Coal mine underground gangue crushing, screening and drying equipment and method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of coal gangue treatment, and particularly relates to coal mine underground gangue crushing, screening and drying equipment and method. The crushing, screening and drying processes which are originally completed by a plurality of independent devices are integrated in the same device, and the underground device arrangement and the material conveying process are remarkably simplified. By means of the design, the space utilization rate is greatly increased, the problem of space waste caused by scattered arrangement of traditional equipment is solved, meanwhile, blockage and energy consumption loss of materials in the conveying process are reduced, and therefore the operation efficiency and reliability of the whole system are improved. The drying, crushing and screening processes are synchronously carried out, so that the crushed materials are always kept in a proper dry state, the negative influence of the materials with overhigh humidity on the crushing efficiency and the system stability is avoided, and the overall reliability of the system is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of coal gangue processing, and in particular relates to an underground coal mine gangue crushing, screening and drying device and method. Background Art

[0002] With the expansion of coal mining, environmental problems such as gangue emissions and surface subsidence are becoming increasingly serious. The traditional ground stacking method can no longer meet the needs of green mining. Underground sorting and pneumatic return filling technology have become an important means to solve resource waste and surface damage, but the gangue particle size and moisture content are extremely high, and crushing, screening and drying are necessary. The existing processing flow relies on multiple decentralized equipment, and there are problems such as lengthy processes, low space utilization, poor adaptability, and difficulty in control. For this reason, there is an urgent need for an integrated device for gangue crushing, screening, and drying that is suitable for complex underground working conditions, to achieve efficient processing and intelligent collaborative control, improve resource utilization, ensure mining safety, and help coal mines achieve green and intelligent transformation.

[0003] The pneumatic conveying and backfilling support process places high demands on the material's physical properties, including shape, particle size, and moisture content. Particle size during pneumatic conveying must be kept below 5mm. If the gangue particle size exceeds 5mm, it is extremely prone to material accumulation and pipe blockage, significantly reducing conveying efficiency and potentially completely interrupting the conveying process. Therefore, the gangue requires crushing. However, due to the gangue's inherent moisture content underground and the influence of mining methods and spray dust suppression, the gangue has a high moisture content.

[0004] In view of this, the inventor hopes to provide a coal mine gangue crushing, screening and drying equipment and method, which adopts equipment and technology of screening before crushing, crushing and then screening, and integrated screening and drying device to improve the efficiency of the crushing system and reduce crushing energy consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned problems existing in the traditional technology and provide an underground coal mine gangue crushing, screening and drying device and method.

[0006] In order to achieve the above technical objectives and the above technical effects, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a coal mine gangue crushing, screening and drying device, comprising a controller and a first screening and drying device, a second screening and drying device, a third screening and drying device, a fourth screening and drying device, a primary crushing device, a secondary crushing device, a tertiary crushing device and a pneumatic conveying system connected thereto;

[0008] The first screening and drying device is provided with three screening output ports, and the three screening output ports are respectively connected to the feed ports of the first-stage crushing device, the second-stage crushing device, and the third-stage crushing device;

[0009] The crushing output port of the primary crushing device is connected to the feed port of the second screening and drying device, the oversize material output port of the second screening and drying device is connected to the return port of the primary crushing device, the undersize material output port of the second screening and drying device is connected to the pneumatic conveying system, and the screened material output port of the second screening and drying device is connected to the feed port of the secondary crushing device;

[0010] The crushing output port of the secondary crushing device is connected to the feed port of the third screening and drying device, the oversize material output port of the third screening and drying device is connected to the return port of the secondary crushing device, the undersize material output port of the third screening and drying device is connected to the pneumatic conveying system, and the screened material output port of the third screening and drying device is connected to the feed port of the tertiary crushing device;

[0011] The crushing output port of the tertiary crushing device is connected to the feed port of the fourth screening and drying device, the oversize material output port of the fourth screening and drying device is connected to the return material port of the tertiary crushing device, and the undersize material output port of the fourth screening and drying device is connected to the pneumatic conveying system.

[0012] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned coal mine gangue crushing, screening and drying equipment, the first screening and drying device adopts a two-layer screen, the screening specification of the first layer of screen is 150 mesh, and the screening specification of the second layer of screen is 50 mesh.

[0013] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned coal mine gangue crushing, screening and drying equipment, the second screening and drying device adopts a two-layer screen, the screening specification of the first layer of screen is 100 mesh, and the screening specification of the second layer of screen is 5 mesh.

[0014] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned coal mine gangue crushing, screening and drying equipment, the third screening and drying device adopts a two-layer screen, the screening specification of the first layer of screen is 50 mesh, and the screening specification of the second layer of screen is 5 mesh.

[0015] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned coal mine gangue crushing, screening and drying equipment, the fourth screening and drying device adopts a single-layer screen, and the screening specification of the single-layer screen is 5 mesh.

[0016] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned coal mine underground gangue crushing, screening and drying equipment, the first screening and drying device, the second screening and drying device, the third screening and drying device and the fourth screening and drying device are all provided with a hot air drying system capable of drying the gangue during the screening process.

[0017] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned coal mine underground gangue crushing, screening and drying equipment, the primary crushing device is a jaw crusher or a hammer crusher.

[0018] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned coal mine underground gangue crushing, screening and drying equipment, the secondary crushing device is an impact crusher or a cone crusher.

[0019] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned coal mine underground gangue crushing, screening and drying equipment, the three-stage crushing device is a fine crusher, an impact crusher or a high-speed impact crusher.

[0020] The present invention also provides a method for crushing, screening and drying gangue in a coal mine, which is implemented based on the above-mentioned coal mine gangue crushing, screening and drying equipment, and includes the following steps:

[0021] S1. For gangue with a particle size of 0-300 mm, the first screening and drying device is used to screen and dry the incoming material. The first screening and drying device inputs the gangue with a particle size of 150-300 mm to the primary crushing device, the gangue with a particle size of 50-150 mm to the secondary crushing device, and the gangue with a particle size of 0-50 mm to the tertiary crushing device;

[0022] S2, the primary crushing device crushes the 150-300mm gangue to less than 100mm, and inputs it to the second screening and drying device for screening and drying. The second screening and drying device returns the 100-300mm particle size gangue to the primary crushing device, inputs the 5-100mm particle size gangue to the secondary crushing device, and inputs the 0-5mm particle size gangue to the pneumatic conveying system;

[0023] S3, the secondary crushing device crushes the 50-150mm diameter gangue to less than 50mm and inputs it to the third screening and drying device for screening and drying. The third screening and drying device returns the 50-150mm diameter gangue to the secondary crushing device, inputs the 5-50mm diameter gangue to the tertiary crushing device, and inputs the 0-5mm diameter gangue to the pneumatic conveying system;

[0024] S4. The tertiary crushing device crushes the 0-50mm particle size gangue to less than 5mm and inputs it to the fourth screening and drying device for screening and drying. The fourth screening and drying device returns the 5-50mm particle size gangue to the tertiary crushing device and inputs the 0-5mm particle size gangue to the pneumatic conveying system.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0026] 1. This invention integrates the crushing, screening, and drying processes, which previously required multiple independent devices, into a single device, significantly simplifying underground equipment layout and material transportation. This design significantly improves space utilization, avoids the space waste caused by traditional dispersed equipment layout, and reduces blockages and energy losses during material transportation, thereby improving the overall system's operating efficiency and reliability.

[0027] 2. By installing a screening and drying device between the crushing stages, the present invention allows for effective screening and drying of materials at each crushing stage, ensuring that materials of different particle sizes can enter the corresponding crushing stages. For example, when the material particle size is small, primary crushing can be omitted and secondary or tertiary crushing can be performed directly. This not only reduces energy consumption but also improves the system's operating efficiency. Furthermore, the screening device can screen out materials that are incompletely crushed in the primary stage and return them to the primary crushing stage, screen materials suitable for secondary crushing and send them to the secondary crushing stage, and finally, materials suitable for pneumatic conveying can be directly fed into the pneumatic conveying system. This will inevitably improve the crushing and screening efficiency, maximizing the crushing efficiency.

[0028] 3. The screening and drying device of this invention effectively reduces the moisture content of the gangue by introducing hot air drying technology. The simultaneous drying, crushing, and screening processes ensure that the crushed material always remains suitably dry, avoiding the negative impact of excessively moist material on crushing efficiency and system stability, and improving the overall reliability of the system.

[0029] 4. The present invention's compact design and minimal footprint make it particularly suitable for use in confined underground environments. Its integrated design addresses the challenges of deploying traditional dispersed equipment underground, resulting in space waste and increased operational flexibility and safety. Its optimized structure ensures efficient operation while meeting the complex operating conditions of underground coal mines, requiring the equipment to meet these requirements.

[0030] Of course, any product implementing the present invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the above advantages at the same time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0032] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the components of the crushing, screening and drying equipment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of the crushing, screening and drying equipment of the present invention;

[0034] In the accompanying drawings, the reference numerals of the various components are as follows:

[0035] 1-controller, 2-first screening and drying device, 3-second screening and drying device, 4-third screening and drying device, 5-fourth screening and drying device, 6-first stage crushing device, 7-second stage crushing device, 8-third stage crushing device, 9-pneumatic conveying system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] like Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a coal mine gangue crushing, screening and drying equipment, including a controller 1 and a first screening and drying device 2, a second screening and drying device 3, a third screening and drying device 4, a fourth screening and drying device 5, a primary crushing device 6, a secondary crushing device 7, a tertiary crushing device 8 and a pneumatic conveying system 9 connected thereto. The first screening and drying device 2 is provided with three screening output ports, and the three screening output ports are respectively connected to the feed ports of the primary crushing device 6, the secondary crushing device 7, and the tertiary crushing device 8. The crushing output port of the primary crushing device 6 is connected to the feed port of the second screening and drying device 3, the oversize output port of the second screening and drying device 3 is connected to the return port of the primary crushing device 6, the undersize output port of the second screening and drying device 3 is connected to the pneumatic conveying system 9, and the screened material output port of the second screening and drying device 3 is connected to the feed port of the secondary crushing device 7. The crushing outlet of the secondary crushing device 7 is connected to the feed inlet of the third screening and drying device 4. The oversize outlet of the third screening and drying device 4 is connected to the return outlet of the secondary crushing device 7. The undersize outlet of the third screening and drying device 4 is connected to the pneumatic conveying system 9. The screened material outlet of the third screening and drying device 4 is connected to the feed inlet of the tertiary crushing device 8. The crushing outlet of the tertiary crushing device 8 is connected to the feed inlet of the fourth screening and drying device 5. The oversize outlet of the fourth screening and drying device 5 is connected to the return outlet of the tertiary crushing device 8. The undersize outlet of the fourth screening and drying device 5 is connected to the pneumatic conveying system 9.

[0038] In this embodiment, the first screening and drying device 2 uses a two-layer screen, the screening specification of the first layer of screen is 150 mesh, and the screening specification of the second layer of screen is 50 mesh.

[0039] In this embodiment, the second screening and drying device 3 uses a two-layer screen, the screening specification of the first layer of the screen is 100 mesh, and the screening specification of the second layer of the screen is 5 mesh.

[0040] In this embodiment, the third screening and drying device 4 uses a two-layer screen, the screening specification of the first layer of the screen is 50 mesh, and the screening specification of the second layer of the screen is 5 mesh.

[0041] In this embodiment, the fourth screening and drying device 5 uses a single-layer screen, and the screening specification of the single-layer screen is 5 meshes.

[0042] In this embodiment, the first screening and drying device 2 , the second screening and drying device 3 , the third screening and drying device 4 and the fourth screening and drying device 5 are all provided with a hot air drying system capable of drying the gangue during the screening process.

[0043] In this embodiment, the primary crushing device 6 is a jaw crusher or a hammer crusher. For the crushing of large-particle materials in the initial stage, a jaw crusher or a hammer crusher is usually selected. The jaw crusher can crush large pieces of material efficiently and has strong adaptability. The hammer crusher is suitable for crushing relatively fragile materials, has a high production capacity, and has a simple structure and easy maintenance. Jaw crusher: suitable for hard and medium-hard materials, and can handle larger feed particle sizes. Due to the large crushing ratio of the jaw crusher, it can effectively crush large-particle materials to smaller sizes. Hammer crusher: suitable for relatively fragile materials, can handle large-particle but easily crushed materials, suitable for rapid crushing, and suitable for fragile materials such as coal gangue.

[0044] In this embodiment, the secondary crushing device 7 is an impact crusher or a cone crusher. Secondary crushing requires further refinement of the particle size, and an impact crusher or a cone crusher can be selected at this time. Impact crusher: suitable for crushing medium-hard and brittle materials, and has a high crushing ratio by colliding with the material through the high-speed rotating rotor. The impact crusher has a good application in the crushing of brittle materials such as coal gangue. Cone crusher: suitable for crushing medium-hard to hard materials, with uniform crushing particle size and large output. The cone crusher can achieve finer particle size crushing and is suitable for materials that require higher particle size control.

[0045] In this embodiment, the tertiary crushing device 8 is a fine crusher, an impact crusher or a high-speed impact crusher. In the tertiary crushing stage, the target particle size is relatively small, so it is necessary to select equipment that can provide a fine crushing effect. Fine crusher: It is suitable for the stage where the material needs to be finely crushed for the last time, and can achieve a smaller particle size (below 5 mm). The fine crusher can effectively further crush harder and more brittle materials. Impact crusher: It is suitable for sand making and final crushing of materials. It can produce uniform fine particles. It is especially suitable for processing brittle materials and can achieve very fine particle size requirements (such as below 5 mm). Its crushing method is carried out through high-speed collision between the high-speed rotor and the material, and the crushing effect is good. High-speed impact crusher: This equipment can also be used for the final stage of crushing, can produce fine-grained materials, and is suitable for the crushing of more fragile materials such as coal gangue.

[0046] This embodiment also provides a method for crushing, screening and drying coal mine gangue, comprising the following steps:

[0047] S1. For gangue with a particle size of 0-300 mm, the first screening and drying device 2 is used to screen and dry the incoming material. The first screening and drying device 2 inputs the gangue with a particle size of 150-300 mm into the primary crushing device 6, the gangue with a particle size of 50-150 mm into the secondary crushing device 7, and the gangue with a particle size of 0-50 mm into the tertiary crushing device 8;

[0048] S2, the primary crushing device 6 coarsely crushes the 150-300 mm gangue to less than 100 mm and inputs it to the second screening and drying device 3 for screening and drying. The second screening and drying device 3 returns the 100-300 mm particle size gangue to the primary crushing device 6, inputs the 5-100 mm particle size gangue to the secondary crushing device 7, and inputs the 0-5 mm particle size gangue to the pneumatic conveying system 9;

[0049] S3, the secondary crushing device 7 crushes the 50-150 mm diameter gangue to less than 50 mm and inputs it to the third screening and drying device 4 for screening and drying. The third screening and drying device 4 returns the 50-150 mm diameter gangue to the secondary crushing device 7, inputs the 5-50 mm diameter gangue to the tertiary crushing device 8, and inputs the 0-5 mm diameter gangue to the pneumatic conveying system 9;

[0050] S4, the tertiary crushing device 8 crushes the 0-50 mm particle size gangue to less than 5 mm, and inputs it to the fourth screening and drying device 5 for screening and drying. The fourth screening and drying device 5 returns the 5-50 mm particle size gangue to the tertiary crushing device 8, and inputs the 0-5 mm particle size gangue to the pneumatic conveying system 9.

[0051] A specific application of this embodiment is: this device integrates the screening and drying functions into the same device, thereby improving the efficiency and quality of material processing. This device adopts a combination of a multi-layer screen structure and hot air drying technology. When the material passes through the screening device, it can be dried simultaneously, thereby effectively reducing the moisture content of the coal gangue and improving the crushing performance of the material. The device can first screen the input material according to the particle size range, and divide it into three particle size ranges suitable for primary, secondary, and tertiary crushing. Through the introduction of hot air, the material is dried while screening, thereby ensuring that the material always remains in a dry state suitable for crushing.

[0052] Between each crushing stage, screening and drying equipment continues to play a vital role. Through a precise screening system, incompletely crushed material from each stage is re-screened and returned to the previous crushing system, while material suitable for the next stage is precisely fed into the system. Materials suitable for pneumatic conveying are also screened and dried before entering the pneumatic conveying system, bypassing the next stage for further processing, ensuring greater efficiency.

[0053] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are intended only to help illustrate the present invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the present invention to specific embodiments. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible based on the contents of this specification. These embodiments are selected and described in detail in this specification to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the present invention. The present invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A coal mine gangue crushing, screening and drying equipment, characterized in that: It includes a controller and a first screening and drying device, a second screening and drying device, a third screening and drying device, a fourth screening and drying device, a primary crushing device, a secondary crushing device, a tertiary crushing device and a pneumatic conveying system connected thereto; The first screening and drying device is provided with three screening output ports, and the three screening output ports are respectively connected to the feed ports of the first-stage crushing device, the second-stage crushing device, and the third-stage crushing device; The crushing output port of the primary crushing device is connected to the feed port of the second screening and drying device, the oversize material output port of the second screening and drying device is connected to the return port of the primary crushing device, the undersize material output port of the second screening and drying device is connected to the pneumatic conveying system, and the screened material output port of the second screening and drying device is connected to the feed port of the secondary crushing device; The crushing output port of the secondary crushing device is connected to the feed port of the third screening and drying device, the oversize material output port of the third screening and drying device is connected to the return port of the secondary crushing device, the undersize material output port of the third screening and drying device is connected to the pneumatic conveying system, and the screened material output port of the third screening and drying device is connected to the feed port of the tertiary crushing device; The crushing output port of the tertiary crushing device is connected to the feed port of the fourth screening and drying device, the oversize material output port of the fourth screening and drying device is connected to the return material port of the tertiary crushing device, and the undersize material output port of the fourth screening and drying device is connected to the pneumatic conveying system.

2. The coal mine gangue crushing, screening and drying equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first screening and drying device adopts a two-layer screen, the screening specification of the first layer of screen is 150 mesh, and the screening specification of the second layer of screen is 50 mesh.

3. The coal mine gangue crushing, screening and drying equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second screening and drying device adopts a two-layer screen, the screening specification of the first layer of screen is 100 mesh, and the screening specification of the second layer of screen is 5 mesh.

4. The coal mine gangue crushing, screening and drying equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third screening and drying device adopts a two-layer sieve, the screening specification of the first layer of sieve is 50 mesh, and the screening specification of the second layer of sieve is 5 mesh.

5. The coal mine gangue crushing, screening and drying equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fourth screening and drying device adopts a single-layer screen, and the screening specification of the single-layer screen is 5 meshes.

6. The coal mine gangue crushing, screening and drying equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first screening and drying device, the second screening and drying device, the third screening and drying device and the fourth screening and drying device are all provided with a hot air drying system capable of drying the gangue during the screening process.

7. The coal mine gangue crushing, screening and drying equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The primary crushing device is a jaw crusher or a hammer crusher.

8. The coal mine gangue crushing, screening and drying equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The secondary crushing device is an impact crusher or a cone crusher.

9. The coal mine gangue crushing, screening and drying equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-stage crushing device is a fine crusher, an impact crusher or a high-speed impact crusher.

10. A method for crushing, screening and drying gangue in underground coal mines, which is implemented based on the underground gangue crushing, screening and drying equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and is characterized in that: The steps include: S1. For gangue with a particle size of 0-300 mm, the first screening and drying device is used to screen and dry the incoming material. The first screening and drying device inputs the gangue with a particle size of 150-300 mm to the primary crushing device, the gangue with a particle size of 50-150 mm to the secondary crushing device, and the gangue with a particle size of 0-50 mm to the tertiary crushing device; S2, the primary crushing device crushes the 150-300mm gangue to less than 100mm, and inputs it to the second screening and drying device for screening and drying. The second screening and drying device returns the 100-300mm particle size gangue to the primary crushing device, inputs the 5-100mm particle size gangue to the secondary crushing device, and inputs the 0-5mm particle size gangue to the pneumatic conveying system; S3, the secondary crushing device crushes the 50-150mm diameter gangue to less than 50mm and inputs it to the third screening and drying device for screening and drying. The third screening and drying device returns the 50-150mm diameter gangue to the secondary crushing device, inputs the 5-50mm diameter gangue to the tertiary crushing device, and inputs the 0-5mm diameter gangue to the pneumatic conveying system; S4. The tertiary crushing device crushes the 0-50mm particle size gangue to less than 5mm and inputs it to the fourth screening and drying device for screening and drying. The fourth screening and drying device returns the 5-50mm particle size gangue to the tertiary crushing device and inputs the 0-5mm particle size gangue to the pneumatic conveying system.

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