Signal transmission device

Abstract

The invention relates to a signal transmission device. The signal transmission device comprises a plurality of signal transmission units, a sensing element and a controller. The signal transmission elements are arranged in a surface array and used for receiving a transmission signal in a first direction and outputting at least part of the transmission signal in a second direction, and the first direction and the second direction are associated with a current impedance distribution of the surface array. The sensing element is connected to the plurality of signal transmission units for obtaining a signal strength of a feedback signal associated with the transmission signal. The controller is connected to the plurality of signal transmission units and the sensing element, and is used for adjusting the current impedance distribution according to the signal intensity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of signal transmission technology, and in particular to a signal transmission device. Background Art

[0002] During signal transmission, when there is an insurmountable obstacle (such as an obstructing object) between the transmitter and receiver, the signal is transmitted via a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) path. If the signal propagation environment is simple and lacks a reflective path, the signal received by the receiver will be weak. Therefore, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) device can be installed in the insurmountable obstacle area between the transmitter and receiver, that is, the blind spot. The construction of the RIS creates a virtual line-of-sight (LOS) path for signal transmission, eliminating the impact of the blind spot on signal transmission.

[0003] However, current reconfigurable smart surface (RIS) devices require the entire system to determine the receiving source and reflection direction, preventing a simple way to dynamically adjust the receiving source and reflection direction. This means that the backend system must inform the RIS of the direction of the source and reflection signals, resulting in communication delays and complex setup. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a signal transmission device to address the problems of communication delay and installation complexity.

[0005] A signal transmission device, comprising:

[0006] a plurality of signal transmission units arranged in a surface array, configured to receive a transmission signal in a first direction and output at least a portion of the transmission signal in a second direction, wherein the first direction and the second direction are associated with a current impedance distribution of the surface array;

[0007] a sensing element connected to the plurality of signal transmission units, for obtaining a signal strength of a feedback signal associated with the transmission signal; and

[0008] A controller is connected to the plurality of signal transmission units and the sensing elements, and is used to adjust the current impedance distribution according to the signal strength.

[0009] In one embodiment, the controller stores multiple control parameter combinations corresponding to multiple preset impedance distributions of the surface array, and the controller is used to adjust the current impedance distribution to multiple preset impedance distributions multiple times according to the multiple control parameter combinations, and record the signal strength during each adjustment, select a target parameter combination from the multiple control parameter combinations based on the recorded signal strength, and adjust the current impedance distribution with the target parameter combination.

[0010] In one embodiment, the value of the signal strength corresponding to the target parameter combination is a maximum value.

[0011] In one embodiment, the controller is further configured to obtain an updated signal strength through the sensing element again after the current impedance distribution has been adjusted with the target parameter combination for a predetermined time, and when a decrease in the updated signal strength is equal to or greater than a preset ratio, adjust the current impedance distribution to at least a portion of a plurality of preset impedance distributions multiple times according to at least a portion of a plurality of the control parameter combinations and record the signal strength at each adjustment, select another target parameter combination from the plurality of the control parameter combinations according to the recorded signal strength, and adjust the current impedance distribution with the another target parameter combination.

[0012] In one embodiment, the controller is used to adjust the current impedance distribution to at least a portion of the multiple preset impedance distributions multiple times according to the multiple control parameter combinations corresponding to the first direction and / or the second direction within a preset angle range near the current parameter combination when the updated signal strength decreases by an amount equal to or greater than the preset ratio.

[0013] In one embodiment, each of the signal transmission units comprises:

[0014] a radiator, configured to receive the transmission signal and output at least a portion of the transmission signal; and

[0015] An impedance adjustment element is connected to the controller and the radiator, and is used for being controlled by the controller to form at least a part of the impedance distribution.

[0016] In one embodiment, the impedance adjustment element is a variable capacitor, and the controller is used to control an operating voltage of the variable capacitor of each of the plurality of signal transmission units to adjust the impedance distribution.

[0017] In one embodiment, the sensing element includes a power detector configured to convert the feedback signal into an electrical signal and generate the signal strength according to the electrical signal.

[0018] In one embodiment, the sensing element further includes a feedback circuit coupled to the plurality of signal transmission units and connected to the power detector.

[0019] In one embodiment, the surface array formed by arranging a plurality of the signal transmission units is a reconfigurable smart surface.

[0020] By using sensing elements to measure the strength of feedback signals in specific directions, the aforementioned signal transmission device can adjust the current impedance distribution of the device's surface array based on changes in signal strength in different directions. Thus, the RIS implemented with the disclosed signal transmission device can dynamically adjust the direction of the RIS's source and reflected signals in real time, achieving optimal signal coverage and significantly enhancing the feasibility and ease of RIS deployment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a signal transmission device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a surface array of a signal transmission device according to an embodiment of the present invention receiving and reflecting transmitted signals.

[0023] Figure 3 FIG1 is a circuit diagram of a plurality of signal transmission units and sensing elements of a signal transmission device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the dynamic operation of the signal transmission device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5 FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the dynamic operation of a signal transmission device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Reference numerals: 1. signal transmission device; 11. signal transmission unit; 111. radiator; 112. variable capacitor; 113. voltage controller; 12. surface array; 13. sensing element; 131. power detector; 132. feedback circuit; 14. controller;

[0027] D1, first direction; D2, second direction; θ, incident angle; φ, reflection angle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the specific embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following description sets forth many specific details to facilitate a full understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many other ways than those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0029] In the description of this application, it should be understood that if the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. appear, the orientation or position relationship indicated by these terms is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on this application.

[0030] In addition, if the terms "first" or "second" appear, these terms are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In the description of this application, if the term "plurality" appears, "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0031] In this application, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "connected," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, these terms may refer to fixed connections, removable connections, or integration; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediary; and internal communication between two components or interaction between two components, unless otherwise specified. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0032] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, if a first feature is described as being "above" or "below" a second feature, or similar descriptions, this may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, when a first feature is described as being "above," "above," or "above" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. When a first feature is described as being "below," "below," or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.

[0033] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be an intermediate element. If an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intermediate element. If any, the terms "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiment.

[0034] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a signal transmission device according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 FIG is a schematic diagram of a surface array of a signal transmission device according to an embodiment of the present invention receiving and reflecting transmitted signals. Figure 1 As shown, the signal transmission device 1 includes a plurality of signal transmission units 11, a sensing element 13, and a controller 14. The plurality of signal transmission units 11 are arranged in a surface array 12, configured to receive a transmission signal in a first direction D1 and output at least a portion of the transmission signal in a second direction D2. The first direction D1 and the second direction D2 are associated with a current impedance profile of the surface array 12. The sensing element 13 is connected to the plurality of signal transmission units 11 and is configured to obtain a signal strength of a feedback signal associated with the transmission signal. The controller 14 is connected to the plurality of signal transmission units 11 and the sensing element 13 and is configured to adjust the current impedance profile based on the signal strength.

[0035] In this example, the surface array 12 formed by the arrangement of multiple signal transmission units 11 is a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), and the surface array 12 can be controlled to adjust the first direction D1 of receiving the transmission signal (i.e., adjusting the signal incident angle θ) and the second direction D2 of emitting at least part of the transmission signal (i.e., adjusting the signal reflection angle φ).

[0036] Please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 1 is a circuit diagram of multiple signal transmission units and sensing elements of a signal transmission device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, each signal transmission unit 11 may include a radiator 111, a variable capacitor 112, and a voltage controller 113, wherein the radiator 11 is configured to receive the transmission signal and output at least a portion of the transmission signal, and the variable capacitor 112 is connected to the controller 14 and the radiator 111, and is configured to be controlled by the controller 14 to form at least a portion of the impedance distribution. In this example, the variable capacitor 112 is an impedance adjustment element, and the controller 14 is configured to control an operating voltage of the variable capacitor 12 via the voltage controllers 113 of each of the multiple signal transmission units 11 to adjust the impedance distribution. The voltage controller 113 may be implemented by a transistor configured to output different voltage values.

[0037] It should be noted that in other embodiments, the impedance adjustment element can be implemented by an element different from the variable capacitor 112, and in addition to adjusting the impedance to ground by controlling the operating voltage, the impedance to ground can also be adjusted by other control mechanisms, such as by controlling the on or off of a specific transistor. For example, the radiator 111 of the signal transmission unit 11 can be a metal sheet. By changing the operating voltage of the impedance adjustment element (variable capacitor 112), the impedance of the radiator 111 can be changed, so that the impedance distribution of the surface array 12 formed by the multiple radiators 111 is changed. Therefore, the incident angle and reflection angle of the transmission and reception signals of the surface array 12 can be adjusted.

[0038] In this example, the sensing element 13 may include a power detector 131 and a feedback circuit 132. The power detector 131 is used to convert the feedback signal into an electrical signal and generate the signal strength according to the electrical signal. For example, the feedback circuit 132 can be coupled to a plurality of signal transmission units 11 in an electromagnetic coupling manner and electrically connected to the power detector 131. Through this configuration, the signal transmission unit 11 can receive a feedback signal corresponding to the direction of the transmission signal (the first direction D1 and the second direction D2), and transmit the feedback signal to the power detector 131 through the feedback circuit 132 so that the power detector 131 detects the signal strength corresponding to the direction of the current transmission signal (the first direction D1 and the second direction D2). It should be noted that the electrical connection between the signal transmission unit 11 and the feedback circuit 132 is not limited to being implemented in the form of a wired connection or a wireless connection (coupling). It should be noted that, Figure 3The power detector 131 and the voltage controller 113 shown can be connected to the controller 14, so that the power detector 131 can transmit the measured signal strength to the controller 14, and the controller 14 can adjust the operating voltage of the variable capacitor 112 through the voltage controller 113 to dynamically adjust the impedance distribution of the surface array 12.

[0039] For details on how the controller 14 dynamically adjusts the impedance distribution of the surface array 12, please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the dynamic operation of a signal transmission device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 As shown, the controller of the signal transmission device may execute:

[0040] Step S1: adjusting the current impedance distribution of the surface array to the plurality of preset impedance distributions multiple times according to a plurality of control parameter combinations corresponding to the plurality of preset impedance distributions;

[0041] Step S2: recording the signal strength of the feedback signal each time the current impedance distribution is adjusted; and

[0042] Step S3: selecting a target parameter combination from the control parameter combinations according to the recorded signal strength, and adjusting the current impedance distribution with the target parameter combination.

[0043] In step S1, the controller may adjust the current impedance distribution of the surface array to the plurality of preset impedance distributions according to the correspondence between the plurality of preset impedance distributions and the plurality of control parameter combinations stored in advance. Specifically, the plurality of control parameter combinations may be Figure 3 The operating voltage combinations of the plurality of variable capacitors 112 are shown. Please refer to the following Table 1, which exemplarily presents Figure 3 The operating voltage combinations of the multiple variable capacitors 112 are shown in Table 1. However, the present invention is not limited to the numerical examples in Table 1.

[0044] Table 1

[0045]

[0046] According to Table 1, the controller can select the operating voltage combination of multiple variable capacitors corresponding to different combination numbers to adjust the current impedance distribution of the surface array, thereby changing the incident direction of the source signal received by the surface array and the reflection direction of the transmitted signal. It should be noted that the variable capacitor can also be other types of impedance adjustment elements, and the multiple control parameter combinations therein can also be stored in the controller in a form similar to Table 1. In step S2, the controller can record the signal strength of the feedback signal each time the current impedance distribution is adjusted. For example, when the controller selects the operating voltage combination of combination number (A) to adjust the current impedance distribution, the signal strength of the feedback signal can be obtained by the sensing element and recorded. Here, this case does not impose any restrictions on the form of data recording and storage. For example, data can be recorded or stored in the form of tables, parameter combinations, etc. Please refer to the following Table 2.

[0047] Table 2

[0048]

[0049] Compared with Table 1, Table 2 further records the signal strength corresponding to the impedance distribution of each combination number. For example, assuming I1> I2> I3, where I1, I2, and I3 respectively represent the strength of the feedback signal corresponding to the directions of different incident / reflection angles. Then, in step S3, the controller can select a target parameter combination from multiple control parameter combinations based on the recorded signal strength, and adjust the current impedance distribution with the target parameter combination. Specifically, the controller can select the operating voltage combination corresponding to the highest feedback signal strength. In particular, in this case, when I1> I2> I3, the controller can determine that there is a more obvious signal source in the direction of the incident / reflection angle of the impedance distribution corresponding to the feedback signal strength I1. Therefore, the controller can select multiple operating voltages of the combination number (A) as the target parameter combination and adjust the current impedance distribution accordingly. Similar to Table 1, Table 2 is only an example, and the present case is not limited to this.

[0050] In summary, in this example, the controller of the signal transmission device can adjust the current impedance distribution to the multiple preset impedance distributions multiple times according to the multiple control parameter combinations and record the signal strength each time the adjustment is made, select a target parameter combination from the multiple control parameter combinations according to the recorded signal strength, and adjust the current impedance distribution with the target parameter combination, wherein the value of the signal strength corresponding to the target parameter combination can be the maximum value.

[0051] Further, please combine Figure 4 refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 is a flow chart of the dynamic operation of the signal transmission device according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4After step S3 of adjusting the current impedance distribution with the target parameter combination, the controller can further dynamically update the current impedance distribution under certain conditions. Figure 5 As shown, the controller of the signal transmission device of this embodiment may execute the following after step S3:

[0052] Step S4: Wait for a predetermined period of time;

[0053] Step S5: Obtain updated signal strength;

[0054] Step S6: determining whether the decrease in the signal strength reaches a preset ratio;

[0055] If not, then execute step S7: maintain the current impedance distribution;

[0056] If so, executing step S8: obtaining a control parameter combination corresponding to a first direction and / or a second direction within a predetermined angle range near a current parameter combination; and

[0057] Step S9: adjusting the current impedance distribution to the plurality of preset impedance distributions multiple times according to the control parameter combinations corresponding to the preset angle range, and performing step S2 again after step S9.

[0058] In the application scenario of this case, it may happen that the signal receiving end moves and the signal transmission capacity decreases. To this end, in steps S4 and S5, the controller can obtain the updated signal strength again after waiting for a predetermined period of time, and compare the original signal strength and the updated signal strength in step S6 to determine whether the decrease in signal strength reaches a preset ratio. The length of the predetermined time and the value of the predetermined ratio can be pre-set in the calculation logic of the controller. When the decrease in signal strength does not reach the preset ratio (for example, 50%), the controller can maintain the current impedance distribution (step S7), that is, no additional adjustment is made to the impedance of multiple signal transmission units. It can be imagined that after the next predetermined period of time after step S7, the controller can again determine whether the decrease in signal strength reaches the preset ratio, that is, the controller can return to step S4 after executing step S7.

[0059] On the other hand, in step S8, if the decrease in signal strength does not reach the predetermined ratio (e.g., 50%), the controller may obtain a control parameter combination corresponding to a predetermined angle range in the first direction and / or the second direction corresponding to the current parameter combination. In step S9, the controller may adjust the current impedance profile to the plurality of predetermined impedance profiles multiple times based on the control parameter combinations corresponding to the predetermined angle range. Please refer to Table 3 below for further explanation.

[0060] Table 3

[0061]

[0062] Referring to Table 3, for example, the controller originally controls the impedance distribution of the surface array using the operating voltage combination numbered (A). That is, the current parameter combination of the surface array corresponds to angles of 60 degrees for the first direction of signal incidence and 60 degrees for the second direction of signal reflection, respectively. Next, in step S6, the controller determines whether the signal strength of this angle combination has decreased by a predetermined percentage. In step S8, the controller obtains the control parameter combinations corresponding to a predetermined angular range (e.g., ±15 degrees) around the first and / or second directions, namely, the operating voltage combinations numbered (A), (B), and (C). In step S9, the controller adjusts the current impedance distribution based on the operating voltage combination numbered (A), (B), and (C). After step S9, the controller returns to step S2, re-recording the signal strength of the feedback signal and updating the target parameter combination with the highest signal strength. This allows the controller to scan angles within the predetermined angular range of the original angle when the signal strength decreases by a certain percentage, without having to re-scan the entire angular range. This allows the controller to dynamically update the signal transmission direction while maintaining efficiency. It should be noted that, similar to Table 1 and Table 2, the incident / reflection angles and the operating voltages of the variable capacitors in Table 3 are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0063] In summary, in this example, the controller of the signal transmission device is Figure 3 Based on the process, after the current impedance distribution is adjusted with the target parameter combination for a predetermined time, an updated signal strength can be obtained again through the sensing element, and when the updated signal strength decreases by an amount equal to or greater than a predetermined ratio, the current impedance distribution can be adjusted to at least a portion of the multiple preset impedance distributions multiple times based on at least a portion of the multiple control parameter combinations. Each time the recorded signal strength is adjusted, another target parameter combination is selected from the multiple control parameter combinations based on the recorded signal strength, and the current impedance distribution can be adjusted using the another target parameter combination. Furthermore, when the updated signal strength decreases by an amount equal to or greater than the predetermined ratio, the controller of the signal transmission device can adjust the current impedance distribution to at least a portion of the multiple preset impedance distributions multiple times based on the multiple control parameter combinations corresponding to the first direction and / or the second direction corresponding to a current parameter combination within a predetermined angular range.

[0064] In the aforementioned embodiment, Tables 1 and 3 can be additionally implemented by a computing device and provided to the controller, and Tables 1 and 3 can be stored in the form of a beam table. The computing device can include one or more processing / control units capable of receiving, recording, computing, storing, and outputting data, such as a microcontroller, a central processing unit, a graphics processing unit, a programmable logic controller, or any combination thereof. Taking Table 1 as an example, the computing device can obtain the operating voltage nodes of a plurality of variable capacitors and, after permuting and combining the operating voltage nodes of the plurality of variable capacitors, generate a plurality of operating voltage combinations corresponding to the plurality of combination numbers in Table 1. Taking Table 3 as an example, the computing device can perform data simulation or experimental data analysis on the impedance distribution of the surface array using the plurality of operating voltage combinations in Table 1 to obtain the relationship between the incident angle θ / reflection angle φ and the plurality of operating voltage combinations.

[0065] Through the above-described structure, the signal transmission device disclosed in this application uses sensing elements to measure the signal strength of feedback signals in specific directions. This allows the device to adjust the current impedance distribution of its surface array based on changes in signal strength in different directions. Thus, a RIS implemented with the signal transmission device disclosed in this application can dynamically adjust the direction of the RIS's source and reflected signals in real time, generating a suitable signal coverage range and significantly enhancing the feasibility and ease of RIS deployment. Furthermore, the signal transmission device in this application can periodically measure and update the signal strength of feedback signals at a set interval and, using a beam table, perform focused scanning within a pre-set angular range where the signal's incident and reflection angles may deviate. This significantly improves the efficiency of dynamic scanning updates.

[0066] In one embodiment of the present invention, the signal transmission device of the present invention can be applied to a system consisting of a 5G private network and a 5G small base station.

[0067] The technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-mentioned embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0068] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation methods of the present application. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that a person of ordinary skill in the art may make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present application, and these modifications and improvements fall within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present patent application shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A signal transmission device, characterized in that: include: a plurality of signal transmission units arranged in a surface array, configured to receive a transmission signal in a first direction and output at least a portion of the transmission signal in a second direction, wherein the first direction and the second direction are associated with a current impedance distribution of the surface array; a sensing element connected to the plurality of signal transmission units, for obtaining a signal strength of a feedback signal associated with the transmission signal; as well as A controller is connected to the plurality of signal transmission units and the sensing elements, and is used to adjust the current impedance distribution according to the signal strength.

2. The signal transmission device according to claim 1, wherein: The controller stores multiple control parameter combinations corresponding to multiple preset impedance distributions of the surface array, and the controller is used to adjust the current impedance distribution to multiple preset impedance distributions multiple times according to the multiple control parameter combinations, and record the signal strength during each adjustment, select a target parameter combination from the multiple control parameter combinations based on the recorded signal strength, and adjust the current impedance distribution with the target parameter combination.

3. The signal transmission device according to claim 2, wherein: The value of the signal strength corresponding to the target parameter combination is the maximum value.

4. The signal transmission device according to claim 2, wherein: The controller is further configured to obtain an updated signal strength through the sensing element again after the current impedance distribution has been adjusted with the target parameter combination for a predetermined time, and when a decrease in the updated signal strength is equal to or greater than a preset ratio, adjust the current impedance distribution to at least a portion of a plurality of preset impedance distributions multiple times according to at least a portion of a plurality of the control parameter combinations and record the signal strength at each adjustment, select another target parameter combination from the plurality of the control parameter combinations according to the recorded signal strength, and adjust the current impedance distribution with the another target parameter combination.

5. The signal transmission device according to claim 4, wherein: The controller is used to adjust the current impedance distribution to at least a portion of the multiple preset impedance distributions multiple times according to the multiple control parameter combinations corresponding to the first direction and / or the second direction within a preset angle range near the current parameter combination when the updated signal strength decreases by an amount equal to or greater than the preset ratio.

6. The signal transmission device according to claim 1, wherein: Each of the signal transmission units comprises: a radiator, configured to receive the transmission signal and output at least a portion of the transmission signal; and An impedance adjustment element is connected to the controller and the radiator, and is used for being controlled by the controller to form at least a part of the impedance distribution.

7. The signal transmission device according to claim 6, wherein: The impedance adjustment element is a variable capacitor, and the controller is used to control an operating voltage of the variable capacitor of each of the plurality of signal transmission units to adjust the impedance distribution.

8. The signal transmission device according to claim 1, wherein: The sensing element includes a power detector for converting the feedback signal into an electrical signal and generating the signal strength according to the electrical signal.

9. The signal transmission device according to claim 8, wherein: The sensing element further includes a feedback circuit coupled to the plurality of signal transmission units and connected to the power detector.

10. The signal transmission device according to claim 1, wherein: The surface array formed by arranging a plurality of the signal transmission units is a reconfigurable smart surface.

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