecting to obtain smart sensing microcapsules, the corresponding process including microfluidics technology, layer-by-layer self-assembly technology, and sol-gel encapsulation technology, the inlet air temperature of the spray drying method is 130° C., and the outlet air temperature is 90° C., and the amount of emulsifier used in the emulsification-solvent evaporation method is 3.5% of the mass of the poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) copolymer;

[0089] S106. Dissolve N-isopropylacrylamide, crosslinker N,N-methylenebisacrylamide, and initiator azobisisobutyronitrile in deionized water in a mass ratio of 100:1:0.75, and carry out polymerization reaction at 65°C for 2.5 hours to obtain a responsive gel material of temperature-responsive gel. Dissolve acrylic acid, crosslinker, and initiator in a mass ratio of 100:1.5:1.25 under acidic conditions of pH 5, and carry out polymerization reaction to obtain a responsive gel material of pH-responsive gel.

[0090] The mixing method is mechanical stirring or air flow mixing. The mechanical stirring time is 45 minutes, the stirring rate is 450 revolutions per minute, the gas flow rate of the air flow mixing is 1 cubic meter per minute, and the mixing time is 30 minutes.

[0091] Example 2:

[0092] This embodiment differs from the above-mentioned embodiment 1 in that:

[0093] The intelligent cultivation matrix based on ion exchange is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of modified zeolite, 15 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose grafted ion exchange resin, 10 parts of nano-montmorillonite composite, 8 parts of water-retaining polymer microspheres, 10 parts of volcanic rock particles, 5 parts of activated carbon fiber, 1 part of bioactive additive, 2 parts of intelligent sensor microcapsules, 3 parts of responsive gel material, and 0.5 parts of nanoscale signal conduction particles.

[0094] Example 3:

[0095] This embodiment differs from the above-mentioned embodiment 1 in that:

[0096] The intelligent cultivation matrix based on ion exchange is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 27.5 parts of modified zeolite, 20 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose grafted ion exchange resin, 15 parts of nano-montmorillonite composite, 11.5 parts of water-retaining polymer microspheres, 15 parts of volcanic rock particles, 7.5 parts of activated carbon fiber, 3 parts of bioactive additives, 5 parts of intelligent sensing microcapsules, 6.5 parts of responsive gel materials, and 1.75 parts of nanoscale signal conduction particles.

[0097] Table 1:

[0098]

[0099]

[0100] The above table compares traditional cultivation substrates. Table 1 shows that modified zeolite with different contents helps to stabilize nutrient supply, carboxymethyl cellulose grafted ion exchange resin can enhance the adsorption and release capacity of nutrients such as ammonium ions and potassium ions, nano-montmorillonite complex has good adsorption and antibacterial properties, water-retaining polymer microspheres can effectively retain moisture, volcanic rock particles are rich in various minerals, activated carbon fiber can adsorb harmful substances, and probiotics and enzyme preparations in bioactive additives can improve the soil microbial environment and promote plant absorption of nutrients. Smart sensing microcapsules, responsive gel materials and nano-scale signal transmission particles give the substrate intelligent response characteristics, enabling it to accurately adjust nutrient supply and growth environment according to plant needs and environmental changes, to meet the diverse growth needs of plants, thereby solving the problem of unstable nutrient supply in traditional cultivation substrates and difficulty in meeting the diverse growth needs of plants.

[0101] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. Intelligent cultivation matrix based on ion exchange, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of modified zeolite, 15-25 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose grafted ion exchange resin, 10-20 parts of nano-montmorillonite composite, 8-15 parts of water-retaining polymer microspheres, 10-20 parts of volcanic rock particles, 5-10 parts of activated carbon fiber, 1-5 parts of bioactive additives, 2-8 parts of smart sensor microcapsules, 3-10 parts of responsive gel materials, and 0.5-3 parts of nano-scale signal conduction particles.

2. The intelligent cultivation substrate based on ion exchange according to claim 1, characterized in that: The modified zeolite is a zeolite modified by acid-base activation and metal ion loading. The carboxymethyl cellulose grafted ion exchange resin is a resin with carboxymethyl cellulose as a skeleton and ion exchange groups introduced by free radical polymerization. The ion exchange groups include sulfonic acid groups and quaternary ammonium groups.

3. The intelligent cultivation substrate based on ion exchange according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nano-montmorillonite composite is prepared from montmorillonite, nano-titanium dioxide and nano-silver through nano-composite technology, wherein the mass proportion of montmorillonite is 60%-80%, the particle size of nano-titanium dioxide is 5-20 nanometers, and the particle size of nano-silver is 10-30 nanometers. The nano-composite technology includes ultrasonic dispersion and co-precipitation. The water-retaining polymer microspheres are one of sodium polyacrylate or starch-grafted acrylate, and the particle size is 50-200 microns.

4. The intelligent cultivation substrate based on ion exchange according to claim 1, characterized in that: The volcanic rock particles have a particle size of 2-5 mm, and their iron content is 0.5%-2%, manganese content is 0.2%-1%, and zinc content is 0.1%-0.5%. The bioactive additives include probiotics and enzyme preparations. The probiotics include nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and the number of viable nitrogen-fixing bacteria per gram of substrate is not less than 1×10 6 CFU, the number of viable phosphate-solubilizing bacteria is not less than 5×10 5 CFU, the number of viable potassium-solubilizing bacteria is not less than 3×10 5 CFU, the enzyme preparation includes cellulase and protease, the cellulase activity is not less than 200U / g, and the protease activity is not less than 150U / g.

5. The intelligent cultivation substrate based on ion exchange according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent sensing microcapsule is made of polymer material, the microcapsule particle size is 100-500 microns, and sensors are encapsulated inside. The polymer material includes polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer, and the sensors include pH sensor, ion concentration sensor, and humidity sensor.

6. The intelligent cultivation substrate based on ion exchange according to claim 1, characterized in that: The responsive gel material includes temperature-responsive gel and pH-responsive gel. The temperature-responsive gel includes poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) gel, the lowest critical solution temperature of which is 30-35° C., and the pH-responsive gel includes polyacrylic acid gel.

7. The intelligent cultivation substrate based on ion exchange according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nanoscale signal transduction particles include quantum dots and nano-gold. The particle size of the quantum dots is 2-6 nanometers, and the fluorescence quantum yield is 30%-50%. The particle size of the nano-gold is 15-30 nanometers, and the surface charge density is 1×10 -4 -3×10 -4 C / m 2 .

8. A method for preparing an intelligent cultivation substrate based on ion exchange, characterized in that: The ion exchange-based smart cultivation substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 7 comprises the following steps: S1. Preparing modified zeolite, carboxymethyl cellulose grafted ion exchange resin, nano-montmorillonite composite, water-retaining polymer microspheres, smart sensing microcapsules, and responsive gel materials in sequence; S2. Modified zeolite, carboxymethyl cellulose grafted ion exchange resin, nano-montmorillonite composite, water-retaining polymer microspheres, smart sensing microcapsules, responsive gel material, volcanic rock particles, activated carbon fibers, bioactive additives, and nanoscale signal conduction particles are uniformly mixed according to weight to obtain an ion exchange-based smart cultivation matrix.

9. The method for preparing an intelligent cultivation substrate based on ion exchange according to claim 8, characterized in that: The S1 specifically includes the following steps: S101, selecting natural zeolite, crushing it to a particle size of 1-3 mm, sequentially performing acid-base activation treatment with 0.5-1 mol / L hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution for 2-4 hours each, then drying it at 100-120°C, and immersing it in a solution containing a metal ion concentration of 0.05-0.1 mol / L, and loading it with ultrasound for 2-3 hours, and drying it at 80-100°C to obtain a modified zeolite, wherein the metal ions include iron ions and zinc ions, and the ultrasonic power of the loading is 200-400 watts; S102, dissolving carboxymethyl cellulose in deionized water to prepare a solution with a mass fraction of 3%-5%, adding potassium persulfate as an initiator in an amount of 1%-3% by mass of the carboxymethyl cellulose, and then adding a sulfonic acid monomer and a quaternary ammonium monomer, with the total monomer amount being 40%-60% by mass of the carboxymethyl cellulose, and conducting a free radical polymerization reaction at 60-80° C. for 3-5 hours, followed by washing and drying to obtain a carboxymethyl cellulose grafted ion exchange resin, wherein the sulfonic acid monomer comprises sodium propylene sulfonate, and the quaternary ammonium monomer comprises methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, and nitrogen protection is introduced during the polymerization reaction; S103, dispersing montmorillonite in deionized water to prepare a suspension with a mass fraction of 2%-4%, adding nano-titanium dioxide and nano-silver, whose mass fractions are 5%-10% and 3%-8% of the mass of the montmorillonite, respectively, and ultrasonically dispersing the suspension for 30-60 minutes, then adding a precipitant to carry out a co-precipitation reaction, controlling the reaction pH value to 7-9, and the reaction time to 1-2 hours, and then filtering, washing, and drying to obtain a nano-montmorillonite composite, wherein the precipitant comprises a sodium carbonate solution, and the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic dispersion is 20-40 kHz; S104, neutralizing acrylic acid to a pH of 7-8, adding a crosslinking agent N,N-methylenebisacrylamide in an amount of 0.5%-1% by mass of the acrylic acid, and an initiator potassium persulfate in an amount of 1%-2% by mass of the acrylic acid, conducting an aqueous solution polymerization reaction at 50-70° C. for 2-3 hours, and then granulating, washing, and drying to obtain water-retaining polymer microspheres of the sodium polyacrylate type; or gelatinizing starch, and then adding acrylic acid and an initiator for graft copolymerization reaction, conducting an aqueous solution polymerization reaction at 50-70° C. for 2-3 hours, and then granulating, washing, and drying to obtain water-retaining polymer microspheres of starch grafted acrylate type, wherein the granulation is carried out by spray granulation with a spray pressure of 0.2-0.5 MPa; S105, dissolving poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid) copolymer in dichloromethane to prepare a solution with a mass fraction of 5%-8%, encapsulating the sensor therein through a corresponding process, and then preparing microcapsules through spray drying or emulsification-solvent evaporation method, and collecting to obtain smart sensing microcapsules, wherein the corresponding process includes microfluidics technology, layer-by-layer self-assembly technology, and sol-gel encapsulation technology, the inlet air temperature of the spray drying method is 120-150° C., and the outlet air temperature is 80-100° C., and the amount of emulsifier used in the emulsification-solvent evaporation method is 2%-5% of the mass of the poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid) copolymer; S106. Dissolve N-isopropylacrylamide, crosslinker N,N-methylenebisacrylamide, and initiator azobisisobutyronitrile in deionized water in a mass ratio of 100:0.5-1.5:0.5-1, and carry out polymerization reaction at 60-70°C for 2-3 hours to obtain a responsive gel material of a temperature-responsive gel. Dissolve acrylic acid, a crosslinker, and an initiator in a mass ratio of 100:1-2:1-1.5, and carry out polymerization reaction under acidic conditions of pH 4-6 to obtain a responsive gel material of a pH-responsive gel.

10. The method for preparing an intelligent cultivation substrate based on ion exchange according to claim 8, characterized in that: The uniform mixing method is mechanical stirring or air flow mixing. The mechanical stirring time is 30-60 minutes, the stirring rate is 300-600 rpm, the gas flow rate of the air flow mixing is 0.5-1.5 cubic meters per minute, and the mixing time is 20-40 minutes.

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