Tunnel rectangular ditch self-adaptive prefabricated formwork and construction technology thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a tunnel rectangular ditch self-adaptive prefabricated formwork and a construction technology thereof, relates to the technical field of tunnel ditches, and aims to solve the technical problem that bubbles and gaps are easily generated in the material pouring process of a prefabricated formwork. Uniform material distribution and annular flowing are achieved through the Bernoulli effect, disturbance is enhanced through the wave disturbance structure and the wave shifting structure, bubbles are broken, the concrete compactness is remarkably improved, the problem that a traditional prefabricated formwork is prone to generating bubbles and gaps is effectively solved, the structural strength of a ditch is enhanced, water seepage and freeze thawing risks are reduced, and the construction efficiency is improved. The formwork integrates the procedures of material distribution, vibration, limiting, plate sealing and the like through mechanical linkage, automatic operation is achieved through a one-way bearing, a rack groove and an electric telescopic rod, manual intervention is reduced, the construction process is simplified, the formwork is especially suitable for batch prefabrication, the construction period is greatly shortened, and the construction efficiency and quality stability are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel ditches, and more particularly to a self-adaptive prefabricated template for a tunnel rectangular ditches and a construction process thereof. Background Art

[0002] Precast formwork for rectangular tunnel gutters is primarily constructed using two methods: direct in-tunnel forming and external precast forming. While direct in-tunnel forming is well-suited to complex on-site environments, it suffers from low construction efficiency, large site requirements, and severe dust pollution. External precast forming, on the other hand, is widely used in large-scale construction due to its advantages, such as mass production and freedom from tunnel space constraints. However, this method has significant drawbacks in practice. Because rectangular tunnel gutters are typically thin (typically 15-30 cm) to meet space and load requirements, pouring concrete or other materials into the external precast formwork makes it difficult to evenly fill the narrow spaces within the formwork. During pouring, the material faces significant flow resistance, preventing effective air expulsion, which can easily form bubbles and voids within the gutter structure. These bubbles and voids not only weaken the gutter's structural strength, reducing its load-bearing capacity, but also accelerate structural degradation due to water seepage, freeze-thaw cycles, and other factors, reducing durability. For example, in tunnels in high-altitude, cold regions, water trapped in residual voids freezes and expands, causing damage such as cracking and spalling in the gutters, seriously impacting drainage function. Furthermore, the presence of air bubbles and voids can lead to uneven gutter surfaces, increasing repair costs and maintenance difficulties. To address this issue, we propose an adaptive prefabricated formwork for rectangular tunnel gutters and its construction process. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a self-adaptive prefabricated formwork for a rectangular tunnel ditch and a construction process thereof, so as to solve the technical problem that bubbles and voids are easily generated during the pouring process of the prefabricated formwork.

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an adaptive prefabricated formwork for a rectangular ditch in a tunnel includes a bottom formwork, an inner frame formwork is installed in the inner area of ​​the top of the bottom formwork, outer frame formworks are fixed on both sides of the top of the bottom formwork, both sides of the outer frame formwork are connected to outer sealing formworks, a top cover formwork is arranged between the top of the outer frame formwork and the outer sealing formwork, and a forming cavity is arranged between the outer frame formwork and the outer sealing formwork; Floating and sinking plates are adapted to be provided on both sides of the forming cavity, a feed port is provided in the center of the floating and sinking plates, a guide plate for guiding flow to both sides is provided inside the feed port for limiting sliding, a plurality of fixed columns are provided on both sides of the bottom of the floating and sinking plates, a hydrofoil plate is provided at the bottom of the fixed columns, the cross-sectional thickness of the two ends of the hydrofoil plate is different, the end with a thicker cross-section of the hydrofoil plate is close to the guide plate and is at an upward angle, and the fluid flow rate on the upper surface of the hydrofoil plate is greater than the flow rate on the lower surface.

[0005] Preferably, the hydrofoil plate consists of a front lift wing and a rear lift wing, and the thickness of the front lift wing is greater than that of the rear lift wing.

[0006] Preferably, the bottom end of the fixing column is rotatably connected to the top of the hydrofoil plate, a through opening is provided on the fixing column, and a wave disturbance structure is provided inside the through opening.

[0007] Preferably, the wave disturbance structure includes a bent connecting handle, one end of the bent connecting handle is fixed to the top of the hydrofoil plate, the other end of the bent connecting handle passes through the through-hole and is connected to a head, and spring plates are connected on both sides of the outer periphery of the bent connecting handle, the spring plates are convexly curved and tightly attached to one side of the through-hole, and the spring plates are made of elastic material.

[0008] Preferably, a displacement plate is provided on the top of the fixed column, and a sliding block and a sliding groove are respectively provided between the displacement plate and the floating plate, and the sliding block and the sliding groove are for limited sliding.

[0009] Preferably, a wave shift structure is provided on one side of the displacement plate, and the wave shift structure includes a wave stirring rod, and a plurality of wave stirring blades are installed at the bottom end of the wave stirring rod. A jacket is provided on the periphery of the wave stirring blade, and the jacket slides with the floating plate in a limited manner. A limiting ring fixed to the floating plate is provided at the bottom of the jacket, and a wave-wave part made of elastic metal is provided on one side of the jacket.

[0010] Preferably, the undulating member consists of a fixed side and an extrusion slope, the fixed side is fixed to the floating plate, the extrusion slope is an arc-shaped slope, and one side of the undulating member is provided with an extrusion tip connected to the displacement plate, and the extrusion tip is tightly attached to the extrusion slope.

[0011] Preferably, a hollow cavity is opened inside the displacement plate, and a storage structure is provided on the periphery of the fixed column. The storage structure consists of a corrugated folding sleeve and a spring-proof plate. The corrugated folding sleeve is in a multiple corrugated folding form. The corrugated folding sleeve is made of a material that deforms due to heat. The spring-proof plate is connected to the crest position of the corrugated folding sleeve. The spring-proof plate is made of an elastic material. A circular plate is connected to the top of the fixed column.

[0012] Preferably, a plurality of rack grooves are provided on one side of the floating plate, a lifting frame is provided between the plurality of rack grooves, an electric telescopic rod is connected between the lifting frame and the top cover template, a sliding plate is provided inside the floating plate, one side of the sliding plate is connected to a positioning gear through a one-way bearing, a spring and a top block are provided on one side of the sliding plate, and a top pressure plate is provided on one side of the outer frame template.

[0013] The construction process of the adaptive prefabricated formwork for the rectangular ditch of the tunnel includes the following steps: S1. Install the bottom template, inner frame formwork, outer frame template, outer sealing template and top cover template, fix them with bolts to form a closed cavity, and install the material conveying pipeline on the top cover template; S2. Concrete is intermittently injected into the feed port. The guide plate is used to distribute the material. The hydrofoil plate drives the floating plate to automatically rise and fall and swing in the material to achieve mixing and vibration. At the same time, the wave disturbance structure and wave shift structure help reduce bubbles. S3. After the cement is hydrated and heated, the storage structure automatically releases its constraints, allowing the hydrofoil to float up, indicating that the pouring is nearly complete. After the floating plate rises into place, the electric telescopic rod drives it to move further upward and insert the top plate to seal the top. S4. After the concrete solidifies to the standard, remove the bolts, take down each formwork component in turn, take out the prefabricated parts and clean the formwork.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention decomposes the injected material into horizontal components on both sides through the herringbone guide plate, thereby achieving initial uniform material distribution; the hydrofoil plate at the bottom of the floating and sinking plate utilizes the Bernoulli effect, with a fast flow rate and low static pressure on the upper surface and a slow flow rate and high static pressure on the lower surface, thereby generating an upward lift force to push the floating and sinking plate upward. During the intermittent input of materials, the lift force of the hydrofoil plate changes periodically, driving the floating and sinking plate to reciprocate, so that the material forms a circular flow in the forming cavity, ensuring that the concrete evenly fills every corner of the rectangular ditch formwork, effectively solving the problem of uneven material distribution caused by the narrow structure, laying the foundation for high-quality molding, and solving the problem of bubbles and voids that are easily generated during the pouring of materials in the prefabricated formwork.

[0015] 2. The present invention also provides additional power for concrete vibration through the ingenious coordination of the bent connecting handle, spring clip and fixed column. When the hydrofoil plate moves up or down due to lift, the bent connecting handle is driven to deflect, causing the spring clip and the fixed column to penetrate the side wall of the opening to produce a cyclic action of extrusion and rebound. In this process, the elastic deformation of the spring clip not only forms a damping effect, prolonging the disturbance time of the hydrofoil plate on the material, but also generates high-frequency elastic impact force to shear and stir the concrete. Compared with the traditional vibration method, the wave disturbance structure can more finely break the bubbles inside the concrete, especially for the areas where bubbles are prone to accumulate, such as the corners of rectangular ditches, significantly improving the density and structural strength of the tunnel ditch, reducing the risk of water seepage and freeze-thaw damage caused by bubbles in the later stage, and further solving the problem of bubbles and voids that are easily generated during the casting of materials in the prefabricated formwork.

[0016] 3. The present invention also provides additional power for concrete vibration through the ingenious coordination of the bent connecting handle, spring clip and fixed column. When the hydrofoil plate moves up or down due to lift, the bent connecting handle is driven to deflect, causing the spring clip and the fixed column to penetrate the side wall of the opening to produce a cyclic action of extrusion and rebound. In this process, the elastic deformation of the spring clip not only forms a damping effect, prolonging the disturbance time of the hydrofoil plate on the material, but also generates high-frequency elastic impact force to shear and stir the concrete. Compared with traditional vibration methods, the wave disturbance structure can more finely break the bubbles inside the concrete, especially for areas where bubbles are prone to accumulate, such as the corners of rectangular ditches, effectively improving the density of the concrete and enhancing the strength of the ditch structure.

[0017] 4. The present invention also realizes adaptive adjustment of the pouring process through the dynamic correlation between the lift of the hydrofoil plate and the material flow rate. When the hydrofoil plate rises, it drives the displacement plate to trigger the wave shift structure, and the elastic wave member stores and releases potential energy to enhance the material stirring effect; when the heat of cement hydration causes the temperature to rise to above 60°C, the nickel-titanium alloy corrugated folding sleeve undergoes phase change and shrinkage, releasing the constraint on the fixed column, realizing its automatic floating, and the floating of the fixed column serves as a prompt signal that the pouring is completed. In conjunction with the transparent observation window or alarm on the top cover, the pouring progress can be accurately controlled to avoid insufficient or excessive materials, thereby improving construction efficiency and quality stability.

[0018] 5. The present invention also achieves functional integration through mechanical linkage: when the floating and sinking plates rise, the positioning gear is engaged in the rack groove under the action of the one-way bearing, and the electric telescopic rod pulls the lifting frame to synchronously lift the floating and sinking plates to create space for the top sealing plate; the sealing can be completed after the top pressure plate is inserted, and the entire process does not require frequent manual intervention. This design connects the processes of laying, vibrating, limiting, and sealing in series, reducing the connection time of the construction links and the complexity of manual operation. It is particularly suitable for the batch prefabrication of tunnel ditches, significantly shortening the construction period and improving the efficiency of large-scale construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the present invention in which the top cover template and the outer frame template are removed; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the floating and sinking plate in the present invention; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the fixed column and the hydrofoil plate in the present invention; Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the storage structure in the present invention; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the wave disturbance structure in the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the half-section structure of the floating and sinking plate part of the present invention; Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the separation structure; Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the structure of the wave shift structure in the present invention; Figure 10 It is a structural schematic diagram of the lifting frame in the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a half-section structure of the lifting frame of the present invention; Figure 12 For the present invention Figure 11 A magnified view of the structure at center A; Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the connection structure of the sliding plate in the present invention.

[0020] Description of the numbers in the figure: 1. Bottom formwork; 2. Inner frame formwork; 3. Outer frame formwork; 4. Outer sealing formwork; 5. Top cover formwork; 6. Floating plate; 7. Feed port; 8. Guide plate; 9. Fixing column; 10. Hydrofoil; 101. Front lift wing; 102. Rear wing; 11. Wave disturbance structure; 12. Displacement plate; 13. Wave shift structure; 14. Storage structure; 15. Rack groove; 16. Lifting frame; 17. Electric telescopic rod; 18. Sliding plate; 19. Positioning gear; 20. Spring; 21. Ejector block; 22. Top pressure plate 111. Bent connecting handle; 112. Head; 113. Spring piece; 131. Wave stirring rod; 132. Wave stirring blade; 133. Outer sleeve; 134. Limiting ring; 135. Wave element; 1351. Fixed side; 1352. Extrusion slope; 136. Extrusion tip; 141. Corrugated folding sleeve; 142. Spring stopper; 143. Round plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] like Figures 1 to 13As shown, the present invention relates to an adaptive prefabricated template for a rectangular ditch in a tunnel, comprising a bottom template 1, an inner frame formwork 2 is installed in the inner area of ​​the top of the bottom template 1, outer frame templates 3 are fixed on both sides of the top of the bottom template 1, and both sides of the outer frame template 3 are connected to outer sealing templates 4. A top cover template 5 is arranged between the top of the outer frame template 3 and the outer sealing template 4. The bottom template 1, the inner frame formwork 2, the outer frame template 3, the outer sealing template 4 and the top cover template 5 form a closed template. The outer frame template 3 and the top cover template 5 are fixed by bolts. When the outer frame template 3 and the top cover template 5 are removed, demoulding can be completed. The top cover template 5 can be installed with transparent glass for easy observation. A molding cavity is arranged between the outer frame template 3 and the outer sealing template 4, and floating and sinking plates 6 are adapted to be arranged on both sides of the molding cavity. The floating and sinking plates 6 A feed port 7 is provided in the center, and a feed pipe is installed at the position of the feed port 7 at the top cover template 5. A guide plate 8 for guiding the flow to both sides is provided for sliding inside the feed port 7. The guide plate 8 has a herringbone cross-section. When the logistics are input, the material will impact the guide plate 8, and cooperate with the slope to make the material flow to both sides. A plurality of fixed columns 9 are provided on both sides of the bottom of the floating and sinking plate 6. A hydrofoil plate 10 is provided at the bottom of the fixed column 9. The cross-sectional thickness of the two ends of the hydrofoil plate 10 is different. The hydrofoil plate 10 is composed of a lift front wing 101 and a rear wing 102. The thickness of the lift front wing 101 is greater than that of the rear wing 102. The lift front wing 101 of the hydrofoil plate 10 is close to the guide plate 8 and is in an upward angle position. The fluid flow rate on the upper surface of the hydrofoil plate 10 is greater than the flow rate on the lower surface. The fixed column 9 and the floating and sinking plate 6 are made of floatable material.

[0022] Working principle: When the concrete material is injected into the feed port 7 through the feed pipe of the top cover formwork 5, the high-speed material flow impacts the guide plate 8 with a herringbone cross-section. The material needs to be input intermittently. The slope design of the guide plate 8 decomposes the vertical impact force into horizontal components to both sides, forcing the material to diffuse and flow along both sides of the molding cavity to achieve initial uniform distribution. The hydrofoil 10 at the bottom of the floating plate 6 is composed of a lift front wing 101 and a rear wing 102, and the cross-section is an airfoil (thick in front and thin in the back). When the material flows through the upper surface of the hydrofoil 10, a narrow flow channel is formed due to the bulge of the front wing, and the flow velocity increases; the lower surface is a smooth curved surface with a lower flow velocity. According to the Bernoulli equation, the static pressure of the fluid on the upper surface is lower than that on the lower surface, generating an upward The lift pushes the floating and sinking plate 6 upward, and the lift of the hydrofoil plate 10 overcomes the deadweight of the floating and sinking plate 6 and the material resistance, driving the hydrofoil plate 10 to rise. At this time, the fixed column 9 moves upward accordingly, squeezing the material in the molding cavity and causing the bubbles to migrate to the surface. When the floating and sinking plate 6 rises, the hydrofoil plate 10 enters the material sparse area. At this time, the material is input again, the flow velocity difference between the upper and lower surfaces decreases, and the lift decays to less than its own weight. It sinks again under the impact of gravity and material input. The rear wing 102 of the hydrofoil plate 10 first contacts the high-density material, and the flow velocity on the lower surface suddenly increases, generating a short-term downward resistance, forming a vibration effect. The hydrofoil plate 10 at the bottom of the fixed column 9 rubs against the material, driving the floating and sinking plate 6 to swing slightly, thereby achieving secondary stirring of the material.

[0023] When the material is intermittently input, the hydrofoil plate 10 generates periodic lift due to the change in flow velocity, driving the floating plate 6 to reciprocate. During this process, the flow velocity difference between the upper and lower surfaces of the hydrofoil plate 10 changes periodically, causing the floating plate 6 to produce a "rise-squeeze-fall-vibration" cycle, similar to the vibrator effect.

[0024] The herringbone guide of the guide plate 8 causes the material to fill to both sides first, and then the floating plate 6 stirs and forces the material to flow back to the center, forming a circular flow. The reciprocating motion of the hydrofoil plate 10 generates a three-dimensional vortex in the molding cavity, especially for the corner areas of the rectangular ditch (which are prone to bubbles). Directional vibration is achieved.

[0025] To assist agitation, increase turbulence capability, and further reduce the generation of bubbles and voids.

[0026] The bottom end of the fixed column 9 is rotatably connected to the top of the hydrofoil plate 10. A through-hole is opened on the fixed column 9, and a wave disturbance structure 11 is arranged inside the through-hole. The wave disturbance structure 11 includes a bent connecting handle 111. One end of the bent connecting handle 111 is fixed to the top of the hydrofoil plate 10, and the other end of the bent connecting handle 111 passes through the through-hole and is connected to a head 112. Both sides of the outer periphery of the bent connecting handle 111 are connected with spring pieces 113. The spring pieces 113 are convexly curved and are tightly attached to one side of the through-hole. The spring pieces 113 are made of elastic material.

[0027] Working principle: When the hydrofoil plate 10 moves upward due to lift, the material flow impacts the lift front wing 101, causing the hydrofoil plate 10 to deflect toward the guide plate 8. At this time, the bent handle 111 drives the spring 113 to squeeze toward one side of the through-hole, storing elastic potential energy. The friction between the spring 113 and the hole wall hinders the deflection, forming a damping effect, prolonging the deflection time of the hydrofoil plate 10, and enhancing the shear disturbance of the material. When the hydrofoil plate 10 descends, the rear wing 102 contacts the material first, generating a reverse impact force to cause the hydrofoil plate 10 to deflect to the other side. At this time, the spring 113 releases potential energy and reversely squeezes the other side of the through-hole, forming a "squeeze-rebound-reverse extrusion" cycle. The reciprocating deformation frequency of the spring 113 and the vibration of the hydrofoil plate 10 generate periodic elastic impact force.

[0028] In order to further utilize the power of the hydrofoil plate 10, the stirring capacity is increased and the generation of bubbles and gaps is reduced.

[0029] A displacement plate 12 is provided on the top of the fixed column 9, and a sliding block and a sliding groove are respectively provided between the displacement plate 12 and the floating and sinking plate 6. The sliding block and the sliding groove are for limited sliding. A wave displacement structure 13 is provided on one side of the displacement plate 12. The wave displacement structure 13 includes a wave stirring rod 131. A plurality of wave stirring blades 132 are installed at the bottom end of the wave stirring rod 131. A jacket 133 is provided on the periphery of the wave stirring blade 132. The jacket 133 and the floating and sinking plate 6 are limited and slided. A limiting ring 134 fixed to the floating and sinking plate 6 is provided at the bottom of the jacket 133, and a wave-wave part 135 made of elastic metal is provided on one side of the jacket 133.

[0030] The undulating member 135 consists of a fixed side 1351 and an extrusion slope 1352. The fixed side 1351 is fixed to the floating plate 6. The extrusion slope 1352 is an arc-shaped slope. An extrusion tip 136 connected to the displacement plate 12 is provided on one side of the undulating member 135. The extrusion tip 136 is in close contact with the extrusion slope 1352.

[0031] Working principle: When the concrete material is diverted to both sides through the guide plate 8, the hydrofoil plate 10 is driven by the lift to drive the floating plate 6 to move upward. The floating plate 6 realizes limited sliding in the limiting direction through the sliding block and the sliding groove of the displacement plate 12 to ensure the displacement accuracy. At this time, the extrusion tip 136 fixed on the displacement plate 12 slides upward along the arc-shaped extrusion slope 1352 of the wave member 135, pushing the wave member 135 to produce elastic bending deformation, converting kinetic energy into elastic potential energy. At the same time, the outer sleeve 133 drives multiple wave stirring blades 132 to move upward. When the hydrofoil plate 10 is attenuated due to the lift, the wave member 135 rebounds quickly under the action of the elastic restoring force, pushing the extrusion tip 136 to slide in the opposite direction, and the multiple wave stirring blades 132 then drop to stir and cut again.

[0032] In order to further facilitate the storage of the hydrofoil board 10 and facilitate subsequent sorting.

[0033] A hollow cavity is provided inside the displacement plate 12, and a storage structure 14 is provided on the periphery of the fixed column 9. The storage structure 14 consists of a corrugated folding sleeve 141 and a spring-stop piece 142. The corrugated folding sleeve 141 is in a multi-corrugated folding form. The corrugated folding sleeve 141 is made of a material that deforms due to heat. The corrugated folding sleeve 141 can be a nickel-titanium (Ti-Ni) alloy. The spring-stop piece 142 is connected to the crest position of the corrugated folding sleeve 141. The spring-stop piece 142 is made of an elastic material. A circular plate 143 is connected to the top of the fixed column 9. The diameter of the spring-stop piece 142 is larger than the hollow cavity. Together with the circular plate 143, it can play a role in limiting and positioning.

[0034] Working principle: When the material is input to a certain level (such as Figure 2state), when the cement hydration releases heat and the internal temperature of the template rises to above 60°C, the nickel-titanium alloy corrugated folding sleeve 141 undergoes martensite to austenite transformation due to the shape memory effect, resulting in an internal contraction state change. After the constraint is released, the hydrofoil plate 10 drives the fixed column 9 to float up under the action of the concrete buoyancy. After floating to a certain extent, there is no longer contact and it can be restored again, so that the bottommost elastic block piece 142 is restored to produce a constrained state. At the same time, the floating of the fixed column 9 and the transparent part of the top cover template 5 are observed, which also serves as a reminder that the feeding is about to be completed. A press-type alarm device can also be installed above the fixed column 9 to improve the warning effect.

[0035] In order to facilitate the sealing of the top, parts such as the hydrofoil plate 10 are prevented from affecting the forming.

[0036] A plurality of rack grooves 15 are provided on one side of the floating and sinking plate 6, and a lifting frame 16 is provided between the plurality of rack grooves 15. An electric telescopic rod 17 is connected between the lifting frame 16 and the top cover template 5. A sliding plate 18 is provided inside the floating and sinking plate 6. The sliding plate 18 and the floating and sinking plate 6 are limited sliding, and the limited sliding direction is horizontal to the length direction of the floating and sinking plate 6. A positioning gear 19 is connected to one side of the sliding plate 18 through a one-way bearing. A spring 20 and a top block 21 are provided on one side of the sliding plate 18. The top block 21 and the floating and sinking plate 6 are also limited sliding, and the limited sliding direction is perpendicular to the length direction of the floating and sinking plate 6. A top pressure plate 22 is provided on one side of the outer frame template 3.

[0037] Working principle: When the floating plate 6 rises to a certain level (such as Figure 2 ), under the action of the one-way bearing, the positioning gear 19 will rotate freely. After the positioning gear 19 is stuck in the rack groove 15, the electric telescopic rod 17 runs, pulling the lifting frame 16 to rise. At this time, the one-way bearing is in the limited rotation direction, that is, the positioning gear 19 will not rotate, further pulling the floating plate 6 and the lifting frame 16 to rise, and then continuously inputting a certain amount of material. At this time, the pressing plate 22 is inserted to complete the sealing and wait for solidification.

[0038] The construction process of the adaptive prefabricated formwork for the rectangular ditch of the tunnel is as follows; Formwork Assembly: Place the bottom formwork 1 on a flat work surface, install the inner frame formwork 2, secure the outer frame formwork 3 to both sides of the top of the bottom formwork 1, connect the outer sealing formwork 4, and cover the top with the top cover formwork 5. Tighten with bolts to form a closed molding cavity. Install the feed pipe at the feed port 7 of the top cover formwork 5, and check the sealing and connection stability of each component.

[0039] Concrete pouring: Concrete is intermittently injected into the feed port 7 through the feed pipe. The high-speed material flow impacts the herringbone guide plate 8, spreading the material to both sides of the forming cavity. The hydrofoil 10, affected by the material flow, generates lift, driving the buoyancy plate 6 and fixed column 9 upward, squeezing the material and causing bubbles to move upward. When the buoyancy plate rises to a sparse material area, the lift diminishes, and the plate sinks under the impact of gravity and the newly injected material. The hydrofoil's rear wing 102 contacts the material, causing vibration, which drives the buoyancy plate to swing slightly, achieving secondary agitation.

[0040] Auxiliary vibration: When the hydrofoil plate 10 is lifted or lowered, the spring piece 113 of the wave disturbance structure 11 is compressed, deformed, and rebounds, thereby enhancing the shear disturbance of the material. At the same time, the wave moving part 135 of the wave displacement structure 13 is elastically deformed when the floating plate 6 is lifted or lowered, driving the wave stirring rod 131 and the wave stirring blade 132 to stir and cut up and down, thereby further reducing bubbles and gaps.

[0041] Storage of the hydrofoil plate: After the concrete is poured to a certain extent, the heat released by cement hydration causes the temperature inside the template to rise to above 60°C, the nickel-titanium alloy corrugated folding sleeve 141 of the storage structure 14 contracts, and the spring block 142 releases the constraint on the fixed column 9. The hydrofoil plate 10 floats up under the action of buoyancy, and the circular plate 143 on the top of the fixed column 9 cooperates with the displacement plate 12 to limit the position, indicating that the material feeding is about to be completed.

[0042] Top closure: The floating plate 6 rises to the predetermined position, the positioning gear 19 is engaged in the rack groove 15 under the action of the one-way bearing, the electric telescopic rod 17 is started to pull the lifting frame 16 and the floating plate 6 to continue to rise, and then the top plate 22 is inserted to close the top, waiting for the concrete to solidify and form.

[0043] Demolding: After the concrete reaches the demoulding strength, remove the connecting bolts between the top cover formwork 5 and the outer frame formwork 3, remove the top cover formwork 5, outer frame formwork 3, and outer sealing formwork 4 in turn, take out the prefabricated tunnel rectangular ditch components, clean the various parts of the formwork, and prepare for next use.

[0044] The embodiments disclosed in the present invention are preferred embodiments, but are not limited to them. Ordinary technicians in this field can easily understand the spirit of the present invention based on the above embodiments and make different extensions and changes. As long as they do not deviate from the spirit of the present invention, they are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-adaptive prefabricated template for a rectangular tunnel ditch, characterized in that: The bottom template (1) comprises an inner frame mold shell (2) installed on the inner area of ​​the top of the bottom template (1), outer frame templates (3) are fixed on both sides of the top of the bottom template (1), both sides of the outer frame template (3) are connected to the outer sealing template (4), a top cover template (5) is provided between the top of the outer frame template (3) and the outer sealing template (4), and a molding cavity is provided between the outer frame template (3) and the outer sealing template (4); The molding cavity is adapted to be provided with floating and sinking plates (6) on both sides, a feed port (7) is provided at the center of the floating and sinking plates (6), a guide plate (8) for guiding flow to both sides is provided inside the feed port (7), a plurality of fixed columns (9) are provided on both sides of the bottom of the floating and sinking plates (6), a hydrofoil plate (10) is provided at the bottom of the fixed columns (9), the cross-sectional thicknesses of the two ends of the hydrofoil plate (10) are different, the end with the thicker cross-sectional area of ​​the hydrofoil plate (10) is close to the guide plate (8) and is at an upward angle position, and the fluid flow rate on the upper surface of the hydrofoil plate (10) is greater than the flow rate on the lower surface.

2. The adaptive prefabricated template for a rectangular tunnel ditch according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The hydrofoil plate (10) is composed of a front lift wing (101) and a rear wing (102), and the thickness of the front lift wing (101) is greater than that of the rear wing (102).

3. The adaptive prefabricated template for a rectangular tunnel ditch according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The bottom end of the fixed column (9) is rotatably connected to the top of the hydrofoil plate (10), and a through-hole is provided on the fixed column (9), and a wave disturbance structure (11) is provided inside the through-hole.

4. The adaptive prefabricated template for a rectangular tunnel ditch according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The wave disturbance structure (11) includes a bent connecting handle (111), one end of the bent connecting handle (111) is fixed to the top of the hydrofoil plate (10), the other end of the bent connecting handle (111) passes through the through-hole and is connected to a head (112), and both sides of the outer periphery of the bent connecting handle (111) are connected to spring pieces (113), the spring pieces (113) are convex and tightly attached to one side of the through-hole, and the spring pieces (113) are made of elastic material.

5. The adaptive prefabricated template for rectangular trenches in tunnels according to claim 2 or 4, characterized in that: A displacement plate (12) is provided on the top of the fixed column (9), and a sliding block and a sliding groove are respectively provided between the displacement plate (12) and the floating plate (6), wherein the sliding block and the sliding groove are for limited sliding.

6. The adaptive prefabricated template for rectangular trenches in tunnels according to claim 5, characterized in that: A wave shift structure (13) is provided on one side of the displacement plate (12), and the wave shift structure (13) includes a wave stirring rod (131), and a plurality of wave stirring blades (132) are installed at the bottom end of the wave stirring rod (131). The outer periphery of the wave stirring blades (132) is provided with a jacket (133), and the jacket (133) slides with the floating plate (6) in a limited manner. A limiting ring (134) fixed to the floating plate (6) is provided at the bottom of the jacket (133), and a wave moving part (135) made of elastic metal is provided on one side of the jacket (133).

7. The adaptive prefabricated template for rectangular trenches in tunnels according to claim 6, characterized in that: The undulating member (135) is composed of a fixed side (1351) and an extrusion slope (1352). The fixed side (1351) is fixed to the floating plate (6). The extrusion slope (1352) is an arc-shaped slope. An extrusion tip (136) connected to the displacement plate (12) is provided on one side of the undulating member (135). The extrusion tip (136) is in close contact with the extrusion slope (1352).

8. The adaptive prefabricated template for rectangular trenches in tunnels according to claim 5, characterized in that: A hollow cavity is provided inside the displacement plate (12), and a receiving structure (14) is provided on the periphery of the fixed column (9). The receiving structure (14) is composed of a corrugated folding sleeve (141) and a spring-stop sheet (142). The corrugated folding sleeve (141) is in a multi-corrugated folding form. The corrugated folding sleeve (141) is made of a material that deforms when heated. The spring-stop sheet (142) is connected to the crest position of the corrugated folding sleeve (141). The spring-stop sheet (142) is made of an elastic material. A circular plate (143) is connected to the top of the fixed column (9).

9. The adaptive prefabricated template for rectangular trenches in tunnels according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of rack grooves (15) are provided on one side of the floating plate (6), a lifting frame (16) is provided between the plurality of rack grooves (15), an electric telescopic rod (17) is connected between the lifting frame (16) and the top cover template (5), a sliding plate (18) is provided inside the floating plate (6), one side of the sliding plate (18) is connected to a positioning gear (19) through a one-way bearing, a spring (20) and a top block (21) are provided on one side of the sliding plate (18), and a top pressure plate (22) is provided on one side of the outer frame template (3).

10. A construction process using a tunnel rectangular ditch adaptive prefabricated formwork according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Install the bottom template, inner frame formwork, outer frame template, outer sealing template and top cover template, fix them with bolts to form a closed cavity, and install the material conveying pipeline on the top cover template; S2. Concrete is intermittently injected into the feed port. The guide plate is used to distribute the material. The hydrofoil plate drives the floating plate to automatically rise and fall and swing in the material to achieve mixing and vibration. At the same time, the wave disturbance structure and wave shift structure help reduce bubbles. S3. After the cement is hydrated and heated, the storage structure automatically releases its constraints, allowing the hydrofoil to float up, indicating that the pouring is nearly complete. After the floating plate rises into place, the electric telescopic rod drives it to move further upward and insert the top plate to seal the top. S4. After the concrete solidifies to the standard, remove the bolts, take down each formwork component in turn, take out the prefabricated parts and clean the formwork.

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