Recovery method and recovery device for vehicle fuel cell performance and vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses a vehicle fuel cell performance recovery method, a vehicle fuel cell performance recovery device and a vehicle. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring the attenuation rate of a target fuel cell; comparing the attenuation rate with a preset attenuation rate to obtain a comparison result; a control instruction set is generated based on the comparison result, the control instruction set is used for controlling the target fuel cell to execute a recovery strategy, and the recovery strategy comprises at least one of a first strategy for discharging by adjusting the load pulling rate, a second strategy for discharging by adjusting the load reducing rate and a third strategy for adjusting the excess coefficient of the gas in the discharging process. According to the invention, the technical problems of complex process, long time consumption and narrow applicability of the fuel cell performance recovery method in the prior art are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular to a method and device for recovering the performance of a vehicle fuel cell, and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] The fuel cell stack is the core component of the fuel cell, and its performance directly affects the efficiency, stability and life of the entire system. As the operating time increases, the fuel cell stack may experience performance degradation due to problems such as material aging, catalyst poisoning, water management imbalance, and insufficient gas supply.

[0003] At present, the following scientific methods can be used to repair or delay performance degradation and ensure the efficient, safe and long-term operation of fuel cells: First, high-humidity discharge recovery and rapid load recovery are used to solve the performance degradation problem, but this takes a long time to achieve performance recovery and cannot meet the needs of rapid response; second, the performance of the fuel cell is restored by an external DC power supply and deionized water. This method has poor adaptability to the vehicle environment and is not suitable for actual vehicle application scenarios; third, performance recovery is performed through multi-stage discharge, but the process is complicated and the recovery effect is unstable, making it difficult to be widely promoted in practical applications.

[0004] Currently, no effective solution has been proposed to the technical problems of fuel cell performance recovery methods in the prior art, such as complex processes, long time consumption, and narrow applicability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The embodiments of the present invention provide a method, a recovery device, and a vehicle for recovering the performance of a vehicle fuel cell, so as to at least solve the technical problems of the prior art fuel cell performance recovery method, such as the complex process, long time consumption, and narrow applicability.

[0006] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a method for recovering the performance of a vehicle fuel cell is provided, comprising: obtaining a decay rate of a target fuel cell; comparing the decay rate with a preset decay rate to obtain a comparison result; generating a control instruction set based on the comparison result, the control instruction set being used to control the target fuel cell to execute a recovery strategy, the recovery strategy comprising at least one of the following: a first strategy for adjusting the load rate for discharge, a second strategy for adjusting the load reduction rate for discharge, and a third strategy for adjusting the excess coefficient of gas during discharge.

[0007] Furthermore, a control instruction set is generated based on the comparison result, including: when the decay rate is less than a first preset decay rate, generating a first target control instruction in the control instruction set, wherein the first target control instruction is used to control the target fuel cell to execute the first strategy and the second strategy.

[0008] Furthermore, the first target control instruction is used to control the target fuel cell to execute the first strategy and the second strategy, including: loading the target fuel cell to a first current density at a first loading rate for discharge; reducing the current density of the target fuel cell from the first current density to a second current density at a first deloading rate for discharge; and reducing the current density of the target fuel cell from the second current density to zero at a second deloading rate.

[0009] Furthermore, a control instruction set is generated based on the comparison result, including: when the decay rate is greater than or equal to the first preset decay rate, generating a second target control instruction in the control instruction set, wherein the second target control instruction is used to control the target fuel cell to execute the first strategy, the second strategy and the third strategy.

[0010] Furthermore, a control instruction set is generated based on the comparison result, including: when the decay rate is greater than or equal to the first preset decay rate, determining whether the decay rate is greater than or equal to the second preset decay rate; if not, generating a third target control instruction in the control instruction set, wherein the third target control instruction includes: loading the target fuel cell to a third current density at a second loading rate for discharge, the second loading rate being less than the first loading rate; adjusting the excess coefficient of the cathode gas at the third current density of the target fuel cell so that the target fuel cell is in an under-empty state; adjusting the excess coefficient of the cathode gas at the third current density of the target fuel cell so that the target fuel cell recovers from the under-empty state to a normal state; reducing the current density of the target fuel cell from the third current density to a fourth current density at a third de-loading rate for discharge; adjusting the excess coefficient of the cathode gas at the fourth current density of the target fuel cell so that the target fuel cell is in an under-empty state; reducing the current density of the target fuel cell from the fourth current density to zero at a fourth de-loading rate.

[0011] Furthermore, a control instruction set is generated based on the comparison result, including: when the decay rate is greater than the second preset decay rate, generating a fourth target control instruction in the control instruction set, wherein the fourth target control instruction includes: loading the target fuel cell to a fifth current density at a third loading rate for discharge, the third loading rate being less than the first loading rate; the target fuel cell adjusts the excess coefficient of the cathode gas at the fifth current density so that the target fuel cell is in an under-empty state; the target fuel cell adjusts the excess coefficient of the cathode gas at the fifth current density so that the target fuel cell recovers from the under-empty state to a normal state; the current density of the target fuel cell is reduced from the fifth current density to the sixth current density at a fifth de-load rate for discharge; the target fuel cell adjusts the excess coefficient of the cathode gas at the sixth current density so that the target fuel cell is in an under-empty state; stopping the discharge of the target fuel cell and stopping the supply of oxygen or air to the cathode of the target fuel cell, while maintaining the supply of hydrogen to the cathode of the target fuel cell; re-supplying oxygen or air to the cathode of the target fuel cell and loading the target fuel cell to a seventh current density at the fourth loading rate for discharge.

[0012] Furthermore, when the decay rate is greater than the second preset decay rate, a fourth target control instruction in the control instruction set is generated, wherein the fourth target control instruction includes: during the discharge process of the target fuel cell, adjusting the excess coefficient of the cathode gas and adjusting the supply of the cathode gas, so that the target fuel cell is in a circulating under-empty state and a circulating hydrogen soaked state.

[0013] Furthermore, during the discharge process of the target fuel cell, gas is supplied to the target fuel cell, and the relative humidity of the gas is greater than or equal to 50%.

[0014] According to another aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a device for recovering the performance of a vehicle fuel cell is also provided, including: an acquisition module, the acquisition module is used to obtain the decay rate of a target fuel cell; a comparison module, the comparison module is used to compare the decay rate with a preset decay rate to obtain a comparison result; a generation module, the generation module is used to generate a control instruction set based on the comparison result, the control instruction set is used to control the target fuel cell to execute a recovery strategy, the recovery strategy including at least one of the following: a first strategy for adjusting the load rate for discharge, a second strategy for adjusting the load reduction rate for discharge, and a third strategy for adjusting the excess coefficient of gas during discharge.

[0015] According to another aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a vehicle is provided. The vehicle includes a vehicle fuel cell, and the vehicle fuel cell recovers its performance using the above recovery method.

[0016] In an embodiment of the present invention, by acquiring the attenuation rate of the target fuel cell in real time, the degree of current fuel cell performance degradation can be quickly determined, and the corresponding recovery strategy can be matched according to the attenuation rate. Compared with the "one-size-fits-all" recovery method in the prior art, different recovery strategies can be used for different attenuation degrees, that is, the operation process of the recovery method is simplified in a targeted manner, so that the target fuel cell can restore its performance in a short time, that is, the operation time of the recovery method is shortened; wherein, the recovery strategy does not need to rely on an external DC power supply or special humidification equipment, and is more suitable for the restrictive conditions of the vehicle environment, that is, the scope of application of the recovery method is expanded. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of this application. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0018] Figure 1 This is a hardware structure block diagram of a computer terminal (or mobile device) for implementing a method for recovering the performance of a vehicle fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 is a flow chart of a method for restoring performance of a vehicle fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 is a flow chart of another method for recovering the performance of a vehicle fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a device for recovering the performance of a fuel cell for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the description and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the numbers used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present invention described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an embodiment of a method for recovering the performance of a vehicle fuel cell is provided. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart of the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions, and although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in an order different from that shown here.

[0026] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a hardware structure block diagram of a computer terminal (or mobile device) for implementing a method for restoring the performance of a vehicle fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the computer terminal (or mobile device) may include one or more processors 102 (the processor may include but is not limited to a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a digital signal processing (DSP) chip, a microprocessor (MCU), a field-programmable logic device (FPGA), a neural network processor (NPU), a tensor processing unit (TPU), an artificial intelligence (AI) type processor, etc.) and a memory 104 for storing data. In addition, it may also include a transmission device 106 for communication functions, an input and output device 108, and a display 110. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that Figure 1 The structure shown is for illustration only and does not limit the structure of the computer terminal (or mobile device). For example, the computer terminal may include more or fewer components than those described above, or have a configuration different from that described above.

[0027] The memory 104 can be used to store computer programs, for example, software programs and modules of application software, such as the computer program corresponding to the method for recovering the performance of a vehicle fuel cell in an embodiment of the present invention. The processor 102 executes various functional applications and data processing by running the computer program stored in the memory 104, that is, implements the above-mentioned method for recovering the performance of a vehicle fuel cell. The memory 104 may include a high-speed random access memory and may also include a non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic storage devices, flash memory, or other non-volatile solid-state memory. In some examples, the memory 104 may further include a memory remotely located relative to the processor 102, and these remote memories may be connected to the mobile terminal via a network. Examples of the above-mentioned network include, but are not limited to, the Internet, an intranet, a local area network, a mobile communication network, and combinations thereof.

[0028] The transmission device 106 is used to receive or send data via a network. A specific example of the aforementioned network may include a wireless network provided by the mobile terminal's communications provider. In one embodiment, the transmission device 106 includes a network interface controller (NIC), which can be connected to other network devices via a base station to enable communication with the Internet. In another embodiment, the transmission device 106 may be a radio frequency (RF) module, which is used to communicate with the Internet wirelessly.

[0029] The display 110 may be a touch screen liquid crystal display (LCD). The LCD may enable a user to interact with a user interface of the mobile terminal. In some embodiments, the mobile terminal may include a graphical user interface (GUI), and a user may interact with the GUI by finger contact and / or gestures on a touch-sensitive surface. The human-computer interaction functions herein may optionally include the following interactions: creating web pages, drawing, word processing, creating electronic documents, gaming, video conferencing, instant messaging, sending and receiving emails, call interfaces, playing digital videos, playing digital music, and / or web browsing. Executable instructions for performing the above human-computer interaction functions are configured / stored in a computer program product or readable storage medium executable by one or more processors.

[0030] Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for restoring the performance of a vehicle fuel cell according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, the process includes the following steps:

[0031] Step S1: Obtaining the decay rate of the target fuel cell.

[0032] Specifically, the decay rate can be calculated based on the output power density, energy conversion efficiency, or operating voltage of the target fuel cell. Taking operating voltage as an example, the calculation module obtains the real-time operating voltage Vt of the target fuel cell and calculates the decay rate based on the real-time operating voltage Vt, the initial operating voltage V0, and the operating time T, where decay rate = (V0-Vt) / V0 / T.

[0033] Step S2: Compare the decay rate with the preset decay rate to obtain a comparison result.

[0034] Specifically, the preset attenuation rate is calibrated according to actual needs. Generally speaking, the preset attenuation rate is set based on multiple tests.

[0035] Step S3: Generate a control instruction set based on the comparison result, and the control instruction set is used to control the target fuel cell to execute a recovery strategy, and the recovery strategy includes at least one of the following: a first strategy of adjusting the load rate for discharge, a second strategy of adjusting the load reduction rate for discharge, and a third strategy of adjusting the excess coefficient of gas during discharge.

[0036] Specifically, different strategies are matched according to different decay rates, that is, the first strategy, the second strategy and the third strategy are used in combination according to different decay rates, and corresponding parameters in different strategies are adjusted according to different decay rates.

[0037] In an embodiment of the present application, by acquiring the attenuation rate of the target fuel cell in real time, the degree of current fuel cell performance degradation can be quickly determined, and the corresponding recovery strategy can be matched according to the attenuation rate. Compared with the "one-size-fits-all" recovery method in the prior art, different recovery strategies can be used for different attenuation degrees, that is, the operation process of the recovery method is simplified in a targeted manner, so that the target fuel cell can restore its performance in a short time, that is, the operation time of the recovery method is shortened; wherein, the recovery strategy does not need to rely on an external DC power supply or special humidification equipment, and is more suitable for the restrictive conditions of the vehicle environment, that is, the scope of application of the recovery method is expanded.

[0038] In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, Figure 3 As shown, in step S3, a control instruction set is generated based on the comparison result, including the following steps:

[0039] Step S31: when the decay rate is less than a first preset decay rate, generating a first target control instruction in the control instruction set, wherein the first target control instruction is used to control the target fuel cell to execute the first strategy and the second strategy.

[0040] In the embodiments of the present application, a situation where the decay rate is less than the first preset decay rate is equivalent to a situation where the fuel cell performance decay is relatively mild. For mild performance decay, by quickly adjusting the loading and unloading rates, the internal state of the battery can be quickly intervened to avoid further performance deterioration; wherein, adjusting the loading and unloading rates is equivalent to adjusting the current density, that is, using a current density regulation method to avoid potential damage to the battery caused by extreme conditions. Compared to the recovery strategy in cases of severe performance decay, this solution avoids unnecessary high-energy consumption operations through refined current regulation in cases of mild decay, saving resources and reducing energy loss, which has a positive effect on improving the vehicle's energy efficiency and extending its range.

[0041] Furthermore, the first target control instruction in step S31 is used to control the target fuel cell to execute the first strategy and the second strategy, including the following steps:

[0042] Step S311 : loading the target fuel cell to a first current density at a first loading rate for discharge.

[0043] Specifically, the target fuel cell is loaded to a first current density at a relatively high first loading rate, that is, the target fuel cell is quickly loaded to a high current density and maintained at the high current density for a period of time.

[0044] It should be noted that at high current densities, the intensity of the electrochemical reactions within the fuel cell increases, which helps accelerate the reduction and removal of oxides and other pollutants on the catalyst surface. Rapidly increasing the current density helps create sufficient kinetic conditions in a short period of time, prompting a more intense reaction between hydrogen and oxygen in the air on the catalyst surface, thereby removing these pollutants.

[0045] Step S312: reducing the current density of the target fuel cell from a first current density to a second current density at a first load reduction rate for discharge.

[0046] Specifically, after running at a high current density for a period of time, the current is gradually reduced to a lower level. This process can reduce the load on the battery while maintaining a certain electrochemical reaction, which helps to further optimize the internal conditions.

[0047] Step S313: reducing the current density of the target fuel cell from the second current density to zero at a second load reduction rate.

[0048] Among them, both load increase and load reduction are achieved by adjusting the electronic load outside the target fuel cell.

[0049] In a specific embodiment of the present application, the first preset decay rate is set to 2%. When the decay rate of the target fuel cell is less than 2%, the following recovery strategy is executed. The specific recovery steps are as follows:

[0050] Step 1.1: Supply high humidity gas to the anode and cathode of the target fuel cell respectively, turn on the electronic load, and establish an open circuit voltage.

[0051] Among them, the relative humidity of high-humidity air is 80% to 100%, and the relative humidity of high-humidity hydrogen is 80% to 100%; the inlet temperature of high-humidity air is 65 to 75°C, and the inlet temperature of high-humidity hydrogen is 65 to 75°C; the inlet pressure of high-humidity air is 30 to 50 kPa, and the inlet pressure of high-humidity hydrogen is 30 to 50 kPa; the open circuit voltage duration is not more than 10s.

[0052] Step 1.2: Load the target fuel cell to a high current density and operate it at this current density for a period of time.

[0053] The loading rate is 5-15A / s, preferably 10A / s; the maximum current density is 2.0A / cm 2 ~3.0A / cm 2 , preferably 2.5A / cm 2 The anode excess coefficient at high current density is 1.5 to 1.8, and the cathode excess coefficient is 1.5 to 2.0; the anode inlet pressure at high current density is 130 to 150 kPa, and the cathode inlet pressure is 130 to 150 kPa; the continuous loading time is 10 to 30 minutes, preferably 20 minutes;

[0054] Step 1.3: Reduce the load of the target fuel cell to a low current density and continue operating for a period of time.

[0055] The load reduction rate is 10-20A / s, preferably 15A / s; the low current density is 0.1A / cm 2 ~0.3A / cm 2 , preferably 0.2A / cm 2 The anode excess coefficient at low current density is 3-5, and the cathode excess coefficient is 3-5; the anode inlet pressure at low current density is 50-70 kPa, and the cathode inlet pressure is 30-50 kPa; the continuous loading time is 10-20 minutes;

[0056] Step 1.4: Reduce the target fuel cell load to 0A and turn off the electronic load.

[0057] Among them, the load reduction rate is 20~40A / s.

[0058] In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, a control instruction set is generated based on the comparison result in step S3, including: when the decay rate is greater than or equal to the first preset decay rate, generating a second target control instruction in the control instruction set, wherein the second target control instruction is used to control the target fuel cell to execute the first strategy, the second strategy and the third strategy.

[0059] In an embodiment of the present application, when the decay rate reaches or exceeds the first preset decay rate, it indicates that the battery performance has declined significantly, which may involve multiple decay factors, such as the activity loss of the catalyst layer, drying or damage of the membrane, and the decline in the kinetic efficiency of the electrochemical reaction. At this time, executing a comprehensive recovery method including the first strategy, the second strategy and the third strategy can solve these problems more comprehensively and effectively and improve battery performance.

[0060] Furthermore, in step S3, a control instruction set is generated based on the comparison result, such as Figure 3 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0061] Step S32: When the decay rate is greater than or equal to the first preset decay rate, determine whether the decay rate is greater than or equal to the second preset decay rate; if not, generate a third target control instruction in the control instruction set.

[0062] Specifically, the third target control instruction includes the following execution steps:

[0063] Step S321 : loading the target fuel cell to a third current density at a second loading rate for discharge, wherein the second loading rate is lower than the first loading rate.

[0064] Specifically, the target fuel cell is slowly loaded to a third current density, i.e., it is loaded to a high current density and maintained at that high current density for a period of time. This gradual loading strategy better adapts to the reaction kinetics of the catalyst layer and avoids catalyst damage or further loss of active sites due to rapid current changes.

[0065] It should be noted that at high current densities, the intensity of the electrochemical reactions within the fuel cell increases, which helps accelerate the reduction and removal of oxides and other pollutants on the catalyst surface. Rapidly increasing the current density helps create sufficient kinetic conditions in a short period of time, prompting a more intense reaction between hydrogen and oxygen in the air on the catalyst surface, thereby removing these pollutants.

[0066] Step S322: the target fuel cell adjusts the excess coefficient of the cathode gas at the third current density to put the target fuel cell in an under-filled state.

[0067] Specifically, by reducing the cathode gas excess coefficient, an under-filled environment can be created within the battery, thereby promoting the "hydrogen pump" effect, allowing more hydrogen to diffuse from the anode to the cathode, helping to remove the platinum oxide film, reducing charge transfer resistance, and improving battery efficiency. In the under-filled state, the cathode gas supply is reduced, which can improve the distribution balance of gas within the battery, avoid catalyst poisoning caused by excessive oxidation, and promote the efficient utilization of reactants.

[0068] Step S323: the target fuel cell adjusts the excess coefficient of the cathode gas at the third current density to restore the target fuel cell from the under-charged state to the normal state.

[0069] Specifically, recovering from an under-charged state to a normal state, i.e., adjusting the cathode gas excess coefficient to an appropriate range, helps the internal parts of the battery to recover to a stable and efficient working state, avoiding unstable performance caused by unbalanced gas supply.

[0070] Step S324: reducing the current density of the target fuel cell from the third current density to the fourth current density at a third load reduction rate for discharge.

[0071] Specifically, by operating at a lower current density, the electrochemical reaction conditions inside the battery can be further optimized, including moisture management, gas diffusion, etc., thereby creating a better internal environment for subsequent recovery steps.

[0072] Step S325: the target fuel cell adjusts the excess coefficient of the cathode gas at the fourth current density to put the target fuel cell in an under-filled state.

[0073] Specifically, re-entering the under-charge state at the fourth current density can further enhance the "hydrogen pump" effect and the cleaning process of the catalyst surface, ensure the cleanliness of the battery interior, and promote the effective contact and utilization of reactants.

[0074] Step S326 : reducing the current density of the target fuel cell from the fourth current density to zero at a fourth load reduction rate.

[0075] Specifically, reducing the current density to zero at the fourth load reduction rate ensures that the battery can stop discharging smoothly and safely at the end of the recovery process, avoiding internal instability of the battery that may be caused by current mutation.

[0076] In a specific embodiment of the present application, the first preset decay rate is set to 2%, and the second preset decay rate is set to 5%. When 2% ≤ the decay rate of the target fuel cell ≤ 5%, the following recovery strategy is executed. The specific recovery steps are as follows:

[0077] Step 2.1: Supply high-humidity air and hydrogen to the anode and cathode of the target fuel cell, respectively, slowly load the current to a high current density, and stabilize at this current density for a period of time.

[0078] The relative humidity of the high-humidity air is 80% to 100%, and the relative humidity of the high-humidity hydrogen is 80% to 100%; the inlet temperature of the high-humidity air is 65 to 75°C, and the inlet temperature of the high-humidity hydrogen is 65 to 75°C; the anode excess coefficient at high current density is 1.5 to 1.8, and the cathode excess coefficient is 1.5 to 2.0; the anode inlet pressure at high current density is 130 to 150 kPa, and the cathode inlet pressure is 130 to 150 kPa; the loading rate is 1 to 5 A / s, preferably 2 A / s; the high current density is 1.5 A / cm 2 ~2.5A / cm 2 , preferably 2.0 A / cm 2 ; The duration at high current density is 2 to 5 minutes.

[0079] Step 2.2: Maintain the high current density in step 2.1 and gradually reduce the excess coefficient of the cathode gas, and maintain it at the minimum excess coefficient for a period of time.

[0080] The minimum excess coefficient of the cathode is 1.0 to 1.2, preferably 1.1; the continuous current loading time under the minimum excess coefficient (ie, the duration of stable operation at a set current density) is 10 to 20 minutes.

[0081] Step 2.3: Maintain the high current density in step 2.1, restore the cathode excess coefficient to the normal excess coefficient, and stabilize it for a period of time.

[0082] The normal excess coefficient of the cathode is 1.5 to 2.0; the current load duration (i.e., the duration of stable operation at a set current density) is 30 to 90 seconds, preferably 60 seconds.

[0083] Step 2.4: Gradually reduce the load to a low current density and stabilize at this current density for a period of time.

[0084] Among them, the load reduction rate is 10~40A / s; the low current density is 0.05A / cm 2 ~0.15A / cm 2 , preferably 0.1A / cm 2 ; The anode excess coefficient at low current density is 3 to 8, and the anode excess coefficient at low current density is 3 to 8; the current load duration (i.e., the duration of stable operation at the set current density) is 1 to 3 minutes, preferably 2 minutes.

[0085] Step 2.5: Maintain the low current density in step 2.4 and gradually reduce the excess coefficient of the cathode gas, and maintain it at the minimum excess coefficient for a period of time.

[0086] Among them, the minimum cathode excess coefficient is 1.0-1.2, preferably 1.1; the current load duration under the minimum cathode excess coefficient (ie, the duration of stable operation at the set current density) is 20-40 minutes, preferably 30 minutes.

[0087] Step 2.6: Reduce the fuel cell load to 0A and turn off the electronic load.

[0088] Furthermore, in step S3, a control instruction set is generated based on the comparison result, such as Figure 3 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0089] Step S33: When the decay rate is greater than the second preset decay rate, a fourth target control instruction in the control instruction set is generated. The fourth target control instruction includes the following execution steps:

[0090] Step S331 : loading the target fuel cell to a fifth current density at a third loading rate for discharge, wherein the third loading rate is lower than the first loading rate.

[0091] Specifically, when the attenuation rate is high, the gentle current rise process helps to activate the electrochemical reaction inside the battery, especially the gentle increase in catalyst activity, avoiding overly drastic current changes from causing impact or damage to the internal structure of the battery, and ensuring the safety of subsequent recovery operations.

[0092] Step S332: the target fuel cell adjusts the excess coefficient of the cathode gas at the fifth current density to put the target fuel cell in an under-filled state.

[0093] Specifically, the under-charging state at the fifth current density enhances the "hydrogen pump" effect, further promoting the diffusion of hydrogen from the anode to the cathode, accelerating the removal of the platinum oxide film, and reducing the charge transfer impedance. By adjusting the cathode gas supply and optimizing the conditions for the electrochemical reaction, the under-charging operation helps restore the battery to its optimal operating state.

[0094] Step S333: the target fuel cell adjusts the excess coefficient of the cathode gas at the fifth current density to restore the target fuel cell from the under-charged state to the normal state.

[0095] Specifically, recovering from an under-gassing state to a normal gas excess coefficient helps adjust the reaction balance within the battery, ensuring the catalyst, reactant gases, and proton exchange membrane are in optimal working condition, thereby improving the efficiency and stability of the electrochemical reaction. This recovery process can avoid battery performance fluctuations that may be caused by under-gassing operations and ensure the consistency and continuity of battery performance recovery.

[0096] Step S334: reducing the current density of the target fuel cell from the fifth current density to the sixth current density at a fifth load reduction rate for discharge.

[0097] Specifically, reducing the current density to the sixth current density through the fifth load reduction rate helps further optimize the internal state of the battery, especially in terms of water management and gas distribution, and helps maintain a stable internal battery environment. Under lighter current loads, the reaction conditions within the battery are milder, helping to reduce energy consumption during the recovery process and mitigate the risks that may arise from current overload.

[0098] Step S335: the target fuel cell adjusts the excess coefficient of the cathode gas at the sixth current density to put the target fuel cell in an under-filled state.

[0099] Specifically, under-charging at the sixth current density further cleans and repairs the catalyst surface, helping to completely remove the platinum oxide film and creating conditions for full performance recovery. The "hydrogen pump" effect continues to operate during this phase, promoting hydrogen redistribution, optimizing the gas environment within the cell, and improving the efficiency of the electrochemical reaction.

[0100] Step S336: Stop discharging the target fuel cell, and stop supplying oxygen or air to the cathode of the target fuel cell, while keeping supplying hydrogen to the cathode of the target fuel cell.

[0101] Specifically, after discharging is stopped, only hydrogen is supplied to the cathode, without oxygen or air. This hydrogen soaking process helps further activate the catalyst, promotes deep cleaning of the catalyst surface, and hydrogen penetration and diffusion, which is particularly effective for removing deeper contaminants and restoring catalyst activity. Stopping the supply of oxygen or air to the cathode helps reduce residual oxygen on the cathode side, avoids unnecessary electrochemical reactions, and protects the battery from potential oxidation damage.

[0102] Step S337: resupplying oxygen or air to the cathode of the target fuel cell, and loading the target fuel cell to a seventh current density at a fourth loading rate for discharge.

[0103] Specifically, after hydrogen immersion repair is complete, oxygen or air is re-supplied and discharge is performed. This process not only helps consolidate the repair results of the previous stage, but also verifies the recovery of battery performance in real time. By increasing the battery current to the seventh current density through the fourth loading rate, operating parameters can be dynamically adjusted based on the battery's current recovery state, ensuring that the battery is ultimately restored to optimal operating condition.

[0104] From step S331 to step S337, first, the catalyst layer and membrane are fully wetted by high-humidity discharge, resulting in a decrease in ohmic impedance; secondly, the oxide on the catalyst surface is reduced by continuous loading; then, by under-filling at high and low current densities, a "hydrogen pump" effect is generated to reduce the Pt oxide, remove the platinum oxide film, and reduce the charge transfer impedance; finally, the catalytic activity of the catalyst is further stimulated by immersion in humidified hydrogen, thereby achieving performance recovery of the automotive fuel cell.

[0105] Furthermore, step S33 further includes:

[0106] Step S338: During the discharge process of the target fuel cell, the excess coefficient of the cathode gas and the supply of the cathode gas are adjusted to place the target fuel cell in a circulating under-empty state and a circulating hydrogen soaked state.

[0107] Specifically, the cyclic under-gas state and the cyclic hydrogen soaking state refer to repeating the above steps S332 to S337 multiple times. By alternating under-gas and hydrogen soaking, this strategy can fully restore battery performance for various degradation causes (such as decreased catalyst activity, damaged membrane performance, uneven gas distribution, etc.), ensuring that the battery returns to its optimal working state. The cyclic operation can accelerate the repair process inside the battery. Compared with a single recovery strategy, this method can more quickly remove contaminants, restore catalyst activity, and shorten the total time it takes for the battery to recover from severe performance degradation.

[0108] In a specific embodiment of the present application, the first preset decay rate is set to 2%, and the second preset decay rate is set to 5%. When the decay rate of the target fuel cell is greater than 5%, the following recovery strategy is executed. The specific recovery steps are as follows:

[0109] Step 3.1: Supply high-humidity air and hydrogen to the anode and cathode of the target fuel cell, respectively, slowly load the current to a high current density, and stabilize at this current density for a period of time.

[0110] The relative humidity of the high-humidity air is 80% to 100%, and the relative humidity of the high-humidity hydrogen is 80% to 100%; the inlet temperature of the high-humidity air is 65 to 75°C, and the inlet temperature of the high-humidity hydrogen is 65 to 75°C; the anode excess coefficient at high current density is 1.5 to 1.8, and the cathode excess coefficient is 1.5 to 2.0; the anode inlet pressure at high current density is 130 to 150 kPa, and the cathode inlet pressure is 130 to 150 kPa; the current loading rate of the slow loading is 0.01 to 1 A / s, preferably 0.5 A / s; the high current density is 1.5 A / cm 2 ~2.5A / cm 2 , preferably 2.0 A / cm 2 ; The continuous loading time is 120 to 300 seconds, preferably 180 seconds.

[0111] Step 3.2: Maintain the load and gradually reduce the excess coefficient of the cathode gas, and maintain it at the minimum excess coefficient for a period of time.

[0112] The minimum excess coefficient of the cathode is 1.0 to 1.2, preferably 1.1; and the continuous current loading time is 30 to 180 seconds, preferably 120 seconds.

[0113] Step 3.3: Restore the cathode excess coefficient to the normal excess coefficient and stabilize it for a period of time.

[0114] The normal excess coefficient of the cathode is 1.5 to 2.0, which is consistent with the normal excess coefficient of the cathode in step 3.1; the continuous electric loading time is 30 to 90 seconds, preferably 60 seconds.

[0115] Step 3.4: Gradually reduce the load to a low current density and stabilize at this current density for a period of time.

[0116] Among them, the load reduction rate is 10~40A / s; the low current density is 0.01A / cm 2 ~0.1A / cm 2 , preferably 0.05A / cm 2 ; The anode excess coefficient at low current density is 3 to 8, and the oxygen electrode excess coefficient at low current density is 3 to 8; the current continuous loading time is 60 to 120s, preferably 90s.

[0117] Step 3.5: Maintain the load and gradually reduce the excess coefficient of the cathode gas, and maintain it at the minimum excess coefficient for a period of time.

[0118] The minimum excess coefficient of the cathode is 1.0 to 1.2, preferably 1.1; and the continuous current loading time is 30 to 180 seconds, preferably 60 seconds.

[0119] Step 3.6: Stop loading and stop filling air into the cathode, and keep filling hydrogen into the anode for a while.

[0120] The flow rate of hydrogen supplied to the anode is 2-4 SLPM / cell; the relative humidity of hydrogen supplied to the anode is 50-80%; the inlet pressure of hydrogen supplied to the anode is 30-50 kPa; the current continuous loading time is 30-180 seconds, preferably 60 seconds;

[0121] Step 3.7: Refill the cathode with air and load it to a high current density for a period of time.

[0122] The cathode re-supply air flow rate is 4-8 SLPM / cell; the cathode re-supply air relative humidity is 50-80%; the loading rate is 10-40 A / s; the maximum current density is 1.5 A / cm 2 ~2.5A / cm 2 , consistent with the high current density in step 3.1; the current continuous loading time is 30 to 60 s, preferably 60 s.

[0123] Step 3.8: Repeat steps 3.2 to 3.7 for several rounds.

[0124] Among them, the number of repeated rounds is 5 to 15 rounds.

[0125] Furthermore, during the discharge process of the target fuel cell, gas is supplied to the target fuel cell, and the relative humidity of the gas is greater than or equal to 50%.

[0126] During the fuel cell performance recovery process, supplying oxygen and hydrogen as high-humidity gases can significantly improve the wettability of the membrane and catalyst layer, optimize reactant transport, prevent the catalyst layer from drying out, promote the recovery of catalyst activity, reduce the internal temperature of the battery, and ultimately optimize the overall performance and stability of the battery system.

[0127] In a specific embodiment of the present application, when the performance decay rate of the fuel cell is 1.2%, the following recovery strategy is triggered. The specific steps are as follows:

[0128] (1) High-humidity air with a relative humidity of 85% was introduced into the fuel cell cathode at a flow rate of 2 NLPM, with the cathode inlet temperature set at 70°C and the cathode inlet pressure set at 30 kPa. High-humidity hydrogen with a relative humidity of 85% was introduced into the anode at a flow rate of 1 NLPM, with the anode inlet temperature set at 70°C and the anode inlet pressure set at 30 kPa. The electronic load was turned on and maintained at open circuit voltage for 5 seconds.

[0129] (2) Load the fuel cell at a rate of 10 A / s to 2.5 A / cm 2The current density is 2.5A / cm2, the relative humidity of the cathode and cathode gases is maintained at 85%, the cathode gas inlet pressure is set to 130kPa, and the cathode gas excess coefficient is 1.8; the anode gas inlet pressure is set to 150kPa, and the cathode gas excess coefficient is 1.5. 2 The current density was maintained at 20 min.

[0130] (3) Reduce the fuel cell load to 0.2 A / cm at a load rate of 15 A / s 2 The current density is 0.2A / cm2, the relative humidity of the gas at the cathode and anode is 85%, the cathode gas inlet pressure is set to 50kPa, the cathode gas excess coefficient is 3; the anode gas inlet pressure is set to 40kPa, the anode gas excess coefficient is 3. 2 The current density was maintained for 15 min.

[0131] (4) Reduce the fuel cell load to 0 A at a load rate of 30 A / s and turn off the electronic load.

[0132] The recovery rate was tested by polarization curve test: the current was used to test the recovery rate from 0A / cm 2 Initially, every 0.1A / cm 2 A gradient was scanned to 2.5 A / cm 2 Each test point was paused for 3 minutes. The test results showed that the performance recovery time was 40 minutes, the average voltage measured was 0.647V, and the performance recovery rate was 99.53%. The performance recovery rate = voltage after recovery / original voltage.

[0133] In the embodiments of the present application, a high-humidity discharge and rapid load recovery method is used to fully wet the catalyst layer and membrane, resulting in a decrease in ohmic impedance and a reduction of the oxide on the catalyst surface by the low cathode potential, thereby recovering the reversible part of the fuel cell performance degradation.

[0134] In a specific embodiment of the present application, when the performance decay rate of the fuel cell is 3.2%, the following recovery strategy is triggered. The specific steps are as follows:

[0135] (1) Supply air and hydrogen with a relative humidity of 90% to the anode and cathode of the fuel cell respectively, and slowly load the fuel cell at a variable load rate of 2A / s to 2A / cm 2 The current density is set at 2A / cm2, under which the cathode inlet temperature is set to 70°C, the inlet pressure is 140kPa, and the excess coefficient is 1.8; the anode inlet temperature is set to 70°C, the inlet pressure is 140kPa, and the excess coefficient is 1.5. 2 The current density was stabilized for 3 minutes.

[0136] (2) Maintain 2A / cm2 The current density was pulled to gradually reduce the excess coefficient of cathode gas from 1.8 to 1.1, and the operation was continued for 25 minutes at the excess coefficient of cathode 1.1.

[0137] (3) The cathode excess coefficient was gradually restored to 1.8 and stabilized for 60 seconds.

[0138] (4) Gradually reduce the fuel cell load to 0.1 A / cm at a load rate of 20 A / s. 2 The current density is set at 0.1A / cm2, the cathode inlet pressure is set to 30kPa, the excess coefficient is set to 5, and the anode inlet pressure is set to 40kPa, the excess coefficient is set to 4. 2 The current density was stabilized for 2 min.

[0139] (5) Maintain 0.1A / cm 2 The current density was pulled to gradually reduce the excess coefficient of cathode gas from 5 to 1.1, and the operation was continued for 30 minutes at the cathode excess coefficient of 1.1.

[0140] (6) Reduce the fuel cell load to 0A and turn off the electronic load.

[0141] The recovery rate was tested by polarization curve test: the current was used to test the recovery rate from 0A / cm 2 Initially, every 0.1A / cm 2 A gradient was scanned to 2.5 A / cm 2 Each test point was paused for 3 minutes. The test results showed that the performance recovery time was 60 minutes, the average voltage was 0.646V, and the performance recovery rate was 99.38%. The performance recovery rate = voltage after recovery / original voltage.

[0142] In the embodiments of the present application, a high-humidity load and continuous under-empty recovery method is used to make the fuel cell produce a "hydrogen pump" effect, hydrogen diffuses from the anode to the cathode, reduces the Pt oxide, removes the platinum oxide film, reduces the charge transfer impedance, and improves the performance of the fuel cell.

[0143] In a specific embodiment of the present application, when the performance decay rate of the fuel cell is 8.2%, the following recovery strategy is triggered. The specific steps are as follows:

[0144] (1) Air with a relative humidity of 90% was introduced into the cathode of the fuel cell, and hydrogen with a relative humidity of 80% was introduced into the anode. The current was slowly increased from 0.5 A / s to 2.0 A / cm 2 At 2.0A / cm 2 The anode excess coefficient was set to 1.5 and the cathode excess coefficient was set to 1.8, and the temperature was stabilized for 180 seconds.

[0145] (2) Maintain the load and gradually reduce the excess coefficient of cathode gas to 1.1 for 120 seconds.

[0146] (3) Restore the cathode excess coefficient to 1.8 and stabilize it for 60 seconds.

[0147] (4) Gradually reduce the load to a minimum of 0.05A / cm at a current reduction rate of 20A / s. 2 , and at 0.05A / cm 2 Stable for 60 seconds.

[0148] (5) Maintain the load and gradually reduce the excess coefficient of cathode gas to 1.1 and continue for 60 seconds.

[0149] (6) Stop loading and stop filling air into the cathode. Fill the anode with hydrogen at a relative humidity of 60% at a flow rate of 4 SLPM / cell. Set the hydrogen inlet pressure to 50 kPa for 60 seconds.

[0150] (7) The cathode was refilled with air at a relative humidity of 60% at a flow rate of 4 SLPM / cell and the load was increased to 2.0 A / cm at a rate of 20 A / s. 2 , stable for 60s.

[0151] (8) Repeat steps (2) to (7) for 10 rounds.

[0152] The recovery rate was tested by polarization curve test: the current was used to test the recovery rate from 0A / cm 2 Initially, every 0.1A / cm 2 A gradient was scanned to 2.5 A / cm 2 Each test point was paused for 3 minutes. The test results showed that the performance recovery time was 40 minutes, the average voltage measured was 0.640V, and the performance recovery rate was 99.46%. The performance recovery rate = voltage after recovery / original voltage.

[0153] In the embodiments of the present application, a recovery method of high-humidity loading, cyclic under-air, and hydrogen immersion is adopted. On the one hand, oxides and impurities on the surface of the catalytic layer can be removed, which is conducive to the formation of a three-phase interface; on the other hand, more catalyst active sites can be exposed, resulting in improved reaction efficiency and improved fuel cell performance.

[0154] According to another specific embodiment of the present application, a device for recovering the performance of a vehicle fuel cell is also provided.

[0155] like Figure 4As shown, the recovery device includes: an acquisition module, a comparison module, and a generation module. The acquisition module is used to acquire the decay rate of the target fuel cell. The comparison module is used to compare the decay rate with a preset decay rate to obtain a comparison result. The generation module is used to generate a control instruction set based on the comparison result. The control instruction set is used to control the target fuel cell to execute a recovery strategy. The recovery strategy includes at least one of the following: a first strategy for discharging by adjusting the load rate; a second strategy for discharging by adjusting the load rate; and a third strategy for adjusting the excess coefficient of gas during discharge.

[0156] In an embodiment of the present application, by acquiring the attenuation rate of the target fuel cell in real time, the degree of current fuel cell performance degradation can be quickly determined, and the corresponding recovery strategy can be matched according to the attenuation rate. Compared with the "one-size-fits-all" recovery method in the prior art, different recovery strategies can be used for different attenuation degrees, that is, the operation process of the recovery method is simplified in a targeted manner, so that the target fuel cell can restore its performance in a short time, that is, the operation time of the recovery method is shortened; wherein, the recovery strategy does not need to rely on an external DC power supply or special humidification equipment, and is more suitable for the restrictive conditions of the vehicle environment, that is, the scope of application of the recovery method is expanded.

[0157] According to another specific embodiment of the present application, a vehicle is provided. The vehicle includes a vehicle fuel cell, and the vehicle fuel cell recovers its performance using the recovery method in the above embodiment.

[0158] In an embodiment of the present application, when the performance of a vehicle fuel cell declines due to factors such as long-term operation, material aging, and catalyst poisoning, performance recovery through the recovery method in the above embodiment can effectively improve the output power and efficiency of the fuel cell, ensure the power performance and stability of the vehicle during use, and reduce vehicle performance fluctuations caused by battery performance degradation.

[0159] According to another specific embodiment of the present application, a storage medium is further provided, in which a computer program is stored, wherein the computer program is configured to execute the steps of any of the above method embodiments when run.

[0160] In this embodiment, the storage medium may be configured to store a computer program for performing the following steps:

[0161] Step S1: Obtaining the decay rate of the target fuel cell.

[0162] Step S2: Compare the decay rate with the preset decay rate to obtain a comparison result.

[0163] Step S3: Generate a control instruction set based on the comparison result, and the control instruction set is used to control the target fuel cell to execute a recovery strategy, and the recovery strategy includes at least one of the following: a first strategy of adjusting the load rate for discharge, a second strategy of adjusting the load reduction rate for discharge, and a third strategy of adjusting the excess coefficient of gas during discharge.

[0164] In an embodiment of the present application, by acquiring the attenuation rate of the target fuel cell in real time, the degree of current fuel cell performance degradation can be quickly determined, and the corresponding recovery strategy can be matched according to the attenuation rate. Compared with the "one-size-fits-all" recovery method in the prior art, different recovery strategies can be used for different attenuation degrees, that is, the operation process of the recovery method is simplified in a targeted manner, so that the target fuel cell can restore its performance in a short time, that is, the operation time of the recovery method is shortened; wherein, the recovery strategy does not need to rely on an external DC power supply or special humidification equipment, and is more suitable for the restrictive conditions of the vehicle environment, that is, the scope of application of the recovery method is expanded.

[0165] According to another specific embodiment of the present application, a computer program product is also provided, and when the computer instructions are executed by a processor, the steps in any of the above method embodiments are implemented.

[0166] In this embodiment, the processor may be configured to perform the following steps through a computer program product:

[0167] Step S1: Obtaining the decay rate of the target fuel cell.

[0168] Step S2: Compare the decay rate with the preset decay rate to obtain a comparison result.

[0169] Step S3: Generate a control instruction set based on the comparison result, and the control instruction set is used to control the target fuel cell to execute a recovery strategy, and the recovery strategy includes at least one of the following: a first strategy of adjusting the load rate for discharge, a second strategy of adjusting the load reduction rate for discharge, and a third strategy of adjusting the excess coefficient of gas during discharge.

[0170] In an embodiment of the present application, by acquiring the attenuation rate of the target fuel cell in real time, the degree of current fuel cell performance degradation can be quickly determined, and the corresponding recovery strategy can be matched according to the attenuation rate. Compared with the "one-size-fits-all" recovery method in the prior art, different recovery strategies can be used for different attenuation degrees, that is, the operation process of the recovery method is simplified in a targeted manner, so that the target fuel cell can restore its performance in a short time, that is, the operation time of the recovery method is shortened; wherein, the recovery strategy does not need to rely on an external DC power supply or special humidification equipment, and is more suitable for the restrictive conditions of the vehicle environment, that is, the scope of application of the recovery method is expanded.

[0171] The serial numbers of the above embodiments of the present invention are for description only and do not represent the advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments.

[0172] In the above embodiments of the present invention, the description of each embodiment has its own focus. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0173] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed technical content can be implemented in other ways. Among them, the device embodiments described above are only exemplary. For example, the division of the units can be a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of units or modules, which can be electrical or other forms.

[0174] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the present embodiment.

[0175] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into a single processing unit, each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into a single unit. The aforementioned integrated units may be implemented in the form of hardware or software functional units.

[0176] If the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), mobile hard disk, magnetic disk or optical disk, etc. Various media that can store program codes.

[0177] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for restoring the performance of a fuel cell for a vehicle, characterized in that: include: Obtaining the decay rate of the target fuel cell; Comparing the decay rate with a preset decay rate to obtain a comparison result; A control instruction set is generated based on the comparison result, and the control instruction set is used to control the target fuel cell to execute a recovery strategy, and the recovery strategy includes at least one of the following: a first strategy of adjusting the load rate for discharge, a second strategy of adjusting the load rate for discharge, and a third strategy of adjusting the excess coefficient of gas during discharge.

2. The recovery method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Generating a control instruction set based on the comparison result, including: When the decay rate is less than a first preset decay rate, a first target control instruction in the control instruction set is generated, wherein the first target control instruction is used to control the target fuel cell to execute the first strategy and the second strategy.

3. The recovery method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first target control instruction is used to control the target fuel cell to execute the first strategy and the second strategy, including: Loading the target fuel cell to a first current density at a first loading rate for discharge; reducing the current density of the target fuel cell from the first current density to a second current density at a first load reduction rate for discharging; The current density of the target fuel cell is reduced from the second current density to zero at a second de-rating rate.

4. The recovery method according to claim 3, characterized in that: Generating a control instruction set based on the comparison result, including: When the decay rate is greater than or equal to the first preset decay rate, a second target control instruction in the control instruction set is generated, wherein the second target control instruction is used to control the target fuel cell to execute the first strategy, the second strategy and the third strategy.

5. The recovery method according to claim 4, characterized in that: Generating a control instruction set based on the comparison result, including: If the decay rate is greater than or equal to the first preset decay rate, determining whether the decay rate is greater than or equal to the second preset decay rate; If not, generate a third target control instruction in the control instruction set, wherein the third target control instruction includes: loading the target fuel cell to a third current density at a second loading rate for discharge, wherein the second loading rate is less than the first loading rate; The target fuel cell adjusts the excess coefficient of cathode gas at the third current density so that the target fuel cell is in an under-filled state; The target fuel cell adjusts the excess coefficient of cathode gas at the third current density to restore the target fuel cell from the under-charged state to a normal state; reducing the current density of the target fuel cell from the third current density to a fourth current density at a third load reduction rate for discharging; The target fuel cell adjusts the excess coefficient of cathode gas at the fourth current density so that the target fuel cell is in an under-fueled state; The current density of the target fuel cell is reduced from the fourth current density to zero at a fourth de-load rate.

6. The recovery method according to claim 5, characterized in that: Generating a control instruction set based on the comparison result, including: When the decay rate is greater than the second preset decay rate, a fourth target control instruction in the control instruction set is generated, wherein the fourth target control instruction includes: loading the target fuel cell to a fifth current density at a third loading rate for discharge, wherein the third loading rate is less than the first loading rate; The target fuel cell adjusts the excess coefficient of cathode gas at the fifth current density so that the target fuel cell is in an under-filled state; The target fuel cell adjusts the excess coefficient of cathode gas at the fifth current density to restore the target fuel cell from the under-charged state to a normal state; reducing the current density of the target fuel cell from the fifth current density to a sixth current density at a fifth load reduction rate for discharging; The target fuel cell adjusts the excess coefficient of cathode gas at the sixth current density so that the target fuel cell is in an under-filled state; Stopping the target fuel cell from discharging, and stopping the supply of oxygen or air to the cathode of the target fuel cell, while maintaining the supply of hydrogen to the cathode of the target fuel cell; Oxygen or air is re-supplied to the cathode of the target fuel cell, and the target fuel cell is loaded to a seventh current density at a fourth loading rate for discharge.

7. The recovery method according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the decay rate is greater than the second preset decay rate, a fourth target control instruction in the control instruction set is generated, wherein the fourth target control instruction includes: During the discharge process of the target fuel cell, the excess coefficient of the cathode gas and the supply of the cathode gas are adjusted to put the target fuel cell in a cycle under-empty state and a cycle hydrogen soaked state.

8. The recovery method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: During the discharge process of the target fuel cell, gas is supplied to the target fuel cell, and the relative humidity of the gas is greater than or equal to 50%.

9. A device for restoring the performance of a fuel cell for a vehicle, characterized in that: include: an acquisition module, the acquisition module being used to acquire a decay rate of a target fuel cell; a comparison module, configured to compare the decay rate with a preset decay rate to obtain a comparison result; A generation module is used to generate a control instruction set based on the comparison result, and the control instruction set is used to control the target fuel cell to execute a recovery strategy, and the recovery strategy includes at least one of the following: a first strategy of adjusting the load rate to discharge, a second strategy of adjusting the load rate to discharge, and a third strategy of adjusting the excess coefficient of gas during the discharge process.

10. A vehicle comprising a fuel cell for a vehicle, characterized in that: The vehicle fuel cell is restored in performance by using the restoration method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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