Battery cell integrated thermal management architecture and intelligent control logic

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of energy storage power stations, and particularly relates to a battery cell integrated thermal management architecture and intelligent control logication.The battery cell integrated thermal management architecture comprises thermal management equipment, manual ball valves, flow meters, electromagnetic valves, temperature sensors and battery clusters, a main output pipe is arranged at an outlet of the thermal management equipment, and a main input pipe is arranged at an inlet of the thermal management equipment; a plurality of branch input pipes are arranged on the outer surface of the main input pipe, a plurality of branch output pipes are arranged on the outer surface of the main output pipe, and the outer surfaces of the main input pipe, the main output pipe, the branch input pipes and the branch output pipes are all fixedly connected with the inner surfaces of a plurality of temperature sensors. According to the battery cell integrated thermal management architecture and the intelligent control logic, the thermal management equipment is used for monitoring the temperature of each cell in a battery pack in real time, when the temperature of the cells is too high or too low, a cold source or a heat source is provided for the cells, and it is guaranteed that the cells can work normally within a proper temperature range; and the electromagnetic valve is used for adjusting the flow of the cooling liquid entering each path of battery cluster.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of energy storage power stations, and in particular to an integrated thermal management architecture and intelligent control logic for battery cells. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy vehicles and renewable energy, the demand for large-scale energy storage systems and battery swap stations is growing. Energy storage containers, as modular, high-energy-density energy storage solutions, are widely used in grid peak regulation, new energy consumption, industrial and commercial energy storage, and electric vehicle battery swapping.

[0003] Current battery thermal management systems for energy storage containers and battery swap stations face the challenge of precise temperature control under dynamic operating conditions: the heat generation of battery cells can vary by 3-5 times at different charge and discharge powers of 0.5C-3C, and traditional fixed-parameter cooling systems cannot adaptively adjust, resulting in overcooling with an energy efficiency ratio as low as 0.3 at low power and cooling delays with a temperature rise rate exceeding 5°C / min at high power. Especially under battery swap conditions, when the temperature fluctuation range reaches ±15°C, traditional PID control has a response delay of 3-5 minutes, causing overshoot of more than 8°C and repeated thermal shock, resulting in a cycle life reduction of more than 30%. At the same time, the constant flow cooling solution has a COP of only 1.2 at partial load, and ineffective cooling energy consumption accounts for more than 40%. The essence of these problems lies in the fact that the existing system lacks predictive control based on thermal-electric coupling models, intelligent adjustment mechanisms for multivariable collaboration, and energy efficiency optimization algorithms under dynamic loads. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the inventors conducted in-depth research and completed the present invention after putting in a lot of creative work.

[0005] Specifically, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an integrated thermal management architecture and intelligent control logic for battery cells to solve the current problem that different battery clusters have inconsistent charge and discharge currents, resulting in different heat generation, and the inability to eliminate the traditional system's overcooling at low power and overheating at high power. The temperature fluctuates violently by ±15°C under battery replacement conditions, and the technical problem of being unable to reproduce the response under PID control for 3-5 minutes.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A battery cell integrated thermal management architecture and intelligent control logic includes a thermal management device, a manual ball valve, a flow meter, a solenoid valve, a temperature sensor, and a battery cluster. The thermal management device outlet is provided with a main output pipe, the thermal management device inlet is provided with a main input pipe, the main input pipe outer surface is provided with multiple branch input pipes, the main output pipe outer surface is provided with multiple branch output pipes, the main input pipe, the main output pipe, the branch input pipe, and the branch output pipe outer surfaces are all fixedly connected to the inner surfaces of multiple temperature sensors. The battery cluster outer surface is provided with a TEC auxiliary module.

[0008] As an improved technical solution, the outer surface of the branch inlet pipe is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the manual ball valve.

[0009] As an improved technical solution, the outer surface of the branch output pipe is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the flow meter, and the outer surface of the branch output pipe is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the solenoid valve.

[0010] A battery cell integration, wherein the energy storage container intelligent control logic in the battery cell integration intelligent control logic mainly comprises the following steps:

[0011] The battery cell temperature is detected inside the energy storage container. When the temperature of battery cell N in the battery cluster reaches Tmax ≥ 28°C and Tmean ≥ 24°C, the thermal management device is activated. If not, the thermal management device remains in its current state.

[0012] When Tout = 10°C, the thermal management device reads the circulating fluid temperatures Tnout, Tnin, flow rate q, and charging current I of the battery cluster N.

[0013] Comparison of Q charge and discharge and Q change, where the heat generated by the battery cluster N is: Q charge and discharge = I 2 R, circulating fluid heat exchange: Q exchange = (T out - T in) * q * ρ * C;

[0014] When Q charge and discharge > Q change + 0.5 ° C, increase the opening of the solenoid valve Vn to make the battery temperature uniformity ± 1 ° C;

[0015] When Q change -0.5℃≤Q charge and discharge≤Q change +0.5℃, the opening of the solenoid valve Vn remains unchanged, making the battery temperature uniformity ±1℃;

[0016] When Q charge and discharge is less than Q change -0.5℃, reduce the opening of the solenoid valve Vn to make the battery cell temperature uniformity ±1℃.

[0017] The intelligent control logic of battery swap stations in the integrated intelligent control logic of battery cells mainly includes the following steps:

[0018] When the battery cluster enters the battery swap compartment, it will enter TEC auxiliary control if "the battery enters charging within 100s and the battery cell temperature change rate △T>3℃ / s" or "the battery enters charging within 100s and the battery internal cell temperature Tmax-Tmin≥5℃", otherwise it will not enter TEC auxiliary control;

[0019] If the cell temperature change rate △T is less than 1°C / s and the cell temperature uniformity is ≤1°C and Tmax is less than 28°C, and the battery is not charging, TEC auxiliary control is exited. If the battery is charging and the cell temperature Tmax of battery cluster N is ≥28°C and Tmean ≥24°C, the thermal management device is activated and TEC auxiliary control is exited. Otherwise, the status quo is maintained.

[0020] Tout = 10°C, the thermal management device reads the circulating fluid temperature Tnout, Tnin, flow rate q, and charging current I of battery cluster N;

[0021] Comparison of Q charge and discharge and Q change, where the heat generated by the battery cluster N is: Q charge and discharge = I 2 R, circulating fluid heat exchange: Q exchange = (T out - T in) * q * ρ * C;

[0022] When Q charge and discharge > Q change + 0.5 ° C, increase the opening of the solenoid valve Vn to make the battery temperature uniformity ± 1 ° C;

[0023] When Q change -0.5℃≤Q charge and discharge≤Q change +0.5℃, the opening of the solenoid valve Vn remains unchanged, making the battery temperature uniformity ±1℃;

[0024] When Q charge and discharge is less than Q change -0.5℃, reduce the opening of the solenoid valve Vn to make the battery cell temperature uniformity ±1℃.

[0025] After adopting the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0026] 1. This invention incorporates integrated dynamic adaptive temperature control for battery cells. When different battery clusters have inconsistent charge and discharge currents, their heat generation varies, eliminating the overcooling at low power levels and overheating at high power levels common in traditional systems. By reconstructing the cooling system's energy efficiency model, and employing variable flow control and dynamic load distribution, the COP is improved under partial load conditions, achieving an optimal match between cooling energy consumption and battery thermal load.

[0027] 2. The present invention increases the integrated fast response and anti-interference design of the battery cells. To address the severe temperature fluctuation of ±15°C in the battery replacement condition, it is necessary to break through the 3-5 minute response delay of the existing PID control. By developing a dynamic compensation mechanism based on predictive control, the temperature overshoot is reduced from 8°C to within 2°C, thereby avoiding the 30% cycle life attenuation caused by repeated thermal shock. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also derive other drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort. Among them:

[0029] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the integrated thermal management architecture of the battery cell and the integrated thermal management architecture of the intelligent control logic of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the intelligent control logic structure of the energy storage container with integrated thermal management architecture and intelligent control logic of the battery cells of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the intelligent control logic structure of the battery swap station with integrated thermal management architecture and intelligent control logic of the battery cell of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present invention (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the various components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0034] At the same time, the meaning of "and / or" or "and / or" appearing in the full text includes three options. Taking "A and / or B" as an example, it includes option A, or option B, or an option in which both A and B are satisfied.

[0035] In addition, in the present invention, descriptions such as "first" and "second" are for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the fact that they can be implemented by ordinary technicians in this field. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides an integrated thermal management architecture and intelligent control logic for battery cells, which includes a thermal management device, a manual ball valve, a flow meter, a solenoid valve, a temperature sensor, and a battery cluster. The outlet of the thermal management device is provided with a main output pipe, the inlet of the thermal management device is provided with a main input pipe, the outer surface of the main input pipe is provided with multiple branch input pipes, the outer surface of the main output pipe is provided with multiple branch output pipes, the outer surfaces of the main input pipe, the main output pipe, the branch input pipe, and the branch output pipes are all fixedly connected to the inner surfaces of multiple temperature sensors, and the outer surface of the battery cluster is provided with a TEC auxiliary module.

[0038] As an improved technical solution, the outer surface of the branch inlet pipe is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the manual ball valve.

[0039] As an improved technical solution, the outer surface of the branch output pipe is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the flow meter, and the outer surface of the branch output pipe is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the solenoid valve.

[0040] In this embodiment, the thermal management device is used to monitor the temperature of each battery cell in the battery pack in real time. When the temperature of the battery cell is too high or too low, a cooling source is provided to the battery cell to ensure that the battery cell can operate normally within the appropriate temperature range; the solenoid valve is used to adjust the flow of coolant entering each battery cluster; the flow meter is used to detect the flow of coolant in each branch; the semiconductor refrigeration module is used to quickly respond to temperature compensation when the charging and discharging power suddenly changes during the battery replacement condition to prevent the battery cell temperature from overshooting too much.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] like Figure 2 As shown, a battery cell integration, the battery cell integration intelligent control logic in the energy storage container intelligent control logic, the main steps are:

[0043] 1. Detect the battery cell temperature inside the energy storage container. When the battery cell temperature Tmax of battery cluster N exceeds 28°C and Tmean exceeds 24°C, the thermal management device is activated. If not, the thermal management device remains in its current state.

[0044] 2. When Tout = 10°C, the thermal management device reads the circulating fluid temperatures Tnout, Tnin, flow rate q, and charging current I of battery cluster N.

[0045] 3. Comparison of Q charge and discharge and Q replacement, where the heat generated by the battery cluster N is: Q charge and discharge = I 2 R, circulating fluid heat exchange: Q exchange = (T out - T in) * q * ρ * C;

[0046] 4. When Q charge and discharge > Q change + 0.5 ° C, increase the opening of the solenoid valve Vn to make the battery temperature uniformity ± 1 ° C;

[0047] 5. When Q change -0.5℃≤Q charge and discharge≤Q change +0.5℃, the opening of the solenoid valve Vn remains unchanged, making the battery temperature uniformity ±1℃;

[0048] 6. When Q charge and discharge is less than Q change -0.5℃, reduce the opening of the solenoid valve Vn to make the battery cell temperature uniformity ±1℃.

[0049] In this embodiment, the batteries currently in common use include ternary lithium batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries. Taking lithium iron phosphate batteries as an example, the optimal operating temperature range of their battery cells is "23°C to 30°C". When charging and discharging lithium iron phosphate batteries, their charge and discharge current is controlled in a step-by-step manner based on the current battery power and battery cell temperature. At the same time, the heat generated by the battery is equal to its charge and discharge current * battery internal resistance * time, that is, Q charge and discharge = I 2 *R. When one or n of battery clusters 1-n are charging or discharging, and the thermal management device detects that the battery cell temperature Tmax ≥ 28°C and Tmean ≥ 24°C, the thermal management device activates and uses the coolant outlet temperature of 10°C as a target temperature to control output capacity. Temperature sensors Tout and Tin, located before and after the battery cluster, provide real-time feedback to the thermal management device. A flow meter monitors the flow rate q and provides real-time feedback to the thermal management device. The thermal management device calculates the coolant heat exchange capacity Qexchange = (Tout - Tin) * q * ρ * C based on Tout, Tin, and q, as well as the coolant's material properties, density ρ, and specific heat capacity c. Because the charge and discharge currents of each battery cluster may vary, and the charge and discharge currents of each circuit may vary, the cooling capacity required by each battery cluster also varies, resulting in a different Qexchange. Each branch compares Q charge / discharge and Q swap. If Q charge / discharge exceeds Q swap, the thermal management device uses PID control to increase the solenoid valve in the corresponding branch to meet the cooling needs of the battery cluster in that branch. If Q charge / discharge is less than Q swap, the thermal management device uses PID control to decrease the solenoid valve in that branch to meet the cooling needs of the battery cluster in that branch. The cooling output of the thermal management device is distributed to each battery cluster as needed, ensuring that the temperature uniformity of the battery cells in each cluster meets ±1°C. This reduces ineffective cooling consumption and improves the energy efficiency of the thermal management device.

[0050] Example 3

[0051] like Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the intelligent control logic of the battery cell integrated intelligent control logic of the battery swap station has the following main steps:

[0052] 1. When the battery cluster enters the battery swap compartment, it will enter TEC auxiliary control if "the battery enters charging within 100s and the battery cell temperature change rate △T>3℃ / s" or "the battery enters charging within 100s and the battery internal cell temperature Tmax-Tmin≥5℃", otherwise it will not enter TEC auxiliary control;

[0053] 2. If the cell temperature change rate △T is less than 1°C / s and the cell temperature uniformity is ≤1°C and Tmax is less than 28°C, and the battery is not charging, TEC auxiliary control is exited. If the battery is charging and the cell temperature Tmax of battery cluster N is ≥28°C and Tmean ≥24°C, the thermal management device is activated and TEC auxiliary control is exited. Otherwise, the status quo is maintained.

[0054] 3. Tout = 10°C. The thermal management device reads the circulating fluid temperatures Tnout and Tnin, flow rate q, and charging current I of battery cluster N.

[0055] 4. Comparison of Q charge and discharge and Q replacement, where the heat generated by the battery cluster N is: Q charge and discharge = I 2 R, circulating fluid heat exchange: Q exchange = (T out - T in) * q * ρ * C;

[0056] 5. When Q charge and discharge > Q change + 0.5 ° C, increase the opening of the solenoid valve Vn to make the battery temperature uniformity ± 1 ° C;

[0057] 6. When Q change -0.5℃≤Q charge and discharge≤Q change +0.5℃, the opening of the solenoid valve Vn remains unchanged, making the battery temperature uniformity ±1℃;

[0058] 7. When Q charge and discharge is less than Q change -0.5℃, reduce the opening of the solenoid valve Vn to make the battery cell temperature uniformity ±1℃.

[0059] In this embodiment, during battery swapping, the battery needs to be quickly switched to a temperature of 3°C or higher for fast charging. During this period, the battery generates significant heat (Q) during charging and discharging. However, due to the operating conditions and activation requirements of the thermal management device, the water pump in the thermal management device is not activated until the battery cell temperature reaches the required temperature. The compressor is then activated 2-3 minutes after the water pump is activated for cooling. Therefore, the thermal management device takes 4-5 minutes to begin cooling the battery, failing to immediately cool the battery cells during charging, resulting in a cell temperature overshoot of more than 15°C. Therefore, during battery swapping, immediately after the battery is connected to the battery compartment, the thermal management device monitors the temperature Tn of each battery cell. If it detects that the battery cluster has entered charging within 100°C and the cell temperature change rate ΔT is greater than 3°C / s, or the internal cell temperature Tmax - Tmin is ≥ 5°C, the TEC (Transistor-Electrochemical) cooling system (TEC) is activated. This ensures temperature uniformity within the battery cluster and pre-cools the battery cluster. When the cell temperature Tmax is ≥ 28°C and Tmean is ≥ 24°C, the thermal management device intervenes, and the TEC assist control is deactivated after 3 minutes.

[0060] It should be understood that the purpose of these embodiments is only to illustrate the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, it should also be understood that after reading the technical content of the present invention, those skilled in the art may make various changes, modifications and / or variations to the present invention, and all of these equivalent forms also fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims appended hereto.

Claims

1. An integrated thermal management architecture for battery cells, comprising a thermal management device, a manual ball valve, a flow meter, a solenoid valve, a temperature sensor, and a battery cluster, characterized in that: The outlet of the thermal management device is provided with a main output pipe, the inlet of the thermal management device is provided with a main input pipe, the outer surface of the main input pipe is provided with multiple branch input pipes, the outer surface of the main output pipe is provided with multiple branch output pipes, the outer surfaces of the main input pipe, main output pipe, branch input pipe and branch output pipe are all fixedly connected to the inner surfaces of multiple temperature sensors, and the outer surface of the battery cluster is provided with a TEC auxiliary module.

2. The battery cell integrated thermal management architecture and intelligent control logic according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the branch input pipe is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the manual ball valve.

3. The battery cell integrated thermal management architecture and intelligent control logic according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the branch output pipe is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the flow meter, and the outer surface of the branch output pipe is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the solenoid valve.

4. A battery cell integration, characterized by: The energy storage container intelligent control logic in the battery cell integrated intelligent control logic according to any one of claims 1 to 3 comprises the following main steps:

1. Detect the battery cell temperature inside the energy storage container. When the battery cell temperature Tmax of battery cluster N exceeds 28°C and Tmean exceeds 24°C, the thermal management device is activated. If not, the thermal management device remains in its current state.

2. When Tout = 10°C, the thermal management device reads the circulating fluid temperatures Tnout, Tnin, flow rate q, and charging current I of battery cluster N.

3. Comparison of Q charge and discharge and Q replacement, where the heat generated by the battery cluster N is: Q charge and discharge = I 2 R, circulating fluid heat exchange: Q exchange = (T out - T in) * q * ρ * C; 4. When Q charge and discharge > Q change + 0.5 ° C, increase the opening of the solenoid valve Vn to make the battery temperature uniformity ± 1 ° C; 5. When Q change -0.5℃≤Q charge and discharge≤Q change +0.5℃, the opening of the solenoid valve Vn remains unchanged, making the battery temperature uniformity ±1℃; 6. When Q charge and discharge is less than Q change -0.5℃, reduce the opening of the solenoid valve Vn to make the battery cell temperature uniformity ±1℃.

5. Intelligent control logic of battery swap stations in the integrated intelligent control logic of battery cells, main steps:

1. When the battery cluster enters the battery swap compartment, it will enter TEC auxiliary control if "the battery enters charging within 100s and the battery cell temperature change rate △T>3℃ / s" or "the battery enters charging within 100s and the battery internal cell temperature Tmax-Tmin≥5℃", otherwise it will not enter TEC auxiliary control; 2. If the cell temperature change rate △T is less than 1°C / s and the cell temperature uniformity is ≤1°C and Tmax is less than 28°C, and the battery is not charging, TEC auxiliary control is exited. If the battery is charging and the cell temperature Tmax of battery cluster N is ≥28°C and Tmean ≥24°C, the thermal management device is activated and TEC auxiliary control is exited. Otherwise, the status quo is maintained.

3. Tout = 10°C. The thermal management device reads the circulating fluid temperatures Tnout and Tnin, flow rate q, and charging current I of battery cluster N.

4. Comparison of Q charge and discharge and Q replacement, where the heat generated by the battery cluster N is: Q charge and discharge = I 2 R, circulating fluid heat exchange: Q exchange = (T out - T in) * q * ρ * C; 5. When Q charge and discharge > Q change + 0.5 ° C, increase the opening of the solenoid valve Vn to make the battery temperature uniformity ± 1 ° C; 6. When Q change -0.5℃≤Q charge and discharge≤Q change +0.5℃, the opening of the solenoid valve Vn remains unchanged, making the battery temperature uniformity ±1℃; 7. When Q charge and discharge is less than Q change -0.5℃, reduce the opening of the solenoid valve Vn to make the battery cell temperature uniformity ±1℃.

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