Roadway supporting device for three-soft coal seam

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of roadway supporting, and discloses a roadway supporting device for a three-soft coal seam, which comprises an arc-shaped frame body, two groups of limiting holes are distributed in the arc-shaped frame body along the central axis in a mirror image manner, and the arc-shaped frame body is erected at the top of the three-soft coal seam in a working state; two sets of toothed plates are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the arc-shaped frame body, an L-shaped clamping plate is arranged on the surface of each toothed plate, the multiple sets of executing mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on the arc-shaped frame body and form real-time protection on a roadway working face based on the settlement displacement distance of the arc-shaped frame body, and the connecting mechanism is arranged at the ends of the executing mechanisms and used for connecting the executing mechanisms and the L-shaped clamping plate. Through the arrangement of the toothed plate, the executing mechanism and the connecting mechanism, when the bottom plate rock stratum of the soft coal seam roadway swells when encountering water, the arc-shaped frame body provides yielding within a certain range through spring sinking, and the bearing capacity can still be kept while the expansion displacement amount is released; and the problem of support failure caused by water swelling of the soft coal seam roadway bottom plate is effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel support, and more particularly to a tunnel support device for three-soft coal seams. Background Art

[0002] In deep coal mining projects, the three soft coal seams, consisting of a weak roof stratum with a uniaxial compressive strength of less than 12 MPa, a low-strength main mining coal seam with a Proctor coefficient f ≤ 0.6, and a highly expansive floor stratum with a softening coefficient greater than 0.4, form a complex weak surrounding rock system with significant rheological properties. Its engineering mechanical properties are manifested in the floor stratum's expansion stress reaching 1.8-2.3 MPa upon contact with water, with an expansion deformation rate exceeding 15%, leading to floor heave rates as high as 20-30 mm / day. These geological conditions require a dual-layer support system consisting of anchor mesh cable pre-reinforcement and hydraulic support for coordinated support.

[0003] Currently, in deep three-soft coal seam tunnel support projects, the dynamic instability problem of composite weak surrounding rock is particularly prominent. When the roof suddenly collapses, the existing support will be immediately deformed due to the large pressure, resulting in a sudden drop in the yield strength of the support column during the collapse, loss of bearing capacity, and deformation at the joint between the anchor cable and the tunnel. However, the top of the tunnel continues to exert pressure on the support device. The support system lacks a self-locking reinforcement mechanism during the plastic deformation stage. In severe cases, the top of the tunnel will cause the anchor cable to break, making it difficult to gain golden escape time for underground personnel when the area collapses. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention discloses a tunnel support device for three-soft coal seams, which solves the technical problem in the above-mentioned background technology that the cave-in inside the tunnel causes the life safety of underground personnel.

[0005] The present invention discloses a tunnel support device for three-soft coal seams, comprising an arc-shaped frame, wherein two groups of restriction holes are distributed in a mirror-image manner along the central axis of the arc-shaped frame, and the arc-shaped frame is erected on the top of the three-soft coal seam in a working state; two groups of tooth plates are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the arc-shaped frame, and each tooth plate surface is provided with an L-shaped clamping plate; multiple groups of actuators are symmetrically arranged on the arc-shaped frame, and real-time protection of the tunnel working surface is formed based on the settlement displacement distance of the arc-shaped frame; the connecting mechanism is arranged at the end of the actuator, and cooperates with the tooth plate displacement coefficient to perform real-time synchronization of the protection action.

[0006] As a preferred solution of the tunnel support device for three-soft coal seams of the present invention, the depths, cross-sectional shapes and extension paths of the two groups of limiting holes correspond to each other.

[0007] As a preferred solution of the tunnel support device for three-soft coal seams of the present invention, the actuator includes a spring abutting against the arc-shaped frame, a telescopic rod is arranged inside the spring, an empty cylinder is arranged inside the telescopic rod, a torsion spring is fixedly connected inside the empty cylinder, and an emergency part is arranged on the surface of the empty cylinder.

[0008] As a preferred solution of the tunnel support device for three-soft coal seams of the present invention, the torsion spring is fixedly connected to the inner bottom of the telescopic rod, and the raised part of the hollow cylinder is restricted by the tooth plate in the initial state.

[0009] As a preferred solution of the tunnel support device for three-soft coal seams of the present invention, the emergency part includes a rotating rod fixedly connected to the surface of the empty cylinder, a pull net is provided on the surface of the rotating rod, and several sets of curved blocks are provided on the side of the rotating rod away from the pull net.

[0010] As a preferred solution of the tunnel support device for three-soft coal seams of the present invention, the curved block is in the shape of an inverted hook, and the pulling net is fixedly connected to the inside of the arc-shaped frame and has elastic force.

[0011] As a preferred solution of the tunnel support device for three-soft coal seams of the present invention, the connecting mechanism includes an elevated carrier arranged at the end of a telescopic rod, each of the elevated carriers is provided with a mounting hole, and an anchor is provided through the mounting hole, and a pressure plate that fits the anchor is hinged on the surface of the elevated carrier near the anchor, and two groups of gears are symmetrically provided on the surface of the elevated carrier near the pressure plate, a short rod is provided on the surface of the gear, and a folding rod is rotatably connected to the surface of the short rod, and the two groups of folding rods are connected by a flexible belt, and a bell is provided on the surface of the flexible belt.

[0012] As a preferred solution of the tunnel support device for three-soft coal seams of the present invention, each of the gears is meshed with the tooth plate in the initial state.

[0013] As a preferred solution of the tunnel support device for three-soft coal seams of the present invention, each of the gears does not contact each other in the working state, and is on the same horizontal line to perform circular motion.

[0014] As a preferred solution of the tunnel support device for three-soft coal seams of the present invention, the folding rod does not contact the L-shaped clamping plate in a safe state, and abuts against the L-shaped clamping plate in a dangerous state.

[0015] The beneficial effect of the present invention is that: through the arrangement of the tooth plate, the actuator and the connecting mechanism, when the bottom rock layer of the soft coal seam tunnel expands when it encounters water, the arc-shaped frame provides pressure relief within a certain range through the sinking of the spring, while releasing the expansion displacement, it can still maintain the bearing capacity, effectively solving the support failure problem caused by the expansion of the bottom plate of the soft coal seam tunnel when it encounters water.

[0016] Furthermore, when the bottom plate partially collapses and the tooth plate moves downward to a preset threshold, the folding rod and the L-shaped clamping plate form a geometric self-locking effect. The folding rod generates an upward supporting force, which increases the support time of the arc frame, constructing the effects of displacement triggering, self-locking and secondary support, thereby buying more evacuation time for underground personnel.

[0017] Furthermore, when the collapse reaches the limit value, the convex part of the empty tube will no longer exert a restraining force on it as the arc-shaped frame descends, and the restraint mechanism will be released. The torsion spring will drive the rotating rod to disengage from the device, and the curved block will contact the anchor net. As the anchor net is deformed, the curved block will be fixed on the anchor net, forming an interlocking structure with the embedded anchor net to block the falling soil blocks, and people will be evacuated in time under the pop-up pull net.

[0018] Furthermore, through the setting of the bell and the flexible belt, when the folding rod is axially displaced by the movement of the base plate, the bell will be driven to work based on the time, range, and speed of the movement. Due to excessive dust in the environment, the visualization is weak. At this time, the shaking sound can be used to continuously alert the nearby workers whether they are in a safe operating environment, providing advance risk avoidance for underground workers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is an overall schematic diagram of the device of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the coupling mechanism of the present invention from a first perspective;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the elevated carrier and the anchor pins of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the restriction hole of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the initial state of the stretched net and the connection with the arc-shaped frame of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 is an isolated schematic diagram of the actuator of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 2. It is a schematic diagram of the coupling mechanism of the present invention from a second viewing angle.

[0026] In the figure: 100, arc-shaped frame; 101, limiting hole; 102, tooth plate; 103, L-shaped clamping plate; 200, actuator; 201, spring; 202, telescopic rod; 203, empty cylinder; 204, torsion spring; 205, emergency part; 2051, rotating rod; 2052, pulling net; 2053, curved block; 300, connecting mechanism; 301, elevated carrier; 302, anchor nail; 303, pressure plate; 304, gear; 305, short rod; 306, folding rod; 307, flexible belt; 308, bell. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The subject matter described herein will now be discussed with reference to example embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are discussed solely to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the subject matter described herein, and that the functions and arrangements of the elements discussed may be varied without departing from the scope of this specification. Various examples may omit, substitute, or add various processes or components as needed. Furthermore, features described in some examples may be combined in other examples.

[0028] The embodiment of the present invention discloses a tunnel support device for three-soft coal seams, such as Figures 1 to 7 As shown, it includes an arc-shaped frame 100, and two groups of limiting holes 101 are distributed in a mirror-like manner along the central axis inside the arc-shaped frame 100, which is erected on the top of the three-soft coal seam in the working state; two groups of tooth plates 102 are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the arc-shaped frame 100, and an L-shaped clamping plate 103 is arranged on the surface of each tooth plate 102. Multiple groups of actuators 200 are symmetrically arranged on the arc-shaped frame 100, and real-time protection of the tunnel working surface is formed based on the settlement displacement distance of the arc-shaped frame 100. The connecting mechanism 300 is arranged at the end of the actuator 200, and cooperates with the displacement coefficient of the tooth plate 102 to perform real-time synchronization of the protective action.

[0029] like Figure 4 As shown, the depths, cross-sectional shapes and extension paths of the two groups of limiting holes 101 correspond to each other.

[0030] During use, the limiting hole 101 positions the empty cylinder 203 in the initial state so that it is not rotated by the force of the torsion spring 204. When the arc-shaped frame 100 sinks too deep, the limiting hole 101 drops, and the radius inside it gradually expands and will not limit the empty cylinder 203. At this time, the torsion spring 204 drives the empty cylinder 203 to rotate.

[0031] like Figures 5 and 6 As shown, the actuator 200 includes a spring 201 abutting against the arc-shaped frame 100, a telescopic rod 202 is provided inside the spring 201, a hollow cylinder 203 is provided inside the telescopic rod 202, a torsion spring 204 is fixedly connected inside the hollow cylinder 203, and an emergency part 205 is provided on the surface of the hollow cylinder 203.

[0032] During use, the torsion spring 204 generates a rotational force on the empty cylinder 203 in the initial state, but the empty cylinder 203 is locked with the limiting hole 101 and does not move. The spring 201 contacts the arc-shaped frame 100 and generates a lifting force, while providing a certain range of pressure relief.

[0033] The torsion spring 204 is fixedly connected to the inner bottom of the telescopic rod 202 , and the raised portion of the hollow cylinder 203 is restricted by the tooth plate 102 in the initial state.

[0034] The emergency part 205 includes a rotating rod 2051 fixedly connected to the surface of the empty cylinder 203. A pulling net 2052 is provided on the surface of the rotating rod 2051. A plurality of sets of curved blocks 2053 are provided on the side of the rotating rod 2051 away from the pulling net 2052.

[0035] like Figure 5 As shown, the curved block 2053 is in the shape of an inverted hook, and the pull net 2052 is fixedly connected to the inside of the arc-shaped frame 100 and has elasticity.

[0036] During use, the curved block 2053 is in the shape of an inverted hook. When it is ejected by the torsion spring 204, it will contact the anchor net through the rotating rod 2051. When the tunnel is deformed, the curved block 2053 will better interlock with the anchor net.

[0037] like Figure 2 or Figure 7 As shown, the connecting mechanism 300 includes an elevated carrier 301 arranged at the end of the telescopic rod 202, and each elevated carrier 301 is provided with a mounting hole, and an anchor 302 is provided through the mounting hole. A pressure plate 303 that fits the anchor 302 is hinged on the surface of the elevated carrier 301 near the anchor 302. The anchor 302 is obliquely punched to cooperate with the elevated carrier 301 for auxiliary support and fixation. After the anchor 302 is installed, the pressure plate 303 is fixed to the pressure plate 303 by bolts. Two groups of gears 304 are symmetrically provided on the surface of the elevated carrier 301 near the pressure plate 303, and a short rod 305 is provided on the surface of the gear 304. A folding rod 306 is rotatably connected to the surface of the short rod 305. The two groups of folding rods 306 are connected by a flexible belt 307, and a bell 308 is provided on the surface of the flexible belt 307.

[0038] Each gear 304 is initially engaged with the gear plate 102 .

[0039] During use, the sinking of the tooth plate 102 determines the active range of the gear 304. When the tooth plate 102 drops to the limit distance, the gear 304 drives the folding rod 306 to work through the short rod 305, so that the folding rod 306 is in close contact with the L-shaped clamping plate 103, resulting in interlocking. At this time, the tooth plate 102 no longer gives way due to the interlocking mechanism.

[0040] Each gear 304 does not contact each other in the working state, and moves in a circular motion on the same horizontal line.

[0041] The folding rod 306 does not contact the L-shaped clamping plate 103 in a safe state, and contacts the L-shaped clamping plate 103 in a dangerous state.

[0042] Working principle:

[0043] Personnel carried out multi-point continuous installation of the device in the three-soft coal seam roadway to ensure that each emergency part 205 can provide coordinated protection for underground personnel when it pops out, by raising the vertical fixing nails and inclined fixing nails at the end of the carrier 301. "The fixing nails are existing technology, Figure 1 The elevated carrier 301 is installed and anchored on the cave wall and soft ground as shown in the figure. When the device is in normal use, the arc frame 100 releases the pressure of the tunnel through the activities of the telescopic rod 202 and the spring 201. In the event of a fall or excessive pressure in the current area, the arc frame 100 drives the tooth plate 102 to descend, and the gear 304 engaged with the tooth plate 102 starts to work. The gear 304 drives the short rod 305 to work by rotating the "short rod 305 on the surface of the gear 304 is not aligned with the axis of the gear 304". The folding rod 306 always makes a stroke motion perpendicular to the center of gravity of the ground in the working state. After the folding rod 306 reaches a certain height, the folding rod 306 interlocks with the L-shaped clamping plate 103, and the tooth plate 102 stops descending. This is the limit of normal pressure relief. When the collapse is serious or the soil layer anchored by the anchor cable sinks seriously, the empty cylinder 203 is released from the restriction, and the torsion spring 204 will drive the empty cylinder 203 to move. The empty cylinder 203 drives the emergency part 205 to rotate out from the inside of the arc frame 100, and the rotating rod 2051 contacts the anchor net on the anchor cable and hangs the anchor net through the curved block 2053. At this time, the pull net 2052 is opened synchronously. During the operation of this device, as long as the folding rod 306 changes its position, the flexible belt 307 will drive the bell 308 to produce a sound, alerting the underground personnel within the range. When the pull net 2052 is opened, the underground personnel are within the opening range of the pull net 2052 and close to the elevated carrier 301 (the elevated carrier 301 is the main bearing point, and the personnel need to rely on the elevated carrier 301 for orderly evacuation).

[0044] The above describes an embodiment of the present invention, but this embodiment is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation methods. The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Ordinary technicians in this field can also make more forms of equivalent embodiments based on the inspiration of this embodiment, all of which are protected by this embodiment.

Claims

1. A tunnel support device for three-soft coal seams, characterized in that: include; An arc-shaped frame (100) is provided with two groups of limiting holes (101) distributed in a mirror image along the central axis of the arc-shaped frame (100), and is erected on the top of the three-soft coal seam in a working state; two groups of tooth plates (102) are symmetrically provided at the bottom of the arc-shaped frame (100), and each tooth plate (102) is provided with an L-shaped clamping plate (103) on its surface; Multiple sets of actuators (200) are symmetrically arranged on the arc-shaped frame (100), and form real-time protection for the tunnel working surface based on the settlement displacement distance of the arc-shaped frame (100); The coupling mechanism (300) is arranged at the end of the actuator (200) and cooperates with the displacement coefficient of the tooth plate (102) to perform real-time synchronization of the protective action.

2. A tunnel support device for three-soft coal seams according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two groups of limiting holes (101) correspond to each other in terms of opening depth, cross-sectional shape and extension path.

3. A tunnel support device for three-soft coal seams according to claim 2, characterized in that: The actuator (200) comprises a spring (201) abutting against an arc-shaped frame (100); a telescopic rod (202) is provided inside the spring (201); a hollow cylinder (203) is provided inside the telescopic rod (202); a torsion spring (204) is fixedly connected inside the hollow cylinder (203); and an emergency part (205) is provided on the surface of the hollow cylinder (203).

4. A tunnel support device for three-soft coal seams according to claim 3, characterized in that: The torsion spring (204) is fixedly connected to the inner bottom of the telescopic rod (202), and the raised portion of the hollow cylinder (203) is restricted by the toothed plate (102) in an initial state.

5. The tunnel support device for three-soft coal seams according to claim 4, characterized in that: The emergency part (205) comprises a rotating rod (2051) fixedly connected to the surface of the empty cylinder (203); a pulling net (2052) is provided on the surface of the rotating rod (2051); and a plurality of sets of curved blocks (2053) are provided on the side of the surface of the rotating rod (2051) away from the pulling net (2052).

6. The tunnel support device for three-soft coal seams according to claim 5, characterized in that: The curved block (2053) is in the shape of an inverted hook, and the pulling net (2052) is fixedly connected to the inside of the arc-shaped frame (100) and has elasticity.

7. The tunnel support device for three-soft coal seams according to claim 6, characterized in that: The coupling mechanism (300) comprises an elevated carrier (301) arranged at the end of a telescopic rod (202), each elevated carrier (301) is provided with a mounting hole, and an anchor (302) is provided through the mounting hole, a pressure plate (303) is hingedly connected to the anchor (302) on the surface of the elevated carrier (301) on one side close to the anchor (302), and two groups of gears (304) are symmetrically provided on the surface of the elevated carrier (301) on one side close to the pressure plate (303), a short rod (305) is provided on the surface of the gear (304), and a folding rod (306) is rotatably connected to the surface of the short rod (305), and the two groups of folding rods (306) are connected by a flexible belt (307), and a bell (308) is provided on the surface of the flexible belt (307).

8. The tunnel support device for three-soft coal seams according to claim 7, characterized in that: Each of the gears (304) is initially engaged with the toothed plate (102).

9. The tunnel support device for three-soft coal seams according to claim 8, characterized in that: Each of the gears (304) does not contact each other in the working state and moves in a circular motion on the same horizontal line.

10. The tunnel support device for three-soft coal seams according to claim 9, characterized in that: The folding rod (306) does not contact the L-shaped card plate (103) in a safe state, and abuts against the L-shaped card plate (103) in a dangerous state.

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