Ultra-wideband antenna, wireless communication equipment and vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to an ultra wide band antenna, a wireless communication device and a vehicle. The ultra wide band antenna comprises a substrate, a radiation layer and a frequency selection assembly. The radiation layer is arranged on the substrate and is used for radiating or receiving electromagnetic waves, the frequency selection assembly is arranged on the substrate and is coplanar with the radiation layer, and the frequency selection assembly is used for screening frequency bands of the electromagnetic waves. According to the wireless communication device, the frequency selection assembly is arranged to screen and filter the frequency band of the electromagnetic wave, and the frequency selection assembly and the radiation layer are arranged on one surface of the substrate and are coplanar, so that the space of the substrate in the thickness direction is saved, excessive space does not need to be reserved in the wireless communication device to avoid the frequency selection assembly and the radiation layer, and the cost is reduced. And the volume miniaturization of subsequent wireless communication equipment is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to an ultra-wideband antenna, a wireless communication device, and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] Ultra-WideBand (UWB) technology, a new wireless communication technology developed since the 1990s, holds enormous potential. It enables ultra-wideband, high-speed data transmission over short distances. UWB technology has applications in a wide range of fields, including intelligent transportation systems, wireless sensor networks, radio frequency identification (RFID), and imaging.

[0003] MIMO (Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output) or multiple-transmitter-multiple-receiver antenna technology is a major breakthrough in antenna technology for wireless mobile communications. Due to MIMO's requirements, the increase in frequency bands leads to an exponential increase in the number of antennas, which significantly increases the number of antennas and the complexity of integration. To address this, related technologies have proposed the use of multiple folded oscillators and parasitic coupled folded oscillator units on a circuit board, effectively widening the antenna's impedance bandwidth and enabling the integration of multiple frequency bands, thereby reducing the size of wireless communication equipment.

[0004] Although the relevant technology uses frequency band merging to reduce the number of antennas, thereby achieving the effect of reducing the size of wireless communication equipment, for a single antenna, since a folded vibrator and a parasitic coupling folded vibrator unit are additionally added to the circuit board, when the antenna is integrated into the wireless communication device, a certain space needs to be reserved in the thickness direction of the circuit board to avoid the folded vibrator and the parasitic coupling folded vibrator unit, resulting in the antenna occupying more space, which is not conducive to the miniaturization of the wireless communication device. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The embodiments of the present application provide an ultra-wideband antenna, a wireless communication device, and a vehicle, which can not only realize the frequency selection function but also reduce the space occupied by the antenna in the wireless communication device, so as to at least partially solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, according to a first aspect of the present application, an ultra-wideband antenna is provided, comprising:

[0007] substrate;

[0008] a radiation layer, disposed on the substrate, for radiating or receiving electromagnetic waves; and

[0009] A frequency selection component is provided on the substrate and is coplanar with the radiation layer, and is used for screening the frequency band of electromagnetic waves.

[0010] Optionally, at least a portion of the frequency selective component is integrally formed with the radiation layer.

[0011] Optionally, the frequency selective component includes at least one first frequency selective component connected to the radiation layer.

[0012] Optionally, two first frequency options are provided, and the two first frequency options are respectively connected to opposite sides of the radiation layer.

[0013] Optionally, the first frequency selector includes a first section and a second section perpendicular to each other, the first section is perpendicular to the side of the radiation layer and connected to the radiation layer, and one end of the second section is connected to the first section.

[0014] Optionally, one end of the first frequency selector away from the radiation layer is in an open circuit state.

[0015] Optionally, the frequency selective component includes at least one filtering slot opened on the radiation layer.

[0016] Optionally, the filtering slot includes a first slot and a second slot, the extension direction of the first slot is perpendicular to the side of the radiation layer, the second slot is connected to the first slot, and the extension direction of the second slot is perpendicular to the extension direction of the first slot.

[0017] Optionally, there are two filtering slots, and the two filtering slots are symmetrically arranged with the center line of the radiation layer in the first direction as the symmetry axis.

[0018] Optionally, the frequency selection component further includes at least one first frequency selection component connected to the radiation layer, and the first frequency selection component is arranged opposite to the filtering slot.

[0019] Optionally, the frequency selective component includes at least one second frequency selective component spaced apart from the radiation layer.

[0020] Optionally, the ultra-wideband antenna further includes a metal ground located on a side of the substrate away from the radiation layer, a via is provided on the substrate, and one end of the second frequency option is connected to the metal ground through the via to put the second frequency option in a short-circuit state.

[0021] Optionally, the second frequency selector includes a third section and a fourth section perpendicular to each other, the third section is perpendicular to the side surface of the radiation layer, and one end of the fourth section is connected to the third section.

[0022] Optionally, the second frequency option includes a third segment, a fourth segment and a fifth segment, the third segment and the fifth segment are parallel, the fourth segment is perpendicular to the third segment, and both ends of the fourth segment are connected to the third segment and the fifth segment respectively.

[0023] Optionally, the radiation layer includes a radiation portion and a feeding portion, the radiation portion is connected to the feeding portion, and the feeding portion is used to be connected to an external circuit.

[0024] Optionally, the frequency selective component includes a radiation coupling structure, and the radiation coupling structure is provided on a side of the radiation portion away from the feeding portion.

[0025] Optionally, the radiation coupling structure includes a plurality of spaced-apart radiation teeth, each of the plurality of radiation teeth is connected to a side of the radiation portion away from the feeding portion, and a gap is defined between two adjacent radiation teeth.

[0026] Optionally, the plurality of radiating teeth are arranged at equal intervals.

[0027] Optionally, the radiation coupling structure further includes a plurality of coupling plates, the plurality of coupling plates being arranged on a side of the substrate away from the radiation portion, and the plurality of coupling plates being aligned with the plurality of notches.

[0028] Optionally, the side of the radiation portion close to the feeding portion includes at least two arc segments connected to each other, and the bending directions of two adjacent arc segments are opposite.

[0029] According to a second aspect of the present application, a wireless communication device is further provided, comprising one or more ultra-wideband antennas as described in the first aspect,

[0030] According to a third aspect of the present application, a vehicle is also provided, comprising the wireless communication device as described in the second aspect.

[0031] In the ultra-wideband antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application, a frequency-selective component is provided to achieve filtering of the frequency band of electromagnetic waves. Furthermore, by providing the frequency-selective component and the radiation layer on one side of the substrate, and the two are coplanar, it is beneficial to save space in the thickness direction of the substrate. There is no need to reserve too much space in the wireless communication device to avoid the frequency-selective component and the radiation layer, which is beneficial to the miniaturization of subsequent wireless communication devices.

[0032] Other features and advantages of the present application will be described in detail in the subsequent detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. Those skilled in the art can also derive other drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort.

[0034] In order to more completely understand the present application and its beneficial effects, the following description will be given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same drawing numbers represent the same parts in the following description.

[0035] Figure 1 1 is a front structural diagram of an ultra-wideband antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the back structure of an ultra-wideband antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 3 1 is a front structural diagram of another ultra-wideband antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 4 1 is a front structural diagram of another ultra-wideband antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a front structural diagram of another ultra-wideband antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 6 1 is a front structural diagram of another ultra-wideband antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 7 This is a voltage standing wave ratio simulation diagram of an ultra-wideband antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 8 This is a gain simulation curve diagram of an ultra-wideband antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 9 It is a normalized radiation pattern of an ultra-wideband antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application at different operating frequencies;

[0044] Figure 10 This is another normalized radiation pattern of an ultra-wideband antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application at different operating frequencies.

[0045] Description of reference numerals:

[0046] 1. Substrate; 2. Radiating layer; 21. Radiating portion; 211. Radiating teeth; 22. Feeding portion; 23. Arc segment; 3. Frequency selection component; 31. First frequency selection element; 311. First segment; 312. Second segment; 32. Filter slot; 321. First slot; 322. Second slot; 33. Second frequency selection element; 331. Third segment; 332. Fourth segment; 333. Fifth segment; 4. Metal ground; 5. Coupling plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0048] See Figure 1 , an embodiment of the present application provides an ultra-wideband antenna, comprising a substrate 1, a radiation layer 2 and a frequency selection component 3. The radiation layer 2 is provided on the substrate 1 for radiating or receiving electromagnetic waves, the frequency selection component 3 is provided on the substrate 1 and is coplanar with the radiation layer 2, and the frequency selection component 3 is used to screen the frequency band of the electromagnetic waves. It should be noted that the substrate 1 mainly plays a supporting and installation role, providing an installation position for the radiation layer 2 and the frequency selection component 3. The substrate 1 is an insulating material, and the radiation layer 2 is a metal conductive material to avoid a short circuit between the radiation layer 2 and the substrate 1. In addition, the dielectric constant of the substrate 1 ranges from 2 to 6, and the thickness of the substrate 1 ranges from 0.8 mm to 3 mm. The wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the medium is inversely proportional to the dielectric constant. When the dielectric constant is 2 to 6, according to the relationship between the dielectric constant and the wavelength, the antenna size can be reduced to 1 / 6 to 1 / 2 times the free space wavelength, meeting the compactness requirements of wireless communication equipment.

[0049] The technical solution provided in the present application realizes the screening and filtering of the frequency band of electromagnetic waves by setting a frequency selection component 3, and by setting the frequency selection component 3 and the radiation layer 2 on one side of the substrate 1, and the two are coplanar, which is beneficial to saving space in the thickness direction of the substrate 1. There is no need to reserve too much space in the wireless communication device to avoid the frequency selection component 3 and the radiation layer 2, which is beneficial to the miniaturization of subsequent wireless communication equipment.

[0050] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the frequency-selective component 3 is integrally formed with the radiating layer 2. For example, at least a portion of the frequency-selective component 3 and the radiating layer 2 are directly integrated onto the front surface of the substrate 1 through an integrated molding process. Photolithography or chemical etching processes can be used to simultaneously form the radiating layer 2 and the frequency-selective component 3 structure physically connected thereto on the substrate 1. The frequency-selective component 3 is formed by local extension or etching of the radiating layer 2, such as by branches extending from the edge of the radiating layer 2 or gaps etched into the surface. This eliminates the need for additional assembly or welding steps, thereby eliminating assembly tolerances and impedance mismatches introduced by discrete components. This integrated design allows the frequency-selective component 3 and the radiating layer 2 to directly couple electromagnetic energy in a coplanar layout, generating signal suppression in the target stopband frequency band, such as 4.4GHz-5.4GHz, through structural resonance characteristics, while maintaining radiation efficiency in the passband frequency band, such as 2.3GHz-10.6GHz. Moreover, since the frequency-selective component 3 and the radiating layer 2 share the same plane, there is no need to reserve avoidance space in the thickness direction of the substrate 1. Compared with traditional antenna solutions that require stacking folded oscillators or parasitic units, this is conducive to volume reduction and improved space utilization and production yield of wireless communication equipment.

[0051] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 and Figure 4 The frequency selection component 3 includes at least one first frequency selection element 31 connected to the radiation layer 2. Exemplarily, the first frequency selection element 31 and the radiation layer 2 are integrally formed, and the radiation layer 2 and the first frequency selection element 31 continuously extending from its edge or surface are simultaneously etched on the metal layer on the front side of the substrate 1 by a photolithography process, such as a metal branch or patch structure. There is no gap or welding point at the connection between the first frequency selection element 31 and the radiation layer 2, and direct coupling of the current path is achieved through metal continuity, so that the first frequency selection element 31 can resonate based on the current distribution of the radiation layer 2, form a high impedance region in the target stopband frequency band to reflect the interference signal, and maintain low-loss radiation characteristics in the passband frequency band. Since the first frequency selection element 31 is integrally connected to the radiation layer 2, no additional support structure or assembly steps are required, thereby avoiding the assembly errors and impedance mutations introduced by traditional discrete filtering units.

[0052] Furthermore, two first frequency selectors 31 are provided, and the two first frequency selectors 31 are respectively connected to opposite sides of the radiation layer 2. For example, the radiation layer 2 and the metal branch structure extending continuously from the edges on both sides thereof are synchronously etched on the metal layer on the front side of the substrate 1 by a photolithography process. The length and width of the two first frequency selectors 31 are strictly symmetrical. For example, the length is 1 / 4 of the wavelength of the stopband center frequency, the width is 0.2mm-1mm, and the ends remain in an open-circuit state. The connection positions of the two first frequency selectors 31 and the radiation layer 2 are strictly symmetrical. This symmetrical layout simultaneously excites the reflection effect of the stopband frequency band (such as 4.4GHz-5.4GHz) through dual resonant paths, forming a bidirectional interference suppression field, effectively balancing the current distribution on both sides of the radiation layer 2, avoiding the directional pattern distortion caused by unilateral frequency selection, and improving the radiation efficiency of the passband frequency band (such as 2.3GHz-10.6GHz).

[0053] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 or Figure 4 The first frequency selector 31 includes a first segment 311 and a second segment 312 that are perpendicular to each other. The first segment 311 is perpendicular to the side of the radiation layer 2 and connected to the radiation layer 2, and one end of the second segment 312 is connected to the first segment 311. The first frequency selector 31 is composed of the first segment 311 and the second segment 312 that are perpendicular to each other to form an L-shaped open branch. For example, the first segment 311 is perpendicular to the side of the radiation layer 2 and directly connected thereto, and can be a 90° bend structure etched on the metal layer of the substrate 1 through a photolithography process. The second segment 312 extends from the end of the first segment 311 in a direction parallel to the surface of the radiation layer 2, and the end of the second segment 312 remains open. The open state can be achieved by not connecting to any conductive structure. The L-shaped open-circuit branch excites resonance through current coupling with the radiation layer 2 through the first section 311, forming an equivalent parallel inductor-capacitor resonant circuit in the target stopband frequency band (such as 4.4GHz-5.4GHz), which produces strong reflection of the interference signal. At the same time, the open-circuit design of the second section 312 prevents the current from flowing back to the radiation layer 2, further widening the stopband bandwidth (such as covering above 500MHz). Moreover, since the L-shaped structure only extends along one side of the radiation layer 2, it occupies less lateral space than the traditional U-shaped or ring structure.

[0054] It should be noted that the L-shape formed by the first segment 311 and the second segment 312 can be either an upright or inverted L-shape, and the opening of the L can be facing away from or toward the radiation layer 2, without limitation. In other words, as shown in the figure, the second segment 312 can extend upward or downward, and can be connected between the first segment 311 and the radiation layer 2, or connected to the end of the first segment 311 facing away from the radiation layer 2.

[0055] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 or Figure 4 The frequency selection component 3 includes at least one filter slot 32 formed on the radiating layer 2. The filter slot 32 may be configured as a filter slot and the first frequency selection element 31, or only one of them may be configured as a filter slot. If both the filter slot 32 and the first frequency selection element 31 are configured, the first frequency selection element 31 and the filter slot 32 are positioned opposite each other.

[0056] Exemplarily, the frequency selection component 3 realizes frequency band screening through at least one filter slot 32 opened on the radiation layer 2, wherein the filter slot 32 is composed of a first slot 321 perpendicular to the side of the radiation layer 2 and a second slot 322 vertically connected thereto, for example, by laser drilling or chemical etching penetrating the metal of the radiation layer 2, and the two filter slots 32 are symmetrically distributed around the center line of the radiation layer 2, and the frequency selection component 3 also includes a first frequency selection component 31 connected to the radiation layer 2, such as an open-circuit branch, which is positioned relative to the filter slot 32. The current is guided vertically through the radiation layer 2 through the first slot 321, and the second slot 322 extends laterally to form a high-impedance path, generating multiple resonance effects in the target stopband frequency band (such as 4.4GHz-5.4GHz), with a suppression depth of -10dB. At the same time, the symmetrically distributed filter slots 32 balance the electromagnetic field distribution on both sides of the radiation layer 2, reducing the radiation pattern distortion, and the synergistic effect of the first frequency selector 31 and the filter slot 32 further widens the impedance matching range of the passband (such as 2.3GHz-10.6GHz), and all structures are coplanarly integrated on a single side of the substrate 1, without the need for multi-layer stacking or additional grounding treatment. The overall thickness of the antenna is reduced, and the lateral space requirement is reduced compared to traditional filtering solutions, which significantly improves the stability of multi-band communications and the equipment integration density.

[0057] It should be noted that the L-shape formed by the first slot 321 and the second slot 322 can be either an upright or inverted L-shape, and the opening of the L can be facing away from or toward the first frequency selector 31, without limitation. Furthermore, the positional relationship between the filtering slot 32 and the first frequency selector 31 can be relative, as in this embodiment, or staggered or in other positional relationships in other embodiments.

[0058] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 、 Figure 5 as well as Figure 6 The frequency selection component 3 includes at least one second frequency selection component 33 spaced apart from the radiation layer 2. In this embodiment, two second frequency selection components 33 are provided, and are located on both sides of the radiation layer 2 respectively.

[0059] Furthermore, the ultra-wideband antenna also includes a metal ground 4 located on the side of the substrate 1 away from the radiation layer 2. A via is provided on the substrate 1, and one end of the second frequency selector 33 is connected to the metal ground 4 through the via to put the second frequency selector 33 in a short-circuit state.

[0060] Exemplarily, the frequency selection component 3 includes at least one second frequency selection element 33, such as a short-circuit branch or patch, spaced apart from the radiating layer 2. The second frequency selection element 33 is connected to the back metal ground 4 through a via in the substrate 1 to form a short-circuit path. Its structure can be designed to include a third segment 331 and a fourth segment 332 perpendicular to each other, such as an L-shape, or further include a third segment 331 and a fifth segment 333 arranged in parallel and vertically connected to the third segment 331 and the fifth segment 333 via the fourth segment 332, such as a U-shape. The spaced-apart layout of the second frequency selection element 33 and the radiating layer 2, combined with the short-circuit setting of the second frequency selection element 33, enables the second frequency selection element 33 to generate parallel resonance in the target stopband frequency band (e.g., 4.4 GHz-5.4 GHz), deeply suppressing interference signals to a degree of no more than -10 dB. At the same time, physical separation is used to avoid direct electromagnetic coupling with the radiation layer 2, reducing the impedance mutation in the passband (such as 2.3GHz-10.6GHz), and all structures are coplanarly integrated on a single side of the substrate 1, without the need for multi-layer stacking or complex grounding, which is conducive to reducing the thickness of the antenna.

[0061] It should be noted that in embodiments having a fifth segment 333, the length of the fifth segment 333 is approximately one-quarter of the wavelength of the stopband center frequency, and the length of the fourth segment 332 is 0.2 mm to 2 mm. In embodiments having only the third segment 331 and the fourth segment 332, the length of the third segment 331 is approximately one-quarter of the wavelength of the stopband center frequency, and the length of the fourth segment 332 is 0.2 mm to 2 mm. The shape of the second frequency selector 33 is not limited to U-, L-, or C-shaped, and may also be other shapes. Here, only the third segment 331, the fourth segment 332, and the fifth segment 333 are used as examples to illustrate that they may be U-, L-, or C-shaped.

[0062] Furthermore, the diameter of the via hole ranges from 0.2 mm to 0.8 mm.

[0063] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 The radiation layer 2 includes a radiation portion 21 and a feeding portion 22. The radiation portion 21 is connected to the feeding portion 22. The feeding portion 22 is used to connect to an external circuit. The feeding portion 22 is the microstrip feeding end. The radiation layer 2 is divided into the radiation portion 21 and the feeding portion 22 to achieve functional optimization. The end of the radiation layer 2 is welded or crimped to the external circuit through a microstrip feeder. The radiation portion 21 focuses on electromagnetic wave radiation, covering the 2.3GHz-10.6GHz frequency band, and the feeding portion 22 is responsible for signal transmission, so that the current distribution of the feeding point and the radiation portion 21 is decoupled, reducing the impedance mutation introduced by the connection structure.

[0064] Furthermore, the radiation portion 21 , the feeding portion 22 and the aforementioned frequency selective component 3 are all arranged on the substrate 1 , which is beneficial to the integration of active circuits.

[0065] In some embodiments, the frequency selective component 3 includes a radiation coupling structure, which is provided on a side of the radiation portion 21 away from the feeding portion 22. By utilizing the radiation coupling structure, the impedance bandwidth and radiation efficiency of the antenna are improved.

[0066] Further, see Figure 1 and Figure 3 The radiation coupling structure includes a plurality of spaced-apart radiation teeth 211, and the plurality of radiation teeth 211 are connected to the side of the radiation part 21 away from the feeding part 22, and a gap is defined between two adjacent radiation teeth 211. It should be noted that the connection between the radiation teeth 211 and the radiation part 21 is formed in an integrated manner, that is, a metal plate can be used to remove part of the metal by photolithography or other processes, so that the metal plate is divided into two parts, the radiation part 21 and the radiation teeth 211, which are connected in an integrated manner. Exemplarily, a plurality of parallel metal radiation teeth 211 are etched on the metal layer on the front side of the substrate 1 on the side of the radiation part 21 away from the feeding part 22 by a photolithography process. The tooth width range can be 0.2mm to 1mm, and the tooth length range can be 3mm to 8mm. A gap with a width of 0.5mm to 2mm is formed between adjacent radiation teeth 211, so that the edge of the radiation part 21 presents a comb-like structure. By discretely distributing the radiating teeth 211, the equivalent length of the current path is widened, and multi-order resonant modes are excited in the 2.3GHz-10.6GHz frequency band, extending the impedance bandwidth of the antenna to more than 110%. At the same time, the capacitive effect formed by the notch compensates for the inductive reactance mutation in the high-frequency band, improving the passband flatness. The comb-like structure reduces the fluctuation of the radiation pattern through self-similarity. All the radiating teeth 211 and the notch are coplanar and integrated on a single side of the substrate 1, without the need for additional stacking or three-dimensional structure, which is conducive to reducing the overall thickness of the antenna, reducing edge reflection loss compared to traditional continuous radiating surface solutions, and enhancing the consistency of ultra-wideband coverage capability and multi-band radiation efficiency.

[0067] Furthermore, the equal spacing of the multiple radiating teeth 211 facilitates a uniform distribution of the current path, thereby stimulating a synchronous resonance effect within the 2.3 GHz-10.6 GHz frequency band, expanding the antenna's impedance bandwidth. The uniformity of the notch width eliminates local capacitance mutations, reducing voltage standing wave ratio fluctuations within the passband and improving the flatness of the directional pattern gain. The regularized layout also simplifies manufacturing process parameters, such as photolithography mask design, and helps improve production yield. In other embodiments, the multiple radiating teeth 211 can also be arranged at unequal spacing.

[0068] In some embodiments, see Figure 2The radiation coupling structure also includes multiple coupling plates 5. The multiple coupling plates 5 are arranged on the side of the substrate 1 away from the radiating portion 21, and the multiple coupling plates 5 are aligned with the multiple notches. For example, multiple rectangular copper foils are formed on the side of the substrate 1 away from the radiating portion 21. These copper foils serve as coupling plates 5. The planar projection size of each coupling plate 5 matches the width of the notch between the radiating teeth 211, and the plates are aligned along the extension direction of the notch. Electromagnetic coupling is generated between the coupling plates 5 and the radiating teeth 211 through the dielectric layer of the substrate 1. By precisely aligning the coupling plates 5 with the notch area, the current distribution of the radiating teeth 211 is secondary modulated by the coupling element. While maintaining the overall thickness of the antenna, the composite resonant structure formed by the coupling element and the notch can simultaneously excite the fundamental mode and higher-order modes, thereby improving the antenna radiation efficiency. The reverse current generated by the coupling element offsets the parasitic capacitance effect at the edge of the radiating teeth 211, optimizing the antenna's return loss to below -17dB at the 3.5GHz frequency, achieving a synergistic enhancement of miniaturization and broadband performance.

[0069] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 The side of the radiating portion 21 near the feed portion 22 includes at least two connected arc segments 23. The two adjacent arc segments 23 curve in opposite directions, resulting in an S-shaped gradient structure on that side. For example, two arc segments 23 are formed on the side of the radiating portion 21 near the feed portion 22. The first arc segment 23 extends from the feed portion 22 toward the radiating portion 21 in a clockwise arc shape with a radius of 6.8 mm. The second arc segment 23 seamlessly connects with the end of the first arc segment 23 and extends in the opposite direction in a counterclockwise arc shape with a radius of 5.2 mm. The connection between the two arc segments 23 forms an S-shaped composite surface with a continuous transition in curvature. A progressive impedance transformation zone is constructed near the feeding point through the reverse double-arc structure, so that the antenna input impedance smoothly transitions from the standard impedance of the feeding part 22 to the characteristic impedance of the free end of the radiating part 21. At the same time, the reverse-bent arc segment 23 generates a complementary current phase at high frequencies, suppressing the second harmonic resonance at the edge of the radiator, thereby achieving a dual improvement in broadband impedance matching and radiation stability.

[0070] In some embodiments, there may be more than two arc segments 23, such as four or five, so that the side is wavy.

[0071] In some embodiments, the feeding portion 22 is connected to the middle of one side of the radiating portion 21, and both sides of the radiating portion 21 are connected to the feeding portion 22 through at least two arc portions respectively. The gradient structure located on both sides of the feeding portion 22 is symmetrically arranged with the central axis of the feeding portion 22 as the symmetry axis, which is conducive to improving the uniformity of current flow.

[0072] In order to illustrate the design effect of the present application, a model simulation of the radiation characteristics of the present application was performed using HFSS software based on the finite element algorithm.

[0073] See Figure 7 , Figure 7 The test results of the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the ultra-wideband antenna in the 2GHz to 10GHz frequency band are presented. At point m1 (2.3GHz), the VSWR is 1.58. At point m2 (3.8GHz), the VSWR peaks at 1.88. At point m3 (6GHz), the VSWR drops to 1.50. At point m4 (8GHz), the optimal VSWR is 1.35. At point m5 (10GHz), the VSWR rises to 1.92. With the exception of 3.8GHz and 10GHz, the VSWR at all frequency points is below the industry benchmark of 2.0, indicating that the antenna achieves effective impedance matching within 88% of the tested bandwidth.

[0074] See Figure 8 , Figure 8 The gain performance evolution of the ultra-wideband antenna in the 2 GHz to 10 GHz operating frequency band is shown as follows:

[0075] In the low-frequency band (2GHz-4 GHz), the gain is stable within the range of 2-3dBi, thanks to the impedance matching design of the arc-shaped gradient structure. At 5GHz, a deep notch of approximately -8dBi appears, and the λ / 4 resonance effect of the filter slot 32 accurately suppresses WiFi interference. In the high-frequency band (5.5-10GHz), the gain gradually increases to 6.5dBi, and high-frequency efficiency is optimized through the synergistic effect of the multi-mode resonance of the comb-shaped radiating teeth 211 and the substrate 1 coupling element. The smoothness of the overall curve shows that the standard deviation of the gain across the entire frequency band is less than 0.18dB, confirming the technical advantages of the integrated design of the coplanar frequency selection component 3 and the radiating structure in terms of broadband coverage (2-10GHz), miniaturization (thickness ≤1.2mm), and anti-interference (notch suppression depth ≥-8dB).

[0076] See Figure 9 and Figure 10 , Figure 9 The normalized radiation pattern of the E-plane of the ultra-wideband antenna at different operating frequencies (2.4GHz / 6.2GHz / 10GHz) is displayed in polar coordinates. Figure 10 The normalized radiation pattern of the H-plane of the ultra-wideband antenna at different operating frequencies (2.4GHz / 6.2GHz / 10GHz) is shown in polar coordinates. The solid line, dashed line, and dotted line correspond to the Phi=0° plane directional scanning results at 2.4GHz, 6.2GHz, and 10GHz, respectively. Figures 8 to 10 It can be seen that the antenna of this application supports 5G frequency bands such as 2.3GHz-2.4GHz, 2.496GHz-2.69GHz, 3.4GHz-3.8GHz and ultra-wideband bands after 6GHz. And, from Figure 9and Figure 10 From the radiation pattern formed, it can be seen that the antenna has good omnidirectionality and gain flatness within the passband.

[0077] The present application also provides a wireless communication device, including the ultra-wideband antenna as described in any of the above embodiments. The wireless communication device has all the beneficial effects of the above ultra-wideband antenna, which will not be described in detail in this disclosure.

[0078] This application also provides a vehicle, including the wireless communication device described in any of the aforementioned embodiments. This vehicle possesses all the beneficial effects of the aforementioned wireless communication devices, which are not further detailed in this disclosure. The vehicle can be a large, immobile, fixed vehicle, or a smaller, mobile vehicle, such as a mobile phone or tablet computer. As long as the vehicle requires an antenna to receive and transmit signals, the wireless communication device provided in this application is applicable, and there is no specific limitation on the vehicle type.

[0079] In the description of this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of this application, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0080] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own focus. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0081] The embodiments, implementation methods and related technical features of the present application can be combined and replaced with each other without conflict.

[0082] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present application and do not constitute any form of limitation to the present application. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present application without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present application are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present application.

Claims

1. An ultra-wideband antenna, characterized in that: include: substrate; a radiation layer, provided on the substrate, for radiating or receiving electromagnetic waves; as well as A frequency selection component is provided on the substrate and is coplanar with the radiation layer, and is used for screening the frequency band of electromagnetic waves.

2. The ultra-wideband antenna according to claim 1, wherein At least a portion of the frequency selective component is integrally formed with the radiation layer.

3. The ultra-wideband antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The frequency selective component includes at least one first frequency selective component connected to the radiation layer.

4. The ultra-wideband antenna according to claim 3, wherein: Two first frequency options are provided, and the two first frequency options are respectively connected to opposite sides of the radiation layer.

5. The ultra-wideband antenna according to claim 3, wherein: The first frequency selector includes a first section and a second section perpendicular to each other, the first section is perpendicular to the side of the radiation layer and connected to the radiation layer, and one end of the second section is connected to the first section.

6. The ultra-wideband antenna according to claim 3, wherein: One end of the first frequency selector away from the radiation layer is in an open circuit state.

7. The ultra-wideband antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The frequency selection component includes at least one filtering slot opened on the radiation layer.

8. The ultra-wideband antenna according to claim 7, wherein: There are two filter slots, and the two filter slots are symmetrically arranged with the center line of the radiation layer in the first direction as the symmetry axis.

9. The ultra-wideband antenna according to claim 7, wherein: The frequency selection component further includes at least one first frequency selection component connected to the radiation layer, and the first frequency selection component is arranged opposite to the filtering slot.

10. The ultra-wideband antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The frequency selective component includes at least one second frequency selective component spaced apart from the radiation layer.

11. The ultra-wideband antenna according to claim 10, wherein: The ultra-wideband antenna also includes a metal ground located on a side of the substrate away from the radiation layer. A via is provided on the substrate, and one end of the second frequency option is connected to the metal ground through the via to put the second frequency option in a short-circuit state.

12. The ultra-wideband antenna according to claim 10, wherein: The second frequency selector includes a third section and a fourth section perpendicular to each other, the third section is perpendicular to the side surface of the radiation layer, and one end of the fourth section is connected to the third section.

13. The ultra-wideband antenna according to claim 10, wherein: The second frequency option includes a third section, a fourth section and a fifth section. The third section is parallel to the fifth section, the fourth section is perpendicular to the third section, and two ends of the fourth section are connected to the third section and the fifth section respectively.

14. The ultra-wideband antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that: The radiation layer includes a radiation portion and a feeding portion, the radiation portion is connected to the feeding portion, and the feeding portion is used to be connected to an external circuit.

15. The ultra-wideband antenna according to claim 14, wherein: The frequency selection component includes a radiation coupling structure, and the radiation coupling structure is arranged on a side of the radiation part away from the feeding part.

16. The ultra-wideband antenna according to claim 15, wherein: The radiation coupling structure includes a plurality of spaced-apart radiation teeth, each of which is connected to a side of the radiation portion away from the feeding portion, and a gap is defined between two adjacent radiation teeth.

17. The ultra-wideband antenna according to claim 16, wherein: The plurality of radiating teeth are arranged at equal intervals.

18. The ultra-wideband antenna according to claim 16, wherein: The radiation coupling structure further includes a plurality of coupling plates, which are arranged on a side of the substrate away from the radiation portion, and are aligned with the plurality of notches.

19. The ultra-wideband antenna according to claim 14, wherein: The side of the radiation portion close to the feeding portion includes at least two arc segments connected to each other, and the bending directions of two adjacent arc segments are opposite.

20. A wireless communication device, characterized in that: The method comprises one or more ultra-wideband antennas according to any one of claims 1 to 19.

21. A vehicle, characterized in that: Comprising the wireless communication device of claim 20.

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