Battery management system, battery system and battery driven device

Abstract

The application provides a battery management system, a battery system and a battery driving device. The battery management system comprises: a first detection circuit configured to perform failure diagnosis on a sampling auxiliary component; a sampling circuit configured to, in the case that the sampling auxiliary component has no failure, collect parameters of a connected battery cell to obtain a sampling parameter value of the battery cell; an operation circuit configured to determine state information of one or more battery cells according to the sampling parameter value of at least one battery cell in the plurality of battery cells, compare the state information of the one or more battery cells with a target threshold, and determine a failure judgment result of a sampling channel corresponding to each battery cell; and a control device configured to obtain the failure judgment result of the sampling channel corresponding to each battery cell, wherein the failure judgment result is used to indicate whether the sampling channel corresponding to each battery cell has a sampling failure. In this way, the hardware complexity and cost of the sampling chip can be reduced, and the implementation flexibility of the failure diagnosis logic can be improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of battery, in particular to a battery management system, a battery system and a battery driving device. BACKGROUND

[0002] New energy batteries are increasingly widely used in life and industry. For example, new energy vehicles equipped with batteries have been widely used. In addition, batteries are also increasingly used in the field of energy storage and the like.

[0003] A battery management system (BMS) plays a crucial role in a battery application scenario. One of the core functions of the BMS is to accurately collect parameter information such as cell voltage and temperature through a sampling chip to ensure the safety and stability of the battery operation. To meet the functional safety standard requirements, in the related technology, a sampling chip is usually used to sample the state information of a cell, and a redundant hardware structure is used to diagnose the failure mode of the sampling chip to improve the sampling reliability. However, due to the existence of the redundant hardware structure, the overall hardware complexity and cost of the sampling chip are relatively high, the flexibility is poor, and the overall development and maintenance difficulty of the BMS is increased. SUMMARY

[0004] Embodiments of the present application aim to provide a battery management system, a battery system and a battery driving device, which can reduce the hardware complexity and cost of the sampling chip, improve the implementation flexibility of the failure diagnosis logic, and reduce the overall development and maintenance difficulty of the BMS, thereby improving the functional safety level of the BMS.

[0005] The technical solution of the embodiments of the present application is as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a battery management system, which comprises a sampling chip, an operation circuit and a control device. The sampling chip comprises at least one sampling circuit, a sampling auxiliary component and a first detection circuit. A plurality of cells in a battery device are connected to the at least one sampling circuit one by one through corresponding sampling channels, and the sampling auxiliary component comprises at least one of a voltage stabilizer, a reference voltage source and a clock source. Wherein:

[0007] The first detection circuit is configured to perform failure diagnosis on the sampling auxiliary component.

[0008] The sampling circuit is configured to collect parameters of the connected cell to obtain the sampling parameter value of the cell when the sampling auxiliary component is not failed.

[0009] an operation circuit configured to determine status information of one or more battery cells based on a sampled parameter value of at least one battery cell among the plurality of battery cells, and compare the status information of the one or more battery cells with a target threshold value to determine a fault judgment result of a sampling channel corresponding to each battery cell;

[0010] The control device is configured to obtain a fault judgment result of a sampling channel corresponding to each battery cell; wherein the fault judgment result is used to indicate whether there is a sampling fault in the sampling channel corresponding to each battery cell.

[0011] Through the above-mentioned technical means, the battery management system implements failure diagnosis of the sampling auxiliary component by disposing a sampling auxiliary component and a first detection circuit within the sampling chip. Simultaneously, the arithmetic circuit is used to perform failure diagnosis on sampling paths, communication paths, and other components. Thus, compared to related art methods that rely on redundant hardware structures to diagnose sampling chip failure modes, the arithmetic circuit replaces some of the redundant hardware in the sampling chip, reducing the hardware complexity and cost of the sampling chip, increasing the flexibility of the failure diagnosis logic, and reducing the software computational workload of the control device. This allows for rapid updates of the failure diagnosis logic, reducing the overall development and maintenance difficulty of the BMS, and thus improving the functional safety level of the BMS. Furthermore, because the sampling auxiliary component assists the operation of the sampling circuit, its failure is a common cause failure that affects each sampling path and may affect the sampling reliability of each sampling path within the sampling circuit. Therefore, by implementing hardware-based failure diagnosis of the sampling auxiliary component using the first detection circuit within the chip, the reliability and safety of diagnosing common cause failures in each sampling path can be effectively improved, thereby enhancing the overall reliability and safety of the BMS.

[0012] In some embodiments, the target threshold includes a target difference threshold; the operation circuit includes a first calculation module, wherein: the first calculation module is configured to obtain the sampling parameter value of the first battery cell and the sampling parameter value of the second battery cell at the same sampling moment, compare the sampling parameter value of the first battery cell and the sampling parameter value of the second battery cell, and determine the sampling difference between the first battery cell and the second battery cell; and determine the fault judgment result of the sampling channel corresponding to the first battery cell and the second battery cell based on the sampling difference and the target difference threshold.

[0013] Through the above-mentioned technical means, a first calculation module is added here to replace the hardware redundancy in the related technology. The first calculation module compares the difference of the sampling parameter values ​​(such as sampling voltage, sampling temperature, etc.) of the two battery cells at the same sampling time to determine the sampling difference between the two. If the absolute value of the sampling difference exceeds the target difference threshold, then it is determined that the sampling channels corresponding to the two battery cells have failed (or, in other words, the sampling voltages corresponding to the two battery cells are abnormal). In this way, using the first calculation module to replace the hardware redundancy can achieve rapid diagnosis, reduce the software calculation amount of the control device, and ensure the detection capability of the failure mode. Moreover, by setting a reasonable target difference threshold, it is also possible to accurately determine whether the sampling channel corresponding to each battery cell has failed, reduce misjudgment, and thus improve diagnostic efficiency.

[0014] In some embodiments, the target threshold includes a target change rate threshold; the operation circuit includes a second calculation module, wherein: the second calculation module is configured to obtain the sampling parameter value of the first battery cell at the first moment and the sampling parameter value at the second moment; perform slope calculation based on the sampling parameter value at the first moment and the sampling parameter value at the second moment to determine the sampling change rate of the first battery cell; and determine the fault judgment result of the sampling channel corresponding to the first battery cell based on the sampling change rate of the first battery cell and the target change rate threshold.

[0015] Through the above-mentioned technical means, a second calculation module is added here to replace the hardware redundancy in the related technology. The second calculation module calculates the slope of the sampling parameter values ​​(such as sampling voltage, sampling temperature, etc.) of the same battery cell at different sampling times to determine the sampling change rate of the battery cell; if the sampling change rate of the battery cell exceeds the target change rate threshold, then it is determined that the sampling channel corresponding to the battery cell has failed (or, the voltage of the battery cell is abnormal); using the second calculation module to replace the hardware redundancy can also achieve rapid diagnosis, reduce the software calculation amount of the control device while ensuring the detection capability of the failure mode; and by setting a reasonable target change rate threshold, it can also accurately determine whether the sampling channel corresponding to each battery cell has failed, reduce misjudgment, and thus improve diagnostic efficiency.

[0016] In some embodiments, the voltage regulator is configured to stabilize the supply voltage of the sampling chip within a target voltage range;

[0017] a reference voltage source configured to provide a reference voltage to at least one sampling circuit;

[0018] A clock source is configured to provide a clock signal to at least one sampling circuit.

[0019] Through the above-mentioned technical means, the sampling auxiliary component includes a voltage regulator for stabilizing the supply voltage of the sampling chip within a target voltage range, a reference voltage source for providing a reference voltage to at least one sampling circuit, and / or a clock source for providing a clock signal to at least one sampling circuit. Because the voltage regulator, reference voltage source, and / or clock source are core supporting components of the sampling circuit and are used to assist in the stable operation of the sampling circuit, failure of the voltage regulator, reference voltage source, and / or clock source will directly affect the accuracy of the sampled data. In this way, integrating the failure diagnosis capability of the voltage regulator, reference voltage source, and / or clock source into the sampling chip can effectively improve the reliability and safety of the entire system.

[0020] In some embodiments, the sampling chip further includes a status register, wherein: the first detection circuit is further configured to write a failure diagnosis result of the sampling auxiliary component into the status register; and the control device is configured to read the failure diagnosis result of the sampling auxiliary component from the status register; wherein the failure diagnosis result of the sampling auxiliary component is used to indicate whether the sampling auxiliary component has failed.

[0021] Through the above technical means, a status register is provided in the sampling chip for storing the failure diagnosis results of the sampling auxiliary component, so that the control device can efficiently read the failure diagnosis results of the sampling auxiliary component without directly exposing the internal hardware status of the sampling chip, thereby improving the security of the system. In addition, the subsequent sampling path failure diagnosis is only performed when the sampling auxiliary component has not failed, which can reduce the interference of the sampling auxiliary component failure on the sampling path failure diagnosis and improve the reliability of the sampling path failure diagnosis.

[0022] In some embodiments, the sampling chip further includes a second detection circuit, wherein: the second detection circuit is configured to perform a power-on self-test diagnosis on the first detection circuit; and the control device is configured to read a failure diagnosis result of the sampling auxiliary component from the status register when the failure diagnosis result of the first detection circuit indicates that the first detection circuit has not failed.

[0023] Through the above-mentioned technical means, a second detection circuit is introduced to perform failure diagnosis on the first detection circuit itself, and when the failure diagnosis result of the first detection circuit indicates that the first detection circuit has not failed, the failure diagnosis result of the sampling auxiliary component is read from the status register; this can reduce misjudgment or missed judgment caused by failure of the detection circuit itself, thereby further enhancing the overall diagnostic coverage and robustness of the system.

[0024] In some embodiments, the sampling chip further includes a configuration register, wherein: the control device is configured to write configuration information into the configuration register after the sampling chip is powered on, so that the sampling chip operates based on the configuration information; the control device is further configured to read back the configuration information written into the configuration register, and perform failure diagnosis on the configuration register based on the written configuration information and the read-back configuration information.

[0025] Through the above technical means, by performing consistency verification on the write and readback operations of the configuration register, it is possible to detect whether the configuration register is working properly, reduce the impact of configuration register failure on subsequent sampling, improve sampling accuracy, and reduce misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis of sampling auxiliary component failure and / or sampling path failure due to configuration register failure.

[0026] In some embodiments, the battery management system further includes an isolated communication chip, wherein: the isolated communication chip is arranged on the communication path between the sampling chip and the control device; the control device is further configured to obtain a sampling parameter value of at least one battery cell among a plurality of battery cells from the sampling chip through the communication path, and perform failure diagnosis on the communication path based on the sampling parameter value of at least one battery cell to determine a failure diagnosis result of the communication path.

[0027] Through the above-mentioned technical means, by adding a failure diagnosis mechanism to the communication path, communication failure problems such as communication interruption or data transmission error can be identified, and only when the communication path has not failed, the fault judgment results of the sampling channels corresponding to one or more battery cells are read from the fault register; this not only improves the integrity and reliability of the sampling data read by the control device, but also improves the accuracy of failure diagnosis of the sampling path, thereby improving the overall safety performance of the system.

[0028] In some embodiments, the sampling chip further includes a fault register, wherein: the operation circuit is further configured to write the fault judgment result of the sampling channel corresponding to each battery cell into the fault register; and the control device is configured to read the fault judgment result of the sampling channel corresponding to each battery cell from the fault register when the failure diagnosis result of the communication path indicates that the communication path has not failed.

[0029] Through the above technical means, the fault judgment results of the sampling channels corresponding to each battery cell are read from the fault register only when the communication path has not failed; this can improve the accuracy of failure diagnosis of the sampling path, thereby improving the overall safety performance of the system.

[0030] In some embodiments, the operation circuit is disposed in the sampling chip.

[0031] By using the above-mentioned technical means, the operation circuit is built into the sampling chip, which can reduce the software calculation amount of the control device, thereby ensuring the real-time performance of the calculation, and can quickly determine abnormal changes in the sampling channel, thereby improving the accuracy of the fault judgment results.

[0032] In some embodiments, an operation circuit is provided in an isolated communication chip; wherein: the isolated communication chip is configured to receive a sampling parameter value of at least one battery cell among a plurality of battery cells sent by a sampling chip, determine status information of one or more battery cells through the operation circuit and the sampling parameter value of at least one battery cell, and compare the status information of one or more battery cells with a target threshold to determine a fault judgment result of a sampling channel corresponding to each battery cell; and write the fault judgment result of the sampling channel corresponding to each battery cell into a fault register.

[0033] By using the above-mentioned technical means, the operation circuit is built into the isolated communication chip, which can reduce the software calculation amount of the control device, thereby ensuring the real-time calculation and quickly judging abnormal changes in the sampling channel; at the same time, for the daisy-chain structure formed by multiple sampling chips, it is not necessary for each sampling chip to have a built-in operation circuit. The sampling data is uniformly processed by the isolated communication chip, which not only improves data processing efficiency, but also improves the accuracy of fault judgment results.

[0034] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a battery system, which includes a battery device and the battery management system described in the first aspect; wherein the battery device includes a plurality of battery cells connected in series.

[0035] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a battery-driven device, which includes a battery device and the battery management system described in the first aspect; wherein the battery device includes a plurality of battery cells connected in series.

[0036] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are merely illustrative and explanatory, and are not intended to limit the technical solutions of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a battery management system provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 1 ;

[0038] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a battery management system provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 2 ;

[0039] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a sampling circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 4A schematic diagram of the structure of a battery management system provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 3 ;

[0041] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a battery management system provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 4 ;

[0042] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a battery management system provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 5 ;

[0043] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of a battery management system provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 6 ;

[0044] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of a battery management system provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 7 ;

[0045] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of a battery management system provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 8 ;

[0046] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the structure of a battery management system provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 9 ;

[0047] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the structure of a battery management system provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 10 ;

[0048] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of an implementation flow of a failure diagnosis method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of the structure of a battery system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Figure 14 A schematic diagram of the structure of a battery-driven device provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] It should be noted that, unless there is a conflict, the embodiments and technical features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other, and the detailed description in the specific implementation method should be understood as an explanation of the purpose of this application and should not be regarded as an improper restriction on this application.

[0052] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0053] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "first," "second," "third," etc. are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the quantity, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is more than two, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0054] References herein to "embodiments" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0055] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "and / or" is simply a description of the association relationship between associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent the following three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the associated objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0056] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, technical terms such as "installed," "connected," "connect," and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integration; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; internal connections between two components or interactions between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application based on specific circumstances.

[0057] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the technical term "contact" should be understood in a broad sense, and can be direct contact, contact through an intermediate medium layer, contact with essentially no interaction force between the two contacting parties, or contact with interaction force between the two contacting parties.

[0058] With the development of clean energy, more and more devices use electricity as a driving force. Consequently, power batteries, such as lithium-ion batteries, that can store large amounts of electricity and undergo multiple charge and discharge cycles are experiencing rapid development. These batteries are not only used in energy storage systems such as hydropower, thermal power, wind power, and solar power plants, but are also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, and electric vehicles, as well as in aerospace and other fields. As the application areas of power batteries continue to expand, market demand is also growing.

[0059] In the embodiment of the present application, the battery device can be made of battery cells and / or battery modules. A battery cell refers to a battery cell, that is, a basic unit that can realize the mutual conversion of chemical energy and electrical energy, which can be used to make a battery module or a battery device, thereby being used to supply power to electrical equipment. A battery cell can be a primary battery or a secondary battery. A secondary battery refers to a battery cell that can be activated by charging the active material after the battery cell is discharged and can continue to be used. The battery cell can be a lithium-ion battery, a sodium-ion battery, a sodium-lithium-ion battery, a lithium metal battery, a sodium metal battery, a lithium-sulfur battery, a magnesium-ion battery, a nickel-hydrogen battery, a nickel-cadmium battery, or a lead-acid battery, etc., and the embodiment of the present application is not limited to this. The battery cell can be cylindrical, rectangular, or in other shapes.

[0060] A battery cell consists of an electrode assembly, which includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator. During the charge and discharge process, active ions (such as lithium ions) are inserted and removed between the positive and negative electrodes. The separator, located between the positive and negative electrodes, prevents short circuits while allowing the active ions to pass through.

[0061] In some embodiments, the separator is a separator. The present application has no particular limitation on the type of separator, and any known separator with a porous structure having good chemical stability and mechanical stability can be selected.

[0062] As an example, the primary material of the separator can be selected from at least one of glass fiber, non-woven fabric, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, and ceramic. The separator can be a single-layer film or a multi-layer composite film, without particular limitation. When the separator is a multi-layer composite film, the materials of each layer can be the same or different, without particular limitation. The separator can be a separate component positioned between the positive and negative electrodes, or it can be attached to the surfaces of the positive and negative electrodes.

[0063] In some embodiments, the separator is a solid electrolyte, which is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and serves to transport ions and isolate the positive and negative electrodes.

[0064] In some embodiments, the battery cell also includes an electrolyte, which acts as a conductor of ions between the positive and negative electrodes. This application does not specifically limit the type of electrolyte, and the electrolyte can be selected based on needs. The electrolyte can be liquid, gel, or solid.

[0065] The liquid electrolyte includes an electrolyte salt and a solvent.

[0066] In some embodiments, the electrolyte salt can be selected from at least one of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium difluorophosphate, lithium difluorooxalatoborate, lithium dioxalatoborate, lithium difluorodioxalatophosphate, and lithium tetrafluorooxalatophosphate.

[0067] In certain embodiments, the solvent may be selected from at least one of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate, ethylpropyl carbonate, butylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, methyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, 1,4-butyrolactone, cyclopentane, dimethyl sulfone, methyl ethyl sulfone and diethyl sulfone. The solvent may also be an ether solvent. The ether solvent may include one or more of ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, diphenyl ether and crown ether.

[0068] Among them, the gel electrolyte includes a skeleton network with a polymer as the electrolyte, combined with an ionic liquid-lithium salt.

[0069] Among them, solid electrolytes include polymer solid electrolytes, inorganic solid electrolytes, and composite solid electrolytes.

[0070] In some embodiments, the electrode assembly is a wound structure, wherein the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet are wound into the wound structure.

[0071] In some embodiments, the electrode assembly is a laminate structure.

[0072] The Battery Management System (BMS) plays a crucial role in battery applications. One of its core functions is to accurately collect status information such as cell voltage and module temperature through sampling chips to ensure safe and stable battery operation. For example, in new energy vehicles (NEVs), to meet Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) functional safety standards, such as ASIL C / D requirements for preventing thermal runaway caused by battery overvoltage or undervoltage, BMSs in related technologies typically use sampling chips to sample cell status information. Failure modes of the sampling chips are diagnosed through redundant hardware structures to improve sampling reliability. For example, redundant sampling paths are configured within the sampling chip for each cell, such as a primary sampling path containing a primary analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and a secondary sampling path containing a secondary ADC. Both the primary and secondary ADCs sample the same cell simultaneously. The chip compares the sampling results from the primary and secondary ADCs to determine if there are ADC sampling path failures, thus preventing voltage acquisition inaccuracies caused by AFE sampling failures. In addition, to meet functional safety requirements, redundant circuits such as multiplexers (MUXs) or filters are often required in addition to redundant ADCs to further improve the integrity of the hardware diagnostic mechanism.

[0073] However, in the BMS of the aforementioned related art, the sampling chip's internal redundant ADC design and other additional internal diagnostic circuitry lead to high overall hardware costs. Furthermore, the design of the sampling chip in the aforementioned related art relies on a specific chip architecture, and sampling chips from different manufacturers vary significantly in their redundancy configuration and diagnostic logic. This means that the hardware diagnostic logic typically follows the internal architecture, lacking flexibility. Discovering diagnostic logic issues may require hardware redesign. Furthermore, software strategies vary with hardware architecture, and switching between AFEs from different manufacturers requires a long software development cycle, making maintenance and updates difficult and increasing the overall development and maintenance complexity of the BMS.

[0074] In view of this, the embodiment of the present application provides a battery management system, such as Figure 1 As shown, the battery management system 10 may include a sampling chip 11, an operation circuit 101 and a control device 12. The sampling chip 11 may include at least one sampling circuit (such as Figure 1 Any one of the sampling circuits 111), the sampling auxiliary component 112 and the first detection circuit 113, the multiple cells in the battery device ( Figure 1 The battery cells Cell1 to Celln shown in FIG are connected to the at least one sampling circuit in a one-to-one correspondence through corresponding sampling channels.

[0075] The first detection circuit 113 is configured to perform failure diagnosis on the sampling auxiliary component 112;

[0076] The sampling circuit 111 is configured to collect parameters of the connected battery cell and obtain a sampled parameter value of the battery cell when the sampling auxiliary component 112 is not faulty;

[0077] The operation circuit 101 is configured to determine status information of one or more battery cells based on a sampled parameter value of at least one battery cell among the plurality of battery cells, and compare the status information of the one or more battery cells with a target threshold value to determine a fault judgment result of a sampling channel corresponding to each battery cell;

[0078] The control device 12 is configured to obtain a fault judgment result of a sampling channel corresponding to each battery cell; wherein the fault judgment result is used to indicate whether there is a sampling fault in the sampling channel corresponding to each battery cell.

[0079] In the embodiment of the present application, the battery management system 10 can be applied to any battery device. The sampling chip 11 collects parameter information such as the voltage, current, and / or temperature of each battery cell 20 in the battery device to meet management requirements such as safety and stability during battery operation. For example, the battery device may include, but is not limited to, a power battery device and / or an energy storage battery device, etc., which are not limited here.

[0080] In the embodiments of the present application, the battery cell may be in any form. For example, the battery cell may include but is not limited to at least one of a square shell battery cell, a cylindrical battery cell, a blade battery cell, a soft pack battery cell, etc.

[0081] In the embodiments of the present application, the sampled parameter values ​​of the battery cell may include, but are not limited to, at least one of a sampled voltage, a sampled temperature, and a sampled current. Accordingly, the battery cell status information may be a calculation result of the sampled parameter values, such as a voltage difference, a rate of change, or the like. For example, the voltage difference or temperature difference between two battery cells at the same sampling moment, or the voltage change rate or temperature change rate of the same battery cell at different sampling moments, which is not limited here.

[0082] In the embodiment of the present application, comparing the status information of one or more battery cells with the target threshold value may include the following implementations:

[0083] In one possible implementation, the status information here takes the voltage change rate of a single battery cell as an example. For each battery cell, the change rate is calculated based on the sampling parameter values ​​of the battery cell at different sampling times, and the status information of the battery cell is compared with the target threshold (such as the target change rate threshold) to determine the fault judgment result of the sampling channel corresponding to the battery cell.

[0084] In another possible implementation, the status information herein uses the voltage difference between two battery cells as an example. Two battery cells are identified from a plurality of battery cells as a group, and a difference calculation is performed on the sampled parameter values ​​of the two battery cells in the group to obtain the status information of the two battery cells. This status information is then compared with a target threshold (e.g., a target difference threshold) to determine a fault determination result for the sampling channels corresponding to the two battery cells. The fault determination result for the sampling channels corresponding to the two battery cells is then reported to the control device 12, for example, either reporting that a sampling fault exists in the sampling channels corresponding to the two battery cells, or reporting that no sampling fault exists in the sampling channels corresponding to the two battery cells.

[0085] In some embodiments, for the battery management system 10, the number of sampling chips 11 here can be one. The sampling chip 11 may include but is not limited to an analog front end (AFE) chip, also known as a battery sampling chip, which can be used to collect parameter information such as voltage, current, and / or temperature of a battery cell. The sampling chip 11 is used to sample multiple battery cells ( Figure 1 The cells Cell1 to Celln shown in the figure are sampled, wherein the multiple cells in the battery device are connected to the at least one sampling circuit in a one-to-one correspondence through corresponding sampling channels. Figure 1 As shown, the negative electrode of cell Cell1 is connected to the V0 pin of sampling chip 11, and the positive electrode of cell Cell1 is connected to the V1 pin of sampling chip 11. Similarly, the negative electrode of cell Celln is connected to the V(n-1) pin of sampling chip 11, and the positive electrode of cell Celln is connected to the Vn pin of sampling chip 11. Then, the V0 pin to the Vn pin of sampling chip 11 are respectively connected to the at least one sampling circuit through corresponding sampling channels.

[0086] In one possible implementation, the number of cells included in the battery device may be the same as the number of sampling circuits in the sampling chip. In this case, each sampling circuit is connected to a corresponding cell.

[0087] In another possible implementation, the battery device includes more cells than the sampling circuits in the sampling chip. In this case, a sampling circuit can be connected to multiple cells via other components (such as a multiplexer). However, each of these multiple cells is still connected to the corresponding sampling circuit via only one sampling channel.

[0088] In another possible implementation, the battery management system 10 may include multiple sampling chips 11. At least one sampling circuit in each sampling chip 11 is connected to at least one battery cell among the multiple battery cells in a one-to-one correspondence to obtain a sampled parameter value of the at least one battery cell.

[0089] For example, assuming that the battery device includes 20 battery cells and the number of sampling chips 11 is two, at least one sampling circuit in the first sampling chip 11 is connected to the first to tenth battery cells respectively, and at least one sampling circuit in the second sampling chip 11 is connected to the eleventh to twentieth battery cells respectively. If the number of sampling chips 11 is three, at least one sampling circuit in the first sampling chip 11 is connected to the first to seventh battery cells respectively, at least one sampling circuit in the second sampling chip 11 is connected to the eighth to fourteenth battery cells respectively, and at least one sampling circuit in the third sampling chip 11 is connected to the fifteenth to twentieth battery cells respectively, and the like, which is not limited herein.

[0090] It should be noted that the sampling channel refers to a signal transmission path for collecting the parameter information of the battery cell, and can also be referred to as a "sampling path". The failure of the sampling channel can cause distortion or loss of the sampling data, and further affect the judgment of the battery management system on the battery state.

[0091] It should be further noted that there is a sampling channel between each battery cell to be collected and the sampling circuit. One end of the sampling channel is connected to the battery cell to be collected, and the other end of the sampling channel is connected to the sampling circuit, for collecting the sampling voltage, sampling current and other related parameter information corresponding to the connected battery cell.

[0092] In the embodiments of the present application, a temperature sensor can be arranged on each battery cell in the battery device. In this way, the temperature sensor on each battery cell is also connected to the corresponding sampling circuit, for collecting the sampling temperature corresponding to the connected battery cell.

[0093] In some embodiments, each sampling channel in the sampling circuit is independently arranged, and each sampling channel only includes one sampling circuit. Each sampling circuit is used to receive an analog signal corresponding to the sampling information of the battery cell, and convert the received analog signal into a digital signal to obtain the sampling parameter value of the battery cell, such as at least one of the sampling voltage, the sampling temperature, the sampling current, and the like. It should be noted that the sampling voltage herein usually refers to the voltage sampling of the battery cell. In some cases, since the analog signal corresponding to the sampling temperature is still a voltage signal, the sampling voltage of the battery cell can refer to the voltage sampling of the battery cell, or can also refer to the temperature sampling of the battery cell, which is not limited herein.

[0094] In some embodiments, multiple sampling channels in a sampling circuit can share one sampling circuit. In each sampling cycle, multiple sampling channels can be separately selected by a multiplexer to connect the sampling channels between the corresponding battery cells and the sampling circuit, so that the sampling circuit can receive the analog signals of the corresponding battery cells, thereby obtaining the sampling parameter values ​​of each battery cell respectively.

[0095] In some embodiments, the sampling auxiliary component 112 refers to a hardware module within the sampling chip 11 that assists the normal operation of the sampling circuit 111. It is used to assist the operation of the sampling circuit 111 and is an important part of the sampling chip 11 to ensure sampling accuracy and stability. For example, the sampling auxiliary component 112 may include, but is not limited to, at least one of a voltage regulator, a reference voltage source, and a clock source. The voltage regulator can provide stable power to the sampling chip, the reference voltage source can provide a reference voltage to at least one sampling circuit in the sampling chip, and the clock source can provide a clock signal to at least one sampling circuit in the sampling chip.

[0096] In some embodiments, the first detection circuit 113 refers to a diagnostic circuit disposed within the sampling chip 11, configured to periodically diagnose failures of the sampling auxiliary components 112 (e.g., a voltage regulator, a reference voltage source, a clock source, etc.). For example, the first detection circuit 113 may include, but is not limited to, a power supply detection circuit for diagnosing failures of the voltage regulator, a reference source detection circuit for diagnosing failures of the reference voltage source, and / or a clock detection circuit for diagnosing failures of the clock source.

[0097] In some embodiments, the control device 12 may be a controller, a microcontroller unit (MCU), or a control chip. The control device 12 is the main control unit in the battery management system 10 and is responsible for coordinating the operation of the sampling chips and performing failure diagnosis on the sampling channels to meet the functional safety requirements of the automotive safety integrity level (ASIL) D.

[0098] An embodiment of the present application provides a battery management system 10 that implements failure diagnosis of the sampling auxiliary component by disposing a sampling auxiliary component and a first detection circuit within a sampling chip. Simultaneously, an arithmetic circuit is utilized to perform failure diagnosis of sampling paths, communication paths, and the like. Thus, compared to related art approaches that rely on redundant hardware structures to diagnose sampling chip failure modes, the use of an arithmetic circuit to replace some of the redundant hardware within the sampling chip not only reduces the hardware complexity and cost of the sampling chip and increases the flexibility of the failure diagnosis logic, but also reduces the software computational effort of the control device, enabling rapid updates of the failure diagnosis logic, and reducing the overall development and maintenance complexity of the BMS, thereby improving the functional safety level of the BMS. Furthermore, since the sampling auxiliary component assists the operation of the sampling circuit, its failure is a common cause failure that affects each sampling path and may affect the sampling reliability of each sampling path within the sampling circuit. Therefore, by implementing hardware-based failure diagnosis of the sampling auxiliary component through the first detection circuit within the sampling chip, the reliability and safety of diagnosing common cause failures in each sampling channel can be effectively improved, thereby enhancing the overall reliability and safety of the BMS.

[0099] It is understandable that in one possible implementation, if Figure 1 As shown, the operation circuit 101 is provided in the sampling chip 11 .

[0100] Thus, in the embodiment of the present application, by integrating the operation circuit into the sampling chip 11, the software calculation amount of the control device can be reduced, thereby ensuring the real-time performance of the calculation, quickly determining abnormal changes in the sampling channel, and improving the accuracy of the fault judgment result.

[0101] It is also understandable that in some embodiments, Figure 1 Based on the battery management system 10 shown, see Figure 2 , the sampling auxiliary component 112 may include at least one of the following:

[0102] The voltage regulator 112a is configured to stabilize the supply voltage of the sampling chip 11 within a target voltage range;

[0103] A reference voltage source 112b is configured to provide a reference voltage to at least one sampling circuit;

[0104] The clock source 112 c is configured to provide a clock signal to at least one sampling circuit.

[0105] In the embodiment of the present application, the target voltage range is an operating voltage range that supports stable operation of the sampling chip 11. During implementation, those skilled in the art can design an appropriate target voltage range according to actual application scenarios, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.

[0106] It should be noted that the voltage stabilizer is an electronic component whose function is to maintain the output voltage at a stable level when the input voltage fluctuates. In the embodiment of the present application, the voltage stabilizer 112a is integrated inside the sampling chip 11 to provide a stable power supply for the sampling chip 11. Since the cell voltage acquisition has high requirements on power supply stability, if the power supply voltage is unstable, it may cause sampling errors, thereby affecting the judgment accuracy of the entire BMS system. Therefore, by providing the voltage stabilizer 112a, the sampling chip 11 can always be in a better working state to avoid distortion or misjudgment of the sampling data due to power supply fluctuations. In this way, the reliability of the sampling chip 11 can be improved, so as to meet the functional safety requirements of the automotive safety integrity level ASIL D.

[0107] In some embodiments, the voltage regulator 112 a may take the voltage of the cell with the highest potential (ie, the highest-order cell) among the multiple cells connected to the sampling chip 11 as input and output a supply voltage to the sampling chip 11 .

[0108] In some embodiments, the voltage regulator 112a may include a boost circuit and / or a buck circuit. When the input voltage is within the target voltage range, the voltage regulator 112a may directly output the input voltage; when the input voltage is lower than the lower limit of the target voltage range, the boost circuit may boost the input voltage to within the target voltage range before outputting it; when the input voltage is higher than the upper limit of the target voltage range, the buck circuit may buck the input voltage to within the target voltage range before outputting it.

[0109] It should also be noted that each sampling circuit includes a level conversion module, a sampling module, a filtering module, etc. Figure 1 As an example, see the sampling circuit 111 shown in Figure 3 , the sampling circuit 111 may include a level conversion module 301, a sampling module 302 and a filtering module 303 connected in sequence, and the level conversion module 301 is connected to the target cell accordingly. Figure 3 As shown, the target cell may be the cell Cell1, which is the cell correspondingly connected to the sampling circuit 111 through a sampling channel.

[0110] In an embodiment of the present application, the level conversion module 301 is configured to obtain a first electrical signal of a target battery cell and perform level conversion on the first electrical signal to generate a second electrical signal; the sampling module 302 is configured to perform differential sampling processing on the second electrical signal to generate a third electrical signal; and the filtering module 303 is configured to perform filtering processing on the third electrical signal to generate a sampling parameter value of the target battery cell.

[0111] Exemplarily, sampling module 302 may be an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), with no limitation on ADC type; for example, it may be a SAR ADC, a Sigma-Delta ADC, an integrating ADC, etc. Level conversion module 301 may be a level converter, which is a voltage conversion device that can achieve voltage conversion using a transistor, a resistor-diode combination, or a dedicated integrated circuit. Level converters are primarily used to resolve signal compatibility issues between logic circuits of different voltages and to achieve communication interface matching between components such as low-voltage digital chips and high-voltage analog circuits. Filtering module 703 may be a filter, such as a low-pass filter, a high-pass filter, a band-pass filter, or a band-stop filter. It can achieve signal processing by selecting specific frequency components and is primarily used to suppress electromagnetic interference in signals.

[0112] In this embodiment of the present application, the reference voltage source 112b can provide a reference voltage to the ADC in each sampling circuit, enabling high-precision sampling. The ADC is used to convert received analog electrical signals into digital signals to obtain sampled parameter values ​​for the target battery cell. Specifically, the reference voltage source 112b provides a reference voltage (also known as a reference voltage) for the ADC. The ADC completes the digitization process by comparing the input analog signal with this reference voltage. In this embodiment of the present application, the reference voltage source 112b provides the ADC with a precise reference voltage as a reference value, enabling accurate conversion of analog signals into digital signals, thereby ensuring the accuracy of acquisition of relevant parameters such as the voltage, current, and / or temperature of the target battery cell. An unstable or inaccurate reference voltage will directly lead to distorted data output by the ADC, which in turn affects the battery management system's assessment of the battery status. Therefore, using a high-precision reference voltage source can improve the ADC's sampling accuracy, thereby enhancing the overall performance and safety of the sampling chip 11.

[0113] It should also be noted that the sampling module 302 is a functional module that converts a continuous voltage signal from a sensor or other analog signal source into a discrete digital signal. Taking ADC as an example, it can convert analog signals such as the voltage, current, and / or temperature of the target battery cell into digital signals for subsequent digital processing and transmission. Since the conversion accuracy of the ADC directly affects the BMS's judgment of the battery status, it is crucial to use a high-quality ADC and a matching reference voltage source 112b in the sampling chip 11. By using the reference voltage source 112b in conjunction with the ADC, it can be ensured that the digitization process of the battery cell status information has high accuracy and consistency, thereby improving the reliability of the overall system.

[0114] It should also be noted that a clock source is a component that provides the time reference signal (i.e., clock signal) required for synchronized operation of the various circuit modules in the sampling chip. In the embodiment of the present application, clock source 112c can be used to control the sampling rate of the ADC, the duty cycle of the filter, and the operating rhythm of other related circuits in the sampling circuit 111. The stability of the clock signal directly affects the collaborative operation between the various modules in the sampling chip 11. For example, if the clock signal frequency is unstable, it may cause deviations in the ADC sampling time, resulting in data distortion or loss. Therefore, by providing a stable and high-precision clock source, the synchronization and accuracy of the various modules in the sampling chip 11 can be ensured, thereby improving the response speed and data acquisition quality of the entire system. This can optimize the operating efficiency of the sampling chip 11 and improve the consistency of the sampled data, thereby better supporting the functional safety requirements of the BMS.

[0115] It is understood that there is a close collaboration between the voltage regulator 112a, the reference voltage source 112b, and the clock source 112c. The voltage regulator ensures a stable power supply for the ADC and other circuit modules, thus providing a foundation for the normal operation of the reference voltage source and clock source. The reference voltage source provides a precise reference voltage for the ADC to ensure the accuracy of the analog-to-digital conversion results. The clock source provides a synchronization signal for the entire sampling process, allowing each module to operate at a unified rhythm and preventing data errors caused by timing errors. These three components work together to ensure that the sampling chip 11 can maintain high-precision and high-stability data acquisition capabilities even under complex operating conditions.

[0116] In the above-described embodiment, the sampling auxiliary component includes a voltage stabilizer for stabilizing the supply voltage of the sampling chip within a target voltage range, a reference voltage source for providing a reference voltage to an analog-to-digital converter in at least one sampling circuit, and / or a clock source for providing a clock signal to at least one sampling circuit. Since the voltage stabilizer, reference voltage source, and / or clock source serve as core supporting components of the sampling circuit and can assist in the stable operation of the sampling circuit, failure of the voltage stabilizer, reference voltage source, and / or clock source will directly affect the accuracy of the sampled data. Thus, integrating failure diagnosis capabilities for the voltage stabilizer, reference voltage source, and / or clock source within the sampling chip can effectively improve the reliability and safety of the entire system.

[0117] In some embodiments, Figure 2 Based on the battery management system 10 shown, see Figure 4The sampling chip 11 may further include a status register 114. The first detection circuit 113 is configured to write a failure diagnosis result of the sampling auxiliary component 112 into the status register 114. The control device 12 is configured to read the failure diagnosis result of the sampling auxiliary component 112 from the status register 114. The failure diagnosis result of the sampling auxiliary component 112 is used to indicate whether the sampling auxiliary component 112 has failed.

[0118] In an embodiment of the present application, when the failure diagnosis result of the sampling auxiliary component 112 indicates that the sampling auxiliary component 112 has not failed, the status information of one or more battery cells can be determined by the operation circuit 101, and the fault judgment result of the sampling channel corresponding to each battery cell can be determined based on the status information of the one or more battery cells.

[0119] In the embodiment of the present application, the status register 114 is configured to receive and store the failure diagnosis result of the sampling auxiliary component 112 after the first detection circuit 113 performs failure diagnosis on the sampling auxiliary component 112. This status register 114 is located within the sampling chip 11, has read and write capabilities, and can be accessed by the control device 12. By writing the failure diagnosis result of the sampling auxiliary component 112 to the status register 114, the status of the sampling auxiliary component 112 can be recorded long-term and quickly queried, centrally managing the diagnostic information of the sampling auxiliary component, and improving the maintainability and diagnostic efficiency of the system.

[0120] It should be noted that the first detection circuit 113 is a hardware module for performing diagnostic tasks on the sampling auxiliary component 112. In some embodiments, the first detection circuit 113 can perform failure diagnosis on the sampling auxiliary component 112 upon system power-up or periodically during system operation to check whether the sampling auxiliary component 112 is functioning properly, obtain a failure diagnosis result for the sampling auxiliary component 112, and output this failure diagnosis result as a digital signal. This failure diagnosis result can indicate whether the sampling auxiliary component 112 has failed. The failure diagnosis result of the sampling auxiliary component 112 is then written to the status register 114 for subsequent processing. Here, the inputs to the first detection circuit 113 may include parameters such as the voltage, current, and temperature of the sampling auxiliary component 112, and the output is a logical judgment result, such as not failed (i.e., normal) or failed (i.e., abnormal).

[0121] In some embodiments, the failure diagnosis result of the sampling auxiliary component 112 may include the failure diagnosis result of at least one hardware module or functional unit in the sampling auxiliary component 112. The status register 114 may include at least one flag bit, each flag bit corresponding to a hardware module or functional unit in the sampling auxiliary component 112, and used to indicate whether the hardware module or functional unit has failed. The first detection circuit 113 may write the failure diagnosis result of each hardware module or functional unit in the sampling auxiliary component 112 into the corresponding flag bit. For example, if the sampling auxiliary component 112 includes a voltage regulator 112a, a reference voltage source 112b, and a clock source 112c, the status register 114 may include a voltage regulator fault flag, a reference voltage source fault flag, a clock source abnormality flag, etc. The first detection circuit 113 may write the failure diagnosis results corresponding to the voltage regulator 112a, the reference voltage source 112b, and the clock source 112c into the corresponding flag bits. These flag bits can be read by the control device 12 through software to trigger the corresponding fault handling mechanism.

[0122] It is understood that the control device 12 first reads the failure diagnosis result of the sampling auxiliary component 112 written by the first detection circuit 113 from the status register 114 to determine whether the sampling auxiliary component 112 has failed. If the sampling auxiliary component 112 has not failed, the operation circuit 101 determines the status information of one or more battery cells based on the sampling parameter value of at least one of the multiple battery cells. Based on the status information of the one or more battery cells (such as voltage, temperature, etc.), further failure diagnosis is performed on the corresponding sampling channels, thereby improving the security of the entire sampling link.

[0123] In some embodiments, when the failure diagnosis result of the sampling auxiliary component 112 indicates that the sampling auxiliary component 112 has failed, the control device 12 may output first fault information indicating that the sampling auxiliary component 112 in the sampling chip 11 has failed.

[0124] In the above embodiment, by providing a status register in the sampling chip for storing the failure diagnosis result of the sampling auxiliary component, the control device can efficiently read the failure diagnosis result of the sampling auxiliary component without directly exposing the internal hardware status of the sampling chip, thereby improving the security of the system. In addition, the subsequent sampling path failure diagnosis is performed only when the sampling auxiliary component has not failed. This can reduce the interference of the sampling auxiliary component failure on the sampling path failure diagnosis, thereby improving the reliability of the sampling path failure diagnosis.

[0125] In some embodiments, Figure 4 Based on the battery management system 10 shown, see Figure 5The sampling chip 11 may further include a second detection circuit 115. The second detection circuit 115 is configured to perform a power-on self-diagnosis on the first detection circuit 113. The control device 12 is configured to obtain a failure diagnosis result of the first detection circuit 113 and, if the failure diagnosis result of the first detection circuit 113 indicates that the first detection circuit 113 has not failed, read the failure diagnosis result of the sampling auxiliary component 112 from the status register 114.

[0126] In the embodiment of the present application, the second detection circuit 115 can be an auxiliary circuit provided within the sampling chip 11, independent of the first detection circuit 113, and capable of performing failure diagnosis on the first detection circuit 113. For example, the second detection circuit 115 can perform failure diagnosis on the first detection circuit 113 when the system is powered on or periodically during system operation to check whether the first detection circuit 113 is functioning properly, obtain a failure diagnosis result for the first detection circuit 113, and output the failure diagnosis result in the form of a digital signal. The failure diagnosis result can indicate whether the first detection circuit 113 has failed.

[0127] In some embodiments, the second detection circuit 115 is typically integrated with modules such as a comparator, a counter, and / or a status flag, and can determine whether a fault occurs by comparing the output of the first detection circuit 113 with a preset threshold or reference value, thereby determining whether the first detection circuit 113 has failed.

[0128] In some embodiments, the failure diagnosis result may be data generated by the second detection circuit 115 to reflect whether the current operating status of the first detection circuit 113 is normal. For example, after the second detection circuit 115 completes a failure diagnosis of the first detection circuit 113, it writes the failure diagnosis result in the form of a digital signal to a specific location in the status register 114. If the test result indicates that the first detection circuit is in a normal state (i.e., not failed), the control device 12 may continue to read the failure diagnosis results of other related components from the status register 114, such as the failure diagnosis result of the sampling auxiliary component 112, to further confirm the health of the entire sampling chip 11.

[0129] In some embodiments, the second detection circuit 115 may include a built-in self-test (BIST) circuit for the sampling chip 11. For example, the sampling auxiliary component 112 includes a voltage regulator 112a, and the first detection circuit 113 includes a power supply detection circuit for performing failure diagnosis on the voltage regulator. The BIST circuit can be used to perform failure diagnosis on the power supply detection circuit. For another example, the sampling auxiliary component 112 includes a reference voltage source 112b, and the first detection circuit 113 includes a reference source detection circuit for performing failure diagnosis on the reference voltage source. The BIST circuit can be used to perform failure diagnosis on the reference source detection circuit. Exemplarily, failure diagnosis of the BIST circuit can be performed by injecting an erroneous power supply and then confirming whether the power supply overvoltage and undervoltage monitoring functions are functioning correctly.

[0130] In the above embodiment, a second detection circuit is introduced to perform failure diagnosis on the first detection circuit itself. If the failure diagnosis result of the first detection circuit indicates that the first detection circuit has not failed, the failure diagnosis result of the sampling auxiliary component is read from the status register. This can reduce false positives or missed positives caused by failures in the detection circuit itself, thereby further enhancing the overall diagnostic coverage and robustness of the system.

[0131] In some embodiments, Figure 4 Based on the battery management system 10 shown, see Figure 6 The sampling chip 11 may further include a configuration register 116. The control device 12 is configured to write configuration information into the configuration register 116 after the sampling chip 11 is powered on, so that the sampling chip 11 operates based on the configuration information. The control device 12 is further configured to read back the configuration information written into the configuration register 116 and perform failure diagnosis on the configuration register 116 based on the written configuration information and the readback configuration information.

[0132] In the embodiment of the present application, the configuration information may include parameters required for the operation of the sampling chip 11. After the sampling chip 11 is powered on and initialized, the control device 12 writes the configuration information into the configuration register. The sampling chip 11 can read the written configuration information from the configuration register 116 to enter the operating state based on the configuration information.

[0133] In addition, the configuration information may be determined based on system security requirements and functional requirements, which is not limited in the present embodiment. By writing the configuration information into the configuration register, compatibility between different sampling chips 11 can be achieved without changing the hardware design.

[0134] In some embodiments, the configuration information can include, but is not limited to, working mode of the sampling chip 11, hardware protection threshold, enable configuration, etc. Exemplarily, the working mode of the sampling chip 11 can include, but is not limited to, ADC resolution, sampling rate, and / or selected sampling channel, etc., the hardware protection threshold can include, but is not limited to, power overvoltage threshold, and / or power undervoltage threshold, etc., and the enable configuration can include enable state of voltage regulator, reference voltage source, filter, and / or clock source, etc.

[0135] After writing the configuration information into the configuration register 116, the control device 12 can also read back the written configuration information. By writing the configuration information and then reading back the configuration information, the control device 12 can confirm whether the configuration register 116 can correctly store and output data, so as to determine whether there is a hardware failure problem. If the written configuration information is consistent with the read-back configuration information, it indicates that the configuration register 116 is functioning properly; if not, it indicates that the configuration register 116 may have a fault, such as a damaged storage unit, abnormal bus communication, or control logic error, etc.

[0136] It can also be understood that the failure of the configuration register includes, but is not limited to, the failure of communication between the control component and the configuration register, the failure of the hardware of the configuration register itself, and / or the failure of the configuration information stored in the configuration register, etc., which is not limited here.

[0137] In some embodiments, if the written configuration information is consistent with the read-back configuration information, it can be determined that the configuration register 116 has a fault, and the control device 12 can trigger a corresponding fault handling mechanism, such as recording a fault log, lighting a fault indicator, or entering a safe state, etc.

[0138] In the above embodiments, by performing consistency verification on the write and read-back operations of the configuration register, it can be detected whether the configuration register is working properly, the influence of the failure of the configuration register on subsequent sampling is reduced, the sampling accuracy is improved, and the false diagnosis or missed diagnosis of the failure of the sampling auxiliary component and / or the failure of the sampling path due to the failure of the configuration register is reduced.

[0139] In some embodiments, the control device 12 is further configured to, in a case where the failure diagnosis result of the configuration register 116 indicates that the configuration register 116 is not failed, determine, by the calculation circuit 101, the state information of one or more battery cells according to the sampling parameter values of at least one battery cell in the plurality of battery cells, and perform failure diagnosis on the sampling channels corresponding to the one or more battery cells based on the state information of the one or more battery cells. In this way, the effectiveness of the configuration register of the sampling chip can be verified in the power-on initialization stage, so that the failure diagnosis of the sampling path is established on a reliable basis, thereby reducing the false diagnosis or missed diagnosis of the failure of the sampling path due to the failure of the configuration register, and improving the overall reliability of the system.

[0140] It should also be noted that the computing circuit 101 can perform failure diagnosis on the sampling channels of each battery cell based on the sampled parameter values ​​of at least one battery cell, although this is not limited in the present embodiment. For example, the change in the sampled parameter values ​​of a single battery cell at multiple consecutive sampling time points can be analyzed from a temporal perspective. If the change in the sampled parameter values ​​of a single battery cell at multiple consecutive sampling time points exceeds a set target change threshold, and / or the rate of change of a single battery cell at multiple consecutive sampling time points exceeds a set target rate of change threshold, then the sampling channel corresponding to the battery cell is determined to be failed. For example, the target rate of change threshold can include a first rate of change threshold corresponding to the sampled voltage parameter and a second rate of change threshold corresponding to the sampled temperature parameter. For another example, the difference between the sampled parameter values ​​of two battery cells at the same sampling time point can be analyzed. If the difference in the parameters of the two battery cells at the same sampling time point exceeds a set target difference threshold, then the sampling channel corresponding to at least one of the two battery cells is determined to be failed. For example, the target difference threshold can include a target pressure difference threshold corresponding to the sampled voltage parameter and a target temperature difference threshold corresponding to the sampled temperature parameter.

[0141] In some embodiments, the operation circuit 101 is configured to determine whether the sampling channels corresponding to the two battery cells are invalid based on the difference between the sampling parameter values ​​of the two battery cells at the same sampling time point.

[0142] In the embodiment of the present application, the same sampling time point refers to the time point at which the sampling chip 11 simultaneously collects relevant parameter information (such as voltage, current, and / or temperature data) of multiple battery cells within a set sampling period, or is referred to as the "same sampling moment". Since the sampling chip 11 has the ability to synchronously sample multiple sampling channels (i.e., sampling paths), the sampling parameter values ​​of multiple battery cells can be obtained at the same sampling time point. By comparing the sampling parameter values ​​of two battery cells at the same sampling time point, it can be determined whether there is an abnormal deviation, thereby inferring whether there is a sampling channel failure. For example, if the absolute value of the voltage difference between the two battery cells exceeds the target voltage difference threshold (such as 100mV), it means that the voltage difference between the two battery cells exceeds the reasonable range, and it is possible that the sampling path corresponding to one of the battery cells has an error and fails.

[0143] In some embodiments, Figure 1 Based on the battery management system 10 shown, see Figure 7 , the operation circuit 101 may include a first calculation module 101a.

[0144] In an embodiment of the present application, when the target threshold includes a target difference threshold, taking the two battery cells including a first battery cell and a second battery cell as an example, the first calculation module 101a is configured to obtain the sampling parameter value of the first battery cell and the sampling parameter value of the battery cell at the same sampling moment, compare the sampling parameter value of the first battery cell with the sampling parameter value of the second battery cell, and determine the sampling difference between the first battery cell and the second battery cell; and determine the fault judgment results of the sampling channels corresponding to the first battery cell and the second battery cell based on the sampling difference and the target difference threshold.

[0145] It should be noted that when the sampling parameter value is a temperature parameter value, the sampling parameter value of the first battery cell is used to indicate the temperature parameter of the first battery cell, and the sampling parameter value of the second battery cell is used to indicate the temperature parameter of the second battery cell. Accordingly, the sampling difference is used to indicate the temperature difference between the first battery cell and the second battery cell. At this time, the sampling difference is compared with the target temperature difference threshold to determine the fault judgment results of the sampling channels corresponding to the first battery cell and the second battery cell.

[0146] It should also be noted that when the sampling parameter value is a voltage parameter value, the sampling parameter value of the first battery cell is used to indicate the sampling voltage of the first battery cell, and the sampling parameter value of the second battery cell is used to indicate the sampling voltage of the second battery cell. Accordingly, the sampling difference is used to indicate the voltage difference between the first battery cell and the second battery cell. At this time, the sampling difference is compared with the target voltage difference threshold to determine the fault judgment results of the sampling channels corresponding to the first battery cell and the second battery cell.

[0147] Similarly, in an embodiment of the present application, when the sampling parameter value is other parameter values ​​(such as current parameter values), after obtaining the corresponding sampling difference value, the sampling difference value can be compared with the target current difference threshold value to determine the fault judgment results of the sampling channels corresponding to the first battery cell and the second battery cell.

[0148] In one possible implementation, the first battery cell and the second battery cell are any two battery cells of the same type in the battery device. For example, the first battery cell and the second battery cell are both lithium battery cells, or both are lead-acid battery cells, or both are nickel-metal hydride battery cells. Furthermore, the first battery cell and the second battery cell may be adjacent or non-adjacent battery cells.

[0149] In this implementation, after receiving the sampled parameter values ​​of each battery cell, the first calculation module 101a can select any one of these battery cells as the first battery cell, and then select the second battery cell from the remaining battery cells, wherein the first battery cell and the second battery cell can be adjacent battery cells. Finally, the first calculation module 101a can calculate the sampling difference between the two and determine the fault judgment results of the sampling channels corresponding to the first battery cell and the second battery cell based on the sampling difference and the target difference threshold.

[0150] It should be noted that the fault judgment results of the sampling channels corresponding to the first and second battery cells are determined based on the sampling difference and the target difference threshold. The sampling difference can be compared with the target difference threshold. If the sampling difference is greater than the target difference threshold, it is determined that the sampling channels corresponding to the first and second battery cells have faults. If the sampling difference is less than or equal to the target difference threshold, it is determined that neither of the sampling channels corresponding to the first and second battery cells has faults.

[0151] It should also be noted that when the sampling difference is greater than the target difference threshold, it may be that the sampling channel corresponding to the first battery cell is faulty, or the sampling channel corresponding to the second battery cell is faulty, or both the sampling channels corresponding to the first battery cell and the second battery cell are faulty. In these cases, when the first calculation module 101a reports the fault judgment result to the control device 12, it can default to reporting that: the sampling channels corresponding to the first battery cell and the second battery cell are faulty. The control device 12 then further determines whether the sampling channel corresponding to the first battery cell or the second battery cell is faulty.

[0152] For example, taking the sampling parameter value as a voltage parameter value, the target difference threshold may be a target pressure difference threshold. The first calculation module 101a is configured to, after determining the sampling difference between the first battery cell and the second battery cell, compare the sampling difference with the target pressure difference threshold. If the sampling difference is greater than the target pressure difference threshold, it is determined that a fault exists in the sampling channels corresponding to the first battery cell and the second battery cell. If the sampling difference is less than or equal to the target pressure difference threshold, it is determined that no fault exists in the sampling channels corresponding to the first battery cell and the second battery cell.

[0153] Exemplarily, the first calculation module 101a is configured to, after determining the sampling difference between the first battery cell and the second battery cell, compare the sampling difference with the target pressure difference threshold and count the comparison result. If the sampling difference is greater than the target pressure difference threshold, the count result is incremented by 1. If the sampling difference is less than or equal to the target pressure difference threshold, then when the count result is greater than 0, the count result is decremented by 1. Finally, it is determined whether the count result is greater than a first preset value. When the final count result is greater than the first preset value, it is determined that a fault exists in the sampling channels corresponding to the first battery cell and the second battery cell. When the final count result is less than or equal to the first preset value, it is determined that no fault exists in the sampling channels corresponding to the first battery cell and the second battery cell.

[0154] It should be noted that when the sampling difference value is equal to the target pressure difference threshold, the processing can be consistent with the processing when the sampling difference value is greater than the target pressure difference threshold, or it can also be consistent with the processing when the sampling difference value is less than the target pressure difference threshold, and there is no limitation on this. Similarly, when the final counting result is equal to the first preset value, the processing can be consistent with the processing when the final counting result is greater than the first preset value, or it can also be consistent with the processing when the final counting result is less than the first preset value, and there is no limitation on this.

[0155] In an embodiment of the present application, the first calculation module 101a can be associated with a first fault counter for the combination of the first battery cell and the second battery cell. In this case, the first fault counter counts the number of times the sampling difference exceeds the target voltage difference threshold. The first fault counter can be a counting circuit in the first calculation module 101a, or it can be a software counter, which is not limited here. In this way, the first calculation module 101a can determine the fault judgment result of the sampling channel corresponding to the first battery cell and the second battery cell based on the sampling difference and the count result of the first fault counter.

[0156] Thus, in the embodiment of the present application, the first calculation module 101a is set in the operation circuit 101, and by comparing the voltage difference between the first battery cell and the second battery cell, the voltage correlation between the sampling channels is utilized, and by setting a reasonable voltage difference threshold, combined with the counting mechanism of the first fault counter, rapid detection and fault diagnosis of hardware failure can be achieved. There is no need to rely on redundant sampling circuits to realize fault judgment of the sampling channel, which not only improves the accuracy of the fault judgment result, but also avoids the risk of thermal runaway caused by continued use because the battery cell abnormality can be identified as early as possible.

[0157] It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present application, the target voltage difference threshold value can be pre-set by those skilled in the art according to the actual application scenario, or it can be determined based on historical data learning, which is not limited here. For example, the target voltage difference threshold value can be a pre-set maximum allowable value of the voltage difference, which is used to determine whether there is an abnormal voltage deviation between the two battery cells. For example, in a battery pack, the voltages of different battery cells may fluctuate slightly due to manufacturing differences or different degrees of aging, but if the voltage difference between the two battery cells exceeds the target voltage difference threshold value at the same sampling time point, it may mean that at least one of the battery cells is faulty, or there is an error or a short circuit problem in the voltage sampling path corresponding to at least one battery cell 20.

[0158] In a specific embodiment, the first calculation module 101a is a pressure difference calculation unit. Exemplarily, the workflow of the pressure difference calculation unit may also include: step 1, periodically starting the AFE chip to sample the voltage of the battery cell, obtaining the sampling voltage corresponding to each battery cell, which is sequentially represented as V1 to Vn; step 2, calculating the voltage difference between adjacent sampling channels, i.e. |Vn-Vn-1|, and judging whether the voltage difference is greater than the target pressure difference threshold A; step 3, if the voltage difference is greater than the target pressure difference threshold A, the fault counting result designed in the software is counter+1 (equivalent to the first fault counter plus 1), and the pressure difference judgment of each two sampling channels such as V2-V1 and Vn-Vn-1 has a fault counter. The group whose voltage difference is greater than the target pressure difference threshold A has its counter+1 (equivalent to the first fault counter plus 1); step Step 4: Determine whether the fault counter of each group is greater than a first preset value. If the fault counter is greater than the first preset value, report that there is a voltage sampling fault in the sampling channels corresponding to the two battery cells in the group. Step 5: If the voltage difference is less than or equal to the target voltage difference threshold A in step 2, determine whether the fault counter of the group is greater than 0. If the fault counter of the group is greater than 0, decrement the fault counter by 1 and continue with step 4 for determination. If the fault counter is greater than the first preset value, determine that there is a voltage sampling fault in the sampling channels corresponding to the two battery cells in the group. If the fault counter is less than or equal to the first preset value, determine that there is no voltage sampling fault in the sampling channels corresponding to the two battery cells in the group.

[0159] Based on the above embodiment, in actual applications, a battery device may use cells from different manufacturers. This may result in the battery device including different types of cells, for example, a first cell being a lithium cell and a second cell being a phosphate cell. Due to factors such as the cell's own structural materials, there may be inherent deviations between different types of cells, which may interfere with the comparison results.

[0160] In another possible implementation, the first computing module 101a is further configured to, in the case that the first battery cell and the second battery cell are battery cells of different types, acquire a preset difference value between the first battery cell and the second battery cell, and determine the fault judgment result of the sampling channel corresponding to the first battery cell and the second battery cell according to the preset difference value and the sampling difference value.

[0161] It should be noted that the preset difference value is determined according to the types of the first battery cell and the second battery cell. When the types of the first battery cell and the second battery cell change, the preset difference value also changes. For example, the first computing module 101a pre-stores preset difference values corresponding to a plurality of battery cell type combinations, and can acquire the preset difference value corresponding to the first battery cell and the second battery cell based on a lookup table.

[0162] In the embodiments of the present application, still taking the sampling parameter value as the voltage parameter value as an example, the first computing module 101a can subtract the preset difference value from the sampling difference value to obtain a new sampling difference value, which is the voltage difference after removing the influence factors of different battery cell types, and can more accurately reflect the voltage change between the first battery cell and the second battery cell. On this basis, the fault judgment result of the sampling channel corresponding to the first battery cell and the second battery cell is determined according to the new sampling difference value and the target voltage difference threshold. Wherein, the new sampling difference value and the target voltage difference threshold can be compared, if the new sampling difference value is greater than the target voltage difference threshold, it is determined that the sampling channel corresponding to the first battery cell and the second battery cell has a fault; if the new sampling difference value is less than or equal to the target voltage difference threshold, it is determined that the sampling channel corresponding to the first battery cell and the second battery cell has no fault.

[0163] Wherein, in the case that the new sampling difference value is greater than the target voltage difference threshold, at this time, it is possible that the sampling channel corresponding to the first battery cell has a fault, it is also possible that the sampling channel corresponding to the second battery cell has a fault, and it is also possible that the sampling channels corresponding to the first battery cell and the second battery cell both have faults, but when the first computing module 101a reports the fault judgment result to the control device 12, at this time, it can be defaulted to report that the sampling channel corresponding to the first battery cell and the second battery cell has a fault. Subsequently, the control device 12 further determines whether the sampling channel corresponding to the first battery cell or the second battery cell has a fault.

[0164] In another possible implementation, when designing the target voltage difference threshold, the difference between battery cells of different types can be considered to increase (or decrease) the target voltage difference threshold, for example, the target voltage difference threshold plus (or minus) the preset difference value to obtain a new target voltage difference threshold. On this basis, the sampling difference value can be compared with the new target voltage difference threshold, so as to also offset the influence of the above voltage deviation.

[0165] In an embodiment of the present application, when the battery device includes multiple different types of battery cells, for example, the types of the first battery cell and the second battery cell are different, a preset difference is introduced for different types of battery cells. In this way, the preset difference introduced by the type difference is considered in the difference comparison process. In this way, the preset difference is combined with the sampling difference to determine the fault judgment results of the sampling channels corresponding to the first battery cell and the second battery cell with higher accuracy; in addition, it also helps to maintain high diagnostic sensitivity and robustness in the scenario of heterogeneous battery cells, thereby expanding the application scope of fault detection.

[0166] That is to say, the first calculation module 101a is added to replace the hardware redundancy in the related art. The first calculation module 101a performs a pressure difference comparison on the sampling parameter values ​​(such as sampling voltage, sampling temperature, etc.) of the two battery cells at the same sampling moment to determine the sampling difference between the two. If the absolute value of the sampling difference exceeds the target pressure difference threshold, it is determined that at least one of the sampling channels corresponding to the two battery cells has failed (or, in other words, the voltage of at least one of the two battery cells is abnormal). In this way, the first calculation module is used to replace the hardware redundancy, which can achieve rapid diagnosis, reduce the software calculation amount of the control device, and ensure the detection capability of the failure mode. Moreover, by setting a reasonable target pressure difference threshold, it can also accurately determine whether the sampling channel corresponding to each battery cell has failed, reduce misjudgment, and thus improve the diagnosis efficiency.

[0167] In some embodiments, the operation circuit 101 is configured to determine whether a sampling channel corresponding to a battery cell is invalid based on changes between sampling parameter values ​​of the same battery cell at at least two sampling time points.

[0168] In the embodiments of the present application, the sampled parameter values ​​of the same battery cell at different sampling time points refer to the relevant parameter information (such as voltage, current, and / or temperature data) collected from the battery cell at multiple time points. By analyzing the changing trends of the sampled parameters of the same battery cell at at least two sampling time points, it is possible to determine whether the sampled parameters collected for the battery cell have abnormal fluctuations. For example, if the battery cell voltage changes dramatically in a short period of time (such as dV / dt exceeding ±10mV / ms), this may be due to a battery cell anomaly, or due to filter failure in the sampling circuit, ADC conversion errors, or other hardware problems.

[0169] In some embodiments, Figure 1 Based on the battery management system 10 shown, continue to refer to Figure 7 , the operation circuit 101 may include a second calculation module 101b.

[0170] In an embodiment of the present application, when the target threshold includes a target change rate threshold, taking the first battery cell as an example, the second calculation module 101b is configured to obtain the sampling parameter value of the first battery cell at the first moment and the sampling parameter value at the second moment; perform slope calculation based on the sampling parameter value at the first moment and the sampling parameter value at the second moment to determine the sampling change rate of the first battery cell; and determine the fault judgment result of the sampling channel corresponding to the first battery cell based on the sampling change rate of the first battery cell and the target change rate threshold.

[0171] It should be noted that the second calculation module 101b can be a functional unit specifically used to calculate the rate of change of a sampling parameter over a period of time. It calculates the sampling rate of change of the cell by performing differential calculations on the sampled parameter values ​​of the same cell at different times. By embedding the second calculation module 101b into the sampling chip, it can reduce the computational burden of the control device 12 and improve the real-time performance and reliability of the system. Compared to the redundant sampling and verification schemes of related technologies, the second calculation module 101b can more sensitively detect abnormal voltage fluctuations, such as cell voltage jumps.

[0172] It should also be noted that after receiving the sampling parameter value of at least one battery cell at the current moment, the second calculation module 101b can also obtain the sampling parameter value of the at least one battery cell at a historical moment from the data register, and then calculate the sampling change rate of each battery cell.

[0173] In an embodiment of the present application, the first battery cell may refer to any battery cell currently selected for sampling change rate calculation. The second moment may be, for example, a moment before the first moment, and the first moment and the second moment may be two adjacent sampling time points; or the second moment may be a moment before the first moment, which is separated from the first moment by a certain time length, such as a few milliseconds. This is used to ensure that the calculation of the sampling value change rate has sufficient time domain information. The sampling value rate of the first battery cell is determined by calculating the ratio between the difference between the sampling parameter values ​​at the first moment and the second moment and the interval between the first moment and the second moment, and then determining whether the sampling channel corresponding to the first battery cell has a fault based on the sampling change rate.

[0174] In some embodiments, the time interval between the first moment and the second moment can be reasonably set according to the sampling frequency to take into account both response speed and judgment accuracy.

[0175] Exemplarily, the second calculation module 101b is configured to determine whether the sampling change rate of the first battery cell is greater than a target change rate threshold. If the sampling change rate of the first battery cell is greater than the target change rate threshold, it is determined that a fault exists in the sampling channel corresponding to the first battery cell. If the sampling change rate of the first battery cell is less than or equal to the target change rate threshold, it is determined that no fault exists in the sampling channel corresponding to the first battery cell.

[0176] Exemplarily, the second calculation module 101b is used to pre-associate a second fault counter with the sampling channel corresponding to each battery cell. The second fault counter can be a hardware counting circuit or a software counter, wherein the second fault counter is used to count the number of battery cell failures. When the sampling change rate of the battery cell is greater than the target change rate threshold, the count result of the second fault counter is increased by 1. When the sampling change rate of the battery cell is less than or equal to the target change rate threshold, when the count result of the second fault counter is greater than 0, the count result of the second fault counter is reduced by 1. Finally, the fault judgment result of the sampling channel corresponding to the first battery cell is determined based on the final counting result. If the final counting result is greater than the second preset value, it is determined that the sampling channel corresponding to the first battery cell has a fault. If the final counting result is less than or equal to the second preset value, it is determined that the sampling channel corresponding to the first battery cell does not have a fault.

[0177] It should be noted that when the sampling change rate is equal to the target change rate threshold, the processing can be consistent with the processing when the sampling change rate is greater than the target change rate threshold, or the processing can be consistent with the processing when the sampling change rate is less than the target change rate threshold, and there is no limitation on this. Similarly, when the final counting result is equal to the second preset value, the processing can be consistent with the processing when the final counting result is greater than the second preset value, or the processing can be consistent with the processing when the final counting result is less than the second preset value, and there is no limitation on this.

[0178] It should also be noted that in the embodiments of the present application, the target rate of change threshold may be pre-set by those skilled in the art according to the actual application scenario, or may be determined based on historical data learning, and is not limited here. For example, taking the sampling parameter value as the voltage parameter value as an example, the target rate of change threshold may be the first rate of change threshold. Among them, the first rate of change threshold may be a safety boundary value set according to the expected battery cell voltage change characteristics, and if the rate of change of the sampled voltage exceeds the first rate of change threshold, it is considered that the voltage change of the battery cell is abnormal. For example, when the battery cell voltage changes drastically in a short period of time, it may be caused by drift in the sampling circuit, noise interference, or internal short circuit of the battery cell. By calculating the rate of change of the sampled voltage of the battery cell at multiple sampling moments and comparing it with the first rate of change threshold, the stability of the sampling path and the health of the battery cell operation can be further verified.

[0179] In a specific embodiment, the second calculation module 101b is a slope calculation unit. For example, the workflow of the slope calculation unit may include: step 1, periodically start the AFE chip to sample the voltage of the battery cell, obtain the sampling voltage V11 of Cell1 at time t1, the sampling voltage V21 of Cell2 at time t1, and so on, and store the voltage values ​​collected by the sampling channels of all battery cells at that time; step 2, perform slope calculation on the voltage value V11 at time t1 and the voltage value V12 at time t2 of the sampling channel corresponding to Cell1 to obtain the voltage change rate, and determine whether the voltage change rate is greater than the first change rate threshold M, |V12-V11| / (t2-t1)>M; step 3, if the slope (equivalent to the voltage change rate) is greater than the first change rate threshold M, then the fault counting result designed in the software is counter+1 (equivalent to the second fault counter plus 1), and the sampling of each battery cell is The slope judgment of each sampling channel has a fault counter. If the voltage change rate of a battery cell is greater than the first change rate threshold M, the fault counter of that battery cell is increased by 1. Step 4: determine whether each fault counter (the counting result of the second fault counter) is greater than the second preset value. If it is greater than, report the voltage sampling fault of the corresponding sampling channel. Step 5: if the voltage change rate is less than or equal to the first change rate threshold M in step 2, determine whether the fault counter of the corresponding sampling channel is greater than 0. If the counter is greater than 0, the fault counter is decreased by 1, and continue to step 4 for judgment. Among them, if the fault counter is greater than the second preset value, it is determined that the sampling channel corresponding to the battery cell has a voltage sampling fault; otherwise, it is determined that the sampling channel corresponding to the battery cell does not have a voltage sampling fault.

[0180] In this way, a second computing module is added here to replace the hardware redundancy used in related technologies. By continuously monitoring the sampled data of the same battery cell at different times, potential slow failures or intermittent faults in the sampling path can be effectively detected. Compared with methods that rely on redundant hardware structures, this approach has higher sensitivity and robustness. This can enhance the detection capability of sampling path faults, thereby improving system stability and safety, and thus meeting ASIL D functional safety requirements.

[0181] It is understood that in the embodiment of the present application, the first calculation module 101a and the second calculation module 101b can be integrated into the operation circuit 101 at the same time, or only the first calculation module 101a can be integrated into the operation circuit 101, or only the second calculation module 101b can be integrated into the operation circuit 101, without any limitation herein. In other words, the two strategies of comparing the sampled parameter values ​​and calculating the rate of change of the sampled parameter values ​​can be executed separately or in combination.

[0182] It should also be noted that for sampling paths that may fail, the control device 12 can mark the sampling path as suspicious and enter the next step of the diagnostic process. This diagnostic method can quickly identify single-point failures in the sampling path and reduce misjudgments or missed detections caused by sampling errors.

[0183] In the above embodiment, whether the sampling paths corresponding to the two battery cells are invalid is determined based on the difference between the state information of the two battery cells at the same sampling time point, and / or whether the sampling path corresponding to the battery cell is invalid is determined based on the change in the state information of the same battery cell at at least two sampling time points. In this way, by analyzing the difference in sampling data of multiple battery cells at the same time and / or the change in data of a single battery cell at different times, abnormal sampling paths can be identified without relying on redundant hardware structures.

[0184] That is to say, in an embodiment of the present application, on the one hand, if the absolute value of the difference between the sampling temperatures of two battery cells at the same sampling time point exceeds the target temperature difference threshold, it is determined that at least one of the temperature sampling paths corresponding to the two battery cells has failed, and / or the temperature of at least one of the two battery cells is abnormal. In this way, by setting a reasonable target temperature difference threshold, it is possible to accurately judge whether the temperature sampling path of the battery cell has failed and / or whether the temperature of the battery cell has been abnormal, thereby reducing misjudgments and improving diagnostic efficiency. On the other hand, if the rate of change of the sampling temperatures of the same battery cell at at least two sampling time points exceeds a second change rate threshold, it is determined that the temperature sampling path corresponding to the battery cell has failed, and / or the temperature of the battery cell has been abnormal. In this way, by setting a reasonable second change rate threshold, it is possible to accurately judge whether the temperature sampling path has failed and / or whether the temperature of the battery cell has been abnormal, thereby reducing misjudgments and improving diagnostic efficiency.

[0185] In some embodiments, Figure 1 Based on the battery management system 10 shown, see Figure 8 The sampling chip 11 may further include a register component 117, which may include a data register 117a and a fault register 117b. The at least one sampling circuit is configured to store a sampled parameter value of at least one of the plurality of cells in the data register 117a; the operation circuit is further configured to write a fault determination result of a sampling channel corresponding to each cell into the fault register 117b.

[0186] In some embodiments, the control device 12 is further configured to obtain a sampled parameter value of at least one of the plurality of battery cells from the sampling chip 11 via a communication path, perform a failure diagnosis on the communication path based on the sampled parameter value of the at least one battery cell, and determine a failure diagnosis result for the communication path. A communication path exists between the sampling chip 11 and the control device 12.

[0187] In an embodiment of the present application, the control device 12 can read the sampled parameter values ​​of at least one battery cell collected from the data register 117a of the sampling chip 11 and perform a communication integrity check on the read sampled data. For example, the cyclic redundancy check code (CRC) or checksum of the acquired sampled data can be calculated to verify whether errors occurred during the transmission of the sampled data. In another example, the data frame format can be checked to ensure that it meets expectations, such as whether fields such as the address ID and length are correct, to ensure the reliability of the communication path. In another example, the communication response time of the sampled data can be checked to ensure that it does not exceed a preset time.

[0188] In some embodiments, the control device 12 is further configured to diagnose whether the sampling parameter value of each battery cell exceeds the target limit range. If the sampling parameter value of the battery cell exceeds the target limit range, it is determined that the sampling channel corresponding to the battery cell has failed or the state of the battery cell is abnormal.

[0189] In the embodiment of the present application, the target limited range is the range of values ​​of the battery cell's safe operating status information. For example, if the sampling parameter value includes a sampled voltage, the target limited range may be a set safe voltage range (e.g., 0V to 5V). When the sampled voltage of a battery cell exceeds this safe voltage range, the control device 12 may mark the sampled voltage of the battery cell as abnormal. For another example, if the sampling parameter value includes a sampled temperature, the target limited range may be a set safe temperature range. When the sampled temperature of a battery cell exceeds this safe temperature range, the control device 12 may mark the sampled temperature of the battery cell as abnormal.

[0190] It is understandable that when the battery cell is operating normally, the sampling parameter value of the battery cell will not exceed the target limit range. If the sampling parameter value of the battery cell obtained by the control device 12 exceeds the target limit range, it may be that the sampling channel corresponding to the battery cell fails, resulting in abnormal sampling parameter value, or the state of the battery cell itself may be abnormal.

[0191] In some embodiments, the control device 12 is configured to read the fault determination result of the sampling channel corresponding to each battery cell from the fault register 117 b when the failure diagnosis result of the communication path indicates that the communication path has not failed.

[0192] In an embodiment of the present application, the fault register 117b may include a pressure differential fault register, a temperature differential fault register, a voltage change rate fault register, a temperature change rate fault register, and the like. For example, the fault judgment result obtained by the first calculation module 101a may be stored in the pressure differential fault register. Thus, taking the pressure differential comparison of the battery cell as an example, by reading the value of the pressure differential fault register, if a bit is set, the control device 12 can mark an abnormality; taking the temperature differential comparison of the battery cell as an example, by reading the value of the temperature differential fault register, if a bit is set, the control device 12 can mark an abnormality.

[0193] In the above embodiment, by adding a failure diagnosis mechanism to the communication path, communication failures such as communication interruptions or data errors can be identified. Furthermore, failure diagnosis results for the sampling channels corresponding to each battery cell can be obtained even when the communication path is not faulty. This improves the integrity and reliability of the sampled data obtained by the control device, thereby increasing the accuracy of failure diagnosis for the sampling path and enhancing the overall safety performance of the system.

[0194] It is also understood that in some embodiments, see Figure 9 The battery management system 10 may further include an isolated communication chip 13, which is disposed on the communication path between the sampling chip 11 and the control device 12. The function of the isolated communication chip 13 is to transmit data between the sampling chip 11 and the control device 12. For example, the isolated communication chip 13 is configured to forward the sampled parameter value of at least one of the multiple battery cells sent by the sampling chip 11 to the control device 12, or to forward the fault determination results of the sampling channels corresponding to each battery cell sent by the sampling chip 11 to the control device 12.

[0195] In the embodiments of the present application, the isolated communication chip 13, also referred to as an interface chip, not only functions as a communication chip within the battery management system 10 but also provides electrical isolation. For example, the isolated communication chip 13 blocks direct electrical connections between high-voltage and low-voltage control circuits (e.g., an MCU), preventing high voltage from entering the low-voltage terminal during a fault, thereby ensuring operator safety and protecting sensitive electronic equipment from damage. Furthermore, the isolated communication chip 13 establishes a signal transmission channel (i.e., a communication path or link) between the sampling chip 11 and the control device 12, ensuring the accurate transfer of data, instructions, and other related information.

[0196] That is to say, in the embodiment of the present application, the isolated communication chip 13 can achieve high and low voltage isolation through capacitors and / or transformers. In addition, the failure diagnosis of the isolated communication chip 13 can be achieved by comparing the communication response time, checking the integrity of the data packet, and / or verifying the consistency of the protocol, so as to determine whether there is an abnormality at the hardware or software level of the isolated communication chip 13. If a communication failure occurs, it means that the data on the entire communication link is unreliable and it is necessary to enter a safe state, such as disconnecting the high-voltage relay.

[0197] In an embodiment of the present application, the control device 12 can read the sampled parameter values ​​of the collected battery cells from the sampling chip 11 through the isolated communication chip 13, and perform a communication integrity check on the read sampled parameter values. For example, the cyclic redundancy check code (CRC) or checksum of the acquired sampled data can be calculated to verify whether an error occurred during the transmission of the sampled data. For another example, it can be checked whether the data frame format meets expectations, such as whether fields such as the address ID and length are correct, to ensure the reliability of the communication link. For another example, it can be detected whether the communication response time of the sampled data does not exceed a preset time.

[0198] In the above embodiment, by adding a failure diagnosis mechanism to the communication link, communication component failures such as communication interruptions or data errors can be identified. Only when the communication component has not failed can failure diagnosis be performed on the sampling path corresponding to each cell based on the cell status information. This improves the integrity and reliability of the sampled data obtained by the control component, thereby increasing the accuracy of failure diagnosis of the sampling path and improving the overall safety performance of the system.

[0199] It can also be understood that the operation circuit 101 in the above embodiment is provided in the sampling chip 11. In another possible implementation, Figure 2 Based on the battery management system 10 shown, see Figure 10 , the operation circuit 101 is set in the isolation communication chip 13.

[0200] In this implementation mode, the isolated communication chip 13 is configured to receive the sampling parameter value of at least one battery cell among the multiple battery cells sent by the sampling chip, determine the status information of one or more battery cells through the operation circuit and the sampling parameter value of at least one battery cell, and compare the status information of one or more battery cells with the target threshold to determine the fault judgment result of the sampling channel corresponding to each battery cell; and write the fault judgment result of the sampling channel corresponding to each battery cell into the fault register.

[0201] In the embodiment of the present application, by integrating the operation circuit into the isolated communication chip 13, the software calculation amount of the control device can be reduced, thereby ensuring the real-time performance of the calculation and quickly judging abnormal changes in the sampling channel; at the same time, for the daisy chain structure formed by multiple sampling chips, it is not necessary for each sampling chip to have a built-in operation circuit, and the sampling data is uniformly processed by the isolated communication chip, which not only improves the data processing efficiency, but also improves the accuracy of the fault judgment results.

[0202] In the embodiment of the present application, comparing the status information of one or more battery cells with the target threshold value may include the following implementations:

[0203] In one possible implementation, the status information here takes the voltage change rate of a single battery cell as an example. For each battery cell, the change rate is calculated based on the sampling parameter values ​​of the battery cell at different sampling times, and the status information of the battery cell is compared with the target threshold (such as the target change rate threshold) to determine the fault judgment result of the sampling channel corresponding to the battery cell.

[0204] In another possible implementation, the status information herein uses the voltage difference between two battery cells as an example. Two battery cells are identified from a plurality of battery cells as a group, and a difference calculation is performed on the sampled parameter values ​​of the two battery cells in the group to obtain the status information of the two battery cells. This status information is then compared with a target threshold (e.g., a target difference threshold) to determine a fault determination result for the sampling channels corresponding to the two battery cells. The fault determination result for the sampling channels corresponding to the two battery cells is then reported to the control device 12, for example, either reporting that a sampling fault exists in the sampling channels corresponding to the two battery cells, or reporting that no sampling fault exists in the sampling channels corresponding to the two battery cells.

[0205] In some embodiments, when a battery device includes a small number of cells, a single sampling chip can be used to sample all cells in the battery device. This scenario is referred to as a low-voltage scenario, such as a battery voltage scenario of 12V or 48V. In a low-voltage scenario, the operation circuit 101 can be provided in the sampling chip.

[0206] In some embodiments, when a battery device includes a large number of cells, multiple sampling chips are required to sample the cells in the battery device. This scenario is called a high-voltage scenario, such as a battery voltage scenario of 400V or 800V. In this scenario, the operation circuit 101 can be provided in the isolated communication chip 13, and the multiple sampling chips can be connected using a daisy-chain structure.

[0207] It should also be noted that the difference between the operation circuit 101 being arranged on the isolated communication chip 13 and the operation circuit 101 being arranged on the sampling chip 12 is only the hardware layout position of the operation circuit 101. Other functions are the same as those described in the previous embodiment and will not be described in detail here.

[0208] The following describes the application of the battery management system provided in the embodiments of the present application in actual scenarios.

[0209] Taking the automotive electronics field as an example, AFE is currently commonly used in this field to sample battery cell voltage and battery cell / module temperature. To meet the functional safety standards (such as ASIL C / D) at the BMS level to prevent thermal runaway caused by battery overvoltage or undervoltage, redundant ADCs are usually used inside the AFE for sampling. That is, the main ADC and another redundant auxiliary ADC are used to collect battery cell voltage or battery cell temperature together. The AFE chip compares the voltage or temperature values ​​sampled by the main ADC and auxiliary ADC to confirm whether the ADC sampling channel has failed, so as to avoid inaccurate voltage or temperature collection due to AFE sampling failure.

[0210] In some related technical solutions, redundant MUXs or filters are often required in addition to redundant ADCs. Each AFE manufacturer's safety mechanism is completely dependent on its own chip architecture, and different redundancy methods also lead to different diagnostic solutions. This leads to the following drawbacks:

[0211] 1) High hardware cost: Redundant ADC design and additional internal diagnostic circuits, such as comparators, increase hardware costs;

[0212] 2) Poor flexibility: Hardware diagnostic logic usually follows the internal architecture. If a problem with the diagnostic logic is found, the hardware may need to be redesigned.

[0213] 3) Difficulty in maintenance and updating: Software strategies change with hardware architecture, and the software development cycle is long when switching AFEs from different manufacturers.

[0214] In light of this, embodiments of the present application provide a software-based failure diagnosis solution that meets ASIL D safety standards based on a single ADC hardware architecture. This solution leverages key AFE hardware diagnostics and computational circuitry (including a new voltage drop and slope calculation unit) to ensure that all single-point failures can be diagnosed. For example, by integrating a primary detection circuit within the AFE and enabling the control component to execute a multi-dimensional failure diagnosis process, comprehensive monitoring of configuration registers, sampling auxiliary components, sampling channels, and communication paths is achieved.

[0215] The present embodiment provides a design solution for an AFE minimum functional safety architecture that meets ASIL D requirements. This design solution not only retains key hardware monitoring within the AFE chip, namely the hardware monitoring circuits for detecting common cause failures affecting the entire AFE sampling loop (corresponding to the first and / or second detection circuits in the aforementioned embodiments), such as the power supply detection circuit, reference source detection circuit, clock detection circuit, and internal self-test circuits that perform power-on self-tests on the power supply detection circuit, reference source detection circuit, and clock detection circuit. Furthermore, it replaces redundant hardware with a new voltage difference and slope calculation unit to detect failures in ADC sampling channels, communication paths, and registers. This replacement of redundant hardware with the new voltage difference and slope calculation unit enables rapid diagnosis, reduces hardware complexity, and ensures the ability to detect failure modes, thus meeting ASIL D requirements. The control device only needs to read flag bits, reducing the software computation workload and shortening the software development cycle.

[0216] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the structure of a battery management system provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 10 ,like Figure 11 As shown, the battery device includes multiple cells (e.g., cell Cell1, ..., cell Celln-1, cell Celln, where n is an integer greater than 1). The negative electrode of cell Cell1 is connected to the V0 pin of the AFE chip, the positive electrode of cell Cell1 is connected to the V1 pin of the AFE chip, the negative electrode of cell Celln-1 is connected to the V(n-2) pin of the AFE chip, the positive electrode of cell Celln-1 is connected to the V(n-1) pin of the AFE chip, the negative electrode of cell Celln is connected to the V(n-1) pin of the AFE chip, the positive electrode of cell Celln is connected to the Vn pin of the AFE chip, and so on. The Vn and V(n-1) pins of the AFE chip are connected to independent internal level converters LS. The positive and negative voltage signals of each cell pass through the level converter LS, and the differential voltage is input to the input port of the corresponding ADC. Each ADC is connected to a filter FIL at the back end. The sampled data after analog-to-digital conversion and filtering is transmitted to the register component 117, and is sent to the isolation communication chip 13 through the digital control unit 118 (including an operation circuit, such as a first calculation module and a second calculation module), and then sent to the control device 12 (such as an MCU) for diagnosis.

[0217] Continue to see Figure 10The AFE also integrates a voltage regulator 112a, a reference voltage source 112b, and a clock source 112c. The voltage regulator 112a regulates the module voltage (i.e., the AFE chip's supply voltage) to a low voltage (corresponding to the target voltage range in the aforementioned embodiments) for use by internal digital or analog circuits. The AFE chip can contain one or more voltage regulators, which is not a limitation in the present embodiments. The reference voltage source 112b provides a reference voltage to the ADC for high-precision sampling. The clock source 112c provides a clock for ADC sampling and chip state switching. In addition to the basic functional circuits, the AFE also integrates a first detection circuit 113 for periodic monitoring and failure diagnosis of the voltage regulator 112a, reference voltage source 112b, and clock source 112c. Furthermore, the AFE may also integrate a BIST circuit 1151 for power-on self-testing the first detection circuit 113 to confirm its accuracy.

[0218] In one possible implementation, Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a failure diagnosis method provided in an embodiment of the present application. The method can be executed by a control device (such as an MCU) in a battery management system, such as Figure 12 As shown, the failure diagnosis method includes the following steps S301 to S314:

[0219] Step S301: After the AFE is powered on and initialized, the configuration register of the AFE is configured and the configuration register result of the AFE is read.

[0220] If the configuration register fails, the process goes to step S302 ; if the configuration register does not fail, the process goes to step S303 .

[0221] During power-on initialization and configuration, the AFE operating mode, such as ADC resolution, sampling rate, and channel selection, is configured. The reference source, filter, and clock module are enabled, and hardware protection thresholds (such as overvoltage and undervoltage thresholds for power supply monitoring) are set. Then, during the AFE register configuration readout, key registers are read back and the written and read values ​​are compared to confirm successful configuration and verify that the register configuration has not been tampered with (for example, due to electromagnetic interference or memory failure).

[0222] In an embodiment of the present application, the failure of the configuration register includes, but is not limited to, a failure of communication between the control device and the configuration register, a hardware failure of the configuration register itself, and / or a failure of the configuration information stored in the configuration register. For example, the configuration information written and the configuration information read back can be compared to determine whether they are consistent to confirm whether the configuration register has failed. If the configuration information written and the configuration information read back are consistent, the configuration is confirmed to be successful, that is, the configuration register has not failed. If the configuration information written and the configuration information read back are inconsistent, the configuration is confirmed to be unsuccessful, that is, the configuration register has failed (for example, the configuration information has been tampered with due to electromagnetic interference or memory failure).

[0223] Step S302: Report a configuration register failure and / or a first communication failure.

[0224] The first communication failure may represent a communication failure between the control device and the configuration register.

[0225] In some embodiments, since configuration register failure and communication failure may cause abnormal operation of the AFE as a whole, the sampling data of each battery cell are unreliable. Therefore, when a configuration register failure, a first communication failure and / or the second communication failure below is detected, the control component can control the battery device to enter a safe state, such as disconnecting the high-voltage relay of the battery device and stopping the output voltage.

[0226] Step S303 , diagnose a latent failure of the internal monitoring circuit of the AFE, that is, use the BIST circuit to perform a self-test on the internal hardware safety mechanism of the AFE.

[0227] Here, the BIST circuit can be used to perform failure diagnosis on the first detection circuit inside the AFE. If the first detection circuit fails, the process proceeds to step S304; if the first detection circuit does not fail, the process proceeds to step S305.

[0228] For example, an erroneous power supply may be injected into the voltage regulator to detect whether the failure diagnosis function of the power detection circuit for the voltage regulator (such as the power supply overvoltage and undervoltage monitoring function) is normal, thereby confirming whether the power detection circuit has failed.

[0229] Step S304: Report a minor hardware failure of the AFE chip.

[0230] The minor hardware failure of the AFE chip indicates a failure of the first detection circuit in the AFE chip.

[0231] In some embodiments, since a minor hardware fault of the AFE chip only indicates an abnormality in the internal diagnostic function of the AFE and does not affect sampling, when a minor hardware fault of the AFE chip is detected, the control device can control the fault light to light up or reduce the output power of the battery device to remind the user (such as the driver) to perform timely maintenance.

[0232] Step S305 , periodically reading the AFE internal hardware diagnosis result.

[0233] If the internal hardware diagnosis result indicates that the sampling auxiliary component has failed, the process proceeds to step S306 ; if the internal hardware diagnosis result indicates that the sampling auxiliary component has not failed, the process proceeds to step S307 .

[0234] Here, the AFE internal hardware diagnosis result refers to the failure diagnosis result output by the first detection circuit after performing failure diagnosis on sampling auxiliary components such as a voltage regulator, a reference voltage source, and a clock source.

[0235] In some embodiments, the first detection circuit can write the failure diagnosis result of the sampling auxiliary component into a status register within the AFE, and the control device can read the failure diagnosis result from the status register. For example, the failure diagnosis result may include fault flags corresponding to the voltage regulator, reference voltage source, clock source, etc. In other words, the control device can read the fault flags in the status register, such as flags indicating whether the power supply is over-voltage or under-voltage, flags indicating whether the reference voltage source is faulty, and flags indicating whether the clock source is abnormal.

[0236] Step S306: Report a serious hardware failure of the AFE chip.

[0237] Among them, serious hardware failure of the AFE chip indicates failure of the sampling auxiliary component in the AFE.

[0238] In some embodiments, since a serious hardware failure of the AFE chip means that the normal operation of the AFE cannot be guaranteed, all sampled data collected by the AFE are unreliable. Therefore, when a serious hardware failure of the AFE is detected, the control device can control the battery device to enter a safe state, such as disconnecting the high-voltage relay of the battery device.

[0239] Step S307: periodically obtain AFE sampling data.

[0240] The control device may start the ADC, collect sampling parameter values ​​of each cell through multiple sampling channels, read the original sampling data from the data register and store it in the buffer.

[0241] Step S308: performing communication integrity check on the collected data.

[0242] If the communication integrity check fails, the process proceeds to step S309; ​​if the communication integrity check passes, the process proceeds to step S310.

[0243] Communication integrity checks include data integrity and protocol compliance. Data integrity checks include calculating the data CRC or checksum, comparing the values ​​before and after transmission, and confirming whether the sampled data was received within the specified time. Protocol compliance checks include verifying the data frame format (e.g., address ID, length, etc.).

[0244] Step S309: Report the second communication failure.

[0245] The second communication fault may represent a communication fault between the control component and the AFE.

[0246] Step S310: perform over-limit diagnosis on the collected data.

[0247] Here, out-of-limit diagnosis refers to diagnosing whether the sampling parameter value of each battery cell exceeds the target limit range.

[0248] Wherein, when the status information of at least one battery cell exceeds the target limit range, step S311 may be further executed.

[0249] Step S311: Report an over-limit fault.

[0250] In some embodiments, an over-limit fault can indicate which specific battery cell's sampling channel has a sampling abnormality, so the control device can still obtain sampling data from other sampling channels normally. In this case, the control device can delay disconnecting the high-voltage relay of the battery device or reduce the output power of the battery device to remind the user to perform timely maintenance.

[0251] Step S312: Read the voltage difference fault register value and / or the slope fault register value.

[0252] In some embodiments, for pressure difference comparison, the control device reads the value of the pressure difference fault register and, if set, flags an abnormality. For temperature difference comparison, the control device reads the value of the temperature difference fault register and, if set, flags an abnormality. For voltage rate of change comparison, the control device reads the value of the voltage rate of change fault register and, if set, flags an abnormality.

[0253] In some embodiments, if the control device marks a sampling channel as abnormal, the control device may further execute step S313 .

[0254] Step S313: Report the abnormality of the battery cell or the abnormality of the sampling channel corresponding to the battery cell.

[0255] In some embodiments, when a battery cell abnormality or an abnormality in a sampling channel corresponding to a battery cell is detected, the control device may disconnect a high-voltage relay of the battery device and control the battery device to enter a safe state.

[0256] Step S314, clear the data register.

[0257] After the sampling is completed, the control device clears the data register or resets it to a default value.

[0258] In some embodiments, after step S314 is executed, the above steps S305 to S314 may be repeated.

[0259] The failure diagnosis solution of the embodiment of the present application can realize the whole process verification from fault diagnosis to fault handling, and can cover all single point failures of AFE to achieve the functional safety requirements of ASIL C / D.

[0260] For example, for a minor hardware failure of the AFE chip, it only means that the internal diagnostic function of the AFE is abnormal and does not affect the sampling. The system may consider turning on the fault light or reducing the power to remind the driver to repair it in time. For a serious hardware failure of the AFE chip, it means that the operation of the entire chip cannot be guaranteed, and all voltage and temperature samples of the chip are unreliable. It is necessary to enter a safe state, such as disconnecting the high-voltage relay. For a communication failure, it means that the data on the entire communication path is unreliable and it is necessary to enter a safe state, such as disconnecting the high-voltage relay. For an over-limit fault, it can indicate which specific channel has sampling abnormalities, and the system can still obtain sampling values ​​of other channels. At this time, it can consider delaying the disconnection of the relay or reducing the power to remind. For battery cell abnormalities or sampling failures, considering that it may be an abnormal sampling path or battery cell abnormality, it is recommended to disconnect the relay and enter a safe state from the perspective of functional safety.

[0261] The present application also provides a battery system. Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery system provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 13 As shown, the battery system 130 may include a battery device 1301 and the battery management system 10 provided by any of the above embodiments, wherein the battery device 1301 may include a plurality of battery cells connected in series.

[0262] In an embodiment of the present application, the battery system 130 may be a battery pack. The battery system 130 may further include a relay connected between the output port of the battery system and the power supply port of the battery-driven device to control whether the battery system outputs discharge to the outside. In other words, the closing and opening of the relay can realize whether the battery system outputs discharge to the outside. Schematically, if the relay is in the closed state, the battery system can continue to discharge to the outside, so that the battery-driven device (such as a vehicle) can continue to drive; if the relay is in the open state, the electrical connection between the battery system and the battery-driven device is cut off, so that the battery-driven device is in a power-off state.

[0263] The present application also provides a battery-driven device. Figure 14 A schematic diagram of a battery-driven device according to an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. 14. As shown in FIG. 14, the battery-driven device 140 includes a battery device 1401 and the battery management system 10 according to any of the embodiments described above, wherein the battery device 1401 can include a plurality of battery cells connected in series. Figure 14

[0264] In some embodiments, the battery-driven device 140 includes at least the battery system 130 according to any of the embodiments described above.

[0265] In the embodiments of the present application, the battery-driven device 140 can be a vehicle (e.g., a new energy vehicle, an electric vehicle, etc.), a ship, an electric motorcycle, an airplane, a drone, etc., for example, and can also be a power device such as an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, an electric motorcycle, etc. Here, no limitation is made.

[0266] It should be noted that the above description of the various embodiments tends to emphasize the differences between the various embodiments, and the same or similar parts can be referred to each other. The above description of the failure diagnosis method embodiments, the battery device embodiments, and the power device embodiments is similar to the description of the battery management system embodiments, and has similar beneficial effects as the battery management system embodiments. For technical details not disclosed in the failure diagnosis method embodiments, the battery device embodiments, and the power device embodiments of the present application, please refer to the description of the battery management system embodiments of the present application for understanding.

[0267] It should be understood that, in the description of the present application, the description of the terms "in an embodiment", "in some embodiments", "in another embodiment", "in yet another embodiment", "in some implementations", "in another implementation", or "exemplary" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present application, the exemplary description of the above terms is not necessarily for the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in any appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, the skilled in the art can combine the different embodiments or examples described in the present application and the features of the different embodiments or examples without contradiction.

[0268] ​It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "includes," or any other variations thereof are intended to encompass non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus comprising the element.

[0269] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and equipment can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments and equipment embodiments described above are merely schematic. For example, the division of units is merely a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as: multiple units or components can be combined, or can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the coupling, direct coupling, or communication connection between the components shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0270] The above are merely exemplary embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Persons skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present application are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A battery management system, characterized in that: The battery management system includes a sampling chip, an operation circuit, and a control device. The sampling chip includes at least one sampling circuit, a sampling auxiliary component, and a first detection circuit. Multiple cells in the battery device are connected to the at least one sampling circuit in a one-to-one correspondence through corresponding sampling channels, and the sampling auxiliary component includes at least one of the following: a voltage regulator, a reference voltage source, and a clock source; wherein: The first detection circuit is configured to perform failure diagnosis on the sampling auxiliary component; The sampling circuit is configured to collect parameters of the connected battery cell and obtain sampling parameter values ​​of the battery cell when the sampling auxiliary component is not failed; The operation circuit is configured to determine status information of one or more battery cells based on a sampled parameter value of at least one battery cell among the plurality of battery cells, and compare the status information of the one or more battery cells with a target threshold value to determine a fault judgment result of a sampling channel corresponding to each of the battery cells; The control device is configured to obtain a fault judgment result of a sampling channel corresponding to each of the battery cells; wherein the fault judgment result is used to indicate whether a sampling fault occurs in the sampling channel corresponding to each of the battery cells.

2. The battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The target threshold includes a target difference threshold; the operation circuit includes a first calculation module, wherein: The first calculation module is configured to obtain the sampling parameter value of the first battery cell and the sampling parameter value of the second battery cell at the same sampling moment, compare the sampling parameter value of the first battery cell with the sampling parameter value of the second battery cell, determine the sampling difference between the first battery cell and the second battery cell; and determine the fault judgment results of the sampling channels corresponding to the first battery cell and the second battery cell based on the sampling difference and the target difference threshold.

3. The battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The target threshold includes a target change rate threshold; the operation circuit includes a second calculation module, wherein: The second calculation module is configured to obtain the sampling parameter value of the first battery cell at the first moment and the sampling parameter value at the second moment; perform slope calculation based on the sampling parameter value at the first moment and the sampling parameter value at the second moment to determine the sampling change rate of the first battery cell; and determine the fault judgment result of the sampling channel corresponding to the first battery cell based on the sampling change rate of the first battery cell and the target change rate threshold.

4. The battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The voltage stabilizer is configured to stabilize the power supply voltage of the sampling chip within a target voltage range; The reference voltage source is configured to provide a reference voltage to the at least one sampling circuit; The clock source is configured to provide a clock signal to the at least one sampling circuit.

5. The battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sampling chip also includes a status register, wherein: The first detection circuit is further configured to write a failure diagnosis result of the sampling auxiliary component into the status register; The control device is configured to read a failure diagnosis result of the sampling auxiliary component from the status register; wherein the failure diagnosis result of the sampling auxiliary component is used to indicate whether the sampling auxiliary component has failed.

6. The battery management system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The sampling chip further includes a second detection circuit, wherein: The second detection circuit is configured to perform a power-on self-test diagnosis on the first detection circuit; The control device is configured to read the failure diagnosis result of the sampling auxiliary component from the status register when the failure diagnosis result of the first detection circuit indicates that the first detection circuit has not failed.

7. The battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sampling chip also includes a configuration register, wherein: The control device is configured to write configuration information into the configuration register after the sampling chip is powered on, so that the sampling chip operates based on the configuration information; The control device is further configured to read back the configuration information written into the configuration register, and perform failure diagnosis on the configuration register based on the written configuration information and the read-back configuration information.

8. The battery management system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The battery management system further includes an isolation communication chip, wherein: The isolation communication chip is provided on the communication path between the sampling chip and the control device; The control device is further configured to obtain a sampling parameter value of at least one battery cell among the multiple battery cells from the sampling chip through the communication path, and perform failure diagnosis on the communication path based on the sampling parameter value of the at least one battery cell to determine a failure diagnosis result of the communication path.

9. The battery management system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The sampling chip further includes a fault register, wherein: The operation circuit is further configured to write the fault judgment result of the sampling channel corresponding to each of the battery cells into the fault register; The control device is configured to read the fault judgment result of the sampling channel corresponding to each of the battery cells from the fault register when the failure diagnosis result of the communication path indicates that the communication path has not failed.

10. The battery management system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The operation circuit is arranged in the sampling chip.

11. The battery management system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The operation circuit is provided in the isolated communication chip, wherein: The isolated communication chip is configured to receive a sampling parameter value of at least one battery cell among the multiple battery cells sent by the sampling chip, determine status information of one or more battery cells through the operation circuit and the sampling parameter value of the at least one battery cell, compare the status information of the one or more battery cells with a target threshold, determine a fault judgment result of a sampling channel corresponding to each of the battery cells; and write the fault judgment result of the sampling channel corresponding to each of the battery cells into the fault register.

12. A battery system, characterized in that: The battery system comprises a battery device and the battery management system according to any one of claims 1 to 11; wherein the battery device comprises a plurality of battery cells connected in series.

13. A battery-driven device, characterized in that: The battery-driven device comprises a battery device and the battery management system according to any one of claims 1 to 11; wherein the battery device comprises a plurality of battery cells connected in series.

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